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In order to understand the effects of the soil-air heat exchanger on the surrounding soil and roots of a double-film solar greenhouse, a new double-film solar greenhouse and a single-film conventional greenhouse was compared in Lanzhou. The results show that heat exchanger affects soil temperature on cloudy days. On sunny days, soil temperature is greatly influenced by solar radiation. The shallow soil temperature of the double-film solar greenhouse is higher than that of the single-film conventional greenhouse, and the fluctuation range of soil surface temperature of single-film conventional greenhouse is obviously stronger than that of the double-film solar greenhouse. Double-film solar greenhouse can effectively increase the soil temperature, and the indoor thermal environment stability of the double-film greenhouse is stronger than that of the single-film greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1930s, with the intensification of the Japanese invasion of China, the survival and development of the Chinese nation faced great challenges. Under the great threat of national subjugation, people generally formed an imagination of a national community, which was mainly reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, individuals with lofty ideals are expected to contribute to the final victory of the war of resistance through their selfless dedication; on the other hand, in the face of Japanese imperialist aggression, the interests, goals, and nationalist values of all people were consistent, and the entire nation was united into a close community. But in fact, there was a great gap between the real individual and the community in the context of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression and it was hard to really go to a union. From this perspective, Ding Ling's writings during the Yan'an Period (1935-1948) - When I was in Xia Village and In the Hospital - are the true restoration of the relationship between individuals and the community in the context of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression. They are the direct writing of the wartime emotional experiences, which indirectly showed the hope and concern of most people for the victory of the difficult and lasting war of resistance against Japanese aggression and anti-colonial struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationships between the levels of serum meteorin-like glial cell differentiation regulator (Metrnl), regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with coronary heart disease (CHD) . Methods A total of 240 patients with T2DM who had coronary angiography (T2DM group) were selected and divided into the CHD group of 129 cases and non-CHD group of 111 cases according to the coronary angiography results, and another 64 healthy volunteers with physical examination were selected during the same period (control group) . The clinical data of T2DM patients were collected and serum Metrnl and RANTES levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlations between serum Metrnl and RANTES levels and Gensini score in T2DM patients, and multifactor Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing T2DM complicated with CHD, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of serum Metrnl and RANTES levels on T2DM complicated with CHD. Results Compared with the control group, serum Metrnl levels decreased and RANTES levels increased in the T2DM group (both P<0. 05). Serum Metrnl levels were lower and RANTES levels were higher in the CHD group than in the non-CHD group (both P<0. 05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between Gensini score and serum Metrnl level and a positive correlation with RANTES level in T2DM patients (rs = -0.657, 0.683, both P<0.05) . Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that increased body mass index (OR=1.145, 95% CI：1.008 to 1.300), prolonged duration of T2DM (OR=1. 120, 95% CI: 1.038 to 1. 208), elevated LDL cholesterol (OR = 1.959, 95% CI：1.009 to 3.805), elevated glycated hemoglobin A1c (OR = 1.361, 95% CI：1. 079 to 1. 718), and elevated RANTES (OR=1.329, 95% CI：1.057 to 1.671) were independent risk factors for T2DM complicated with CHD; and elevated Metrnl (OR = 0.893, 95% CI：0.867 to 0.919) was an independent protective factor (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum Metrnl and RANTES levels alone and in combination in predicting T2DM complicated with CHD were 0.774, 0.760, and 0.855, respectively, and the AUC of the combination of the two was greater than that of either index alone (all P<0.05). Conclusion The serum Metrnl and RANTES levels are closely related to the degree of coronary artery disease in T2DM patients, and are independent influencing factors for T2DM combined with CHD, which can be used as the predictors of T2DM patients with CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 18 autosomal short tandem repeats (STR) loci in 2 323 healthy unrelated individuals of Minjia branch of Bai nationality in Yunnan, calculate the population genetic parameters, and establish the genetic data of Minjia branch of Bai nationality in Yunnan, so as to provide the scientific basis for the parental identification and individual identification of forensic material evidence. Methods A total of 2 323 unrelated individuals from Minjia branch of Bai nationality population were collected. DNA TyperTM 19 kit was used for direct PCR compound amplification. AB 3130XL automatic genetic analyzer was used to separate the PCR compound amplification products by capillary electrophoresis. STR typing was performed with GeneMapper ID-x 1.5 software. Forensic parameters, such as allele frequency and matching probability, were calculated by Modified Powerstats software, and the hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test was performed. The Fst and P values were calculated using Arlequin software. Nei’ s genetic distance was calculated using Phylip software. Multi-dimensional scale (MDS) analysis was performed using SPSS software. The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed by Mega software. Results A total of 230 alleles and 1 073 genotypes were observed at 18 STR loci. Except that D13S317 loci was not in accord with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P = 0.000 8）, the allele frequencies and genotype frequencies of other loci were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05/20 = 0.002 5）. The cumulative discrimination power (CDP) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) of 18 STR loci were 0.999 999 999 and 0.999 999 940 55, respectively. The results of Fst, Nei’s genetic distance and NJ phylogenetic tree indicated that the Minjia branch of Bai nationality was close to the Bai nationality in Nujiang and the Bai nationality in Dali, but far away from the Bulang nationality in Yunnan and Va nationality in Yunnan. Conclusion The 18 STR loci mentioned above show the high genetic polymorphism in the Minjia branch of Bai nationality and they can be used for the forensic identification and population genetics research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To describe the characteristics and registration status of clinical trials of new drugs for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and to provide a reference for the design and implementation of clinical trials of new drugs for NASH. Methods The U. S. Clinical Trials Database, China Clinical Trial Registry, and Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, were searched for clinical trials of new drug registration and interventional studies with NASH as the indication published up to August 6, 2021, using NASH in English and Chinese characters as the keywords, and liver cirrhosis was excluded. Two researchers independently searched and screened the articles to extract relevant information. Results A total of 196 clinical trials of new drug registration or interventional studies for NASH were included, among which there were 174 trials registered abroad and 22 trials registered in China, and the number of registrations tended to increase year by year. The numbers of phase I, phase I/II (including lb/ Ila), phase II, phase II/ III, and phase III clinical trials were 45 (23.0%), 8 (4.1 %), 112(57.1 %), 4 (2.0%), and 19 (9.7%), respectively. The main drug types included farnesoid X receptors, fibroblast growth factors, peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor agonists, and glucagon - like peptide - 1, with numbers of 16 (8.16%), 14 (7.14%), 11 (5.61 %), and 13 (6.63 %), respectively. The clinical trials of innovative drugs for NASH initiated by the sponsors in European and American regions accounted for the highest proportion, and there was a gradual increase in the number of clinical trials of innovative drugs in China in recent years, with a similar distribution of single - center and multicenter clinical trials. As for the trials with NASH patients as subjects, the numbers of trials with pathology, imaging, and clinical diagnosis as the main inclusion criteria were 125, 66, and 42, respectively. Phase I clinical trials used safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic parameters as the main assessment indices, while phase II and phase III clinical trials often used safety and efficacy as the main assessment indices. The number of clinical trials for the registration of innovative drugs for NASH was relatively low but kept increasing in China, and there were fewer clinical trials of innovative traditional Chinese medicine drugs compared with innovative chemical drugs. Conclusion There is a significant increase in the registration of international clinical trials of innovative drugs for NASH, and most of these trials are in the early phases, with large differences in inclusion criteria and assessment indices, a lack of unified evaluation indices, and relatively few trials with new designs. There are fewer clinical trials of innovative drugs for NASH in China than in European and American countries, and the number of such trials is gradually increasing in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) still needs to be further studied, so it is necessary to establish an animal model that can highly simulate ONFH in humans. However, how to correctly evaluate the animal model of ONFH is a prerequisite for establishing the animal model of ONFH. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the evaluation methods of ONFH animal models worldwide in recent years, review the advantages and disadvantages of each evaluation method, explore new evaluation methods, and provide reference for the establishment of animal models. METHODS: Literatures related to the evaluation methods of ONFH animal models published from January 2010 to September 2020 were retrieved in CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science and Medline with the terms “osteonecrosis of femoral head, femoral head necrosis, animal model, evaluation methods” as the retrieval words. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 51 articles were included according to the inclusion criteria, including 33 in Chinese and 18 in English. In recent years, with the development of imaging technology and the introduction of new technologies, the evaluation options of ONFH animal model increase. Choosing a reasonable evaluation method can reduce the workload in the process of establishing animal models and provide reference for the follow-up research. So, the further improvement is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-label data widely exists in the real world, and multi-label feature selection is an important preliminary step in multi-label learning. Based on the fuzzy rough set model, researchers have proposed multi-label feature selection algorithms, but most of these algorithms do not pay attention to the co-occurrence characteristics between labels. In order to solve this problem, the similar relationship between the samples under the label set is evaluated based on the co-occurrence relationship bet ween the sample labels. This relationship is used to define the fuzzy mutual information between the feature and the label. Combining the principle of maximum correlation and minimum redundancy, a multi-label feature selection algorithm is designed. Experiments on 5 public data sets show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The development of a model of femoral head necrosis has been slow, and most studies have not elaborated the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models and optimal selection methods OBJECTIVE: To explore the most suitable animal modeling methods and modeling ideas, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and point out the existing problems and solutions, providing basis and ideas for the subsequent research on femoral head necrosis. METHODS: A search of CNKI, PubMed, and WanFang databases was performed for relevant articles published from 2009 to 2020 using the keywords of “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, animal model, osteoarthritis, collapse of the femoral head, trauma, corticosteroid, alcohol, liquid nitrogen” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 55 eligible articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Common causes of femoral head necrosis include alcohol, hormones, and mechanical trauma. Among them, there is no vomiting reflex center in rats, which is more commonly used in alcohol-based modeling. The mechanism of hormone-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is still unclear, mainly including three hypotheses: fat metabolism disorder, intravascular coagulation and osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of hormone-induced modeling in animal experiments is similar to humans, and it can also reflect the pathological changes of femoral head necrosis in the advanced stage. After the trauma, the femoral head suffers subchondral fracture and local collapse caused blood circulation disorder, which causes ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. But in animal experiments, the pathogenesis of trauma in animals is different from that of humans. However, there are certain problems in various animal studies: (1) In the modeling of hormone-induced models, there is no unified standard for the selection and dosage of hormones, and the uncertainty of the site of model necrosis. (2) The freezing dog model is more popular in recent years, but it lacks mature and accurate operation methods. The uncertainty of the freezing range has a certain impact on the later stage of modeling. (3) The pathogenesis in most trauma models is different from human pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite based augmentation system (SBAS) improves the accuracy and integrity of user positioning by broadcasting ephemeris corrections and associated integrity parameters through geostationary earth orbit satellites in real time. Minimum variance estimation method is proposed to derive the GPS ephemeris corrections and a Chi-square test is performed on the residual errors of corrected ephemeris to meet the integrity requirement. Satellite user differential range error (UDRE) and scaling matrix contained in message type 28 (MT28) are calculated based on the covariance information with the assumption that one of the reference stations failed. Actual data collected by 27 stations spread over China are applied to verify the proposed algorithm. International GNSS Service precise clock and orbit products are firstly taken as reference to assess the accuracy of ephemeris corrections. Results indicate that an accuracy of 0.1 m for clock and 0.4 m for orbit corrections can be obtained. Then， corrections of GPS broadcast ephemeris are estimated， the integrity parameters including UDRE and MT28 are generated. Chi⁃square test results of the ephemeris remaining errors show no exceeding of the threshold which reveals the integrity of corrections. A clear dependence of UDRE on satellite elevation is presented. On board clock failure and satellite maneuvering were simulated to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Measurement errors introduced by satellite abnormity can be effectively detected and compensated by the algorithm. With ionospheric delay corrected by Klobuchar model and ephemeris corrections generated in this contribution, SBAS positioning results achieve the accuracies of 0.7 m in horizontal direction and 1.0 m in vertical direction， which show an improvement of 30% in horizontal direction and 40% in vertical direction compared with the GPS single point positioning results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relationship among serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism, and bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Ninety-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis were divided into study group and 85 healthy persons were divided into health group. The serum 25- (OH)D levels were detected in the 2 groups. The genomic DNA was extracted and the VDR gene was detected using MassARRAY molecular weight array technology platform. The relationship between serum 25-(OH)D level and VDR gene polymorphism and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis was analyzed. Results The serum 25-(OH)D level in the study group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group (P<0.05), and it was lower in the patients with bone erosion than in the patients without bone erosion (P<0.05). The frequencies of genotype FF, Ff, and allele F of FokI locus and genotype AA, and allele A of ApaI locus in the study group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P<0.05). The frequencies of genotype ff and aa in the study group were significantly lower than those in the healthy group (P<0.05). Serum 25-(OH) D less than 30 ng/mL, FokI genotype FF and Ff, and ApaI genotype AA and Aa were risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (P < 0.05). Serum 25-(OH)D less than 20 ng/mL was a risk factor for bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (P<0.05). Conclusion Lack of serum 25-(OH)D increases the risk of bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The allele F of FokI and the allele of ApaI of VDR gene increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, but VDR gene is not associated with bone erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Through visiting the patients with atrial fibrillation who are accepting the anticoagulation therapy of warfarin， and retrospectively analyzing multiple factors which effected warfarin dosing and relationship of dosing and INR，we try to discuss a technique of effective and safe application of warfarin. Methods Retrospective analysis of hospital records were taken from 45 patients with primary diagnosis of AF. Patients enrolled were devided into group A with a starting dose of 1.25 mg/d or 1.5 mg/d， group B 2.5 mg/d or 3 mg/d. Acoording to maintaining dose， group C with a maintaining dose of less than 2 mg/d， group D 2∼3.5 mg/d，and group E exceeding 3.5 mg/d. In the case of dose unchanged， it's considered as reaching the mark when INR stability in 2.0∼3.0. Results the percentage of INR up to the standards， in group A 14.3％，group B 48.2％， group A was higher than the B （ = 0.018） .The values of INR were not statistically significant between group C，D and E. C group detected a total of six times greater than 3.0 （12.0％），D and E respectively 3.0％ and 2.0％， there are different between the value of a statistical significance. Each group's average maintaining dose was different in statistics（C as 0.738±0.152 mg/INR， D as 1.230±0.267 mg/INR，E as 2.056±0.379 mg/INR， ＜0.001）. Conclusion AF patients who choose 2.5 mg/d or 3 mg/d as a starting warfarin dose possess of higher INR standardized rate than chose who received lower dose，and furthermore，it dosen't increase the incidence of overanticoagulation. Patients who hold lower maintaining dose are more tendential of over-anticoagulation （INR＞3.0）. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic cushioning properties of locking clutch for a hydrodynamic transmission vehicle are studied to improve the locking quality in the transition process from hydrodynamic transmission operating condition to mechanical condition, in particular, to reduce the impact in vehicle’s locking process.The dynamic models for hydrodynamic torque converter with locking function and its input and output components are established. And the effects of oil-filling, buffer boosting, and step boosting on the locking quality during locking are analyzed. The optimal Latin hypercube design method is used to optimize the buffer slope in the buffer boost stage. The quality evaluation parameters, such as jerk, sliding time and sliding work, before and after optimization are compared using the proposed locking quality evaluation function. A locking characteristic test verification bench was built to verify the locking qualities before and after optimization. The results show that the proposed dynamic system simulation model can be used to accurately predict the dynamic locking process. The locking quality after optimization is significantly improved compared with the result before optimization, and the impact is significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the clinicopathological characteristics of second primary lung cancer following breast cancer and lung metastases from breast cancer，and then to analyze the risk factors in breast cancer patients with second primary lung tumor. Methods Clinical data of 55 breast cancer patients with second primary lung tumor and 205 breast cancer patients with solitary pulmonary metastasis in Shandong Cancer Hospital from January 2006 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors of primary lung cancer following breast cancer were analyzed using logistic regression model. Results Second primary lung cancer in patients "with first breast cancer accounted for approximately 21.2% (55/260) of pulmonary malignant solitary nodules，and 0.84%(55/6 580) of all breast cancer patients. The median intervals between the diagnosis of second primary lung cancer or lung metastasis and first breast cancer were 52 months and 42 months， respectively. These two groups showed significant difference between age， time interval between diagnoses， breast tumor size， auxillary lymph node metastasis， estrogen receptor， molecular subtype (luminal B and triple-negative) and history of radiotherapy (P<0.05 for all). A multivariate logistic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cervical pedicle screw fixation is a reliable method for the treatment of traumatic and non-traumatic cervical instability and cervical disc removal and fixation; however, the operation risks and the failure rate of screw insertion are still high. At present, the digital navigation template with digital computer technology, used in the department of orthopedics, has the advantages of accurate screw insertion and a small error in the screw insertion depth. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of the digital navigation template combined with cervical pedicle screw implantation. METHODS: This is a prospective, single-center, self-controlled, clinical trial. Thirty-two patients with cervical spondylosis will be recruited from the Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hebei Province, China. Before surgery, a three-dimensional (3D) navigation model of the cervical vertebrae will be designed by 3D reconstruction. The navigation template will be generated by 3D printing. The cervical pedicle screws will be implanted according to preoperatively designed models and the screw positions will be observed by computerized tomography (CT) after surgery. The patients will be followed up for 40 months. The primary outcome measure is the excellent and good rate of screw position 40 months after implantation. The secondary outcome measures include the Visual Analog Scale score, American Spinal Injury Association classification, cervical X-ray and CT images before implantation and 40 months after implantation, and the incidence of adverse reactions 40 months after implantation. The protocols have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Harrison International Peace Hospital in China (approval number: 20120630). The study protocol has been conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The recruitment of subjects will begin in December 2017. Samples and data will be collected from December 2017 to April 2019. Outcome measures will be analyzed in October 2020. This trial will be completed in November 2020. The results of the trial will be reported in a scientific conference or disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. This trial has been registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR-ONC-17013481). DISCUSSION: We will verify a high success rate of cervical pedicle screw implantation using the digital navigation template. The operation is simple and quick, with good efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at tlie problem that tlie energy recovery effect of hybrid pneumatic engine based on single stage energy storage system decreased witli the increase of tlie pressure of tlie air tank，double stage energy storage system was used into hybrid pneumatic engine，the view-point that the COP (coefficient of performance) could be improved by changing the inlet pressure was drawn preliminary. Based on the theory of variable mass thermodynamics，a mathematical model of compressed air circulation which was verified by testbed was established. Through the steady state simulation of the model，the influence of inlet pressure and air tank pressure on compressing braking process were obtained. The results indicate that the change of inlet pressure and the air tank pressure afect the quality of the recycled compressed air per circulation linearly. the ratio of air tank pressure and inlet pressure is a key factor affecting the COP which will decrease when the ratio increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of difficulties and problems faced by the practice teaching of software engineering major in nationalities universities, this paper probes the method to improve the practice teaching level. By a case study of innovative practice teaching of software engineering in Dalian Minzu University, a method for improving minority students’ practice application ability and engineering specification ability is presented by optimizing practice course construction, establishing mechanism to train teachers, improving practice teaching quality, exploiting all the potentialities of the minority students, enriching the cooperation content between university and enterprise and so on. At the same time, the practice teaching activity is launched based on the teacher’s studio and all kinds of subject competitions, the minority students’ innovative practice ability and cooperation ability are enhanced further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different frequency transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation treated on the postoperative cognitive function of patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy. Methods: Eighty patients who were scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were selected and divided into four groups named Group N and Group E1-E3. Group N enrolled 20 people who were treated without transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation, and the other sixty patients treated with different frequency transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation in Neiguan, Baihui and Fengchi,referred as group El-E3. And the frequency of stimulation in E1 was 2Hz, E2 was 100Hz and E3 was 2/100Hz. And then the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) were compared between the four groups. Results: Grading score as well as the incidence rate of POCD in group N were significantly higher than those of group E1-E3 (P＜0.05), while no significant difference was found between group El, E2 and E3 (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation could reduce the incidence of POCD in gynecological laparoscopic patients. But the frequency of stimulation might have no siginicant difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To investigate risk factors for pocket-related complications in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation after valvular surgery, as well as prevention and treatment strategies. Methods · The clinical data of 115 patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation after valvular surgery were collected. Postoperative pocket-related complications and the effects of long term administration of warfarin on them were retrospectively analyzed. Results · A total of 12 patients (10.43%) had pocket-related complications, including 8 cases (6.96%) of capsular hematoma and 4 cases (3.48%) of capsular infection or rupture. The average age of 12 patients at their first implantation was 66.5±7.1 years, among whom five are male (41.7%). For the warfarin group, 6 patients (9.23%) had capsular hematoma and 4 patients had capsular infection or rupture (6.15%). Conclusion · The incidence of pocket-related complications in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation after valvular surgery is high. Long term administration of warfarin is a risk factor. Enhancing the awareness of pocket-related complications and prompt treatment can decrease the incidence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the braking efficiency of dual torus hydrodynamic retarder, the parameter optimization design of blade top arcs is studied. A numerical model of internal flow passage is established based on the parametric modeling method of blade top arcs. The computational fluid dynamics method is used for design of experiments with the radius and distance of blade top arcs as design variables, and the sensitivity analysis of two parameters having the effect on brake performance is made. A gradient optimization algorithm is used to get the optimum result by building an approximate model of braking torque. The influence of design parameters on internal flow field and external brake performance is analyzed, and the simulated results are compared with the experimental data. The results show that the brake performance of hydrodynamic retarder after optimization is significantly improved, the braking torque is increased by 70.8%, and the blade structure meets the strength requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unstable surface states of the sliding interface lead to fluctuant emissivity, causing inaccurate infrared temperature measurement. In this study, wideband emissivity on end-face sliding contact interface, which was composed of a 45# steel upper sample and a tin bronze lower sample, was researched under grease lubrication by an infrared temperature measurement system, which was designed and built using a thermal imager and 3 infrared thermometers. Lithium base grease contains molybdenum disulfide of 10% (mass fraction). Three through-holes were drilled on the lower sample, right below the contact area. Through these holes, the infrared thermometers aimed at the contact area, and the brightness temperature of the contact area (BTCA) could be obtained with the constant emissivity of 1. All the lateral surfaces of the samples and the fixture were sprayed with matt black paint, which had a constant emissivity of 0.95. Then the temperature distribution of the lateral surface was obtained using the thermal imager which was placed 400 mm away from the samples. The temperature of the point P (TP), which was located in the outermost of the contact area and whose temperature was measured by the thermal imager, was considered as the actual real average temperature of the contact area. A series of experiments were carried out with different load and rotational speed, and the instantaneous data, such as friction coefficient were recorded. And the wideband emissivity was calculated with the TP and BTCA. Through the comparison and analysis, it was found that the distribution of the lateral surface of lower sample tended to be homogeneous after 1 800 s friction. However, on the upper sample’s lateral surface, the nearer from the contact area, the higher the temperature. The TP and BTCA showed a similar variation trend during the friction process, which steeply rose in the beginning and then slowed down. With the rotation speed of 400 r/min, the temperature rise under 100 N was higher than that under 200 N, because the temperature rise was not just affected by the load and sliding speed, but also by the friction coefficient. The BTCA was obviously less than the TP, because the preset emissivity for the thermometers exceeded the real wideband emissivity of the interface. The wideband emissivity of the interface was 0.8 because the grease film and the surface states changed. According to the changing curve of friction coefficient and wideband emissivity, the friction process was divided into running-in stage and steady wear stage. In the running-in stage, the wideband emissivity slumped from 0.96 to 0.86 (slightly different under different test conditions) due to the radical changes of surface states caused by the radical surface morphology and temperature changes. In the steady wear stage, in contrast to the previous, the wideband emissivity grew slowly and trended to be stable. This experimental result reveals the wideband emissivity change regularity on the sliding contact interface under grease lubrication during the friction, and the study may also provide a reference for improving the precision of infrared temperature measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the significance of internal fixations of intertrochanteric hip fractures in elder patients by comparing the effects of various kinds of internal fixations. Methods: One hundred and twelve senile patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures were followed up. They were treated with the four kinds of operations respectively: dynamic hip screw(DHS), locking proximal femur plate(LPFP), proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA)and femoral head replacement(FHR). The data of each group were collected for statistical analysis on the following aspects: operative time, mean intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and the Harris hip function scores. Results: The operative time, blood loss and postoperative complication in PFNA group was significantly less than the other groups(P<0.05). And the results of the DHS group, the LPFP group and the FHR group were similar(P>0.05). The Harris hip score of PFNA and FHR group were superior to the other group(P<0.05). But, the Harris hip score of PFNA and FHR group was similar(P>0.05). Conclusions: 4 kinds of internal fixations have their advantages and disadvantages, so the reasonable kind of internal fixations should be chosen to treat different type of intertrochanteric fractures in the senile patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 20 autosomal STR loci in Miao population from Wenshan and Honghe regions, and to explore their forensic values. Methods DNA was extracted with the Chelex-100 method. A total of 20 STR loci were amplified from 2 209 healthy unrelated individuals of the Miao population from Wenshan and Honghe regions, Yunnan Province using the PowerPlex®21 System kit. The PCR products were separated by capillary electrophoresis on an ABI 3130Genetic Analyzer, and alleles were genotyped by GeneMapper ID (Version 3.2) software. Forensic parameters were calculated by Modified-Powerstats software, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test was performed. The Fst values and Nei's genetic distance were calculated by Arlequin and Phylip software, respectively. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis was performed with SPSS v24.0 statistical software and the neighbor-joining (N-J) phylogenetic tree was constructed using the MEGA v6.0 software. Results A total of 265 alleles and 1 080 genotypes were observed. The allele frequency of the 20 STRs ranged from 0.000 2 to 0.5718. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05/20 = 0.002 5) was observed. The cumulative discrimination power (CDP) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) with 20 STRs were 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 932 674 151 and 0.999 999 935 545 335, respectively. Population comparison showed that Wenshan and Honghe Miao nationality was genetically closer to Yunnan Vietnamese. Conclusion These 23 STR loci are highly genetic polymorphic and informative in the Miao population from Wenshan and Honghe regions, Yunnan Province, which can be used for forensic identification and population genetic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under seismic loads, coarse-grained soil materials like rockfill materials usually crush, which leads to their dynamic features are distinct greatly from those without particle breakage. In order to investigate the cyclically dynamic properties of crushable grain materials, dynamic triaxial tests are performed on these kinds of materials under consolidation undrained (CU) conditions with the frequency of 1.0 Hz, and the applied confining pressure is respectively 100, 200, 300 and 400 kPa. It is experimentally demonstrated that all the samples were axially contracted at failure, and behave strain hardening. The axial strain curves can be divided into three stages of the initially rapid increase stage, the middle stability stage, and the last failure stage, and the duration for the three stages is distinct, so is the variation of the samples. With the increase of the cyclic times, the dynamic pore pressure will increase, and the higher the excitation force under the same confining pressure, the faster the dynamic pore pressure rises. For the dynamic strength, the smaller the stress ratio, the lower the dynamic strength curve. The damping ratio increases in a whole with the increase of dynamic shear strain, and under the same confining pressure, the smaller the axially excited force, the smaller the damping ratio. Many factors including the excited force, confining pressure, the cyclic number can affect the particle crushing, and their contributions to particle breakage vary greatly under the same confining pressure (or the axially excited force), and with the increasing confining pressure, the grain crushing occurs more easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的 分析智齿冠周炎患者的口腔健康相关生活质量(OHQOL)及冠周袋菌群变化.方法 选取智齿冠周炎患者144例(智齿冠周炎组),同期体检健康者144例为空白对照组.采用口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-14中文版)评价两组OHQOL;采集两组菌斑,涂片后进行革兰染色,正置高倍显微镜计数细菌数量及G+菌、G-菌、螺旋体所占比例.结果 智齿冠周炎组OHIP-14总分为(18.94±5.04)分,空白对照组为(10.53±7.03)分,二者比较P＜0.01.智齿冠周炎组冠周袋内G+菌所占比例低于空白对照组(P均＜0.01),G-菌、螺旋体所占比例及细菌数量均高于空白对照组(P均＜0.01).结论 智齿冠周炎患者OHQOL降低,冠周袋菌群比例失调. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的观察渐进式射频消融术中完成环双侧肺静脉前庭线性消融后房颤未转律的患者静脉给予尼非卡 兰转复效果，以优化射频消融流程。方法76例持续性心房颤动患者，均接受渐进式射频消融术治疗；其中36例 （A组）完成环双侧肺静脉前庭线性消融后心房颤动未转为窦性心律，即静脉给予尼非卡兰进行药物转复；40例（B 组）完成环双侧肺静脉前庭线性消融后心房颤动未转为窦性心律，即行左房顶部线消融、二尖瓣峡部线消融，心房颤 动仍未转为窦性心律，即静脉给予尼非卡兰进行药物转复。观察两组患者应用尼非卡兰后转复情况（窦性心律、规 律性心房扑动、仍为心房颤动）、手术时间、X射线透视时间、心包填塞及早期房性心律失常复发情况。结果两组 患者应用尼非卡兰后转复情况、心包填塞及早期房性心律失常复发情况相比，P 均>0. 05。A组患者手术时间、X射 线透视时间均低于B组（P 均<0. 05）。结论与完成环双侧肺静脉前庭线性消融、左房顶部线消融、二尖瓣峡部线 消融后仍为心房颤动的持续性心房颤动患者相比，在完成环双侧肺静脉前庭线性消融后发现患者仍为心房颤动时 静脉应用尼非卡兰，可减少手术时间和X射线透视时间，且不影响转复效果。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

在人工智能发展热潮的背景下，智能医学影像的发展能够满足日益增长的诊疗需要，减轻影像科医师的负担和降低误诊率，提高基层诊疗水平和促进分级诊疗制度落实。该文分析了智能医学影像的政策出台、科研、临床应用和产业化现状。针对目前智能医学影像发展面临局限于单病种、产品鲁棒性有待提高、结果不可解释、存在算法歧视、隐私保护和责任归属法规缺失、产品商用门槛高等挑战，提出了相应的建议。希望智能医学影像的参与各方能够加强合作，各尽其责，促进智能医学影像的良性发展。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-granularity is one of the important research directions in the field of granular computing. It represents the research of problem solving at two or more different granules and already has become a new computing method to solve complex problems. Rough set theory is a kind of computing tool to solve uncertain problems effectively. As one of the core contents of rough set theory，attribute reduction has been widely studied in the fields of data mining，machine learning，and granular computing. It is a meaningful problem to apply the idea of multi-granularity to attribute reduction. The granulation idea in granular computing theory is used to granulate attributes to form multiple granules. Then we evaluate the significance of attribute granules and the significance of attributes in attribute granules based on discernibility matrix. Finally， a multi-granularity attribute reduction algorithm based on these two significance measures is designed. By selecting attributes from different granules， the reduction results obtained by this algorithm are more representative and different. In order to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method，experiments on six data sets show that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The application of amine method gas desulfurization process in a natural gas purification plant was prone to producing solution pollution, foaming, and other issues. The introduction of mechanical filtration and MDEA ion exchange purification and reactivation technology partly alleviated the problem of solution oxidation degradation pollution. However, mature application experience has not yet been formed for the removal of organic impurities that are prone to foaming in the solution, such as hydrocarbons and surfactants. In order to solve the problems of organic impurity pollution and frequent foaming of desulfurization amine solution in the middle and later stages of gas field development, experimental research was conducted on the removal technology of hydrocarbon impurities in amine solution. Methods The activated carbon adsorption experiments and foaming performance evaluation of amine solution were carried out, and the optimal activated carbon suitable for natural gas purification was selected. Results The results of filtration experiments and foaming experiments of activated carbon materials indicated that coconut shell activated carbon had a better adsorption effect. Coconut shell activated carbon with higher iodine value and smaller particles had a higher adsorption effect. However, too small particle size would bring secondary pollution to amine solution, resulting in increased risk of downstream pipeline blockage. According to the comparison of the turbidity of amine solution, oil removal rate and foaming experiment results before and after filtration, the coconut shell activated carbon with 30-40 mesh（380-550 μm） and iodine value of 1 142 mg/g was selected from the samples sent by the manufacturer as the filter material for removing hydrocarbon impurities from the amine solution for desulfurization of natural gas in gas field. Conclusions The coconut shell activated carbon with appropriate iodine value and strength was preferred as the activated carbon filter element material for natural gas desulfurization amine solution, and a mechanical filter was added downstream to further remove mechanical impurities and activated carbon powder in the solution and reduce the foaming frequency of solution pollution. After optimization and transformation, the device runs smoothly, and the foaming and liquid blocking conditions are significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

亚健康状态是临床常见的一种病症，近年来在我国的发病率有明显增加的趋势，而且逐渐年轻化 [1] ．笔者于2008 年 4 月 至 2013 年 6 月采用中西医结合疗法治疗亚健康状态 60 例，疗效满意，现报道如下. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although antiretroviral therapy appears to prolong the lifespan of people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWH), but the suicidal risk of these people is still significantly higher than the general population. Some PLWH had suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and suicidal plan. The reasons for the high risk among these people mainly include as follows. ① The demographic factors include gender, sexual orientation, age, religion, race, etc. ② The social psychological factors are stressors(stressful or traumatic life events, social or interpersonal problems and mental illness), stigma, hiding HIV history, etc.Social or interpersonal problems include discrimination, social isolation, lack of social support, etc. Mental diseases include depression, anxiety disorders,substance use disorders, etc. In order to reduce the suicidal risk of PLWH, the government and related organizations can research and improve these social psychological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various types of error coupling transmission mechanisms and the dimensional tolerance optimization design of multi-faceted shafting assembly are analyzed by taking the multi-faceted shafting assembly as the research object. Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the measured size of assemly ring,and the mean value of radial run-out tolerance and its distribution law are obtained. A prediction method for the radial circle run-out of variable boundary circle is proposed,and the integrated cumulative error including the coaxiality and the matching tolerance of shaft hole is established. This method is extended to the assembly error modeling of complex assembly to realize the prediction of the radial run-out tolerance in the design. With the goal of accumulating the radial runout at the end of the assembly,the average assembly accuracy,assembly reliability,and processing cost are set as constraints,and the optimization of system structure and its component tolerances is performed. Taking the design of a certain type of torque converter as an example,the feasibility and practicability of this method for predicting the cumulative radial run-out tolerance of the shaft system are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of potato industry, potato as staple food has gradually become a world trend, and accelerating the development process of the potato industry is of great significance for the development of agriculture in China. To select drought- resistant potato varieties suitable for planting in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the physiological indicators of 18 potato varieties under drought stress in field conditions were measured at the seedling, tuber formation, and tuber bulking stages. Peroxidase (POD) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of potato leaves generally showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing and SPAD value gradually decreased as the growth period progressed under drought stress treatment. No clear change pattern was found for malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble sugar content and proline (Pro) content in the 18 varieties tested. Membership function analysis was performed based on various physiological indicators. The average membership function values of 'Zhongshu 28' and 'Zhongshu 9' at seedling, tuber formation and tuber bulking stages were 0.623 9, 0.543 2, 0.814 8 and 0.561 2, 0.488 7, 0.704 2, respectively, indicating that they are relatively drought-resistant potato varieties. The results of this study provide data support for evaluating drought resistance index of potato and have important reference value for selecting droughtresistant potato varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental activity and state, as the external expression of viscera and essence in the process of human life, are the main research subjects of Chinese medicine constitution (CMC) and psychology. As a branch of traditional Chinese medicine, CMC focuses on the essential and overall physical and mental health of humans, while psychology refers to in-depth research on the formation and development of psychological phenomena. There are certain similarities in research purposes, discipline development, theoretical composition, research method, and other aspects between these two disciplines; therefore, they have some intersection in research fields. According to the three key scientific issues of CMC, this essay compares the classification method, formation factors, external manifestations, measurement research method, and clinical applications of the two disciplines from four aspects: constitution classification of constitution classifiable theory and psychological classification, constitution identification of constitution classifiable theory and psychological measurement, constitution-disease correlation theory and physical-mental diseases, and theory of constitution adjustment and psycho-therapy. It is believed that the two disciplines of CMC and psychology can learn from each other and develop new common research fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation between CT perfusion parameters and renal function biochemical indexes in patients with renal tumor. Methods: 35 patients with renal tumor ine from March 2013 to January 2018 were selected as the observation group,another 35 healthy persons who were admitted to The Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei Province during the same period were selected as control group. CT perfusion imaging was performed in two groups, and CT perfusion parameters such as equivalent blood volume (Equiv BV), permeability surface (Ps), blood flow (BF) were obtained. The renal function biochemical indexes such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were detected in two groups, and the results of the above indexs in two groups were compared. The correlation between CT perfusion parameters and renal function biochemical indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Compared with the control group, the CT perfusion parameters such as Equiv BV,Ps and BF in the observation group were all decreased, and the levels of renal function biochemical indexes such as BUN, Scr, TC and TG were all increased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that CT perfusion parameters such as Equiv BV, Ps and BF were negatively correlated with renal function biochemical indexes TC and BUN (P< 0.05), but not correlated with Scr and TG (P>0.05). Conclusion: CT perfusion parameters such as Equiv BV, Ps and BF of renal tumor patients were lower, and the levels of BUN, Scr, TC and TG were higher. CT perfusion parameters are negatively correlated with the levels of BUN and TG, which can be used as an auxiliary method to evaluate renal function in patients with renal tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato is an important food crop, and sensitive to water. With global warming, drought damage to agriculture is increasing. In order to enrich new varieties of potato resistant to drought in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the main agronomic characters, yield and quality characters related to drought resistance of 18 potato varieties were measured under the drought stress treatments. Principal component analysis was performed on 10 main traits, including the number of tubers per plant, mean tuber weight and number of large- and medium- sized tubers. The cumulative contribution rate of three principal components was 71.293% . According to the comprehensive score, 'Zhongshu 31', 'Huasong 7' and 'Huasong 56' were considered relatively drought- resistant. The genetic diversity of 18 potato varieties was analyzed using SSR molecular marker technology. Based on the genetic distance (GD) value of 0.66, 18 potato varieties were divided into four categories: 'Zhongshu 9', 'Zhongshu 28', 'Zhongshu 31', 'Neinongshu 2', 'Atlantic', 'Zhongshu 18' and 'Zhongshu 668' in category I; 'Zhongshu 27', 'Zhongshu 19', 'V7', 'Huasong 56', 'Xisen 6', 'Huasong 58', 'Neinongshu 1' and 'Huasong 34' in category II; 'Huasong 7' and 'Innovator' in category III; and 'Jizhangshu 12' in category IV. This study provides a basis for the utilization of potato germplasm resources and the selection of drought resistant breeding parents in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vibration and noise problems of aero-engine gearboxes have become the key elements that influence the reliability, life and operation environment of power transmission system. This paper clarifies the main sources and transmission path of the gearbox system based on the summarization and analysis of its mechanism, which can help the designer make choices among the main influential parameters during design phase. Additionally, this paper establishes a prediction method for gearbox radiant noise, which benefits the gearbox noise assessment and pinpoints the weak spots of the gearbox structure so as to optimize the gearbox structure. Research results lay a good foundation for designing a gearbox with low vibration and noise level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The performances of fluorinated surfactants by introducing fluorinated segments into sutfactants were studied. Methods Maleic anhydride, dodecyl primary amine, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), perfluorobutyl ethanol and sodium bisulfite were used to synthesize wetting and emulsifying fluorinated surfactants( EFS). The structure of EFS was characterized by FTIR and ' HNMR. The wettability, emulsifying and oil displacement properties of EFS were investigated. Results The EFS can effectively improve the wettability and change the oil-wet glass surface into neutral surface, showing wetting reversal properties. Besides, the emulsification and solubilization performance indicated that 0.2% EFS has good emulsifying properties for crude oil. Moreover, the EFS presented good oil displacement performance, and more than half of crude oil in capillary can be driven out when the concentration of EFS was 0. 2% within 24 hours. Meanwhile, the larger angle between capillary and bottle bottom, the easier the crude oil is driven out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

目的观察弹簧圈或联合支架栓塞治疗大脑中动脉M1末端分叉处动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 21例脑中动脉M1末端分叉处动脉瘤患者,共22个动脉瘤,均采用血管内介入栓塞治疗。单纯采用弹簧圈栓塞治疗8例,弹簧圈联合支架栓塞治疗13例(宽颈动脉瘤中联合Solitaire支架辅助栓塞2例、Enterprise支架辅助栓塞4例、Lvis支架辅助栓塞3例,相对宽颈动脉瘤采用支架微导管辅助栓塞4例)。随访观察治疗效果。结果 21例患者均成功完成手术,术后即刻造影显示栓塞效果按照改良Raymond分级为Ⅰ级15例、Ⅱ级5例、Ⅲ级1例。18例患者随访6～30个月,无动脉瘤再破裂出血及其他并发症。结论弹簧圈或联合支架栓塞治疗大脑中动脉M1末端分叉处动脉瘤的临床效果较好。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The load fluctuation and vibration of blade should he analyzed in the design of high power den­sity and compact stamping-welded tofque converter. The simulation is based on fluid structure interaction and dynamic mesh. The load fluctuation and vibration in time domain are extracted by setting the monitoring points along the blade From inlet to outlet. Fast Fourier transform and modal analysis are used in frequency domain analysis. The analysis results indicate that the max toad fluctuation and blade vibra­tion are at the inlet of blade because of the hydraulic impact, and the amplitudes of load fluctuation and blade vibration decay along inlet to outlet at a certain speed ratio. As the speed of turbine is higher, the amplitudes also decay. The peak frequency of load fluctuation is between the second-order and third-order modals, and also the amplitude of load fluctuation decreases at higher speed ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of low atrial septum pacing， and investigate a simplified location methods for low atrial septum pacing. Methods Forty eight patients with pacemaker implantation standard，were randomly divided into two groups. Group A （n＝24） with low atrial septum pacing by active fixation electrode （LAS group），and group B （n＝24） with traditional right atrial appendage pacing by electrode passive fixation （RAA group） . The atrial electrode operating time， the success rate of implantation were recorded，and the pacing parameters were measured in first week，first months and third months after operation，and associated complications including electrode dislocation，pace pocket infection and blood，pericardial effusion was observed. Results There were 21 cases success in atrial electrode location operation and 3 cases of failure in LAS group， while all operations were completed successfully in RAA group. Atrial electrode operation time had significant difference between two groups. The operate time of LAS group was longer than that of RAA group （6.3±0.8 min vs 3.5±0.5 min， <0.05） . Pacing parameters remained stable during operation and on the first week，first and third months post-operative， and no significant differences existed between the two groups. No complications occurred during 3 months follow up. Conclusion The new simplified design technique of J shape duo-curve guide wire could increase the success rate of low atrial septum pacing. Low atrial septum pacing through active fixation electrode is safe and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In deep and high-steep formation, the first arrival wave of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) with zero well spacing appears bifurcation phenomenon or multiple wave, which makes the traditional VSP first arrival picking method unable to meet the processing requirements. Aiming at the problem of first-arrival pickup of zero-offset VSP, Numerical modeling analysis method was used to clarify the reason for the anomaly of zero offset VSP first-arrival wave in deep high and steep formation, because the formation dip angle is larger, the seismic wave far away from the wellbore reaches the geophone before the vertical incident wave through the high-speed formation, and the larger the formation dip angle is, and the greater the difference between the upper and lower medium velocities is, and the more obvious the bifurcation phenomenon is. The numerical simulation results are in agreement with the first-arrival field characteristics shown in the actual data. Then on the basis of this, a strategy of continuous downward picking along the shallow "first wave" in-phase axis based on forward modeling is proposed, which has been applied in the zero-offset VSP processing of Zhonghan 1 well in Tarim Basin and achieved good application effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optimization platform of hydraulic retarder cascade is established to optimize the parameters of the bowed blade of dual torus hydraulic retarder. The parametric modeling of single periodic flow is achieved, and the grid independence is studied to validate the credibility of simulation model. Based on CFD simulation, the design of experiments is adopted to study the influences of blade wrap angles and pressure surface radii on the brake performance. The response surface methodology is built to get the optimum parameters, and the multi-island genetic algorithm is used for global optimization design. Comparison of internal flow field and brake performance before and after optimization shows that the brake performance of hydraulic retarder with the optimum parameters is improved observably, and the braking torque is averagely increased by 42.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the clinical value of indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15) in the evaluation of hepatic functional reserve. Methods A total of 185 patients with liver disease, including 45 cases of liver failure, 90 cases of cirrhosis (child A, B and C, respectively), 20 cases of acute hepatitis, 30 cases of chronic hepatitis (mild, moderate). Expression levels of ICGR15 were compared between groups. Values of ICGR15, total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), blood coagulation time (PT) were compared before treatment and one month after treatment in hepatic failure group. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), TBIL and ICGR15 were compared before treatment and 1 month after treatment in acute hepatitis group. Results Levels of ICGR15 (%) were 56.3±14.7, 28.9±9.6, 22.4±6.8 and 13.7±2.3 in liver failure group, liver cirrhosis group, acute hepatitis group and chronic hepatitis group, which showed a gradual downward trend (F=125.317, P < 0.05). Among them, the levels of ICGR15 (%) were 17.3±5.4, 25.7±7.5 and 34.5±7.3 in Child A, B and C groups of liver cirrhosis group, which showed a gradual upward trend (P < 0.05). After one month treatment, levels of TBIL, PT and ICGR15 were significantly lower than T helper 17 cells; intima-media thickness before the treatment in liver failure group. The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and ICGR15 were significantly lower after treatment than those before treatment in acute hepatitis group (P < 0.05). Conclusion ICGR15 can reflect hepatic reserved function, which is not affected by the application of albumin and fresh plasma, and makes up the deficiency of PT and ALB detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum phosphorylated tau-181 (P-tau-181), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its predictive value analysis. Methods: 90 patients with AD who were admitted in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as AD group, 90 cases of vascular dementia VD patients as VD group, 90 healthy people who had physical examination in our hospital at the same time as the control group, the levels of serum P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA), Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE) and clinical dementia rating scale(CDR) were compared in each group, the serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG and Lp-PLA2 in AD patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment were compared, and the correlation of each index was analyzed, ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum P-tau-181, 8-OHdG and Lp-PLA2 levels for AD. Results: The serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 in AD group were significantly higher than those of VD group and control group (P<0.05), there was no statistical difference between VD group and control group in serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 (P>0.05). The scores of MOCA, MMSE in AD group and VD group were significantly lower than those of control group, CDR score was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), there was no statistical difference in Moca, MMSE and CDR scores between AD group and VD group(P>0.05). With the decrease of cognitive function in AD patients, the serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 gradually increased (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 were negatively correlated with MOCA, MMSE scores, and positively correlated with CDR scores(P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 in the diagnosis of AD was 88.55%, 89.34%, 89.77%, and the specificity was 81.94%, 82.56%, 85.67%. Conclusion: The serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 in patients with AD are abnormally elevated, which can reflect the degree of cognitive dysfunction of patients, and have certain value for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum phosphorylated tau-181 (P-tau-181), 8-hydroxydeoxyguano- sine (8-OHdG), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its predictive value analysis. Methods: 90 patients with AD who were admitted in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as AD group, 90 cases of vascular dementia VD patients as VD group, 90 healthy people who had physical examination in our hospital at the same time as the control group, the levels of serum P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA), Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE) and clinical dementia rating scale(CDR) were compared in each group, the serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG and Lp-PLA2 in AD patients with different degrees of cognitive impairment were compared, and the correlation of each index was analyzed, ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of serum P-tau-181, 8-OHdG and Lp-PLA2 levels for AD. Results: The serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 in AD group were significantly higher than those of VD group and control group (P<0.05), there was no statistical difference between VD group and control group in serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 (P>0.05). The scores of MOCA, MMSE in AD group and VD group were significantly lower than those of control group, CDR score was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05), there was no statistical difference in Moca, MMSE and CDR scores between AD group and VD group(P>0.05). With the decrease of cognitive function in AD patients, the serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 gradually increased (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 were negatively correlated with MOCA, MMSE scores, and positively correlated with CDR scores(P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 in the diagnosis of AD was 88.55%, 89.34%, 89.77%, and the specificity was 81.94%, 82.56%, 85.67%. Conclusion: The serum levels of P-tau-181, 8-OHdG, Lp-PLA2 in patients with AD are abnormally elevated, which can reflect the degree of cognitive dysfunction of patients, and have certain value for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed that the use of high viscosity bone cement for vertebroplasty can significantly reduce the risk of bone cement leakage. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of high viscosity bone cement vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. METHODS: From October 2014 to February 2017, 200 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were enrolled at the Department of Osteopathy, Hengshui City People’s Hospital, including 82 males and 118 females, aged 60-82 years. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: trial group (n=100, high viscosity bone cement for vertebroplasty) and control group (n=100, low viscosity bone cement for vertebroplasty), and the bone cement leakage intraoperatively was recorded. The Visual Analog Scale score, low back pain dysfunction index score and SF-36 score were used to evaluate the improvement of clinical symptoms at baseline and 3 months and 1 year after surgery. The height recovery and Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae were evaluated by imaging examination. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Harrison Internal Peace Hospital, approval number: 2015-2-003. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The incidence of bone cement leakage in the trial group was significantly lower than that in the control group (10%, 27%, P=0). (2) At 3 months and 1 year after surgery, the Visual Analog Scale score and low back pain dysfunction index scores in both groups were significantly lower than those at baseline, and the SF-36 score was significantly higher than that at baseline (P < 0.05). All above scores showed no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). (3) The height and Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae in both groups were significantly improved compared with those at baseline (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the height and Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae between two groups (P > 0.05). (4) These results indicate that both high viscosity bone cement and low viscosity bone cement vertebroplasties have good clinical effect in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, but the risk of bone cement leakage is low when high viscosity bone cement is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of applying different concentrations of dexmedetomidine（Dex） to low hemoglobin patients on cerebral oxygen saturation（rSO2） under general anesthesia. Methods: Select sixty female patients with hemoglobin concentration between 8 to 9 g/dl. They are all scheduled for elective intraabdomenally gynecologic operation, and were randomly divided into four groups according to the different concentrations of dexmedetomidine: D1(0.1 μg·kg-1·h-1), D2(0.3 μg-1·kg-1·h-1), D3(0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1)and group C（given the equivalent amount of 0.9 % saline）, each group is composed of 15 patients. Before anesthesia induction, D1～D3 groups were all given 0.5 μg/kg loading dose of Dex, which was required to be pumped within 15 min for each patient. After anesthesia induction, four groups all underwent sevoflurane and remifentanil intravenous-inhalation combined anesthesia, D1～D3 group were given the corresponding concentration of dexmedetomidine, whereas group C given equivalent amount of saline. All the injection was stopped40 min before the end of surgery. Record the patients’ following baseline variables before induction: mean arterial pressure（MAP）, heart rate（HR）, oxygen saturation（SpO2）, cerebral oxygen saturation（rSO2）, bispectral index（BIS）, and axillary temperature（T）. Select a relatively stable period during surgery and record the variables mentioned above as well as end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide(PETCO2) at every 3 min for 30 min. Results: There was no significant difference in the cerebral oxygen saturation, mean arterial pressure, heart rate,pulse oxygen saturation, and axillary temperature between the four groups（P>0.05）. Compared with group D1, cerebral oxygen saturation was higher in group D2. Compared with group D2, cerebral oxygen saturation was higher in group D3（P<0.05）. When increasing the application of dexmedetomidine within a certain dose range in patients of low hemoglobin can increase the cerebral oxygen saturation, and this relationship has a linear correlation（P<0.05）, with a correlation coefficient of r=0.9999, and a linear regression equation of y=12.45 x+56.005. Conclusion: Applying dexmedetomidine at a certain dose range, can increase low hemoglobin patients cerebral oxygen saturation as the dexmedetomidine dose increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of acute neurologic injury at birth, mainly due to perinatal asphyxia. There are a series of abnormal manifestations of central nerve system, and part of infants with HIE would remain long-term devastating neurodevelopmental sequelae, like cerebral palsy, seizures, cognitive and motor dysfunction. Despite recent advances in obstetric and neonatal care, HIE still associated with death and neurodevelopmental disorders of newborns worldwidely. The pathogenesis of HIE is complex, involving multi-link and multi-factor. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is now widely recommended as a standard of care for infants with HIE.The timing of TH is critical, mostly induced within 6 h of an acute asphyxia insult. It's hard to prevent HIE. Assessing the state of infants at birth correctly and treating the problems timely are significant. This review is a introduction of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment progress and prognosis of HIE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on stress response during extubation of general anesthesia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Methods: Sixty patients, ASA I ～II, undergoing thyroidectomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table: transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation group (T group) and Sham stimulation group (C group). 30 mnins prior to the induction of anesthesia, patients in T group were given electrical stimulation, patients in C group had the electrodes applied, but received no stimulation.Baseline (T0), at the end of operation (T1), immediately after extubation (T2),and at 5, 10 min after extubation (T3, T4) noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Blood samples were taken from the vein artery at T0～T4 to record the concentration of Epinephrine (E), Norepinephrine (NE) and Cortisone (Cor). The extubation quality score, Ricker sedation-agitation scale, were also recorded and analyzed. Results: Compared with the baseline value at T0, NIBP, MAP, HR were significantly increased at T2～T4 in both groups (P＜0.05); The NIBP, MAP, HR and concentrations of E, NE, Cor in T group were lower than those in C group at T2～T4 (P＜0.05); Compared with C group, the extubation quality score and the Ricker sedation-agitation scale was lower (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation could restrain the stress response during extubation of general anesthesia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy, and be conducive to maintain the hemodynamics stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]