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The article presents several kinds of watercolor papers and offers advice on how to select the right one in terms of the medium and technique employed. Manufactured in Italy, France, and England, finest papers are named and letter coded as rough (R), hot pressed (HP), and cold pressed (CP). Weight of paper ranges from 50 to 300 pounds in a ream of 500 sheets, and as a rule, 70-pound paper or more is recommended for watercolor. Images of different kinds of paper with paint results are presented such as wet and dry techniques on a 54-pound rough paper.

The article focuses on the establishment of a cigarette paper manufacturing plant by Ecusta Paper Corp. in North Carolina. It states that the Ecusta is aiming to break the monopoly of France over cigarette paper, by the construction of a 3,000,000 dollar plant and informs that test runs at the plant will begin from February 15, 1939, with production starting from April. It also states about the large amount of money spent by the company in conducting laboratory research for the plant.

This article focuses on the state of newspapers in France. In its passion, its quarrels, its gossip, its magnificent invective, its bad journalism but literary excellence, its infinite variety of political opinion, the French press is far more readable, entertaining and in some ways informative than the British or American. Because of the lack of competition the volume of advertising remains small. The "Temps" with only 70,000 circulation but the most important paper in France, is the cornerstone of the press interests. The "Temps" has three times the dignity of the New York "Times" and at least twice that of the "Times" of London.

The author provides suggestions on how to paint with oil on paper. She says that oil paintings are rarely done on paper, with canvas being the preferred base for the medium. Having experimented with various types, she mentions that a coated Japanese sheet marketed at Lucien Lefebre-Foinet in Paris, France, was found to be sturdy enough. When choosing black oil paint, the author also suggests the use of lamp black for consistency and depth.

The article focuses on issues related to international relations. Stabilization of the franc has brought with it in France an unemployment crisis of exceptional severity. France, cruelly impoverished by the war and the heavy cost of rebuilding the devastated regions placed upon her as a result of Germany's long default, has nevertheless enjoyed for a certain period an illusory ease which, sooner or later, was bound to disappear. This artificial prosperity she owed to inflation. Even during the war, France was forced to issue an enormous amount of paper money to meet expenses which were essentially destructive and sterile from an economic point of view.

The article discusses the increasing French business and investment in Canada and the politics related to the development. French direct investment in Canada has doubled to 400 million dollars since 1960. French President Charles de Gaulle, is aware of the political and economic opportunities in Canada, and in May, 1967 Quebec Premier Daniel Johnson visited him with a plan for a new French-built paper mill for the province. An extremist movement in Quebec is aiming at secession from Canada.

This article critically appraises the book "Memoirs of Prince Adam Czartoryski, and His Correspondence With Alexander I," edited by Adam Gielgud. The editor has done his work acceptably, and has provided it with an index. The publishers furnish good paper and large print, but seem to have no idea of consulting the convenience of readers by using typographical devices for distinguishing the matter of the memoirs from the editor's additions, letters, documents, and the like. Prince Adam relates his conversations with the future Emperor. He was deeply moved and surprised that a Russian heir to the throne should entertain sentiments so liberal, humane, and just, and should rejoice at the establishment of the French Republic and wish it success.

This article presents information about socio-political developments around the world. When a craze like the greenback movement or the silver movement of the U.S. begins, the consequences of which are just as well known to financiers as the results of certain combinations to chemists, the first impulse of the ordinary politician is to go into it with all his might, and flout the experience of the civilized world. The trouble into which France is once more plunged is probably due more directly to the state of mind of the Catholic clergy than to anything else, though, of course, when one says this one must bear in mind the peculiar condition of French society and the antecedents of French politicians.

The article examines the European Defense Community (EDC) plan and criticism regarding its implementation. The campaign for the EDC led by French Premier René Mayer has encountered opposition from proponents in the National Assembly. French Socialists insist that it can only support a European Army by having Great Britain as a member of the EDC, while the Nationalists advocate Germany's plan of rearmament and insist on full control of the French armed forces.

The article discusses the various methods of generating hydroelectric power in France, including the Alpine, the Pyrean, and the Central Massif solutions, and how this power is utilized by Alpine industries. The article discusses how these solutions work, the cost of implementation, and the expected power yield. Utilization of electric power by the electro-chemical and electro-metallurgic industries, paper manufacturers, and other industries is discussed. The article examines the location, power use, manufacture, labor conditions, and means of transportation for these industries. The article concludes that hydroelectric power has been essential to the survival of these industries which face the challenge of transportation within the mountains.

The article features "Le Figaro," a French daily founded in 1826 and published in Paris. The paper considers itself the voice of the Catholic middle class and has been virulently anti-communist. Some time ago, their stance caused the French Communist Party to burn its papers and attack its offices, but such increased their circulation to 400,000. Its managing director is Pierre Brisson, who has refused to resign despite attempts to fire him by the publication's owner, Yvonne Cotnareanu. The paper's history since its founding is described.

The affair of the Gazette du Franc is in itself a banal one. A lady called Mme Hanau, who ran what appears to have been a glorified bucket-shop, has been arrested together with an assortment of her alleged accomplices, and all are being tried by newspaper in the approved French fashion, with the zealous cooperation of the juge d'instruction, or examining magistrate, who seems to be enjoying himself immensely. French law, quite logically, lays down that, an instruction being secret, no information about what passes at it must be published, but laws in France are made to be broken and, as in all such cases, columns of the papers are filled with tendentious reports of the proceedings, evidently supplied by the examining magistrate, for no reporters are admitted.

Presents information regarding the media coverage of the World War I and the peace armistice in France. Observation that the opinions expressed in Paris from day to day were much more varied; Information that a good theoretical case can always be made out for government by!a benevolent autocracy, rather than by more or less haphazard and unwieldy legislatures; Argument that in the moments of war all nations become autocratic; Observation that in theory, a royal family gives that continuity of purpose difficult or impossible to maintain with constantly changing presidents and legislatures.

The article presents information on the French underground newspaper "La Cause du Peuple." It states that bimonthly newspaper La Cause is mouthpiece of the Maoist proletarian movement of France and its every issue is seized by French police. It further reports that the first two editors of the newspaper have been arrested and convicted under charges of inciting public disorder. Jean Paul-Sartre is the new editor of the newspaper.

This article presents secret cipher telegrams, said to have been found in the files of the Russian Foreign Office in Moscow, Soviet Union were published in August 6, 1921, shortly after the return of the delegates of the French Communist Party from the Congress of the Third International in Moscow. The Paris paper referred to, the Temps, is still regarded as the most authoritative of French papers on questions of international politics, and its editorial expressions are usually described as "semi-official," and are supposed to be "inspired" by the French Foreign Office, rarely assuming a position contrary to that taken by the Government.

The article discusses general interest issues in Paris, France. General Charles de Gaulle, first president of the Fifth Republic of France, has conducted a press conference discussing the French policy, relative to the proposed reestablishment of the gold standard and the reunification of Germany. France has issued a new piece of paper money, a hundred-franc note, featuring Pierre Corneille, the curator of French tragedy.

A correspondent who begins his war experience in France gets very soon a different external impression of the scope and methods of the censorship from the one he would be likely to receive if he began his observations in England. French newspapers, as every one who knows France will recall, are regularly much smaller than the ordinary daily journals of England or America. Rather oddly, they often find place for a serial story, and the quantity of advertising matter, while small in the aggregate, is often large in proportion to the size of the paper. As a consequence, news of all sorts must be presented in the briefest compass, and only events of the greatest momentary importance or interest can be set forth with even tolerable fullness.

The article provides information from the field of art. There has just been opened in the Champ de Mars one of the most interesting exhibitions held in Paris, France for some time past. Nothing could be more appropriate than the place and time chosen for the show. Lithography reached the very height of its popularity and artistic development in France, which, in this case, certainly means Paris; and it is now one hundred years exactly since accident led its discoverer to a discovery destined to prove so important in its results. Some art historians have urged the year 1898 as the proper centennial. Bernard Quaritch purchased collection of American colonial manuscripts, on account of the British Museum authorities. Besides numerous papers relating to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the West Indies, the volume contains papers relating to New England and Virginia. The students wishing to examine the papers should have at hand the printed catalogue of Additions to the Manuscripts in the British Museum, 1854-1875, published in 1877.

On December 13, 1951 a laconic announcement in Le Monde newspaper said that the shareholder's of the paper had decided by a vote of 190 to 65 to retain Hubert Beuve-Méry as editor. For the past three years Beuve-Méry has been the most controversial figure in French journalism, arousing greater devotion and hatred than almost any other man. Since the Korean war, when Beuve-Méry realized the immense dangers of MacArthurism and certain other American trends, Le Monde has been the target of particularly violent attacks by the French government, rival newspapers, and Washington.

Focuses on several socio-political issues around the world. Decision of France and Great Britain to publish a "blue book" and a "white paper" giving the correspondence and other pertinent documents regarding terms of the Anglo-French naval agreement; Acceptance of the French view that trained reservists are not to be counted as part of official military strength of any nation, by England in exchange for the naval agreement; Intentions of the Nanking government to proceed vigorously toward the abolition of extraterritoriality.

The article focuses on "Le Figaro" which is the leading conservative newspaper in France, and the agreement crisis between the paper owner and editorial management. It says that the chaotic condition of the paper started when press baron Jean Prouvost purchased Figaro and made an agreement with noted editor Pierre Brisson. It mentions Prouvost's decision to have more access in paper management such as the right to fire an editor-in-chief that ignited Figaro's staff to stage a one-day strike.

The article reports on sales innovations made by the government and one insurance company in France to help automobile owners during the depression in 1934.

The article reports on the actual small profits earned by the Tour d' Argent restaurant in Paris, France, as of December 30, 1967 in spite of being rated one of the country's top 12 restaurants. However, the owner reportedly does not regard his establishment as a business and his slim profit on an 800,000-dollar annual gross is due to his building ownership. It is stated that Tour serves a maximum of 200 persons a day to maintain the quality of its superb cuisine including the famous pressed duck and its elegant service.

Presents several editorials discussing issues and topics featured in previous issues of "The Nation." A Question of Diplomatic Tact," which discussed diplomatic relations between the U.S, Sweden, and France; "The Ultimate Embarrassment," which criticized the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon; "The Bad Paper," which discussed the abuse of the administrative discharge system of the U.S.; "An Unheralded Victory," which discussed the dismissal of charges against heart researcher Jeremiah Stamler; "Mice and Addicts," which discussed the causes and psychological impact of drug addiction; "Land Use: the Lid's Off," which discussed action taken by the U.S. House Rules Committee to prohibit the national land use legislation; "The Horseholders," which discussed the abuse of power by the U.S. government's higher officials.

The article discusses the state of the newspaper industry in Paris, France, which is facing a decline due to the drastic drop in circulation. It informs of various threatened newspapers including France Soir, Combat and La Croix. It states that readers are moving to provincial newspapers resulting in drop down in advertisement revenue, yet metropolitan papers are not doing much. Publishers have requested government for lower newsprint cost and increment in postal rates.

Presents letters to the editor referencing topics covered in previous issues. Plea for executive clemency for Ricardo Flores and Librado Rivera, two Mexicans who are imprisoned in the U.S. for spoken or written words under wartime legislation; Method of setting the French debt accounted in paper against the country's property estimated in gold; Search for material for a study of the life and works of Howard Pyle.

The article focuses on the success of Le Canard Enchaé, a publication founded by a pacifist journalist in 1917, through its sensationalism and sneering commentary formula. Le Canard was established as one of the greatest moneymakers in French journalism for earning a 12% profit on revenues of two million dollars in 1971. According to business manager André Sauger, the advantage of the paper to its competitor was it was instituted by craftsmen similar in the 19th century.

Photographs of a French port where the distribution of supplies for postwar victims in France are being done and a Thames River barge are presented.

The article focuses on the prestigious fashion reporter in Paris, France Fairchild Publications Inc. and its periodical "Women's Wear." It states that the periodical has been required reading for designers and sellers of American women clothes and Fairchild do not have editorials but only reliable paper. It also mentions that Fairchild spends 4,000,000 dollars per year on 25 American network and seven other news bureaus and is looking for new business to report on through magazine or paper.

This article focuses on the visit of French President Charles de Gaulle to Mexico. Whether or not the General is wholly sincere, he has built himself up as a champion of "national independence" and has been praised for it by men as different as Indian Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru. De Gaulle certainly has a way of getting `both himself and France talked about. The papers in the U.S. have been full of press quotes about his Mexican visit-quotes from China, Japan, India, England, Latin America and, above all, the U.S.

The article presents information on several socio-political developments from across the world. The new French press bill; which releases journalists from arbitrary punishment at the hands of the minister, and from the necessity of procuring permission to establish papers, but subjects them for all violations of the law to the jurisdiction of the "correctional police"--that is, of the lowest and least respectable branches of the French judiciary--without the intervention of a jury, is a great advance on the old regime, and is the fulfillment of the promise so unexpectedly, made by the Emperor a year ago. In spite of the extreme depression of Russia on the subject of the condition of the Turkish Christians, and the mysterious running to and fro of General S. Ignatieff, the Russian ambassador at Constantinople, and the preparation of breech-loaders for the army, all fear as well as all danger of war in the East seems to be passing away.

The article offers political news briefs worldwide in 1926. New York State Governor Alfred E. Smith has ordered the enactment of a law governing state aid to buildings and proposed the provision of State Housing Bank and State Housing Board. A group of Hungarians investigated the forgery of French paper currency at the Cartographical Institute to injure France by throwing on the market large sums in counterfeit currency and to provide money for the Fascist coup d'etat in Hungary.

Presents information on the economic consequences of the French occupation of the Ruhr, Germany. Assumption that France is in the Ruhr for political reasons, and is there to stay, the economic consequences will prove of vastly greater significance; Discussion of motives for the action of France in the Ruhr; View that the French leaders know well enough that Germany is in involuntary default on cash payments; Admittance that the sale of paper marks to foreign bankers and servant girls are no longer a lucrative source of revenue; Were there any valid economic reasons for the French opposition to the appointment of a commission of neutral experts to study the capacity of Germany to pay; Description of two alternatives open to the government in power in France; Report that the only possibility for economic gain lies in a permanent occupation, in the economic, if not political annexation of the Ruhr to France.

This article sheds light on the situation of colonialism in Africa. And yet some 150,000,000 black Africans live under conditions which make them ripe for communism. They are politically oppressed and economically exploited, segregated and kept largely illiterate. The leaders are becoming increasingly impatient with the gradualist policies of the colonial nations. France is trying a novel experiment in the administration of its overseas black territories. On paper, at least, the natives of these territories have become full-fledged citizens of the Republic and are directly represented in the National Assembly.

A biography of author, intellectual, and radical Thomas Paine is presented. It comments on his Quaker background, his friendship with statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin, and his views on the American Revolution and the French Revolution. Several of his works are considered, including the books "Common Sense" and "The Age of Reason" and the "American Crisis" papers.

Presents several letters to the editor regarding several previous articles and various socio-political issues and developments. Reasons for degradation of Churches in France; Remarks of the author on the errors in the review of the book "Papers and Correspondence of John Jay"; Genealogy of General George Washington.

This article presents information on economic and social developments from various parts of the world. Massachusetts has now tried its High-License Law for a year, and instead of finding in it a solution of the "temperance question," is even deeper in the mire of intemperance. The condition of the newspaper press is exciting just as much attention in France as it excites in the U.S. The invasions of private life by French journals are not nearly so gross as that of Americans, nor are the assaults on public men so personal as those of some of United States' worst papers.

This article presents the author's experience about his visit to Paris, France, and his observation regarding the French press and theater. There are fifty-one theaters now presenting plays. Paris is seething with intellectual activity. It's the one thing of which there is no shortage. Even the paper shortage, which has recently halved the newsprint allotment of every periodical in France, doesn't dim the basic fact, there are more and better politico- literary weeklies now than before 1939-all young, vigorous, independent. And everybody goes to the theater. Prices are way above pre-war level, there is no heat, even in the national theaters, there are electricity troubles and restrictions so that matinees start at five, but the intensity of projection and response is all the greater.

This article presents information on various literary developments which were brought about by the German aggression of France. An open contest for young writers was held on a weekly basis by a good literary paper. The subjects were "Portrait of a Collaborator Who Has Turned His Coat," and "Books Which Have Done Most Harm to France in the Last Four Years." Jean Bruller, whose "Silence of the Sea" remains the classic description of the pure French spiritual attitude toward the German triumph, now edits in the open his Editions de Minuit, which was the highwater mark of clandestine publishing. But it is taken as a sign of the present slackness of creative writing that his lists mainly include reprints.

This article presents information on Air Liquide, one of the largest industrial companies in France, and its president Jean Delorme. It describes Delorme's management style as autocratic and his subordinate executives participates in decision making only to carry out his decisions. Air Liquide has been enjoying good earnings since 1952. The company's operations extends across the world with plants in Japan, South Africa and Argentina.

The article focuses on the case of former police inspector Louis Salve and his partner Gaston Lange, who were arrested for pretending to be heroes during the Resistance in France. It was discovered that Salve and Lange had been selling authentic-looking Resistance papers at 400,000 to 600,000 francs a set. In 1947, a bronze plaque was placed on the wall of an apartment house in Paris believed to be the place where the first armed resistance movement, the Wolves of France, was created under their direction.

Focuses on the revelations, from the secret archives of the Tsar's government, about the involvement of nearly every important paper in the French capital in case of bribery. Information that they were made public by the Soviet authorities at Moscow, Soviet Union and published in L'Humanité Parisian communist daily; Reference of the period during which Soviet Union was floating, in France, the bond issues which were subsequently to play such an important part in world politics; Bribe given to all editors of all journals to refrain from publishing the news about the safety of Russian imperial government bonds; Detailed record of the sum paid as bribe.

There was a time when one looked in vain in the most influential papers of Paris for a word of appreciation for Matthias Erzberger, a friend of peace who was assassinated by German reactionaries because of his so-called anti-patriotism. Nor could one find in the Parisian press much understanding for the work of Walter Rathenau, foreign minister of the Reich and another victim of German reactionary fury. German leader Adolf Hitler is treated differently by some of the most powerful newspapers of France.

This article focuses on growing importance of press in France after liberation. The author says that the pre-war press failed in its mission to inform people. The author provides with information that before the war anyone could start a newspaper, so the rich people started the press with ties to big financial institutions. As a result, the pre-press France was less involved in national news and got closely involved with Germans which was so prevalent in big-business circles. The post-war press is a purely informative press.

Focuses on various socio-political developments that took place in the world. Information on the Germans' attack on a newly opened recruiting office of the world-citizenship movement launched in Paris, France; Reference to a special press conference called by U.S. General Douglas MacArthur in Japan; Announcement made by Daniel F. Malan, Prime Minister of South Africa, about the voting rights of colored people in the country; Complaint of the British newspaper owners about rations of newsprint; Spread of foot and mouth disease among cattle in a village in Mexico; History of the Arch of Titus which stands at the far end of the Roman Forum.

The blueprint of the Algeria to come that emerged from the Evian talks is something that, in most French minds, still belongs to a dim and nebulous future. No doubt, the statements made by the French Government concerning the future relations between France and an independent Algeria complete with civil, political, economic, legal and cultural guarantees for the European minority, and the technical, financial and economic cooperation between the two countries look good on paper, but what bothers the man in the Street in France today are the next six months, before an independent Algeria actually becomes a reality; or, rather, the next few weeks, in which it should become clear whether or not the OAS has sufficient strength to sabotage the whole plan.

The widespread apolitisme, with a kind of indifference arid semi-jocular fatalism is something that has been encouraged by nearly four years of Gaullist rule, under which public opinion has been lying dormant and parliamentary opinion has counted for next to nothing. Even serious papers like "Le Monde," scarcely bother reporting parliamentary debates any more, unless there's really something out of the ordinary: for example, when some weeks ago, no fewer than eighty deputies. The whole implication is that the Secret Army Organization are, after all, patriotic Frenchmen, and at least there can be no doubt that they are good anti-Communists.

The article presents information about some books that are to be published soon. The next volume of the Oxford Library of Prose and Poetry will be "Selections from Dr. Johnson's Rambler" edited with preface and notes, by W. Hale White. Scribner's Magazine for March contains some interesting letters of late scholar E.L. Godkin, a selection from the forthcoming two volumes of the "Life and Letters," edited by Rollo Ogden and published by the Macmillan Co. In the same issue of Scribner Magazine is the first of a series of papers titled "Impressions of Contemporary France," by Barrett Wendell.

Focuses on the French approach to its debts from the U.S. and Great Britain. Report that Great Britain has laid down the principle that she wants from the collectivity of continental debtors only sufficient payments to enable her to effect her own payments to the United States; Argument of the French that they should only be asked to pay a proper proportion of this reduced sum; Report that the French take the reduction to be absolute when in fact it is only conditional, and then urge that they are only liable, if the Soviet Union is excluded for half the amount required by Great Britain; Report that the Dawes Report is actually given an American name; View that in adopting the principle of the capacity of payment France does not adopt the principle of an impartial investigation into her finances; Information on the figures of French finances as they have been laid down by official persons for the guidance of the American Debt Funding Commission; View that France does recognize her debts and is only desirous of discussing ways and means; Report that while the currency is in a state of flux no valuation of wealth is possible and even were it possible it would be a poor guide to France's capacity, since much of the national wealth is altogether unconvertible; Report that while France protests that she could only pay something over 2,000,000,000 paper francs a year to both U.S. and Great Britain, the demands on her amount to about 4,000,000,000 which is the cost of the upkeep of her military forces; Report that Great Britain, though not protectionist in the same sense, is alarmed at commercial competition and the continued existence of unemployment and cannot favor and facilitate the transference either of German or of French wealth.