Search

U ovom diplomskom radu opisani su pojmovi rast i razvoj kao i tjelesni razvoj kroz faze rasta. Definirani su motorički razvoj i motoričke sposobnosti kao i karakteristike djece predškolske dobi. Također, opisani su svi testovi PREFIT baterije testova koji su provedeni u istraživanju kako bi se procijenila tjelesna spremnost djece predškolske dobi. Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi razvijenost tjelesnog fitnesa te međusobne relacije pojedinih sposobnosti kao i spolne razlike u djece predškolske dobi. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 39 djece (21 dječak i 18 djevojčica) predškolske dobi prosječne starosti 6,28 godina iz dva dječja vrtića u Osijeku. Upotrebljavana je PREFIT baterija testova kojima je procjenjivana koordinacija, agilnost, ravnoteža, eksplozivna jakost, izometrička snaga i brzina. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da ne postoji velika razlika među spolovima s obzirom na to da su u istraživanoj razvojnoj fazi razlike između dječaka i djevojčica minimalne ili gotovo ne postoje. Rezultatima je utvrđeno da postoji negativna povezanost između indeksa tjelesne mase i pojedinih PREFIT testova., In this thesis,there are described concepts of growth and development as well as evolvent of physical growth through the stages of maturation phases. Also, all the tests of the PREFIT battery of tests that were conducted in the research to assess the physical fitness of preschool children are described. The goal of this research is to determine the development of physical fitness and the interrelationship of individual abilities, as well as gender differences in them in preschool children. 39 children (21 boys and 18 girls) of preschool age with an average age of 6.28 from two kindergartens in Osijek participated in the research. The PREFIT battery of tests was used to assess coordination, agility, balance, explosive strength, isometric strength and speed. The research found that there is no difference between the sexes, considering that at this developmental stage the differences between boys and girls are minimal or almost non-existent. The results showed that there is a negative correlation between body mass index and some PREFIT tests.

Recikliranje i ponovno korištenje svih vrsta otpada je smjer u kojemu industrija i poljoprivreda idu posljednjih nekoliko godina. Zbrinjavanje otpada na ekološki prihvatljiv, a također ekonomski isplativ način je sve veći problem na razini globalne vinarske industrije i poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Poljoprivrednici se sve više potiču na povećanu gnojidbu organskim gnojivima kako bi dodatno očuvali kvalitetu i plodnost svojih poljoprivrednih površina. Direktnim unošenjem vinogradarskog tropa u tlo bez prethodnih postupaka, tretmana ili kompostiranja kojima bi se pretvorio u za biljku prihvatljiv oblik načinila bi se velika šteta samom tlu i biljkama. Stoga, istražuju se načini ekološki prihvatljivog i ekonomski isplativog zbrinjavanja vinogradarskog tropa te ponovnog korištenja. Sukladno, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi potencijal i/ili fitotoksični učinak vinogradarskog tropa na rast i razvoj presadnica bosiljka i matovilca. Tijekom istraživanja, praćeni su morflološki pokazatelji rasta i razvoja, a primijenjeni su omjeri 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 te kontrolni tretman (komercijalni supstrat). Nakon završetka pokusa na presadnicama bosiljka analizirani su podatci o visini biljke, broju listova, te masi listova i stabljike. U slučaju matovilca zabilježen su podatci o postotku klijavosti te broju i masi lišća u svježem stanju. Utvrđeno je da primjena vinogradarskog tropa ima utjecaj na morfološke parametre rasta i razvoja biljaka. Na primjeru bosiljka primijećen je i fitostimulativni učinak kod tretmana 3:1 gdje su biljke imale znatno veću masu lista i stabljike u odnosu na kontrolni tretman. Matovilac je u tretmanu 1:1 je imao najveći postotak nicanja dok je u svim ostalim tretmanima u usporedbi s kontrolom imao veću masu listića. Sukladno rezultatima ovog istraživanja, primjena vinogradarskog tropa ima pozitivne ili negativne učinke na rast i razvoj bosiljka i matovilca što ovisi o količini tropa koji se dodaje u mješavinu. Također, učinci su ovisni i o vrsti te različite vrste podnose veći ili manji udio kompostiranog vinogradarskog tropa kao medija uzgoja., Recycling and reuse of all types of waste is the direction in which industry and agriculture have been heading for the last few years. Disposal of waste in an environmentally acceptable and also economically profitable way is a growing problem at the level of the global wine industry and agricultural production. Farmers are increasingly encouraged to increase fertilization with organic fertilizers in order to further preserve the quality and fertility of their agricultural land and soil. By directly introducing the grape pomace into the soil without previous procedures, treatment or composting to turn it into a plant-acceptable form, great damage would be done to the soil itself and the plants. Therefore, ways of ecologically acceptable and economically profitable disposal of the grape pomace and its reuse are being constantly investigated. Accordingly, the aim of this research was to determine the potential and/or phytotoxic effect of grape pomace on the growth and development of basil and corn salad seedlings. During the research, morphological indicators of growth and development were monitored where ratios of commercial substrate and pomace 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 as well as control treatment (commercial substrate) were applied. After the end of the experiment on the basil transplants, the data of plant height, number of leaves as well as leaves and stems fresh and dry weight recorded. In the case of corn salad, emergence percentage and the total number and weight of fresh leaves were recorded. It was found that the application of the grape pomace influenced on the morphological parameters of plant growth and development. On the example of basil, a phytostimulative effect was observed in the 3:1 treatment, where the plants had a significantly higher leaves and stems weight compared to the control treatment. Corn salad in the ratio or treatment 1:1 had the highest percentage of emergence, while in all other treatments higher leaves weight compared to control. According to the results of this research, the application of grape pomace has positive or negative effects on the growth and development of basil and corn salad, which depends on the amount of pomace added to the mixture. Also, the effects depended on the species, and different species can tolerate a higher or lower proportion of composted grape pomace as a growing medium.

Veliki utjecaj na gospodarstvo određene zemlje ima poduzetništvo. Poduzetništvo se temelji na osobnoj slobodi, pravu nasljedstva, pravu vlasništva, slobodi poduzetništva i tržišnoj slobodi. Poduzetništvo predstavlja poslovni poduhvat kojim se ostvaruje profit, a uključuje određene rizike. Kada poduzetnik uspostavlja poduzeće vrlo je važno formiranje strategije poslovanja te uz nju definiranje vizije, misije i ciljeva. U tu svrhu procjenjuju se mogući rizici i istražuje tržište. Smanjenje rizika i dostizanje ciljeva olakšano je implementacijom svih funkcija poduzetništva pod koje spadaju organiziranje, vođenje, planiranje, upravljanje ljudskim resursima i kontrola. Poduzetništvo se s obzirom na veličinu poduzeća može podijeliti na malo, srednje i veliko. Malo i srednje poduzetništvo značajno utječe na gospodarski rast i razvoj Republike Hrvatske otvaranjem novih radnih mjesta i smanjenjem broja nezaposlenih osoba, svojim inovativnim aktivnostima povećavaju konkurentnost gospodarstva te se lakše i brže prilagođavaju promjenama u okolini. Kako bi utjecaj malog i srednjeg poduzetništva na rast i razvoj gospodarstva bio značajniji, potrebno bi bilo provesti važne strukturne reforme. Entrepreneurship has an enormous impact on an economy of a state. It is based on personal freedom, right of inheritance, right of ownership, freedom of entrepreneurship and market freedom. Entrepreneurship is a business venture that generates profit and it involves certain risks. When an entrepreneur establishes a company, it is mostly important for an entrepreneur to form a business strategy and, along with it, define the vision, mission and goals. For this purpose, possible risks are assessed and the market is investigated. Reducing risks and achieving goals is facilitated by the implementation of all functions of entrepreneurship, which include planning, organizing, leading, managing human resources and controlling. Based on the size of the company, entrepreneurs are classified as small, medium and large.Small and medium enterprises significantly influence the economic growth and development of the Republic of Croatia by creating new jobs and reducing the number of unemployed persons, increasing the competitiveness of the economy with their innovative activities and adapting more easily and quickly to the environmental changes. Small and medium-sized enterprises would make a more significant impact on economic growth and development ifthere were to be implemented important structural reforms.

U promicanju zdravlja kroz zdravstvenu zaštitu djece važno mjesto zauzimaju preventivne mjere u cilju optimizacije rasta i razvoja djece školske dobi. Fiziološki kod djece školske dobi javljaju se različite psihosomatske promjene. Upravo sistematsko praćenje rasta i razvoja djece osnova je za poduzimanje pravovremenih odgovarajućih medicinskih intervencija u cilju osiguranja zdravlja. Medicinska sestra ima važnu ulogu u neometanom pružanju sveobuhvatnih zdravstvenih usluga školskoj djeci i mladima. Sve veći broj učenika ulazi u škole s kroničnim zdravstvenim stanjima koja zahtijevaju upravljanje tijekom školskog dana. Uloga medicinske sestre kao člana multidisciplinarnog tima je pružanje preventivne skrbi, rano prepoznavanje problema, provođenje intervencija i pružanje preporuka za poticanje zdravstvenog i obrazovnog uspjeha. Za optimalnu brigu o djeci važni su čimbenici uspjeha, priprema, kontinuirano obrazovanje i odgovarajuće osoblje te medicinske sestre. Daju se preporuke kako bi se olakšao radni odnos između medicinske sestre i djeteta zajedno sa članovima njegove obitelji. Cilj rada je opisati rast i razvoj djece školske dobi, znakove rizičnog ponašanja, zaštitu od zaraznih bolesti, prehranu, opisati standarde i smjernice za praćenje istih s naglaskom na ulogu medicinske sestre u pružanju skrbi. In the promotion of health through the health care of children, an important place is occupied by preventive measures aimed at optimizing the growth and development of school-age children. Physiologically, school-aged children experience various psychosomatic changes. Precisely the systematic monitoring of the growth and development of children is the basis for undertaking timely and appropriate medical interventions in order to ensure health. The nurse plays an important role in the uninterrupted provision of comprehensive health services to school children and young people. An increasing number of students are entering schools with chronic health conditions that require management during the school day. The role of the nurse as a member of the multidisciplinary team is to provide preventive care, early identification of problems, implementation of interventions and recommendations to encourage health and educational success. Preparation, continuing education and appropriate staff and nurses are important success factors for optimal child care. Recommendations are given to facilitate the working relationship between the nurse and the child together with his family members. The aim of the paper is to describe the growth and development of school-age children, signs of risky behavior, protection against infectious diseases, nutrition, to describe standards and guidelines for monitoring them with an emphasis on the role of the nurse in providing care.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi fitotoksični utjecaj vinogradarskog tropa na rast i razvoj presadnica rajčice i paprike. Vinogradarski trop je heterogena mješavina sjemenki, kožice, pulpe i manji dio peteljki koja nastaje nakon procesa prešanja grožđa. Rastom vinske industrije povećava se problem zbrinjavanja ovog krutog otpada, te vinari i znanstvenici pokušavaju pronaći učinkovitu metodu recikliranja i zbrinjavanja tropa. U istraživanju je posijano sjeme rajčice i paprike, te se pratio rast i razvoj do faze presadnica. Nakon završetka pokusa, izmjereni su sljedeći morfološki parametri presadnica: broj listova, visina stabljike, svježa masa stabljike, lista i korijena, te suha masa stabljike, lista i korijena. Nakon statističke analize podataka utvrđeno je da primjena vinogradarskog tropa utječe na pojedine parametre rasta i razvoj biljaka. Tretman 1:1 imao je najveći broja listova, visinu biljaka te najveću svježu masu stabljike, lista i korijena kod rajčice u usporedbi s kontrolom i ostalim tretmanima. Suha masa stabljike, lista i korijena rajčice nisu bili pod utjecajem tretmana s primjenom vinogradarskog tropa. Kod paprike, tretmani s vinogradarskim tropom nisu utjecali na povećanje broja listova i visine stabljike. Također, tretmani s primjenom vinogradarskog tropa nisu utjecali na povećanje svježe i suhe mase stabljike i lista paprike. Može se zaključiti da tretmani s primjenom vinogradarskog tropa imaju utjecaj na pojedine morfološke pokazatelje rasta i razvoja, ovisno o kojoj se kulturi radi., The aim of this study was to determine the phytotoxic effect of grape pomace on growth and development of tomato and pepper seedlings. The grape pomace is heterogeneous mixture of seeds, skin, pulp and small part of the stalks that is formed after the process of pressing grapes. The growth of the wine industry increases the problem of disposal of this solid waste, and winemakers and scientists are trying to find an effective method of recycling and disposal of the pomace. In this study, tomato and pepper seeds were sown, and growth and development were monitored until the transplant stage. After the experiment was completed, certain morphological parameters of seedlings were measured: the number of leaves, stem height, fresh mass of stem, leaves and roots, and dry mass of stem, leaves and roots. After statistical analysis of the data, it was determined that the application of grape pomace affects certain parameters of plant growth and development. The 1: 1 treatment had the highest number of leaves, plant height and the highest fresh stem, leaf and root mass in tomatoes compared to control and other treatments. The dry mass of the stem, leaves and roots of the tomato was not affected by the grape pomace treatment. In the case of peppers, treatments with the grape pomace did not increase the number of leaves and the height of the stem. Also, treatments with the application of grape pomace did not affect the increase of fresh and dry mass of stems and leaves of peppers. It can be concluded that treatments with the application of grape pomace have an impact on certain morphological indicators of growth and development, depending on the culture.

Sportska i tjelesna aktivnost jedne su od iznimno važnih potreba našeg organizma bez kojeg bi se naše tijelo nepravilno razvijalo. Pozitivni učinci bavljenja djece i mladih sportskom aktivnošću pružaju iznimno bitnu psihičku i zdravstvenu dobrobit za pravilan rast i razvoj djeteta. Na pravilan rast i razvoj djeteta utječu genetski i stečeni okolinski čimbenici od genetskih faktora rasta, spola, sezonskih varijacija, ekoloških uvjeta, rase, prehrane, bolesti, sekularnog porasta do društvenog i imovinskog stanja obitelji. Visina i masa djeteta te stupanj zrelosti i biološka dob razvijaju se i mijenjaju tijekom razvojnih dobi djeteta. Motorički razvoj dojenčeta kroz primitivne i posturalne reflekse te kroz elementarne pokrete stabilnosti, kretanja i kontrole šake razvijaju i ostvaruju osnovne pokrete koji su važni za daljnji doticaj s okolinom i razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti od dječje dobi do završetka rasta i razvoja. Odabir sporta i dob uključenja djeteta prvotno ovisi o razvijenim sposobnostima i vještinama te o odabranom sportu i njegovim izazovima. Također, pri odabiru potrebno je u obzir uzeti djetetove želje, interese, osobnosti i potencijale. Osim djeteta, pri uključenju i odabiru sportske aktivnosti, važnu ulogu imaju i roditelji. Najvažnija uloga roditelja je motivacija djeteta te ustrajnost i podrška u odabranoj sportskoj aktivnosti. Sjedilački način života djece i mladih postao je globalni problem. Danas, gotovo sva djeca sportske i tjelesne aktivnosti zamjenjuju dugotrajnim sjedenjem i korištenjem moderne tehnologije. Dugotrajno sjedenje utječe na kralježnicu i posturu te na prekomjernu tjelesnu težinu djece i mladih. Fizioterapija kao dio medicinske znanosti, ima iznimno bitnu ulogu u edukaciji te održavanju i unaprjeđivanju pokretljivosti i zdravstvenih navika. Fizioterapeut kao promotor zdravlja, kroz edukaciju i podizanje svijesti o važnosti aktivnosti utječe na djecu i mlade te ih ujedno educira o štetnosti sjedilačkog načina života. Sports and physical activity are extremely important needs of our organism, without which our body would not develop properly. The positive effects of children and young people playing sports provide extremely important psychological and health benefits for the proper growth and development of the child. The proper growth and development of a child is influenced by genetic and acquired environmental factors, from genetic growth factors, sex, seasonal variations, environmental conditions, race, nutrition, disease, secular growth to the social and property status of the family. The child's height and mass, as well as the degree of maturity and biological age develop and change during the child's developmental years. Motor development of infants through primitive and postural reflexes and through elementary movements of stability, movement and control of the hand develop and realize basic movements that are important for further contact with the environment and the development of motor skills from childhood until the end of growth and development. The choice of sport and the age of the child's involvement primarily depends on the developed abilities and skills, as well as on the chosen sport and its challenges. Also, when choosing, it is necessary to take into account the child's wishes, interests, personality and potential. In addition to the child, parents also play an important role in the inclusion and selection of sports activities. The most important role of the parents is the motivation of the child and perseverance and support in the chosen sports activity. The sedentary lifestyle of children and young people has become a global problem. Today, almost all children replace sports and physical activities with prolonged sitting and the use of modern technology. Long-term sitting affects the spine and posture, as well as the overweight of children and young people. Physiotherapy, as a part of medical science, plays an extremely important role in education and maintaining and improving mobility and health habits. A physiotherapist, as a health promoter, influences children and young people through education and raising awareness of the importance of activity and at the same time educates them about the harmful effects of a sedentary lifestyle.

Rad se bavi važnošću bavljenja fizičkim aktivnostima djece predškolske dobi i to prvenstveno kroz sportske programe u vrtićima. Fokus je na isticanju pozitivnih utjecaja sportskih aktivnosti na cjelokupan rast i razvoj djeteta. Teorijski dio rada obuhvaća karakteristike sportskih programa te njihovu izvedbu, prikazuje dobrobiti sportskih programa za dijete te se osvrće na utjecaj sportskih programa i na spremnost djeteta za školu. Glavni dio rada je istraživanje provedeno anketnim upitnikom na roditeljima djece predškolske dobi. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da se ispitanici uglavnom slažu u isticanju važnosti fizičkih aktivnosti kod djeteta, ali isto tako rezultati daju uvid u to da sportski programi u vrtićima nisu zastupljeni u mjeri u kojoj bi roditelji željeli. Istraživanjem je također utvrđeno da izrazito mali broj djece ispitanika pohađa sportski program u vrtiću., he paper deals with the importance of engaging in physical activities of preschool children, primarily through the sports program in kindergartens. The focus is on highlighting the positive effects of sports activities on the overall growth and development of the child. The theoretical part of the paper includes the characteristics of sports programs and their performance, shows the benefits of sports programs for children and looks at the impact of sports programs and the child's readiness for school. The main part of the paper is a survey conducted with a questionnaire on parents of preschool children. The results of the research indicate that the respondents generally agree in emphasizing the importance of physical activities in children, but also the results provide insight that sports programs in kindergartens are not represented to the extent that parents would like. The research also found that a very small number of children surveyed attend a sports program in kindergarten.

Redovite sportske aktivnosti imaju brojne blagotvorne čimbenike na kognitivne i tjelesne sposobnosti djece. Najvažnije je provoditi rekreativnu naviku u ranoj dobi djece koja bi pomogla u postizanju radnih navika i discipline. Učenje motoričkih vještina u predškolskoj dobi događa se istovremeno ili kroz svakodnevne interakcije s djecom i odgojiteljima. Tijekom predškolske godine rast mišićno-koštanog i živčanog sustava presudno je razdoblje u kojem odgojitelji moraju djecu usmjeravati na ispravan način tjelesnog odgoja koji su preduvjeti za cjelovit i ispravan rast djece. Dobro je poznato da djeca koja su više uključena u tjelesne aktivnosti imaju bolje socijalne vještine, bolje se nose sa stresom i zadacima koji su im postavljeni. U 21. stoljeću stres je četvrti vodeći faktor rizika za smrt u svijetu. Uzimajući tu činjenicu u obzir, predškolske bi ustanove trebale biti među prvima koje promiču tjelesnu aktivnost. Kineziološkim aktivnostima djeca ispunjavaju najvažniju potrebu, a to je nedostatak socijalne povezanosti s drugom djecom. Uvodni dio ovog rada bavi se antropološkim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima djece rane i predškolske dobi. Rad također sadrži pregled dosadašnjih istraţivanja o učincima kinezioloških programa na djecu. Cilj ovog rada je usporedbom dviju skupina (kontrolne i eksperimentalne) utvrditi utjecaj petomjesečnog kineziološkog programa na kinantropološki status djece. Obje skupine djece koja sudjeluju u ovom istraţivanju pohađaju privatni vrtić Čarobni Pianino u Splitu, Hrvatska. U jednoj se skupini tijekom jutarnjeg desetosatnog programa dva puta tjedno s kineziologom provodio integrirani sportski program, a u drugoj popodnevnoj redoviti edukativni petosatni program. Istraživanje nije potvrdilo statistički značajne razlike nakon provedbe kineziološkog programa u korist eksperimentalne skupine. Pronađen je pozitivan pomak u izmjerenim varijablama kinantropološkog statusa djece i u eksperimentalnoj i u kontrolnoj skupini. Djeca iz eksperimentalne skupine također su pokazala napredak, posebno u pogledu njihove fleksibilnosti. Pri planiranju kinezioloških programa treba uzeti u obzir intenzivniji program duljeg trajanja kako bi se postigle transformacije kinantropološkog statusa djece. Regular sport activity has many beneficial factors on both cognitive and physical abilities of children. It's of the most importance to implement a recreational habit at an early age of children which would help at achieving working habits and discipline. Learning motoric skills at a preschool age happens simultaneously or through everyday interactions with children and educators. During the preschool year's the growth of musculoskeletal and nervous systems is the crucial period where educators must direct the children the right way of physical education which are prerequisites for the children's complete and correct growth. It is well known that children who are more involved in physical activities have better social skills, deal better with stress and tasks that are set in front of them. In 21st century stress is the 4th leading risk factor for the death in the world. Taking that fact into consideration, preschool institutions should be among the first to promote physical activity. Through kinesiological activities children fulfil the most important need which is the lack of social bonding with other children. The introductory part of this thesis deals with the anthropological characteristics and motor abilities of children of early and preschool age. The paper also contains an overview of previous research on the effects of kinesiology programs on children. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of a five-month kinesiology program on the kinanthropological status of children by comparing two groups (controlled and experimental). Both groups of children taking part in this research attend the private kindergarten Čarobni Pianino (Magical Pianino) in Split, Croatia. In one group, an integrated sports program was conducted during the morning ten-hour program twice a week with a kinesiologist, and in the other group, a regular educational five-hour program was conducted in the afternoon. The study did not confirm statistically significant differences after the implementation of the kinesiology program in favor of the experimental group. A positive shift was found in the measured variables of the kinanthropological status of children in both the experimental and controlled group. Children from of the experimental group also showed progress, especially in terms of their flexibility. When planning kinesiology programs, it should be taken into consideration to make more intensive program of longer duration in order to achieve transformations of the kinanthropological status of children.

Rukomet je sport u kojemu dobra izvedba ovisi o razvijenosti motoričkih sposobnosti igrača. Uspjeh se u rukometu ostvaruje tako da svaki igrač odrađuje zadatke koje od njega zahtjeva pozicija koju igra. Ti se zahtjevi s vremenom mijenjaju i zbog toga je pravilno planiran i programiran trening vrlo važan u razvoju motoričkih sposobnosti igrača s obzirom na poziciju koju igra, ali i s obzirom na njegovu dob. Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi postoji li statistički značajna razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima rukometašica prema poziciji koju igraju. Uzorak ispitanica sastojao se od 59 perspektivnih igračica koje su nastupale za hrvatske klubove (dob = 14,01±05 godina, tjelesna visina = 165,4±6,14 cm, tjelesna masa = 57,52±6,93 kg). Svaka je ispitanica mjerena u 12 motoričkih testova. Za procjenu agilnosti to su: koraci u stranu (MAGKU), kretanje unutar dva trokuta (MAG2TR) i 93639OK s okretom za 180 stupnjeva (MAG90OK), za procjenu eksplozivne snage tipa sprinta: trčanje na 5m, 10m i 20m (MES5m, MES10m, MES20m) te za procjenu eksplozivne snage tipa skoka: skok u vis s pripremom (MESCMJ), skok u dalj s mjesta (MESSDM), Sarget 1 skok s mjesta (MESSAR1), skokovi iz stopala – visina, snaga i vrijeme kontakta i podloge (MESRJ, MESRJPa, MESRJRt). Rezultati dobiveni univarijantnom analizom varijance pokazuju da su dobivene statistički značajne razlike u pet varijabli. Kod maksimalne brzine kretanja s okretom za 180 stupnjeva (MAG9OK) najbolje rezultate postižu krilne, zatim vanjske te potom kružne igračice. Kada govorimo o maksimalnoj brzini kretanja na 5m (MES05m), maksimalnoj brzini kretanja na 10m (MES10m) te maksimalnoj brzini kretanja na 20m (MES20m), najbolje rezultate ponovno postižu krilne, zatim vanjske pa tek onda kružne igračice. Konačno, u testu maksimalne visine skoka s pripremom (MESCMJ) najbolje su krilne igračice, potom kružne pa vanjske igračice. Navedeni rezultati, u kojima su vidljive razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima igračica prema poziciji koju igraju, pokazuju da trening mora biti usmjeren razvoju motoričkog potencijala svakog igrača, kako bi se kasnije mogao nadograđivati, a igrač doseći vrhunsku razinu. Handball is a sport in which a good performance depends on the development of the player´s motor skills. Success is in handball achieved in a way that every player does the tasks required of him, based on the position he plays. These requirements change over time, therefore properly planned and programmed training is very important in the development of the player's motor skills, taking into consideration the position they play, as well as their age. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the handball players´ motor skills, according to the position they play. The sample consisted of 59 promising players who played for Croatian clubs (age = 14.01±05 years, body height = 165.4±6.14 cm, body weight = 57.52±6.93 kg). Each player was examined in 12 motor tests. To assess agility: steps to the side (MAGKU), movement within two triangles (MAG2TR) and 93639OK with 180 degrees turn (MAG90OK), to estimate the explosive power of the sprint type: running at 5m, 10m and 20m (MES05m, MES10m, MES20m) and for the explosive power jump type assessment: high jump with preparation (MESCMJ), long jump from place (MESSDM) Sarget 1 jump from place (MESSAR1), foot jumps – height, power and time of contact and base (MESRJ, MESRJPa, MESRJRt). The results obtained by univariant analysis of variance show that statistically significant differences have been displayed in five variables. Firstly, the maximum speed of movement with a turn of 180 degrees (MAG9OK) is the one where the best results are achieved by wing, then backs players, and then pivots. When it comes to the maximum speed of movement at 5m (MES05m), maximum speed of movement at 10m (MES10m) and maximum speed of movement at 20m (MES20m), the best results, again, are achieved by wing, then backs and lastly, pivots. Finally, the test maximum height of the preparation jump (MESCMJ) has resulted in wing players being the best, followed by pivots, and then back players. To conclude, these results prove that the differences in the players´ motor skills based on the position they play are visible and prominent. That means that the training must be aimed at the development of the motor potential of each player, which can gradually be upgraded, while the player can reach the top level of his performance.

Istraživanje je provedeno u Požegi 2019. godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio proučiti utjecaj vlažnosti supstrata na rast i kvalitetu; broj cvjetova/biljci, broj grana/biljci, visinu biljke, masu svježeg cvijeta, zelenu nadzemnu masu te promjer cvijeta (Tagetes erecta L.) i petunije (Petunia hybrida L.). Istraživanje je postavljeno prema slučajnom blok rasporedu u tri ponavljanja. Tretmani navodnjavanja su bili: a1 = 70 %, a2 = 85 % i a3 = 100 % retencijskog kapaciteta (RK). Prema rezultatima istraživanja tretmani navodnjavanja kod kadifice su značajno utjecali na masu svježeg cvjeta, zelenu nadzemnu masu i promjer cvijeta. Što se tiče petunije, prema rezultatima istraživanja značajan veći broj cvjetova, broj grana i promjer cvjetova na tretmanu navodnjavanja s najvećom normom navodnjavanja. Nije bilo značajne razlike u visini biljaka kod obje vrste biljaka. Promatrani parametri su linearno rasli povećanjem obroka navodnjavanja, The research was conducted in Požega in 2019. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of substrate moisture on growth and quality; number of flowers / plant, number of branches / plant, plant height, fresh flower mass, green aboveground mass and diameter of flower (Tagetes erecta L.) and petunia (Petunia hybrida L.). The study was set up according to a random block schedule in three replicates. Irrigation treatments were: a1 = 70%, a2 = 85% and a3 = 100% retention capacity (RK). According to the results of the research, irrigation treatments in merigold significantly affected the mass of fresh flower, green aboveground mass and flower diameter. As for the petunia, according to the results of the study significantly higher number of flowers, number of branches and diameter of flowers on the irrigation treatment with the highest rate of irrigation. There was no significant difference in plant height in both plant species. The observed parameters increased linearly with increasing irrigation rate.

U ovom završnom radu naglasak je bio na antropološkim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima čije smo testove opisali i prilagodili djeci predškolske dobi. Opisano je inicijalno i završno mjerenje djece predškolske dobi nakon provedbe dvomjesečnog kineziološkog programa. Dobivenim rezultatima ukazalo se na pozitivne promjene u antropometrijskim karakteristikama kao i motoričkim sposobnostima. Cilj ovog rada bio je dati uvid u važnost bavljenja kineziološkom aktivnošću od najranije dobi. Takva aktivnost unaprjeđuje razvoj djeteta, njegovu sposobnost te motorička znanja. Dijete danas gledamo kao cjelovito biće. Njegov razvoj je složena pojava kroz pojedine aspekte razvoja te je, kao takva, bitno saznanje djetetovih razvojnih osobina i sposobnosti. Kineziološka aktivnost najvažnija je u ranoj fazi razvoja. Pregledom prijašnjih istraživanja rezultati su pokazali da djeca koja se bave sportom te aktivno sudjeluju najmanje dva puta tjedno u treningu imaju bolje rezultate u motoričkim sposobnostima. Fizička aktivnost je ljudska potreba i važno je upozoravati na posljedice nedovoljnog kretanja koje najčešće dovodi do zdravstvenih problema u budućnosti. Za izradu ovog diplomskog rada i provođenja istraživanja korištena je stručna literatura, znanstveni članci i radovi te razgovori sa stručnim osobama, profesorima, odgojiteljima, učiteljima, kineziolozima, a posebno mentoricom kojoj se od srca zahvaljujem na izboru, podršci i pozitivnom stavu., In this final paper, the emphasis was on anthropological characteristics and motor abilities whose tests we described and adapted to preschool children. The initial and final measurement of preschool children after the implementation of a two-month kinesiology program is described. The obtained results indicated positive changes in anthropometric characteristics as well as motor abilities. The aim of this paper was to provide insight into the importance of engaging in kinesiological activity from an early age. Such activity improves the child's development, his ability and motor skills. We see the child today as a whole being. Its development is a complex phenomenon through certain aspects of development and, as such, it is important to know the child's developmental characteristics and abilities. Kinesiological activity is most important in the early stages of development. A review of previous research has shown that children who play sports and actively participate in training at least twice a week have better results in motor skills. Physical activity is a human need and it is important to warn of the consequences of insufficient exercise that most often leads to health problems in the future. Professional literature, scientific articles and papers, as well as conversations with professionals, professors, educators, teachers, kinesiologists, and especially the mentor, whom I thank from the bottom of my heart for the choice, support and positive attitude, were used to prepare this thesis and conduct research.

Kineziološka aktivnost odnosi se na bilo kakvo kretanje i aktivnosti pojedinca kojima je cilj unapređivanje zdravlja i stvaranje zdravih navika. Ukoliko se aktivnosti pravilno i redovno provode, utoliko je moguće utjecati na bilo koje antropološko obilježje koje rezultira pozitivnim promjenama. Kineziološke aktivnosti u većoj ili manjoj mjeri utječu na morfološke i sociološke karakteristike te funkcionalne, kognitivne, konativne i motoričke sposobnosti. S druge strane, izostanak kinezioloških aktivnosti dovodi do negativnih posljedica kao što su gubitak mišićne mase, pretilost, deformacije kralježnice, ravna stopala i razne druge. One ne nastaju slučajno i preko noći, već je potrebno neko određeno vrijeme neaktivnosti da bi se one pojavile. Također izostanak kinezioloških aktivnosti narušava mentalno stanje djeteta te se javlja depresija, nisko samopouzdanje i niz negativnih emocija. Zbog svega navedenoga izuzetno je važno početi provoditi kineziološke aktivnosti od najranije dobi djeteta, a za to su odgovorne ustanove u kojima borave, u ovom slučaju škole. Osobe koje su zadužene za realizaciju tih aktivnosti trebaju biti svjesne u kojoj mjeri su one odgovorne za rast i razvoj učenika i koliko će to ostaviti pozitivnih ili negativnih posljedica u njihovom kasnijem životu. Prilikom osmišljavanja aktivnosti učitelji trebaju ponuditi učenicima što veći i zanimljiviji sadržaj koji je prilagođen njihovom uzrastu i sposobnostima te uvažavati njihove želje i interese., Kinesiological activity refers to any movement and activity of an individual whose goal is to improve health and create healthy habits. If the activities are carried out correctly and regularly, it is possible to influence any anthropological feature that results in positive changes. Kinesiological activities to a greater or lesser extent affect morphological and sociological characteristics and functional, cognitive, conative and motor abilities. On the other hand, the absence of kinesiological activities leads to negative consequences such as loss of muscle mass, obesity, spinal deformities, flat feet and various others. They do not occur accidentally or overnight, but it takes some time of inactivity for them to appear. Also, the absence of kinesiological activities disturbs the mental state of the child, and depression, low self-confidence and a number of negative emotions occur. Due to all the above, it is extremely important to start carrying out kinesiological activities from the earliest age of the child, and the institutions in which they spend time are responsible for that, in this case schools. People in charge of carrying out these activities should be aware of the extent to which they are responsible for the growth and development of students and how much positive or negative consequences this will leave in later life. When designing activities, teachers should offer students the largest and most interesting content that is adapted to their age and abilities, and respect their wishes and interests.

U istraživanju se obrađuju temeljna obilježja franšiznog poslovanja. Franšizno poslovanje predstavlja jednu od značajnih strategija ekspanzije i internacionalizacije po slovanja. Specifičnost odnosa između davatelja i primatelja franšize poseban je razlog odabira predmeta istraživanja. Ciljevi rada su prikazati pojmovne značajke i vrste franšize te elemente ugovora o franšizi kao i ukazati na značajke franšiznog poslovanja u RH na temelju analize studija slučajeva. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je franšizno poslovanje fleksibilan oblik provedbe strategije ekspanzije poduzeća, a prikladno je za renomirana poduzeća koja imaju razvijenu svijest kupaca o brandu. Takva poduzeća u svojstvu davatelja franšize značajno smanjuju rizike poslovanja poduzetnicima koji su u svojstvu primatelja franšize. Prepreke u sustavnijem razvoju franšiznog poslovanja u RH su nedovoljna ulaganja u razvoj svijesti kupaca o brandovima i strategiju diferencijacije te neprilagođenost visine financijskih naknada poduzetnicima u RH kao potencijalnim primateljima franšize., The research deals with basic features of franchise business model. Franchising is one of the most important strategies of expansion and internationalization of business. The specificity of the relationship between the franchisee and the recipient is a particular reason for choosing the subject of the research. The aim of the paper is to show the conceptual features and types of franchises and the elements of the franchise agreement as well as to point out the features of the franchise business in the Republic of Croatia based on the analysis of case studies. Research results show that franchise business is a flexible form of enterprise expansion strategy, and is suitable for reputable companies that have a we ll -developed brand awareness. Such companies as a franchise provider significantly reduce the risks of doing business to entrepreneurs who are franchise recipients. The obstacles to more systematic development of franchise business in the Republic of Croat ia are insufficient investment in brand awareness and differentiation strategy and inadequacy of financial compensation for entrepreneurs in the Republic of Croatia as potential recipients of the franchise.

Ovaj završni rad sadrži teorijski pregled osobina razvojne dobi djece, antropološko-fiziološke i motoričke osobine dječjeg razvoja koje je neophodno poznavati ukoliko radimo s djecom. Osim teorijskog pregleda, cilj je bio ukazati na važnost igre, koja je najprirodniji oblik učenja i djetetu je neizbježna i neophodna. Olimpijski festival dječjih vrtića primjer je projekta u kojemu se promiče sportski duh, naglašava važnost kretanja i tjelesne aktivnost. Osim zadovoljavanja potrebe za kretanjem, djeca se socijaliziraju, nauče se nositi s porazom ali svakako osjećaju zadovoljstvo. Provedba kinezioloških aktivnosti zahtjeva poznavanje osobina, razvoja i rasta djece, te naravno poštivanje i razumijevanje djetetovih mogućnosti., This final thesis contains a theoretical overview of characteristics of children's developmental age, anthropological-physiological and motor characteristics which are crucial for working with kids. Aside from the theoretical overview, the main couse was to show importnace of children's play, which is the most natural way of learning and is inevitable. The Olympic Festival for preschool children is an excelent example of project that promotes sport spirit and highlights the importance of motion and physical acitivites. Besides satisfying the need for motion, children are socialising, learning how to deal with loss and they definitely feel satisfaction. The implemetation of kinesiological activities demands knowing performances, growth and development, and ofcourse, respecting and understanding children's needs.

Ovim završnim radom sam nastojala prikazati problem pretile djece u predškolskoj dobi osobito na području Hrvatske, uključujući i neke gradove u njoj, jer se zadnjih godina broj pretile djece znatno povećao. Zbog manjka tjelesne aktivnosti, sjedilačkog načina života te sve veća konzumacija proizvoda brze hrane dolazi do toga da je pretilost kod djece predškolske dobi u današnje vrijeme jedan od globalnih problema. Pretilost je zapravo bolest, i zbog nje djeca imaju sve većih poteškoća u rastu i razvoju. U radu su navedeni najčešći uzroci nastanka pretilosti kod djece, što se može dogoditi ako se ne poduzmu neke mjere te kako na ispravan način uz pomoć projekta, roditelja te pravilne prehrane kod djece riješiti taj problem. Cilj ovog rada je zapravo ukazati drugima kako je ovaj problem dosta zastupljen u Republici Hrvatskoj te imaju li odgojno-obrazovne ustanove ikakvog lošeg utjecaja u nastajanju pretilosti kod djece. Također, ovim radom se nastoji osvijestiti odrasle osobe. jer zbog njihove nedovoljne informiranosti o zdravoj prehrani, te kako pomoći i pristupiti ovom problemu, djeca snose posljedice na način da problem s pretilošću prenose u njihovu odraslu dob., In this final paper I tried to show the problem of obese children of pre-school age especially on the area of the Republic of Croatia and some of it's cities, because the number of obese children has risen greatly in the last few years. Because of the lack of physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle and increased consumption of fast food products we have reached a stage where pre-school obesity is a global problem. Obesity is actually a disease, and because of it children have problems with growth and development. The most common causes of obesity in children, what happens if proper measures aren't taken, and how this problem can be solved with the help of the project, parents and a proper diet are all listed in this paper. The goal of this paper is to show how common this problem is in Croatia and if educational institutions have any negative impacts in causing obesity in children. Also the goal of this paper is to raise awareness in adults. It is because of their lack of knowledge on healthy diets, and on how to approach this problem that children face the consequences through brining obesity with them into adulthood

Aktivno bavljenje sportom omogućuje čovjeku razvoj različitih psihičkih i tjelesnih sposobnosti, poboljšanje socijalnih vještina, kvalitete života, unapređenje zdravlja, zadovoljstvo potreba za kretanjem i igrom. Uključivanjem djece u neki oblik kineziološkog programa pospješujemo njegov rast i razvoj. U ovom diplomskom radu definirane su antropološke karakteristike te motoričke sposobnosti čije smo testove opisali i prilagodili djeci rane i predškolske dobi. Pregledom prijašnjih istraživanja zaključeno je kako bavljenjem bilo kojim oblikom kineziološke aktivnosti ili određenim sportom pospješujemo djetetov rast i razvoj i u skladu s time donesene su hipoteze istraživanja. Nadalje, opisano je inicijalno i završno mjerenje djece rane i predškolske dobi eksperimentalne i kontrolne skupine nakon provedbe četveromjesečnog kineziološkog programa u eksperimentalnoj skupini te analiza razlika u njihovim varijablama. Dobiveni rezultati ukazali su na pozitivne promjene u antropometrijskim karakteristikama kao i motoričkim sposobnostima. Za potrebe pisanja ovog diplomskog rada i provođenja istraživanja korištena je stručna literatura u tiskanom i pisanom obliku, razni znanstveni članci i radovi te razgovori sa stručnim osobama, profesorima, odgojiteljima, kineziolozima i najviše mentoricom kojoj se od srca zahvaljujem na podršci i vođenju za izradu ovog rada., Active sportsman engages in the development of various mental and physical abilities, improving social skills, quality of life, improving health, satisfying the need for movement and play. Including children in some form of kinesiology program enhances its growth and development. In this graduate thesis we have defined the anthropological characteristics and the motor abilities we have described and adapted to the children of early and pre-school age. A review of previous research has concluded that by engaging in any form of kinesiological activity or by certain sport, we promote child growth and development and accordingly hypotheses of research have been made. Furthermore, initial and final measurement of early and pre-school age groups of experimental and control groups has been described after the implementation of four-month kinesiology program in the experimental group and analysis of differences in their variables. The obtained results showed positive changes in anthropometric characteristics as well as motor abilities. For the purpose of writing this diploma thesis and conducting the research specific field literature was used in written and digital form, various scientific articles and papers, as well as conversations with professionals, professors, educators, kinesiologists and most of all my mentor whom which I thank from the bottom of my heart for the support and guidance through this process.

Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj tretmana s Rivergreen®-om na rast i razvoj presadnica salate. Korištene su dvije sorte salate (Majska kraljica i Ljubljanska ledenka). Sjeme je posijano u plitice sa čistim supstratom i sa supstratom u koji je dodan pripravak Rivergreen®. Rivergreen® je pripravak koji je nastao mljevenjem kamenja podrijetlom iz Alpa koju je Drava donijela do Hrvatske te je dodatno tribomehanički aktiviran. Utvrđeno je kako je tretman s Rivergreenom® djelovao pozitivno na rast i razvoj pojedinih parametara kod ispitivanih sorata salate. Kod sorte Majska kraljica, tretman s Rivergreen-om je povećao svježu i suhu masu te broj i širinu listova. Tretman nije imao utjecaja na svježu i suhu masu sorte Ljubljanske ledenke, na dužinu listova kod obje ispitivane sorte kao i na širinu i broj listova sorte Ljubljanska ledenka. Iz ovog istraživanja možemo zaključiti da je Rivergreen® pozitivno utjecao na rast i razvoj biljaka salate, ali je odgovor biljke na tretman sortno specifičan., The aim of this study was to determine the effect of treatment with Rivergreen® on growth and development of lettuce transplants. Two varieties of salads were used (Majka kraljica and Ljubljanska ledenka) in this investigation. The sowing was done in polystyrene containers filled with a peat substrate treated with Rivergreen® or untreated as control variant. Rivergreen® is a product which is generated by milling the stones found in the river Drava (Alps sediments) and is tribomechanically activated. It was found that treatment with Rivergreen® had positive influence on the growth and development of certain parameters in the examined lettuce varieties. In the cv. Majska kraljica, Rivergreen treatment has increased the fresh and dry mass as well as the number and width of the leaves. The treatment did not have any influence on the fresh and dry mass of the cv. Ljubljanska ledenka, the leaf length at both investigated cultivars as well as the width and number of leaves of the cv. Ljubljanska ledenka. From this research, we can conclude that Rivergreen® positively influenced on the growth and development of lettuce, but the plant response to the treatment was cultivar dependent.

Istraživanje je provedeno u stakleniku „A vrt?“ u Osijeku 2018 godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je proučiti utjecaj različite vlažnosti supstrata na rast i kvalitetu cvijeta petunije (Petunia hybrida L.). Vlažnost supstrata promatrana je u tri tretmana navodnjavanja. Tretmani navodnjavanja bili su kako slijedi: a1 – vlažnost supstrata održavana je na 70 % retencijskog kapaciteta (RK), a2 – vlažnost supstrata održavana je na 85 % RK i a3 – vlažnost supstrata održavana je na 100 % RK. Istraživanje je postavljeno po slučajnom blok rasporedu u 4 ponavljanja. Tijekom istraživanja svakodnevno je bilježena srednja dnevna temperatura zraka, količina oborine, obroci navodnjavanja. Jednom tjedno je bilježen broj listova i cvjetova. Prema rezultatima istraživanja navodnjavanje je vrlo značajno (p < 0,01) utjecalo na povećanje ispitivanih svojstava. najveći broj grana, listova, cvjetova te masa cvjetova i visina biljke ostvareni su na tretmanima s najvećom normom navodnjavanja., The research was conducted in a greenhouse "A vrt?" In Osijek. The purpose of this research was to show the influence of different substrate moisture on the growth and quality of the petunia flower (Petunia hybrida L.). The substrate moisture was observed in three irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatments were as follows: a1 - substrate moisture was maintained at 70% retention capacity (RC), a2 - substrate humidity was maintained at 85% RC and a3 - substrate humidity was maintained at 100% RC. On each irrigation treatment ten plants of petunia were planted, and the research was carried out in 4 repetitions. Mean daily air temperatures, rainfall and irrigation were recorded daily during the research, and the number of leaves and flowers was recorded once a week. After the study, fresh overhead mass, root mass, plant height, number of leaves and of branches were measured. Results of this research show that irrigation had a significant impact (p < 0.01) on growth and development of petunia and that the increase in irrigation rate leads to an increase in the tested variables.

Cilj u ovom završnom radu je opisati razvoj lokomotornog sustava kod djece. Rast i razvoj su stalni dinamički procesi koji se odvijaju od začeća do pune zrelosti po redoslijedu koji je približno isti kod svih. Djeca iste životne dobi pokazuju velike razlike fizičke i psihičke zrelosti, što znači da je tempo razvoja u djece istih dobnih skupina raznolik. Sva djeca prolaze kroz fazu osifikacije, muskulizacije i mijelinizacije. Osifikacija je proces razvoja koštanog tkiva koji započinje u prenatalnom razdoblju kada od hrskavičnog tkiva postupno nastaje koštano, a završava tek u adolescenciji. U kostima predškolskoga djeteta mnogo je hrskavičnog tkiva zbog čega lako mijenjaju oblik i podložne su deformacijama. Muskulizacija je proces razvoja mišićnih vlakana koji se zbiva povećanjem mase i strukture mišića. Razvoj motorike je izravno uzrokovan procesom mijelinizacije odnosno procesom sazrijevanja živčanog tkiva. Procesi osifikacije, muskulizacije i mijelinizacije su izravno odgovorni za lokomociju djece te manifestaciju motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the development of children's locomotor system. Growth and development are permanent dynamic processes that last from the conception to the full maturity following the order which is roughly the same for everybody. Children of the same age show huge difference in their physical and mental maturity, which means that the developmental pace of children of the same age group varies. All the children undergo stages of ossification, musculisation and myelination. Ossification is the process of development of bone tissue, which begins in the prenatal period when cartilage gradually transforms into the bone tissue and ends no earlier than adolescent period. The bones of preschool child have a lot of cartilage, which is the reason why they change the shape easily and are prone to deformities. Musculisation is the process of development of muscle fibres happening as the mass and structure of muscles increase. The development of motor skills is directly caused by the process of myelination, i.e. the process of nerve tissue maturation. The process of ossification, musculisation and myelination are directly responsible for the locomotion of children and the manifestation of motor and functional abilities.

Rad se bavi utjecajem sporta na razvoj predškolskog djeteta, ali također i područjima razvoja djeteta, njegovim psihofizičkim osobinama i svemu što prethodi kvalitetnom uvođenju u sportski program ili sportske aktivnosti općenito. Sport, kao važno područje razvoja svakog djeteta, vrlo često može biti krivo protumačen ili pogrešno adaptiran na dijete predškolske dobi. Isključivanjem rezultata iz sportske aktivnosti uvelike se umanjuje stres prouzrokovan natjecateljskim tipom sporta što je veoma važno kod djece predškolske dobi zbog njihovog trenutnog kognitivnog razvoja i poimanja vlastite osobnosti te ega. Utjecaj sporta na dijete potpun je i kompleksan te se odmiče od poticanja isključivo motoričke spremnosti i sposobnosti te u skladu s time potiče i sve druge sfere djetetova razvoja. Uloga roditelja u sportu treba biti isključivo pozitivna, nagrađujuća i prepuna podrške kako bi dijete u svakom trenutku bilo sposobno procijeniti vlastitu vrijednost i na temelju toga razvijati se u potpunu i samoaktualizirajuću ličnost. This paper is exploring the influence of sport on a development of preschool child but it also discusses psychophysical characteristics and everything that precedes to quality sports program or sport activity overly. Sports, as important area od each child's development, is often wrongly assumed or wrongly adapted for the preschool child. By excluding the results from sports activity, stress from competitive part of sports is being strongly relieved which is very important for the child of preschool age because of their current cognitive development and understanding their own personality and ego. Influence of sport on the child is complete and complex and it grows much larger from just encouraging motorical readiness and ability and it strongly encourages all the other spheres of child's development. Parents role in sports has to be positive, rewarding and very supportive as child could, in every moment, be ready and capable of judging their own worth and based on that develop into a complete and self-actualizing personality.

Tjelesno vježbanje zauzima veliku važnost u djetetovom životu. Osim roditelja, razvijanje pozitivnog stava prema vježbanju potiče i sam odgojitelj. Mnoga istraživanja pokazala su kako tjelesno vježbanje štiti i unaprjeđuje zdravlje djeteta. U radu je prikazana važnost tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, obilježja rasta i razvoja djece predškolske dobi, motorički sadržaji tjelesnog vježbanja djece predškolske dobi, vrste tjelesnog vježbanja koja se provode sa djecom predškolskom djecom, podjela ostalih tjelovježbenih aktivnosti koje se provode u radu sa djecom predškolske dobi te uloga odgojitelja. Odgojitelj ima važnu ulogu za uspješnu provedbu tjelesnih aktivnosti, važno je da odgojitelj poznaje svoju struku i voli ono što radi, kako bi bio pozitivan primjer i poticaj onima s kojima radi. Physical exercise takes great importance in child's life. Apart from parents, the development of a positive attitude toward exercise is also encouraged by the educator. Many studies have shown that physical exercise protects and improves child`s health. In this study is presented the importance of physical education, the characteristics of growth and development of preschool children, the contents of physical exercise of preschool children, the types of exercise with children of preschool children, the division of other physical activities carried out in the work with children of preschool age and the role of the educator. The educator plays an important role in successful physical activity, it is important for the educator to know profession and to love what is doing to be a positive example and a stimulus to those is working with.

Mlađa školska dob od iznimnog je značaja za stjecanje i oblikovanje životnih navika. Iako je usvajanje pravilnih životnih navika djece ove dobi ponajviše roditeljska odgovornost, veliki utjecaj na iste ima i sredina u kojoj se dijete nalazi kao što je vrtić, škola, ali i zajednica u kojoj žive. Upravo iz tog razloga vrlo je važno da djetetovo društveno okruženje odiše pozitivnim utjecajem kako bi se dijete pravilo razvijalo. Mnogim istraživanjima dokazano je kako velik broj djece i mladih ima problema s prekomjernom težinom i pretilošću, a ujedno samim time sve više obolijevaju od dijabetesa, visokog krvnog tlaka, srčanih komplikacija, ali i mnogih drugih nezaraznih bolesti koje se javljaju pri prekomjernom nakupljanju masnog tkiva. Osim tjelesnih, javljaju se i mnoge psihičke posljedice koje mogu narušiti kvalitetu djetetova života poput narušenog samopouzdanja, depresije i isključenja iz društva. Moderan i brz način života sve više poziva na intervenciju, a cilj je ponajprije razumjeti biološki razvoj te važnost tjelesne aktivnosti i uravnotežene prehrane, a zatim i osvijestiti djecu o važnosti istih. The school age is of exceptional importance to acquire and form life habits. Acquiring healthy life habits is parental responsibility for children of this age although the social environment plays an important role, too. To develop properly, the social environment must have positive influence on a child. Many studies have proved increased number of overweight and obese children which cause children to suffer from diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases and other non-contagious health complications which are caused by excess body fat. Apart from physical, there are many psychological consequences that can disrupt the quality of the child’s life such as low self-esteem, depression and exclusion from society. The contemporary and fast way of life is calling for an intervention which goal is to understand biological development, the importance of physical activity and balanced diet and to make children aware of their importance.

Tjelesna aktivnost podrazumijeva sve pokrete, kretanja i aktivnosti koje čovjek svjesno koristi za razvoj svojih osobina i sposobnosti te za očuvanje i unapređivanje svoga zdravlja. Pokret je bitna komponenta djetetove osobnosti jer pomoću njega može upoznati prostor i njim ovladati, komunicirati s okolinom, izraziti vlastite osjećaje, želje i potrebe, postići samostalnost. Kako tjelesna aktivnost pridonosi tjelesnom i psihičkom zdravlju, boljoj učinkovitosti i snalaženju u raznim situacijama, povećanju samopouzdanja i samopoštovanja, prevenciji od raznih bolesti, tako je od neprocjenjive važnosti započeti sa njom u najranijoj dječjoj dobi jer utjecaji iz ranog djetinjstva uvelike utječu na kasniji razvoj. Osobe koje sudjeluju u radu s djecom predškolske dobi trebaju biti svjesne važnosti tjelesne aktivnosti za cjelokupni razvoj djeteta na koji mogu utjecati nudeći djeci što više atraktivnih sadržaja prilagođenih njihovoj dobi, razvojnom stupnju, osobinama i sposobnostima, individualizirajući program prema svakom djetetu te prateći i odgovarajući na njegove interese, želje i potrebe., Physical activity implies all movements and activities that the man consciously uses to develop his own traits and abilities and to preserve and improve his health. Movement is an essential component of a child's personality which enables him to become acquainted and familiar with space around him, to communicate with the enviroment, express his own feelings, whishes and needs, to achieve independence etc. As physical activity contributes to physical and mental health, improved efficiency and dealing with various situations, increasing self-esteem, preventing various illnesses, it is essential to initiate it in early childhood because early childhood has a great effect on later development. People involved in work with preschool children should be aware of the importance of physical activity for the overall development of the child on which they can influence by offering the child attractive content adapted to its age, developmental stage, characteristics and abilities, individualizing the program to each child and by responding to his interests, desires and needs.

Značaj sportske gimnastike u radu s djecom predškolske dobi očituje se prvenstveno u primjerenosti usvajanja osnovnih kretnih struktura. Takve se kretne strukture pohranjuju u motoričke baze u obliku motoričkih osnova nužnih za skladno i učinkovito gibanje u svakodnevnom životu djece. Sadržaji sportske gimnastike koji zadovoljavaju opće i usmjerene ciljeve tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture za posljedicu imaju povećanje kvalitete zdravog rasta i razvoja predškolske djece. Glavna uloga tjelesnog vježbanja djece predškolske dobi je ta da osposobi djecu za samostalno vježbanje radi veće kvalitete življenja te da učinkovito mijenja osobine i razvojne sposobnosti djece, a time izravno osigurava promicanje zdravlja kao nezamjenjivog čimbenika svih dječjih aktivnosti. Respektiranjem karakteristika dječjeg rasta i razvoja, u djeci se pobuđuje zanimanje i želja za bavljenjem sportom pa je zato u provođenju tjelesnog vježbanja s djecom predškolske dobi vrlo bitna uloga odgojitelja i kineziologa. Zbog svega navedenog, cilj je ovoga rada objasniti kako se sportskom gimnastikom može unaprijediti funkcioniranje cjelokupnog organizma čime se neposredno povećava kvaliteta života djeteta. The significiance of gymnastics in preschool children education lies primarily in adequate acquisition of basic movement structures. Such movement structures are stored in the motor bases in form of motor foundations, which are inevitable for more coordinated and more physically confident movement in children’s everyday life. Gymnastics in compliance with basic goals of physical education and aim-oriented physical education will result in increased quality of healthy growth and development of preschool children. The key role of physical activity in preschool children is to enable children to exercise autonomously, in order to increase their quality of life and to effectively modify chracteristics and development capacities in children. In this way, health promotion as essential factor in all children’s activities is immediately provided. By respecting characteristics of child growth and development, children’s interest and desire to exercise is aroused. This is why the role of the preschool teacher and kinesiologist is very important when exercising with preschool children. In view of the foregoing, the objective of this article is to explain how gymnastics can promote functioning of the entire organism, which results in immediate increase of children’s quality of life.

Važnost kinezioloških aktivnosti u predškolskoj dobi je velika jer pozitivno utječu na antropološki status djeteta. Odgojitelji, kineziolozi i roditelji su oni koji trebaju poticati aktivno sudjelovanje djece u sportskim programima. U radu je prikazana važnost kinezioloških aktivnosti u predškolskoj dobi, vrste kinezioloških aktivnosti, kompleksne kineziološke aktivnosti i načini provođenja kompleksnih aktivnosti s djecom predškolske dobi, izrada plana i programa tjelesnog vježbanja te uloga odgojitelja. U radu je prikazan utjecaj tjelesnih aktivnosti na rast i razvoj djeteta te koliko odgojitelji, uz roditelje, u tome imaju važnu ulogu koju moraju shvatiti ozbiljno kako bi djecu odvojili od svijeta tehnologije i upoznali ih s onim ljepšim, slobodnim svijetom aktivne igre. The importance of kinesiological activities in preschool age is large because it influences positively the anthropological status of children. Educators, kinesiologists and parents are those who need to encourage active participation of children in sport programmes. In this study are described the importance of physical activities, the types of activities, complex physical activities and the methods of practising the activities with children of preschool age, plan and programme of physical education and the role of educator. In the study is shown the influence of physical activities on the growth and development of children and how important educators are, together with parents, in having an important role that must be taken serious in order to move children away from the world of technology and introduce them to the more beautiful and free world of active play.

Za pravilan utjecaj na razvoj sposobnosti, osobina i motoričkih znanja bitno je poznavanje karakteristika rasta i razvoja učenika tijekom primarnog obrazovanja. Različiti autori taj proces rasta i razvoja promatraju kroz različite pristupe. Međutim, bez obzira kojom se klasifikacijom razvojna razdoblja razmatraju, granice između njih ne mogu biti točno određene jer se svako dijete razvija svojstvenom dinamikom. Zato je prijelaz između razdoblja postupan i određen prvenstveno genetskim programom razvoja antropoloških obilježja pojedinog djeteta, a ne godinama njegovog života. Zaključno, redoslijed razvojnih razdoblja jednak je za svu djecu, ali se njihovo pojavljivanje i trajanje vremenski razlikuje. U ovom će radu detaljnije biti opisana motorička znanja koja uz motorička postignuća, funkcionalne sposobnosti te odgojne učinke rada zajedno čine skupinu od pet elemenata ocjenjivanja predmeta tjelesna i zdravstvena kultura. For proper influence on the development of abilities, characteristics and motor skills is essential knowledge of the characteristics of growth and development of students during primary education. Different authors the process of growth and development observed through different approaches. However, no matter which classification developmental period considered, the boundaries between them can not be specific because every child develops the characteristic dynamics. Therefore, the transition between the period of gradual and determined primarily by genetic program of development of anthropological characteristics of individual children, rather than years of his life. In conclusion, the order of the development period is the same for all children, but their occurrence and duration of time is different. This work will be further detailed motor skills with motor achievements, functional abilities and the educational effects of work together form a group of five elements of evaluation items physical education

Cilj je prikazati jednu od najstarijih ljudskih aktivnosti, a to je proizvodnja. Kroz poslovanje poduzeća Kralj Bar-Vil-a prikazuje se i opisuje ponuda i funkcionalnost njihovih raznovrsnih proizvoda, odnose s dobavljačima, poslovnim partnerima, njihov odnos prema konkurenciji. Misao vodilja poduzeća je proizvoditi i prodavati zdrave namirnice koje nisu samo hranjive nego i ljekovite. Goal is review one of the oldest human activities, that is production. Through business operations Kralj Bar-Vil d.o.o., show and describes offer and functionality their various of products, relations with suppliers, business partners, their attitude toward to competition. Leaderships though of the company is produce and sell healthy foods which is not just nutritious than are also healthful.

Razvoj djeteta proces je koji započinje njegovim rođenjem te se nastavlja kroz niz faza sve do odrasle dobi. Zbog svoje posebnosti, razdoblje predškolske dobi zahtijeva primjeren pristup i adekvatne sadržaje pomoću kojih je moguće učinkovito djelovati na razvoj djeteta. Period predškolske dobi izuzetno je osjetljivo razdoblje koje zahtjeva stručan pristup te utemeljeno planiranje, programiranje, provedbu i kontrolu odgovarajućih programa. U ovom diplomskom radu prikazati će se i detaljno opisati tjelesne aktivnosti koje bi trebale pozitivno utjecati na motorički, kognitivni, kreativni i socijalno-emocionalni razvoj djeteta. U specifičnom programu sportskih aktivnosti namijenjen za djecu predškolske dobi prikazati će se program od 36 sati u kojemu se 18 sati provodi u dvorani, a 18 sati na bazenu. S obzirom na važnost tjelesne aktivnosti za rast i razvoj djeteta predškolske dobi svrha ovog diplomskog rada je prikazati moguće sportske aktivnosti koje se s djecom predškolske dobi mogu provoditi. The development of the child is the process that begins with his birth and continues through a series of phases up to the adult age. Because of its specialty, the pre-school period requires adequate access and adequate content to effectively influence the child's development. The pre-school period is an extremely sensitive period requiring expert approach and based planning, programming, implementation, and control of appropriate programs. In this thesis work will be described and described in detail the kinesiological activities that should have a positive impact on the motor, cognitive, creative and social-emotional development of the child. In a specific program of sports activities intended for preschool children, a program of 36 hours will be presented, in which 18 hours should be held in sports hall and 18 hours in the pool. Given the importance of physical activity for the growth and development of the child of preschool age, the purpose of this graduate thesis is to show the possible sports activities that can be performed with preschool children.

U radu je obrađena tema prehrambenih navika djece predškolske dobi. Cilj rada je popularizirati važnost pravilne prehrane u dječjoj dobi zbog pravilnog razvoja djeteta predškolske dobi. Budući da je predškolsko dijete u procesu stalnog razvoja u radu su opisane osnovne prehrambene potrebe te temeljni hranjivi sastojci koje bi svako dijete trebalo konzumirati. U većini slučajeva roditelji nisu dovoljno informirani o zdravoj hrani koju bi trebali pružati svojoj djeci te isto tako ne znaju za sve štetne sastojke u hrani koju djeca svakodnevno konzumiraju. Zbog društvenih i gospodarskih odlika se roditelji vrlo često mogu pronaći u financijskim problemima te tada nisu u mogućnosti pružiti djetetu potrebnu zdravu hranu za njegov rast i razvoj. Niske financijske mogućnosti roditelja mogu dovesti do zdravstvenih problema djece kao što su pretilost, mršavo dijete, dijabetes i slično, ako se dijete ne hrani zdravo. Bitno je napomenuti da je pravilna prehrana u vrtiću veoma važna jer dijete tamo najčešće provodi većinu dana. Kako bi se u vrtiću provodila pravilna prehrana, uveden je HACCP sustav koji osigurava kvalitetu prehrane u dječjim vrtićima. Uz pravilnu prehranu jednako je važna i tjelesna aktivnost djece koju se treba svakodnevno poticati. U radu je naveden primjer pripreme za izvođenje aktivnosti s djecom na temu „Zdrava hrana“ koji ukazuje na uporabu raznovrsnih aktivnosti i pristupa koji se primjenjuju u radu s djecom kako bi ih se poticalo na daljnje istraživanje o zdravoj hrani. The paper deals with the topic of eating habits of preschool children. The aim of the paper is to popularize the importance of proper nutrition of preschool children due to their proper development. Since preschool children are in the process of continuous development, the paper describes basic nutritional needs and basic nutrients that each child should consume. In most cases, parents are not sufficiently informed about healthy food which they should provide to their children, and also they do not know about all the harmful ingredients in the food that children consume daily. Due to social and economic characteristics, parents often find themselves in financial problems and are not able to provide their child with the healthy food necessary for child's growth and development. Poor financial capabilities of parents can lead to health problems in children such as obesity, malnutrition, diabetes, and the like, if the child does not eat healthily. It is important to emphasize the importance of proper nutrition in kindergarten because a child spends most of its time there. In order to have proper nutrition in the kindergarten, HACCP system has been introduced to ensure the quality of nutrition in kindergartens. Physical activity of children needs to be stimulated on a daily basis and is equally important as proper nutrition. In this paper we have provided an example of preparation of activities with children on the subject of „Healthy food“ which indicates the use of various activities and approaches that are used while working with children in order to encourage them to research the healthy food further.

Spol je jedan od značajnih čimbenika interindividualne varijabilnosti. Spolni dimorfizam nije izrazit prije puberteta za većinu morfoloških karakteristika, ali s hormonskim promjenama, koje će uvjetovati spolno sazrijevanje, počinju se razvijati različitosti pa time i različita sportska uspješnost. Ovo transverzalno istraživanje ima cilj utvrditi spolne diferencijacije morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti učenika od petog do osmog razreda osnovne škole te utvrditi strukturalne razlike između spolova: 453 dječaka i 567 djevojčica. U kineziologiji istražujemo i bilježimo promjene izazvane rastom i razvojem pa će se ovim istraživanjem na velikom uzorku od 1020 ispitanika, u periodu kad su prisutne snažne promjene izazvane spolnim sazrijevanjem, istražiti razlike morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti učenika te utvrditi značajnost razlika temeljem spola. Za rješavanje postavljenog problema potrebno je definirati i komparirati faktore koji su odgovorni za biomotorički razvoj djece pojedinog spola u periodu od 11. do 14. godine starosti, kao i kvantitativne spolne razlike morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti u odnosu na starosnu dob. Prilikom utvrđivanja aktualnog stanja ispitanika može se ukazati na fenomen biološke akceleracije (sekularni trend), a za valjano utvrđivanje morfološko motoričkog statusa učenika potrebno je bilo odabrati model po kojem se izvršio izbor varijabli. Uzorak varijabli u ovom istraživanju biti će sastavljen od ukupno 25 varijabli: 14 morfoloških mjera i 11 motoričkih mjera izmjerenih od strane 8 educiranih mjerilaca, a cjelokupni izbor varijabli bio je reprezentativan, valjan, pouzdan i primjeren uzorcima ispitanika. Morfološke mjere izabrane su tako da pokrivaju hipotetski četvero dimenzionalni morfološki prostor definiran kao: longitudinalna dimenzionalnost skeleta, transverzalna dimenzionalnost skeleta, volumen i masa tijela i potkožno masno tkivo. Izbor varijabli za procjenu motoričkog statusa izvršio se tako da se mogu procijeniti i latentne motoričke dimenzije, a kako bi se ovo postiglo, predložena baterija testova za praćenje i vrednovanje motoričkih sposobnosti učenika osnovne škole proširena je s još pet motoričkih testova. Kako bi se iz dobivenih podataka generirali metodološki valjani i interpretabilni znanstveni zaključci, uporabljene su odgovarajuće metode obrade podataka, a za statističku obradu koristio se programski paket Statistica for Windows 8.0. Pouzdanost antropometrijskih mjerenja i motoričkih testiranja je u potpunosti zadovoljavajuća, te se može dobivenim varijablama ukazati veliko povjerenje, nisu uočene statistički značajne razlike u distribucijama varijabli koje bi znatno narušile koncepciju normalnosti distribucija te je izbor metoda obrade podataka u potpunosti zadovoljio zahtjevima postavljenog problema, hipotezama i ciljevima istraživanja. Istraživanje je utvrdilo spolne diferencijacije morfološkog i motoričkog razvoja kod školske djece u periodu od 11. do 14. godine starosti te razlike razvojnih i/ili integracijskih funkcija u odnosu na spol. Diferencijalne spolne razlike u strukturi morfologijskih parametara zasigurno postoje i u njihovoj osnovi je različito vremensko, odnosno periodično, uključivanje razvojnih faza. Već u uzrastu od 11. godina može se jasno prepoznati kako je predpubertet u djevojčica već uznapredovao, i da slijedi pubertet. U 12. godini djevojčice su već u pubertetskom zamahu, što se očituje u daljnjem razvoju bikristalnog dijametra i longitudionalne dimenzionalnosti skeleta posebno donjih ekstremiteta. Kod dječaka u 1 3. godini slijedi pubertetski zamah, što se očituje u razvoju longitudinalne dimenzionalnosti, a manje transverzalne dimenzionalnosti skeleta. Sekundarna diskriminativna osobitost je primjetna kontinuirano preko svih varijabli za procjenu dimenzije deponiranja masnih rezervi, a i apsolutne vrijednosti mjera potkožnog masnog tkiva izraženije su kod učenica. Indikativno je kako su i dalje sekundarne odrednice razlikovanja grupa djece po spolu upravo masni potkožni deponiji, i to na način da djevojčice konstantno ovu dimenziju iskazuju znatno očitije. U sve četiri uzrasne kategorije ustanovljena je statistički značajna razlika između dječaka i djevojčica u izvođenju primijenjenih motoričkih testova. Kod mlađe uzrasne dobi (11. i 12. godina) djevojčice su superiornije od dječaka u fleksibilnosti koja se manifestira na veći opseg kretanja u određenom zglobu ili nizu zglobova dakle na zglobnu pokretljivost, kao i na lakoću i gracioznost pokreta. Motorička efikasnost dječaka u odnosu na djevojčice ogleda se u većoj snazi trupa, većoj eksplozivnoj snazi tipa skoka i sprinta, te koordinaciji. Kod starije uzrasne dobi (13. i 14. godina) razlike u fleksibilnosti su još izraženije u korist djevojčica, što im olakšava realizaciju pokreta većih amplituda. Kod dječaka se povećala razlika u eksplozivnoj snazi posebno tipa bacanja uz bolju agilnost, ravnotežu i veću statičku snagu ruku i ramenog pojasa. Očito je došlo do većeg razvoja mišićne mase kod muškog spola u odnosu na ženski spol. Spolne diferencijacije su znatno više izražene u pubertetskoj nego u pred pubertetskoj dobi, što svjedoči da je trend razvoja pojedinih motoričkih sposobnosti različit u odnosu na spol uz iznimku razvoja psihomotorne brzine. Dobiveni rezultati su opravdali postavljeni problem istraživanja, jer je bilo moguće utvrditi i analizirati razlike morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti u odnosu na spol u razvojnim fazama predpuberteta i puberteta. Postavljeni ciljevi istraživanja su realizirani u punoj mjeri, a dobiveni rezultati, njihova interpretacija i izloženi zaključci daju na njih odgovore. Postavljene hipoteze ovog istraživanja su potvrđene. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da postoje značajne razlike između spolova u morfološkim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima u pojedinoj razvojnoj dobi predpuberteta i puberteta i to kako kvalitativne tako i kvantitativne. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata istraživanja moguće je zaključiti kako se morfološki i motorički razvoj odvija brže i prije kod djevojčica u odnosu na dječake i da se pubertetski zamah događa za djevojčice u dvanaestoj godini (6. razred), a za dječake u trinaestoj godini (7. razred)., The sex is one of the significant factors of interindividual variability. In most of the morphological characteristics, sexual dimorphism is not expressed before puberty, but with hormone changes leading to sexual maturity, some differences start developing, including different sport efficiency. This transversal research has the purpose of determining sexual differentiations of morphological characteristics and motor abilities in students from the fifth to the eighth grade of elementary school and to identify structural differences between the sexes: 453 boys and 567 girls. In kinesiology, we study and note changes caused by growth and development, thus this research, with as many as 1020 subjects in the period of crucial changes caused by sexual maturity, will study the differences between morphological characteristics and motor abilities in students and identify the significance of differences based on the sex. To solve this issue, we need to define and compare the factors responsible for biomotor development in children of a certain sex, ages 11 to 14, as well as quantitative sexual differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities in relation to age. While establishing the actual state of the subjects, the biological acceleration phenomenon (secular trend) may be indicated, and for precise determination of morphological-motor status of students, it was necessary to choose a model for establishing the selection of variables. The sample of variables in this research will involve the total of 25 variables: 14 morphological measures and 11 motor measures calculated by 8 educated measurers, while the total selection of variables will be representative, precise, reliable and appropriate for the sample of subjects. Morphological measures have been selected in a way to cover hypothetically fourdimensioned morphological domain defined as: longitudinal dimensionality of skeleton, transversal dimensionality of skeleton, volume and body mass and sub-skin adipose tissue. The selection of variables to assess motor status was done in a way to assess even latent motor dimensions, and in order to achieve this, the suggested battery of tests for following and evaluating motor abilities in elementary school students has been added five additional motor tests. In order to generate methodologically correct and interpretable scientific conclusions from the obtained data, certain appropriate data processing methods have been applied, and for statistical processing we used Statistica for Windows 8.0 software package. The reliability of anthropometrical measuring and motor testing is entirely satisfactory and the obtained variables can be fully trusted, there are no statistically significant differences in variables distributions which might significantly harm the conception of distribution normality and the selection of data processing methods completely satisfies the demands of the set issue, hypotheses and the aims of research. The research identified sexual differentiations of morphological and motor development in school children ages 11 to 14 and determined the differences in development and /or integral function with regard to the sex. Differential sex differences in the structure of morphological parameters evidently exist and their basis have different time, i.e. periodic, involvement of development stages. At the age of 11, the advanced pre-puberty period is clearly evident in girls, followed by puberty. At the age of 12, girls reach the puberty swing, which is evident in the further development of bicrystal diameter and longitudinal dimensionality of skeleton, primarily in lower extremities. In boys, the puberty swing comes at the age of 13 which is evident from the development of longitudinal dimensionality, and less from the transversal dimensionality of the skeleton. Secondary discriminant characteristic can be continually noticed in all the variables for assessment of the dimension of accumulating adipose tissue reserves, and absolute values of sub-skin adipose tissue are more expressed in female students. Indicatively, secondary determinants of distinguishing the groups of children by the sex is still sub-skin adipose tissue accumulation in a way that girls constantly display this dimension more evidently. In all four age categories, we established a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in the performance of applied motor tests. In younger age groups (11 and 12 years old), girls are more superior than boys in flexibility manifested in the larger movement scope in a certain joint or a set of joints, i.e. in joint mobility, as well as in the lightness and gracefulness of movements. Motor efficiency in boys compared to girls is evident in the greater power of trunk, greater explosive power of jump and sprint type as well as in coordination. In older age groups (13 and 14 year old), differences in flexibility are more expressed on behalf of girls, which enables them the realisation of movements with larger amplitudes. In boys, the difference in explosive power is increased, particularly of throwing type with better agility, balance and greater static power of arms and shoulder belt. Evidently the development of muscle mass is more increased in male than in female sex. Sexual differentiations are significantly more expressed in puberty than in prepuberty stage which proves that the trend of development of certain motor abilities is different with regard to the sex, with the exception of psychomotor speed development. The obtained results have justified the set research issue since it was possible to determine and analyse the differences of morphological characteristics and motor abilities with regard to the sex in the developmental stages of pre-puberty and puberty. The set goals of study have been realised to a full extent, and the obtained results, their interpretation and stated conclusions give the answers to them. The set hypotheses of this research have been confirmed. The obtained results indicate that there are significant differences between sexes in morphological characteristics and motor abilities in a certain developmental stage of pre-puberty and puberty, both qualitative and quantitative. Based on the obtained results of the study, it may be concluded that morphological and motor development happens faster, i.e. sooner in girls compared to boys and that puberty swing happens in girls at the age of twelve (6th grade) and in boys at the age of thirteen (7th grade).

Ritmička gimnastika je sport koji zahtjeva veliku fleksibilnost kod djece uz prateću glazbu i određene plesne pokrete. Prilikom vježbanja u ovom sportu se koriste razna pomagala, a to su: vijača, obruč, lopta, čunjevi i traka. Tijekom vježbanja i učenja ritmičke gimnastike potrebno je savladati osnovne elemente tehnike kretanja, a to su stav, hodanje, trčanje, poskoci, skokovi, zamasi i ravnoteža.U predškolskom odgoju ritmičku gimnastiku treba predstaviti kao sport koji će motivirati djecu i pomoći im u njihovom rastu i razvoju. Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport which demands great flexibility of the children along with background music and specific dance moves. In the time of practices various instruments are used, which are: jumping, rope, hoop, ball, cones and tape.During practicing and learning them,it is obligatory to master the basic elements of the moving techniques which are: posture, walking, running, leaping, jumping, swinging and balancing. In the early years rhythmic gymnastics should be represented as a sport that will motivate children and help them in their growth and development.

Inovacija predstavlja važan faktor u konkurentnosti zemlje ali i poduzeća. Važnost inovacije za bilo koju zemlju i poduzeće dodatno je ojačana s procesom globalizacije, ali isto tako i sa skraćivanjem životnog ciklusa proizvoda te nešto bržim izmjenama zahtjeva potrošača. U svijetu ne postoji jednaki pogled na važnost inovacija ali ono što pokazuje stručna literatura je da inovacije imaju dosta veliki odraz na učinkoviti rast i razvoj malih i srednjih poduzeća. Inovacija je postupak u kojem dolazi do transformacije tih novih ideja ali na način da se one počinju primjenjivati u praksi. Ono čega svi trebaju biti svjesni u poduzeću je to da se inovacija nikada ne promatra kao događaj koji je zaseban već se radi o cijelom nizu aktivnosti koje čine postupak a za izvršenje postupka potrebno je dobro upravljati. Poduzeća mogu primjenjivati inovacije proizvoda, zatim inovacije procesa i organizacijsko menadžerske inovacije. Neovisno koja se vrsta inovacije primjenjuje ona mora biti ključ rasta i razvoja poduzeća, ali ujedno biti i snaga koja će pokretati ekonomiju bilo koje zemlje u svijetu. Realizacija inovacije u poduzećima ima točno određeni postupak koji se mora provoditi kako bi se moglo u konačnici doći do realizacije, odnosno plasiranja proizvoda na tržište. U današnje vrijeme koje se vrlo često naziva ekonomijom znanja veliki značaj daje se klijentima jer se žele zadovoljiti sve njihove potrebe a da bi se to postiglo vodi se briga oko inovacija, resursa i kompetencija. Upravljanje inovacijama sastoji se od tri faze, a to su, procjena postojećeg stanja, nakon koje slijedi definiranje budućeg stanja te posljednja je implementacija. Innovation is an important factor in the competitiveness of the country or the company. The importance of innovation in any country and the company has been further strengthened with the process of globalization, but also with shortening product life cycle, and somewhat faster changes to consumer demands. In the world there is the same view of the importance of innovation, or what professional literature shows that innovations have quite a great reflection on the effective growth and development of SMEs. Innovation is a process wherein the transformation of these ideas or the way that they are beginning to apply in practice. What they all need to be aware of the company is that innovation never seen as an event that is separate but it is a whole range of activities that make up the procedure for the execution of the process needs to be well managed. Companies can apply product innovation, then innovation processes and organization - management innovations. Regardless of the type of innovation is applied it must be the key to growth and development of enterprises, but also be the force that will drive the economy of any country in the world. The implementation of innovation in enterprises has a specific procedure that must be implemented in order to finally come to the realization, or the placing on the market. At the present time, which is often called the knowledge economy gives great importance to customers because they want to satisfy their needs and to achieve this we take care about innovation, resources and competencies. Innovation management consists of three phases, namely, assessment of the current situation, followed by the definition of a future state, and the last implementation.

Predškolska dob djeteta idealna je za razvoj i odgoj ne samo u području tjelesne i sportske aktivnosti, već i razvoju zdravstvenih, prehrambenih i higijenskih navika. Tjelesna i sportska aktivnost djece predškolske i rane školske dobi dio je općeg odgoja djece. U toj dobi razvija se koštano-vezivni i živčano-mišićni sustav djeteta, stoga je neophodno djecu na pravi i kvalitetan način usmjeravati u razne oblike tjelesne ili sportske aktivnosti koje ujedno i pridonose sveukupnom razvoju i rastu djeteta. Plivanje je jedan od najboljih sportova za djetetov tjelesni rast i razvoj. Dijete treba naučiti plivati kroz igru, kako bi steklo sigurnost i samostalnost te mu pomoći da prebrodi strah od vode, a onda postepeno prijeći na učenje plivačkih tehnika (kraul, prsno, delfin i leđna tehnika). Preschool age of children is ideal for the development and education not only in the field of physical and sports activities, but also for the development of health, eating and hygiene habits. Physical and sports activities of children of preschool and early school age are part of the general education of children. During this age skeletal and neuromuscular systems are developed, therefore, it is necessary to direct children in a proper and correct way to various forms of physical and sports activities which, at the same time, contribute to their entire growth and development. Swimming is one of the best sports for physical growth and development of children. Children should learn how to swim through playing in order to feel safe and independent, and in this way we help them to overcome fear of water, and then gradually start teaching them swimming techniques (crawl, breaststroke, butterfly and backstroke).

U diplomskom se radu obrađuje utjecaj igre na rast i razvoj učenika od prvog do četvrtog razreda osnovne škole. Proučavaju se pozitivni utjecaji igre na antropološki status djece rane školske dobi, odnosno na njihove antropometrijske (morfološke) karakteristike, motoričke, funkcionalne sposobnosti i kognitivne sposobnosti, konativne osobine ili osobine ličnosti te socijalni status. Naglasak je na prvim trima sposobnostima. Radi usporedbe i proučavanja razvojnog tijeka, u kratkim je crtama proučen i razvoj djece predškolske dobi., This paper analyzes the impact of the game on the growth and development of students from first to fourth grade. The main subject of its analysis are the positive effects of games on the anthropological status of children of early school age i.e. on their anthropometric (morphological) characteristics, motor abilities, functional abilities and cognitive abilities, conative characteristics or personality traits and social status. The emphasis of the paper is on the first three abilities. For comparison and the study of the development flow, the development of pre-school children is also briefly analyzed.

Sideropenična anemija najčešća je defi citarna anemija u svijetu. Zahvaljujući brojnim primarnim i sekundarnim preventivnim mjerama, njena prevalencija u razvijenim zemljama je u značajnom padu, dok je u nerazvijenom svijetu i dalje veliki javnozdravstveni problem. Pozitivan utjecaj željeza na djetetov rani psihomotorički razvoj desetljećima je poznat, dok utjecaj na linearni rast i učestalost infekcija ostaje kontroverzan. Rezultati našeg istraživanja upućuju na relativno visoku prevalenciju sideropenične anemije u populaciji hrvatske dojenčadi (19,7% u dobi od 4 mjeseca, 32,4% u dobi od 6-9 mjeseci i 16,4% u dobi od 12 mjeseci). Željezo primijenjeno u profi laktičnim dozama, sukladno važećim smjernicama, ne utječe na linearni rast i učestalost infekcija (p>0,05), stoga je pouzdana i poželjna prevencija. S obzirom na dokazane negativne učinke sideropenične anemije, potrebno je podizati svijest roditelja o važnosti adekvatne prevencije i terapije anemije te poticati pedijatre na razini primarne zdravstvene zaštite na sustavno provođenje primarne i sekundarne prevencije., Iron defi ciency anemia is the world’s most common defi ciency anemia. Owing to numerous primary and secondary preventive measures, its prevalence in developed countries is continuously and signifi cantly declining, whereas in underdeveloped countries it still poses a major public health problem. The favorable infl uence of iron on early motor development has been known for decades, while its eff ects on linear growth and frequency of infection are still a matter of controversy. Our survey revealed the prevalence of iron defi ciency anemia in the population of Croatian infants to be rather high. Prophylactic supplementation of iron, as suggested by the latest recommendations, does not aff ect linear growth or the incidence of infectious illness, therefore presenting a safe and desirable preventive measure. As the harmful eff ects of iron defi ciency anemia on the children’s wellbeing have been established, it is necessary to raise awareness of the importance of its prevention and treatment among parents and primary care pediatricians.

Spol je jedan od značajnih čimbenika interindividualne varijabilnosti. Spolni dimorfizam nije izrazit prije puberteta za većinu morfoloških karakteristika, ali s hormonskim promjenama, koje će uvjetovati spolno sazrijevanje, počinju se razvijati različitosti pa time i različita sportska uspješnost. Ovo transverzalno istraživanje ima cilj utvrditi spolne diferencijacije morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti učenika od petog do osmog razreda osnovne škole te utvrditi strukturalne razlike između spolova: 453 dječaka i 567 djevojčica. U kineziologiji istražujemo i bilježimo promjene izazvane rastom i razvojem pa će se ovim istraživanjem na velikom uzorku od 1020 ispitanika, u periodu kad su prisutne snažne promjene izazvane spolnim sazrijevanjem, istražiti razlike morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti učenika te utvrditi značajnost razlika temeljem spola. Za rješavanje postavljenog problema potrebno je definirati i komparirati faktore koji su odgovorni za biomotorički razvoj djece pojedinog spola u periodu od 11. do 14. godine starosti, kao i kvantitativne spolne razlike morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti u odnosu na starosnu dob. Prilikom utvrđivanja aktualnog stanja ispitanika može se ukazati na fenomen biološke akceleracije (sekularni trend), a za valjano utvrđivanje morfološko motoričkog statusa učenika potrebno je bilo odabrati model po kojem se izvršio izbor varijabli. Uzorak varijabli u ovom istraživanju biti će sastavljen od ukupno 25 varijabli: 14 morfoloških mjera i 11 motoričkih mjera izmjerenih od strane 8 educiranih mjerilaca, a cjelokupni izbor varijabli bio je reprezentativan, valjan, pouzdan i primjeren uzorcima ispitanika. Morfološke mjere izabrane su tako da pokrivaju hipotetski četvero dimenzionalni morfološki prostor definiran kao: longitudinalna dimenzionalnost skeleta, transverzalna dimenzionalnost skeleta, volumen i masa tijela i potkožno masno tkivo. Izbor varijabli za procjenu motoričkog statusa izvršio se tako da se mogu procijeniti i latentne motoričke dimenzije, a kako bi se ovo postiglo, predložena baterija testova za praćenje i vrednovanje motoričkih sposobnosti učenika osnovne škole proširena je s još pet motoričkih testova. Kako bi se iz dobivenih podataka generirali metodološki valjani i interpretabilni znanstveni zaključci, uporabljene su odgovarajuće metode obrade podataka, a za statističku obradu koristio se programski paket Statistica for Windows 8.0. Pouzdanost antropometrijskih mjerenja i motoričkih testiranja je u potpunosti zadovoljavajuća, te se može dobivenim varijablama ukazati veliko povjerenje, nisu uočene statistički značajne razlike u distribucijama varijabli koje bi znatno narušile koncepciju normalnosti distribucija te je izbor metoda obrade podataka u potpunosti zadovoljio zahtjevima postavljenog problema, hipotezama i ciljevima istraživanja. Istraživanje je utvrdilo spolne diferencijacije morfološkog i motoričkog razvoja kod školske djece u periodu od 11. do 14. godine starosti te razlike razvojnih i/ili integracijskih funkcija u odnosu na spol. Diferencijalne spolne razlike u strukturi morfologijskih parametara zasigurno postoje i u njihovoj osnovi je različito vremensko, odnosno periodično, uključivanje razvojnih faza. Već u uzrastu od 11. godina može se jasno prepoznati kako je predpubertet u djevojčica već uznapredovao, i da slijedi pubertet. U 12. godini djevojčice su već u pubertetskom zamahu, što se očituje u daljnjem razvoju bikristalnog dijametra i longitudionalne dimenzionalnosti skeleta posebno donjih ekstremiteta. Kod dječaka u 1 3. godini slijedi pubertetski zamah, što se očituje u razvoju longitudinalne dimenzionalnosti, a manje transverzalne dimenzionalnosti skeleta. Sekundarna diskriminativna osobitost je primjetna kontinuirano preko svih varijabli za procjenu dimenzije deponiranja masnih rezervi, a i apsolutne vrijednosti mjera potkožnog masnog tkiva izraženije su kod učenica. Indikativno je kako su i dalje sekundarne odrednice razlikovanja grupa djece po spolu upravo masni potkožni deponiji, i to na način da djevojčice konstantno ovu dimenziju iskazuju znatno očitije. U sve četiri uzrasne kategorije ustanovljena je statistički značajna razlika između dječaka i djevojčica u izvođenju primijenjenih motoričkih testova. Kod mlađe uzrasne dobi (11. i 12. godina) djevojčice su superiornije od dječaka u fleksibilnosti koja se manifestira na veći opseg kretanja u određenom zglobu ili nizu zglobova dakle na zglobnu pokretljivost, kao i na lakoću i gracioznost pokreta. Motorička efikasnost dječaka u odnosu na djevojčice ogleda se u većoj snazi trupa, većoj eksplozivnoj snazi tipa skoka i sprinta, te koordinaciji. Kod starije uzrasne dobi (13. i 14. godina) razlike u fleksibilnosti su još izraženije u korist djevojčica, što im olakšava realizaciju pokreta većih amplituda. Kod dječaka se povećala razlika u eksplozivnoj snazi posebno tipa bacanja uz bolju agilnost, ravnotežu i veću statičku snagu ruku i ramenog pojasa. Očito je došlo do većeg razvoja mišićne mase kod muškog spola u odnosu na ženski spol. Spolne diferencijacije su znatno više izražene u pubertetskoj nego u pred pubertetskoj dobi, što svjedoči da je trend razvoja pojedinih motoričkih sposobnosti različit u odnosu na spol uz iznimku razvoja psihomotorne brzine. Dobiveni rezultati su opravdali postavljeni problem istraživanja, jer je bilo moguće utvrditi i analizirati razlike morfoloških karakteristika i motoričkih sposobnosti u odnosu na spol u razvojnim fazama predpuberteta i puberteta. Postavljeni ciljevi istraživanja su realizirani u punoj mjeri, a dobiveni rezultati, njihova interpretacija i izloženi zaključci daju na njih odgovore. Postavljene hipoteze ovog istraživanja su potvrđene. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da postoje značajne razlike između spolova u morfološkim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima u pojedinoj razvojnoj dobi predpuberteta i puberteta i to kako kvalitativne tako i kvantitativne. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata istraživanja moguće je zaključiti kako se morfološki i motorički razvoj odvija brže i prije kod djevojčica u odnosu na dječake i da se pubertetski zamah događa za djevojčice u dvanaestoj godini (6. razred), a za dječake u trinaestoj godini (7. razred). The sex is one of the significant factors of interindividual variability. In most of the morphological characteristics, sexual dimorphism is not expressed before puberty, but with hormone changes leading to sexual maturity, some differences start developing, including different sport efficiency. This transversal research has the purpose of determining sexual differentiations of morphological characteristics and motor abilities in students from the fifth to the eighth grade of elementary school and to identify structural differences between the sexes: 453 boys and 567 girls. In kinesiology, we study and note changes caused by growth and development, thus this research, with as many as 1020 subjects in the period of crucial changes caused by sexual maturity, will study the differences between morphological characteristics and motor abilities in students and identify the significance of differences based on the sex. To solve this issue, we need to define and compare the factors responsible for biomotor development in children of a certain sex, ages 11 to 14, as well as quantitative sexual differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities in relation to age. While establishing the actual state of the subjects, the biological acceleration phenomenon (secular trend) may be indicated, and for precise determination of morphological-motor status of students, it was necessary to choose a model for establishing the selection of variables. The sample of variables in this research will involve the total of 25 variables: 14 morphological measures and 11 motor measures calculated by 8 educated measurers, while the total selection of variables will be representative, precise, reliable and appropriate for the sample of subjects. Morphological measures have been selected in a way to cover hypothetically fourdimensioned morphological domain defined as: longitudinal dimensionality of skeleton, transversal dimensionality of skeleton, volume and body mass and sub-skin adipose tissue. The selection of variables to assess motor status was done in a way to assess even latent motor dimensions, and in order to achieve this, the suggested battery of tests for following and evaluating motor abilities in elementary school students has been added five additional motor tests. In order to generate methodologically correct and interpretable scientific conclusions from the obtained data, certain appropriate data processing methods have been applied, and for statistical processing we used Statistica for Windows 8.0 software package. The reliability of anthropometrical measuring and motor testing is entirely satisfactory and the obtained variables can be fully trusted, there are no statistically significant differences in variables distributions which might significantly harm the conception of distribution normality and the selection of data processing methods completely satisfies the demands of the set issue, hypotheses and the aims of research. The research identified sexual differentiations of morphological and motor development in school children ages 11 to 14 and determined the differences in development and /or integral function with regard to the sex. Differential sex differences in the structure of morphological parameters evidently exist and their basis have different time, i.e. periodic, involvement of development stages. At the age of 11, the advanced pre-puberty period is clearly evident in girls, followed by puberty. At the age of 12, girls reach the puberty swing, which is evident in the further development of bicrystal diameter and longitudinal dimensionality of skeleton, primarily in lower extremities. In boys, the puberty swing comes at the age of 13 which is evident from the development of longitudinal dimensionality, and less from the transversal dimensionality of the skeleton. Secondary discriminant characteristic can be continually noticed in all the variables for assessment of the dimension of accumulating adipose tissue reserves, and absolute values of sub-skin adipose tissue are more expressed in female students. Indicatively, secondary determinants of distinguishing the groups of children by the sex is still sub-skin adipose tissue accumulation in a way that girls constantly display this dimension more evidently. In all four age categories, we established a statistically significant difference between boys and girls in the performance of applied motor tests. In younger age groups (11 and 12 years old), girls are more superior than boys in flexibility manifested in the larger movement scope in a certain joint or a set of joints, i.e. in joint mobility, as well as in the lightness and gracefulness of movements. Motor efficiency in boys compared to girls is evident in the greater power of trunk, greater explosive power of jump and sprint type as well as in coordination. In older age groups (13 and 14 year old), differences in flexibility are more expressed on behalf of girls, which enables them the realisation of movements with larger amplitudes. In boys, the difference in explosive power is increased, particularly of throwing type with better agility, balance and greater static power of arms and shoulder belt. Evidently the development of muscle mass is more increased in male than in female sex. Sexual differentiations are significantly more expressed in puberty than in prepuberty stage which proves that the trend of development of certain motor abilities is different with regard to the sex, with the exception of psychomotor speed development. The obtained results have justified the set research issue since it was possible to determine and analyse the differences of morphological characteristics and motor abilities with regard to the sex in the developmental stages of pre-puberty and puberty. The set goals of study have been realised to a full extent, and the obtained results, their interpretation and stated conclusions give the answers to them. The set hypotheses of this research have been confirmed. The obtained results indicate that there are significant differences between sexes in morphological characteristics and motor abilities in a certain developmental stage of pre-puberty and puberty, both qualitative and quantitative. Based on the obtained results of the study, it may be concluded that morphological and motor development happens faster, i.e. sooner in girls compared to boys and that puberty swing happens in girls at the age of twelve (6th grade) and in boys at the age of thirteen (7th grade).

Strateški savezi su oblik suradnje koji jamči svakom partneru samostalnost, a istovremeno omogućuje stjecanje ključnih kompetencija za postizanje konkurentnosti. Strateški savezi u farmaceutskoj industriji najčešće nastaju u procesu istraživanja i razvoja novog lijeka te prilikom komercijalizacije lijeka. S tim u vezi udružuju se farmaceutska poduzeća meñusobno i farmaceutska i biotehnološka poduzeća. Istraživanjem najboljih poslovnih praksi na meñunarodnom tržištu utvrñeno je da veliki broj farmaceutskih poduzeća koristi prednosti strateških saveza. Farmaceutska industrija u Republici Hrvatskoj nalazi se pred velikim izazovom. Inozemna farmaceutska poduzeća su jaka konkurencija na hrvatskom farmaceutskom tržištu. Hrvatska farmaceutska poduzeća pokrivaju manje od polovice domaćeg tržišta. Nadalje, položaj domaćih farmaceutskih poduzeća dodatno otežava problem nelikvidnosti, oskudni izvori kapitala i nedostatak novih tehnologija. Doktorska disertacija pod naslovom Strateški savezi u funkciji rasta i razvoja farmaceutske industrije u Republici Hrvatskoj ima za cilj odgovoriti na pitanje mogu li strateški savezi pomoći farmaceutskoj industriji u učvršćivanju tržišne pozicije hrvatskih farmaceutskih poduzeća na domaćem, ali i inozemnom tržištu. Stoga se provelo anketno istraživanje na farmaceutskim poduzećima u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rezultati pokazuju da strateški savezi mogu biti u funkciji rasta i razvoja farmaceutske industrije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Od devet postavljenih hipoteza, osam hipoteza je potvrñeno, a jedna je opovrgnuta. Strateški savezi pozitivno utječu na sljedeće faktore rasta i razvoja farmaceutske industrije u republici Hrvatskoj: nove tehnologije, nova znanja, proširenje proizvodnog asortimana, veći udio na domaćem i inozemnom tržištu i bolji poslovni rezultat. Strateški savezi, meñutim, nemaju utjecaja na inovaciju proizvoda. U skladu sa dobivenom rezultatima konstruiran je model utjecaja strateških saveza na rast i razvoj farmaceutske industrije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Strategic alliances are a form of cooperation that guarantees independence to every partner, and at the same time enables the acquiring of key competencies for achieving competitiveness. Strategic alliances in pharmaceutical industry are most commonly forged in the process of research and development of a new drug and during commercialization of the drug. With regard to this, pharmaceutical companies join together amongst each other, as well as with biotechnological companies. Research of the best business practices in the international market has shown that a large number of pharmaceutical companies take advantage of strategic alliances. Pharmaceutical industry in Croatia faces a great challenge. Foreign pharmaceutical companies present a fierce competition on Croatian pharmaceutical market. Croatian pharmaceutical companies cover less than a half of the domestic market. Furthermore, the market position of domestic pharmaceutical companies is additionally jeopardised by the problem of insolvency, meagre sources of capital and lack of new technologies. The purpose of doctoral dissertation entitled Strategic alliances in the function of growth and development of pharmaceutical industry in Croatia is to answer the following question: can strategic alliances help the pharmaceutical industry in consolidating the market position of Croatian pharmaceutical companies on the domestic, but also in the foreign market? Consequently, a survey was carried out and the respondents were pharmaceutical companies in Croatia. The results have shown that strategic alliances can function as the catalysts of growth and development of pharmaceutical industry in Croatia. Eight out of nine hypotheses have been confirmed, and one has been refuted. Strategic alliances have a positive effect on the following factors of growth and development of pharmaceutical industry in Croatia: new technologies, new knowledge, expansion of the product lines, larger market share in the domestic and foreign markets and better business outcome. However, strategic alliances have no effect on product innovation. In accordance with the results obtained, a model of Strategic alliances influence on the growth and development of pharmaceutical industry in Croatia was proposed.

Rad prati tri grupe ispitanika (69 dječaka) tijekom dvije godine bavljenja organiziranom tjelesnom aktivnošću. Jedna grupa je ostvarivala svoje potrebe za vježbanjem u momčadskim sportovima (nogomet, rukomet, košarka i odbojka), druga grupa ispitanika bavila se judom, a treća grupa nije organizirano vježbala, osim na nastavi tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Radom se utvrđuje dinamika promjena antropološkog statusa kod tri praćene grupe ispitanika te povećava li se dinamika tih promjena kod dječaka koja se organizirano bave sportom izvan nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture još tri puta tjedno u judo klubu ili u klubovima momčadskih sportova (nogomet, košarka, odbojka ili rukomet). Promjene antropološkog statusa utvrđene su u preko 11 varijabli za procjenu antropometrijskih karakteristika, motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti. Analizirajući cjelokupan dvogodišnji trenažni proces može se s velikom vjerojatnošću zaključiti da se bavljenjem judom kod djece u predpubertetu značajnije i pozitivnije utječe na razvoj svih analiziranih sposobnosti i karakteristika nego kod djece koja su se bavila momčadskim sportovima ili se nisu dodatno bavila sportom. Dvogodišnjim praćenjem napretka ispitanika tijekom nastave tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture potvrđeno je da se nastavom od 45 minuta dva puta tjedno ne može dugoročno značajno utjecati na razvoj antropoloških obilježja, a djeca će imati pozitivnije usmjeren razvoj funkcionalnih i motoričkih sposobnosti te čitav niz drugih pozitivnih učinaka ukoliko ranije započnu s bavljenjem sportom., The research comprised three groups of examinees (69 boys) who were observed during a two-year period in which they were involved in organized physical activity. One group was engaged in team sports (soccer, handball, basketball, volleyball), the second group was engaged in judo, whereas the third one was not involved in any extra organized physical exercise besides their regular school PE classes. The paper establishes the dynamics of changes in the anthropological status in the three groups and observes whether the dynamics of changes increases in boys who are involved in organized forms of sports besides their regular PE classes – three times a week in the judo club or in team sports clubs (soccer, handball, basketball, volleyball). Changes in the anthropological status have been observed in more than 11 variables which were used to assess anthropometric characteristics, motor and functional skills. The analysis of the two-year period of training leads to a high-probability conclusion that training judo affected the development of the analysed abilities and characteristics in a more significant and positive way than team sports or no involvement in extracurricular sports activities. By observing regular PE classes during a two-year period, it has been confirmed that two 45-minute periods per week cannot significantly influence the long-term development of anthropological characteristics, and that early involvement of children in sports activities will result in a more positive development of functional and motor skills and various other positive effects.