HANDBALL PLAYERS´ SPECIFIC MOTOR SKILLS ACCORDING TO THEIR PLAYING POSITIONS

Rukomet je sport u kojemu dobra izvedba ovisi o razvijenosti motoričkih sposobnosti igrača. Uspjeh se u rukometu ostvaruje tako da svaki igrač odrađuje zadatke koje od njega zahtjeva pozicija koju igra. Ti se zahtjevi s vremenom mijenjaju i zbog toga je pravilno planiran i programiran trening vrlo važan u razvoju motoričkih sposobnosti igrača s obzirom na poziciju koju igra, ali i s obzirom na njegovu dob. Cilj je ovog istraživanja utvrditi postoji li statistički značajna razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima rukometašica prema poziciji koju igraju. Uzorak ispitanica sastojao se od 59 perspektivnih igračica koje su nastupale za hrvatske klubove (dob = 14,01±05 godina, tjelesna visina = 165,4±6,14 cm, tjelesna masa = 57,52±6,93 kg). Svaka je ispitanica mjerena u 12 motoričkih testova. Za procjenu agilnosti to su: koraci u stranu (MAGKU), kretanje unutar dva trokuta (MAG2TR) i 93639OK s okretom za 180 stupnjeva (MAG90OK), za procjenu eksplozivne snage tipa sprinta: trčanje na 5m, 10m i 20m (MES5m, MES10m, MES20m) te za procjenu eksplozivne snage tipa skoka: skok u vis s pripremom (MESCMJ), skok u dalj s mjesta (MESSDM), Sarget 1 skok s mjesta (MESSAR1), skokovi iz stopala – visina, snaga i vrijeme kontakta i podloge (MESRJ, MESRJPa, MESRJRt). Rezultati dobiveni univarijantnom analizom varijance pokazuju da su dobivene statistički značajne razlike u pet varijabli. Kod maksimalne brzine kretanja s okretom za 180 stupnjeva (MAG9OK) najbolje rezultate postižu krilne, zatim vanjske te potom kružne igračice. Kada govorimo o maksimalnoj brzini kretanja na 5m (MES05m), maksimalnoj brzini kretanja na 10m (MES10m) te maksimalnoj brzini kretanja na 20m (MES20m), najbolje rezultate ponovno postižu krilne, zatim vanjske pa tek onda kružne igračice. Konačno, u testu maksimalne visine skoka s pripremom (MESCMJ) najbolje su krilne igračice, potom kružne pa vanjske igračice. Navedeni rezultati, u kojima su vidljive razlike u motoričkim sposobnostima igračica prema poziciji koju igraju, pokazuju da trening mora biti usmjeren razvoju motoričkog potencijala svakog igrača, kako bi se kasnije mogao nadograđivati, a igrač doseći vrhunsku razinu. Handball is a sport in which a good performance depends on the development of the player´s motor skills. Success is in handball achieved in a way that every player does the tasks required of him, based on the position he plays. These requirements change over time, therefore properly planned and programmed training is very important in the development of the player's motor skills, taking into consideration the position they play, as well as their age. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the handball players´ motor skills, according to the position they play. The sample consisted of 59 promising players who played for Croatian clubs (age = 14.01±05 years, body height = 165.4±6.14 cm, body weight = 57.52±6.93 kg). Each player was examined in 12 motor tests. To assess agility: steps to the side (MAGKU), movement within two triangles (MAG2TR) and 93639OK with 180 degrees turn (MAG90OK), to estimate the explosive power of the sprint type: running at 5m, 10m and 20m (MES05m, MES10m, MES20m) and for the explosive power jump type assessment: high jump with preparation (MESCMJ), long jump from place (MESSDM) Sarget 1 jump from place (MESSAR1), foot jumps – height, power and time of contact and base (MESRJ, MESRJPa, MESRJRt). The results obtained by univariant analysis of variance show that statistically significant differences have been displayed in five variables. Firstly, the maximum speed of movement with a turn of 180 degrees (MAG9OK) is the one where the best results are achieved by wing, then backs players, and then pivots. When it comes to the maximum speed of movement at 5m (MES05m), maximum speed of movement at 10m (MES10m) and maximum speed of movement at 20m (MES20m), the best results, again, are achieved by wing, then backs and lastly, pivots. Finally, the test maximum height of the preparation jump (MESCMJ) has resulted in wing players being the best, followed by pivots, and then back players. To conclude, these results prove that the differences in the players´ motor skills based on the position they play are visible and prominent. That means that the training must be aimed at the development of the motor potential of each player, which can gradually be upgraded, while the player can reach the top level of his performance.