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A 39-year-old man with interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with nintedanib, methylprednisolone, pirfenidone, and sildenafil. Despite receiving these medications, his symptoms did not improve. He was transferred to another hospital for a lung transplant and underwent various treatments, including tracheal intubation, ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. His symptoms improved after tracheostomy but later developed respiratory failure, which was managed with steroid pulse therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A 38-year-old pregnant woman with poorly controlled asthma developed hyperkalaemia and wide QRS complexes after being treated with suxamethonium-chloride for emergent intubation. Despite receiving various treatments, including calcium-gluconate, sodium-bicarbonate, insulin drip, sodium-polystyrene-sulfonate, and inhaled isoflurane, her condition worsened and she required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However, she eventually delivered a healthy child. [Extracted from the article]

A case report describes the lack of efficacy of avibactam/ceftazidime in the treatment of a female neonate with Klebsiella pneumoniae. The neonate was born extremely preterm and had a history of respiratory failure and necrotising enterocolitis. She also had a COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis and was receiving various treatments, including avibactam/ceftazidime. Despite these interventions, she remained in critical condition and ultimately died due to the infection, metabolic acidosis, and haemodynamic instability. This case highlights the challenges in treating neonates with severe infections and the need for further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A 79-year-old man experienced severe refractory hypoxemia, hypercapnic respiratory failure, and severe shock after receiving protamine-sulfate for heparin reversal during a surgical procedure. This led to a sudden deterioration in his cardiopulmonary status, resulting in increased ventilator pressure, pulmonary edema, and severe acidemia. The patient was managed with ventilator adjustments, vasoactive agents, and volume resuscitation, but his condition continued to worsen. He was eventually placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which stabilized his hemodynamic and respiratory functions. After 48 hours on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, he was successfully weaned off and discharged home after 23 days with a full recovery. [Extracted from the article]

A 14-year-old girl experienced drug poisoning after intentionally overdosing on verapamil. She exhibited symptoms such as atrioventricular block, hypotension, bradycardia, and hyperglycemia. Despite treatment with calcium gluconate, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, her condition did not improve. She was eventually transferred to a pediatric intensive care unit where she required high doses of vasoactive medications and was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). After undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange, her vasoactive needs were gradually reduced, and she was eventually transferred to an inpatient psychiatric facility after five days. [Extracted from the article]

A retrospective cohort study described a patient who developed severe bradycardia while being treated with ivabradine for lower cardiac output and improved oxygenation. The patient received venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support to enhance oxygenation. However, the patient experienced a heart rate of less than 40 bpm, indicating severe bradycardia as a result of the ivabradine therapy. The study did not provide information on the patient's age, sex, time to reaction onset, or outcome of the adverse drug reaction. [Extracted from the article]

A 14-year-old girl experienced vasodilatory shock after misusing and poisoning herself with verapamil. She was initially treated with epinephrine and norepinephrine for hypotension and bradycardia, but these medications were not effective. The girl was admitted to the hospital and received various treatments, including insulin, lipid-emulsion therapy, angiotensin-II, and therapeutic plasma exchange. After five days, she was decannulated from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and transferred to a psychiatric facility. [Extracted from the article]

A 79-year-old man experienced severe refractory hypoxemia, hypercapnic respiratory failure, and severe shock after receiving protamine-sulfate for heparin reversal during a surgical procedure. This led to a sudden deterioration in his cardiopulmonary status, resulting in increased ventilator pressure, pulmonary edema, and severe acidemia. The patient was managed with ventilator adjustments, vasoactive agents, and volume resuscitation, but his condition continued to worsen. He was eventually placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, which stabilized his hemodynamic and respiratory functions. After 48 hours on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, he was successfully weaned off and discharged home after 23 days with a full recovery. [Extracted from the article]

A 14-year-old girl experienced drug poisoning after intentionally overdosing on verapamil. She exhibited symptoms such as atrioventricular block, hypotension, bradycardia, and hyperglycemia. Despite treatment with calcium gluconate, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, her condition did not improve. She was eventually transferred to a pediatric intensive care unit where she required high doses of vasoactive medications and was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). After undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange, her vasoactive needs were gradually reduced, and she was eventually transferred to an inpatient psychiatric facility after five days. [Extracted from the article]

A retrospective cohort study described a patient who developed severe bradycardia while being treated with ivabradine for lower cardiac output and improved oxygenation. The patient received venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support to enhance oxygenation. However, the patient experienced a heart rate of less than 40 bpm, indicating severe bradycardia as a result of the ivabradine therapy. The study did not provide information on the patient's age, sex, time to reaction onset, or outcome of the adverse drug reaction. [Extracted from the article]

A 14-year-old girl experienced vasodilatory shock after misusing and poisoning herself with verapamil. She was initially treated with epinephrine and norepinephrine for hypotension and bradycardia, but these medications were not effective. The girl was admitted to the hospital and received various treatments, including insulin, lipid-emulsion therapy, angiotensin-II, and therapeutic plasma exchange. After five days, she was decannulated from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and transferred to a psychiatric facility. [Extracted from the article]

A 5-year-old girl with a complex medical history experienced a lack of efficacy during treatment with etanercept and methylprednisolone for idiopathic pulmonary syndrome. The girl had multiple health conditions, including bone marrow failure, fanconi anaemia, congenital heart disease, and chronic lung disease. Despite receiving the prescribed treatment, her respiratory failure worsened, and she required additional interventions such as mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eventually, she showed gradual improvement and was discharged from the hospital. As of 6.5 years after her transplant, she was still alive. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted between July 2017 and July 2022 reported on a patient who developed pulmonary hypertension while being treated with diazoxide for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. The patient, whose age and sex were not specified, had been receiving diazoxide treatment for five years. Unfortunately, the patient died as a result of a pulmonary hypertensive crisis, despite receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. [Extracted from the article]

A 5-year-old girl with a complex medical history, including fanconi anaemia and congenital heart disease, experienced a lack of efficacy during treatment with etanercept and methylprednisolone for idiopathic pulmonary syndrome. Despite receiving these medications, her respiratory failure worsened and she required mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However, she eventually improved and was discharged from the hospital. As of 6.5 years after her transplant, she was still alive. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted between July 2017 and July 2022 reported on a patient who developed pulmonary hypertension while being treated with diazoxide for hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. The patient, whose age and sex were not provided, had been receiving diazoxide treatment for five years before developing pulmonary hypertension. Unfortunately, the patient died as a result of a pulmonary hypertensive crisis, despite receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. [Extracted from the article]

A 32-year-old woman developed cardiomyopathy while undergoing immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus after a liver transplant. She had no prior history of cardiac disorders. Shortly after starting the treatment, she experienced seizures and respiratory failure. An echocardiogram revealed severe heart failure. The woman was treated with vasopressors, inotropes, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After discontinuing tacrolimus, her heart function improved and she made a full recovery. [Extracted from the article]

A 3-year-old girl with poorly controlled asthma exhibited a lack of drug efficacy while being treated with salbutamol, epinephrine, and methylprednisolone. Despite receiving multiple nebulizations of salbutamol, she developed severe respiratory distress. She was then given oxygen therapy, methylprednisolone, epinephrine, and a sodium-chloride bolus, but her condition continued to deteriorate. She was eventually intubated, placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and underwent intensive care treatment. After 16 days, she showed improvement but still had some weakness and was transferred for further rehabilitation. [Extracted from the article]

A 17-year-old boy experienced lack of efficacy during treatment with methylprednisolone for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and during treatment with dobutamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine for cardiogenic shock. The boy presented with fever, odynophagia, abdominal pain, and a non-pruritic rash. He developed cardiogenic shock and acute pulmonary edema, despite receiving various medications. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated, and the boy's condition gradually improved. He was eventually discharged with normal cardiac function. [Extracted from the article]

A 71-year-old woman experienced refractory shock after overdosing on metoprolol tartrate for hypertension. Despite treatment with various medications, including calcium gluconate, glucagon, atropine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin or insulin, her condition did not improve. She was eventually treated with methylene blue and underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO), which significantly improved her condition. The refractory shock was attributed to the overdose of metoprolol tartrate, and she was discharged to inpatient psychiatry due to her ongoing suicidal thoughts. [Extracted from the article]

A 53-year-old woman developed gastrointestinal mobility disorder while being treated with domperidone for loss of appetite. She experienced symptoms such as headache, vomiting, chest tightness, palpitations, and difficulty breathing shortly after taking the medication. She also had a lung infection and pulmonary edema. The woman was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma-induced cardiomyopathy, and after receiving comprehensive treatment, including alpha-blockade therapy and a successful adrenalectomy, her condition improved and her symptoms resolved. [Extracted from the article]

A 36-year-old man with a history of hypertension and end-stage renal disease developed pulmonary hypertension during anticoagulant reversal therapy with protamine-sulfate. He presented with chest tightness and shortness of breath and was found to have severe mitral regurgitation. After undergoing mitral valve replacement and receiving heparin, he started anticoagulant reversal therapy with protamine-sulfate. However, this led to elevated pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, causing haemodynamic instability and right ventricular failure. The man was treated with various medications and therapies, including veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, nitric oxide, sildenafil, vasopressors, and cardiotonic therapies. After treatment, his pulmonary arterial systolic pressure improved, and he was successfully weaned off additional therapies. [Extracted from the article]

A female neonate with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) was treated with dobutamine, nitric-oxide, and olprinone, but experienced a lack of efficacy. The neonate had a prenatal diagnosis of whole-liver herniated giant omphalocele and developed respiratory failure after birth. Despite receiving various therapies, her condition worsened and she required veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on day 3. Eventually, she underwent surgery and was discharged without neurological complications on day 78. The neonate also had comorbid mild meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) with omphalocele. [Extracted from the article]

A 32-year-old pregnant woman experienced a lack of efficacy during treatment with epinephrine for cardiac arrest. She had a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and recently tested positive for COVID-19. After presenting to the emergency department with agonal breathing, she received CPR and epinephrine but later went into pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest, indicating a lack of effectiveness. She was eventually started on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and her heart function improved. The woman was discharged with physical therapy and favorable neurological status, and her symptoms suggest an amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). [Extracted from the article]

An 18-year-old woman experienced a lack of efficacy while being treated with norepinephrine for haemodynamic instability. Despite receiving high doses of norepinephrine, her heart rate remained high and her blood pressure remained low. As a result, she was admitted to the hospital and started on urgent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). Further investigations revealed that she had septic-induced cardiomyopathy, and her medication was changed from ethambutol to moxifloxacin. After 5 days, her condition improved and she was successfully taken off the ECMO machine. [Extracted from the article]

A 75-year-old woman experienced lack of efficacy while being treated with methylthioninium-chloride for hypotension. The woman had a history of hypertension, hypothyroidism, and left breast cancer. She was admitted to the hospital for heart-related issues and underwent surgery. Despite receiving methylthioninium-chloride, her blood pressure did not stabilize. She required additional interventions, including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and an intra-aortic balloon pump. Unfortunately, her condition worsened, and she eventually passed away due to various complications. [Extracted from the article]

A 25-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma experienced a lack of efficacy during treatment with phentolamine and labetalol. She developed symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, sinus tachycardia, and a hypertensive emergency. The woman also developed takotsubo cardiomyopathy and severely reduced ejection fraction. She underwent treatment with alpha-blockers and calcium channel blockers, and eventually underwent adrenalectomy. Her condition improved with these interventions. [Extracted from the article]

A 53-year-old man with refractory panniculitis and anti-MDA5 antibody-positive amyopathic dermatomyositis experienced lack of efficacy during treatment with prednisolone, dapsone, cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and an unspecified glucocorticoid. Despite receiving prednisolone, the patient developed ulceration, indicating lack of efficacy. Dapsone was discontinued due to liver injury, and the patient's respiratory condition worsened, ultimately resulting in death. Autopsy revealed diffuse alveolar damage and anti-MDA5 antibody-positive amyopathic dermatomyositis as causes of death. [Extracted from the article]

A 57-year-old man experienced various toxicities while being treated for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). He initially developed infusion site pain and an unspecified infection during treatment with treprostinil. Later, he suffered from vasoplegic shock due to a medication error and overdose of treprostinil. Despite receiving multiple treatments for the shock, including norepinephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin, terlipressin, and methylthioninium chloride, he did not respond well. Eventually, he was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) and his condition improved. He was discharged after 28 days with stable health and a good quality of life. [Extracted from the article]

A 33-year-old woman developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) during anticoagulant therapy with heparin. She was on the lung transplant waiting list and experienced a rapid decline in health, requiring a bridge to lung transplant using extracorporeal life support (ECLS) and heparin as an anticoagulant. However, after 13 days, she developed a serious complication of HIT. Her HIT was managed with appropriate blood component therapy and a change in anticoagulation therapy. After 35 days, she underwent a successful bilateral sequential lung transplant but required further support with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) due to complications. She was eventually discharged with ongoing post-transplant care. [Extracted from the article]

A 24-year-old man with a history of bronchial asthma experienced a lack of efficacy during treatment with epinephrine and corticosteroids. He presented with shortness of breath and a non-productive cough, and was diagnosed with a life-threatening attack of bronchial asthma and community acquired pneumonia. Despite receiving treatment, his condition worsened, leading to respiratory acidosis, desaturation, and subcutaneous emphysema. He required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and was found to have a Burkholderia Cepacia Complex infection and necrotizing pneumonia. After receiving combination treatment with antibiotics, his septic shock and acute kidney injury resolved, and his respiratory function gradually improved. He was eventually discharged after 30 days. [Extracted from the article]

A 20-year-old female experienced cardiotoxicity after overdosing on amlodipine, a medication used to treat high blood pressure. The woman was admitted to the hospital after consuming 58 tablets of amlodipine, totaling 290mg. She developed low blood pressure and heart failure, and was treated in the intensive care unit with mechanical ventilation and various medications. The patient was ultimately successfully managed and discharged from the hospital. [Extracted from the article]

A newborn female neonate with an abdominal lymphatic malformation was treated for pulmonary hypertension with nitric-oxide and sildenafil. Despite the treatment, her condition worsened and she eventually required palliative care. The patient had a genetic mutation in the FOXF1 gene and was diagnosed with alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of the pulmonary veins. The lack of efficacy of the nitric-oxide and sildenafil treatment was observed in this case. [Extracted from the article]

A 19-year-old man experienced a lack of efficacy during treatment for cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. He had returned to the United States from a mission trip and was prescribed malaria prophylaxis but did not adhere to the treatment. Upon presentation at a hospital, he had a high fever, altered mental status, and was intubated due to encephalopathy. Despite treatment with atovaquone/proguanil and artesunate, he developed further complications and ultimately died from distributive shock and cardiac arrest. [Extracted from the article]

Author InformationAn event is serious (based on the ICH definition) when the patient outcome is:• * death * life-threatening * hospitalisation * disability * congenital anomaly * other medically important eventA 49-year-old man exhibited ineffectiveness during treatment with budesonide, atracurium-besilate and epinephrine for asthma. Additionally, he developed hypokalaemia during treatment with budesonide for asthma and developed gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and cerebral haemorrhage during treatment with heparin as anticoagulant therapy [not all frequencies stated; time to reaction onsets and cause of death not stated]. [Extracted from the article]

In a retrospective study of 211 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who underwent veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), four patients developed diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) while being treated with heparin or bivalirudin as anticoagulant therapy. The study did not provide specific information about the ages, sexes, dosages, durations of treatments, or outcomes of these patients. This information suggests a potential association between the use of these anticoagulants and the development of DAH in ILD patients, but further research is needed to establish a definitive link. [Extracted from the article]

A 61-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer experienced an infusion-related reaction during treatment with carboplatin, paclitaxel, nivolumab, and ipilimumab. He also exhibited lack of efficacy during treatment with amiodarone and epinephrine for ventricular fibrillation. The patient presented with dyspnea and had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He received chemotherapy and experienced a grade 2 infusion-related reaction, which improved with treatment. However, he later developed ventricular fibrillation that persisted despite treatment, indicating a lack of efficacy. The patient was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and eventually recovered. The infusion-related reaction was attributed to the chemotherapy drugs. [Extracted from the article]

A 35-year-old pregnant woman with COVID-19 pneumonia experienced a lack of efficacy with remdesivir and off-label treatments including azithromycin, dexamethasone, and ceftriaxone. She was transferred to another hospital due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and received various treatments including Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) and anticoagulant therapy. After several days, she developed preeclampsia and underwent a cesarean section, delivering twins without complications. This case highlights the challenges of treating COVID-19 in pregnant patients and the need for further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A case report published in Reactions Weekly describes the aggravation of a subarachnoid hemorrhage in a 63-year-old patient during anticoagulant therapy with heparin. The patient experienced cardiac arrest and received CPR, followed by advanced life support and the administration of medications. Despite efforts to stabilize the patient, they deteriorated into recurrent ventricular fibrillation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated, and the patient underwent further interventions, including defibrillation and stenting of a blocked coronary artery. Unfortunately, the patient ultimately died due to the traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and potential exacerbation caused by heparin treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A 60-year-old woman experienced treatment failure while being treated with epinephrine for cardiopulmonary arrest. The woman was admitted to the hospital for complications related to chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. Despite receiving multiple infusions of epinephrine, her condition did not improve. She was eventually placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and was able to achieve a return of spontaneous circulation. The woman was diagnosed with Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and received various other medications during her hospital stay. She eventually made a rapid recovery and was discharged from the hospital. [Extracted from the article]

This article describes four cases of drug intoxication resulting from intentional overdose for suicide. The patients, ranging in age from 13.5 to 16.5 years, ingested either amlodipine or verapamil. They developed various toxicities, including vasoplegia, distributive shock, and cardiogenic shock. Despite treatment with insulin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, glucagon, or calcium, the patients did not respond effectively. Additional interventions, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and lipid emulsion treatment, were required to stabilize their conditions. The patients were eventually discharged after psychiatric evaluation. [Extracted from the article]

A 21-year-old woman experienced various toxicities and lack of efficacy following an overdose and misuse of bupropion for bipolar affective disorder. She developed cardiovascular collapse, cardiogenic shock, wide complex tachycardia, hypotension, slurred speech, myoclonic jerks, and prolonged QTc. Treatment with bicarbonate, lipid-emulsion, and unspecified vasopressors did not show effectiveness. The woman required intubation and underwent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) before experiencing cardiac recovery. [Extracted from the article]

A case report published in Reactions Weekly describes the lack of efficacy of amiodarone and sodium chloride in treating a female neonate with various medical conditions. The neonate exhibited symptoms such as hypoglycemia, polycystic kidney disease, apneas, seizures, hyperkalemia, circulatory collapse, and refractory ventricular arrhythmias. Despite receiving multiple treatments and interventions, including carnitine supplementation, nitric-oxide, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and amiodarone infusion, the neonate's condition continued to deteriorate. The neonate eventually died on day 14 of life. The case report highlights the complexity and challenges in managing multiple medical conditions in neonates. [Extracted from the article]

A 55-year-old woman developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) while receiving heparin for thromboembolism prophylaxis. She also experienced a lack of efficacy with alteplase for the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE). The woman had undergone lung resection for lung adenocarcinoma and received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After surgery, she developed acute hypotension and hypoxia, and further tests revealed an acute PE. Her platelet count declined significantly after initiating therapeutic heparin, leading to the diagnosis of HITT. Her heparin therapy was switched to bivalirudin, but she continued to deteriorate and required various interventions, including catheter-directed thrombolysis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. She eventually recovered and was discharged to rehabilitation. [Extracted from the article]

In a retrospective study conducted at a hospital in the USA, a single adult patient developed pancreatitis during treatment with propofol as sedative therapy. The patient had COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome and was receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation along with continuous infusion of propofol for 17 days. The patient's triglycerides level was elevated, leading to a diagnosis of pancreatitis secondary to propofol. [Extracted from the article]

NobleStitch Patent Foramen Ovales Closure for Recurrent Strokes in a Patient with COVID-19 on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. He received high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, unspecified steroids. CT angiography showed a thrombus occlusion of the V4 segment of the left vertebral artery consistent posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion. [Extracted from the article]

However, the patients developed right superior femoral artery occlusion (1 patient); pulmonary embolism (3 patients); ECMO) circuit clotting (1 patient) or thrombosis of the right atrial appendage (1 patient). The patients had interstitial lung disease (1 patient); chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (2 patients); primary pulmonary hypertension (1 patient); cystic fibrosis (1 patient); chronic lung allograft dysfunction (1 patient). Two patients died due to pulmonary embolism; one patient due to ECMO circuit clotting; one patient due to thrombosis of the right atrial appendage and one patient due to massive haemorrhage. [Extracted from the article]