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Mxenes, also known as MAX Phase, are a group of inorganic compounds with a unique structure. These compounds consist of incredibly thin layers of carbonitrides, nitrides, or carbides of transition metals.MXenes, a member of the family of two-dimensional materials, show great promise for a variety of uses. Achieving single-layer and multilayered 2D nano-sheets of titanium-based MXene nanofluids is the specific goal of the proposed effort. first create and characterize single-layer and multilayered 2D nanosheets of MXene based on Titanium, then make single-layer and multilayered 2D nanosheets of MXene based nanofluids, characterize them, and compare the outcomes. The electrical characteristics, physicochemical features, and diverse applications of MXenes have been greatly influenced by the advancement in synthesis pathways. MXenes and their composites exhibit promising prospects in catalysis, water remediation, and sensors, owing to their distinctive morphologies, layered structures, and exceptional properties. Additionally, the utilization of MXenes in nano fluids further enhances their potential in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of nanomaterials, namely nanosilica, in the context of highway pavement materials. The objective of this research is to investigate the efficacy of nanosilica (NS) as a modifier for asphalt mixes. Using (2, 4, and 6%) percentages of NS by weight of bitumen, an asphalt binder with a penetration grade of 60/70 was used, and its penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity, and ductility values were all tested. The nanoparticles were incorporated into to the asphalt using a shear blender set at 2000 rpm and 160°C mixing temperature for 60 minutes. Also, additional laboratory studies were conducted before and after the modification to characterize the performance properties of the asphalt mixtures, such as the Marshall test, which was conducted on the modified mixture to assess the impact on the stability and flow, and indirect tensile strength tests (ITS) to compare and assess performance characteristics. The laboratory testing produced the results that insert 4% NS to the HMA improved the stability by 81.63%, reduced the flow by 8.3%, and increased the ITS by 88.9%. This means that the use of NS in mixtures enhances their characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterials research interest is growing towards a simple and eco-friendly approach due to its fascinating benefits. This paper reports an initial investigation of structural properties of ZnO nanomaterial via green synthesis method utilizing Tectona grandis leaf extract. ZnO nanomaterial was processed by dissolving a precursor of Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O in doubled distilled water and followed by titration of Tectona grandis leaf extract. The analysis of XRD data revealed the formation of wurtzite hexagonal structured of ZnO with crystallite size of 4.48 nm. Besides, the presence of −OH groups of Tectona grandis leaf extract which acts as a reducing agent during the production of ZnO was verified by FTIR characterization. Furthermore, the absence of absorption peaks at wavenumbers between 1000 cm−1 to 4000 cm−1 indicated the high purity of the synthesized ZnO. To conclude, ZnO nanomaterial has been successfully produced via green synthesis route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous nanostructures with nanoscale dimensions smaller than 100 nm have been developed. These nanostructures, including those with promising uses, have novel physicochemical characteristics that affect the molecular and systemic levels of their physiological interactions. The need for analytical data relevant to manufactured nanomaterials is growing, necessitating the modification of current techniques and methodologies or the creation of new ones. The analytical sciences have faced a hurdle in recognizing nanoparticles as a novel class of analytes that include both chemical and physical information. It is also necessary to provide details on the physiochemical characteristics of nanoparticles and their changes. This article discusses primary available characterizing techniques to deal with engineered nanostructures for evaluating its quality and performances. The principle of each technique is included while indicating the strength and limitations in determining the physiochemical characteristics of engineered nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, nanotechnology generates a significant amount of interest among researchers because of the vast array of applications it provides for addressing various aspects of the eco-system. Additionally, it enables researchers to traverse the boundaries of a more specialized area of study than an already well-established one. It is an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on the production and manipulation of nanoscale materials via scaling down the particle size scale from micrometers to nanometers (1–100 nm). They provide excellent options in the fields of health, industry, and medicine as they present a new vision for the treatment of medical conditions thanks to the fact that the particle size may be reduced, which gives them a distinct prospective characteristic. Researchers continue to be interested in finding new uses for metal nanoparticles (NPs) as the field of nanotechnology advances since these particles display distinctive properties. The public is interested in several different types of metal nanoparticles, including silver NPs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are versatile materials that have many potential applications. Some examples include spectrally selective coatings for solar energy absorption, intercalation material for electrical batteries, optical receptors, catalysts in chemical processes, and so on. Lots of studies have focused on silver nanoparticles because of their potential biological applications, such as their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Recent developments and trends in the field of AgNPs for use in biomedical applications are the main focus of this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was preparation a modified working electrode with exfoliated graphite (EG) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The aim of the study is to obtain a highly conductive nanomaterial using in a cyclic voltammetric device to analyze the redox current peaks of chemical compounds, especially heavy metals, in different electrolytes, especially blood. The glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with the exfoliated graphite (EG) decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This modified electrode is referred to as (EG-AgNPs/GCE) and was used to study the electrochemical behavior of EG-AgNPs using the cyclic voltammetric technique at different concentrations, scan rates, pH, and the reliability–stability of the EG-AgNPs/GCE. The new modified electrode was used to detect the presence of heavy metals in blood and tap water. The results of cyclic voltammetry showed the anodic current peaks of EG-AgNPs increase with higher concentrations and EG-AgNPs/GCE has a high sensitivity by the present of nanoparticles on the glassy carbon electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, nanotechnology has been explored with great interest due to its usage in various fields like physics, chemistry, material science, medical and engineering. The nanotechnology is emerged as major research area for researchers. The nanotechnology fabricates, characterizes and handles the materials at nanoscale. Nanotechnology applications commonly include industrial, medical and energy applications. Reducing the particle size to a nano-scale enhances several properties of the materials for example, durability, strength, ductility, density of the construction materials, buoyancy, ruggedness, storage efficiency of Li batteries etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our previous article [1], we proposed an empirical relation between the melting point of nanostructured materials and that of their bulk counterpart. In this study, we introduce a method to determine the fraction of surface atoms relative to the total number of atoms within a nanoparticle. This method utilizes a distribution approach for surface and interior atoms within the unit cell of a nanomaterial crystal, and the derived fraction is linked to the size and shape of the nanomaterial. Additionally, we develop a proposition that correlates the relaxation factor with the presence of dangling bonds in surface atoms, based on the ratio of surface atoms to the total atoms. Subsequently, we estimate the melting points and the heat capacity for coinage metals (gold, silver and copper) across various nanoparticle sizes and shapes. Our findings demonstrate a favorable agreement with the experimentally measured values [10, 15, 18] for these particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern society relies heavily on silver-zinc batteries for a variety of flexible electronic power needs. This research used a high-energy ball-milling technique on zinc oxide and pure silver (Ag) to produce Ag-ZnO powder at the nanoscale. By playing about with grinding dry powder, we were able to create nanoparticles of silver and zinc oxide without using any chemical reagents. We ground all of the samples for 25 hours using high-energy ball milling. For the purpose of ball milling, ten titanium carbonate balls with varying diameters (10 mm) were used. No cooling chemicals were used. Milling the particles at 350 rpm lowered the silver and zinc oxide concentrations from micro to nano, according to the data. In order to describe the manufactured powders, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used. Research into the chemical behaviour of anode and cathode materials made from nano-scale Ag-ZnO powders followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids, a mixture of nanoparticles and fluid, have enormous potential to improve heat transfer fluid efficiency. The importance of nanofluids has increased over the last three decades in thermal engineering, nanotechnology, and other applications. The method for preparing nanofluids reported by several researchers is summarized in this review study. Additionally, the types of nanomaterials used to prepare nanofluid, including ceramic, metallic, alloy, carbon-based, and metal-oxide-based materials, are reviewed in this paper, along with the method of preparing nanofluid, its thermophysical characteristics, challenges, and potential future applications. This review's objective is to summarize current advancements in the study of nanofluid preparation and characterization while also attempting to identify some challenging issues that will need to be resolved for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work introduces a photoelectrochemical (PEC) microfluidic device for CO2 reduction (CO2R) using SrTiO3−based nanocomposites as the photocathode. These nanomaterials are an adequate option for PEC systems due to their stability, high energy conversion and easy synthesizability. The formation of a SrTiO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was confirmed successful through different material characterization techniques (UV-VIS, RAMAN, SEM,). The PEC performance characterization of the proposed material revealed increased aqueous CO2 absorption, enhanced charge separation through bandgap narrowing, decreased charge transfer resistance (RCT), and favorable band alignment for CO2R. Finally, a microfluidic PEC system was fabricated using the nanocomposite, while accounting for reaction conditions, energetic requirements and the sustainability of the reaction system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented study is focused on a novel approach in the design of composites based on magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) material as alternative to construction materials widely used in building industry. The base of this approach lies in the enhancement of the MOC-matrix using tannic acid and carbon-based nanomaterials, namely graphene nanoplatelets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The use of the carbon nanomaterials in very low content is beneficial for the mechanical and macrostructural parameters of the composite, whereas the tannic acid was added for its possible ability to improve not only mechanical performance, but also the water resistance of the composite. A reference MOC sample, MOC with tannic acid sample and MOC with tannic acid and combination of graphene nanoplatelets and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared and studied. All of the additives proved themselves beneficial for the matrix, resulting in a formation of composite applicable e.g., in construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet increasing requirements on mechanical strength of lime-based materials, modification by carbon-based nanoadditives seems as the proper enhancement strategy. However, the incorporation technique preventing clusters formation and ensuring proper distribution in fresh mixture is crucial for effective application of nanomaterials in production of construction composites. On this account, the dispersing effect of surfactant combined with antifoaming agent and its impact on mortars based on natural hydraulic lime and enhanced with multiwalled-carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been analyzed. Dispersing solutions have been tested on foam formation, foam stability and UV-light absorption to evaluate dispersing effect. Impact of the used dispersing solution on hardened mortar samples was evaluated based on the assessment of basic structural and mechanical parameters. While CNTs dispersed in water starts to form clusters immediately after mixing stops, the dispersion stability was greatly enhanced with use of surfactant. On the other hand, surfactant stabilized air bubbles formed during mixing of mortars and resulted in an increased porosity accompanied by a low mechanical strength. The best results were achieved with the use of surfactant increasing dispersion effect in combination with the antifoaming agent which effectively destabilized formed air bubbles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lubrication is one of the crucial elements affecting the engine performance of motor vehicles. It carries numerous functions, such as lowering friction, heat disposal, critical areas sealing, and other essential functions. Lubricant with thermophysical properties is reported to present better performance than conventional lubricant and is mostly used to produce superior lubricant performance. Nanolubricant represents the addition of nanomaterial into the lubricant to enhance its lubrication or thermophysical features. The nanoparticle suspension shows the agglomeration tendency induced by high surface activities. Accordingly, we used Oleic Acid to disperse the nanoparticle, forming a more stable suspension. The nanolubricant was synthesized using SAE 5W-30 lubricant, added with 0.5% of Al2O3, TiO2, and hybrid Al2O3/TiO2 nanoparticle, along with 10% of Oleic Acid. The research procedure was begun with the characterization of Al2O3 and TiO2 using SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. The nanolubricant synthesis was carried out through four hours stirring process at 1000 rpm speed. Further, the thermophysical feature analysis covering the density, dynamic viscosity, and thermal conductivity was completed to identify the effects of nanoparticle addition on SAE 5W-30 lubricant. Meanwhile, the analysis of nanolubricant effects on the Honda Beat motorcycle performance covering the torque and power was completed using a dynamometer test. The results of data analysis showed an increasing nanolubricant's thermophysical properties to 751.7 kg/m3, at 0.06863 Pa.s density and 0.145 W/m.Ka dynamic viscosity in the thermal conductivity value. Meanwhile, the motor vehicle performance test showed an increasing torque of 8.24 N.m and 11.05 HP power. The nanolubricant added with TiO2/Al2O3, and oleic acid surfactant was observed to generate the highest performance of the motorcycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studied the effect of CTAB and PVP surfactants on the rheological properties of DWCNTs and MWCNTs nanomaterials in water-based nanofluids. Surfactants are used to bind between nanoparticles and fluid molecules, because some nanoparticles experience sedimentation on the nanofluid, so the addition of the surfactant is necessary. Mixing is carried out using a magnetic stirrer for 1 hour at a speed of 650 rpm, followed by sonication for 1 hour. This mixing uses a mass fraction ratio of 0.1% nanomaterial and 1:1 surfactant with nanomaterial. Nanofluids were tested by Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The NDJ-8S viscometer is a tool for finding the viscosity value of nanofluids with temperature variations of 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C using speeds of 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 rpm. The results of the research included the effect of surfactant and temperature in the nanofluid on the viscosity and shear stress of the DWCNTs and MWCNTs nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers high freedom of design and the possibility to shape complex parts cost-efficiently, especially for small lot numbers. Currently, the powder bed fusion using a laser beam (PBF-LB) process is best suited to produce polymer components that fulfill industrial requirements. Although AM is on the verge of moving from the prototyping stage to the production of engineered components, the range of materials available is still very limited. To counteract this problem, available powders can be modified through additives, e.g., nanoscale materials, to adapt the material properties. Analytical considerations of the PBF-LB process are a powerful tool for better understanding how best to process these nano-additive materials. This study combines material and process data to determine energy conversion with dimensionless numbers. Therefore, we investigated the influence of nanoparticles experimentally on the polyamide 12 (PA12) powder feedstock properties and the resulting processing behavior. The surface of PA12 powder was additivated with silver and carbon black nanoparticles. For this purpose, monolayers with different surface energy densities are printed, and their thicknesses are measured via a dial gauge. The process is described by a dimensionless energy input value, which sets the introduced surface energy density by the laser, concerning the melting enthalpy and the resulting monolayer thickness. The respective values represent the energy turnover during processing. Values slightly above 1 indicate that almost all laser energy is converted to melt the polymer. The results indicate that nano-additives' presence has a massive impact on the material properties, e.g., the laser absorptance. Analytical optimized process parameters were then chosen to manufacture multi-layer samples. These were used to measure the influence of the nanoparticles on the volumetric pore volume by µCT. Additionally, mechanical properties were obtained from tensile testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research deals with identifying nanotechnology and knowing its applications and effects in various fields. The research focused on studying this purification and impact of nanotechnology materials and their applications in the field of architecture and materials engineering and the resulting impact on the external environment surrounding buildings. The research deals with a variety of different applications of nanotechnology in various fields and also deals with variety of nanotechnology materials used in architecture and their impact on architecture and the external environment, where knowledge of these positive, diverse and different effects of the same material is unknown to specialists in the field of architecture or their knowledge of it to a narrow extent (That is, specialists in the field of architecture do not have extensive knowledge in the field of nanotechnology materials), hence the research problem, which was "the lack of a clear perception and sufficient knowledge by specialists in the field of architecture and materials engineering of the benefits of nanomaterial technology and its impact on the external environment," while the research hypothesis was as follows "The research hypothesis is that the assumes that nanomaterial technology can achieve the concept of sustainability in architecture and positive impact on the external environment." The research objective was "The research aims to clarify the importance of nanomaterial technology and applications It is one of the important elements in achieving sustainability in the field of architecture and materials engineering." Research and interest in this technology and its widespread use in buildings with the aim of achieving sustainability and improving the external environment of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) nanostructured material has been broadly utilized for various applications, including adsorption, separation, photocatalytic, and CO2 capture, owing to its intrinsic physicochemical properties. Several commercial silica precursors, such as tetraethyl orthosilicate and sodium silicate, have been utilized to develop SBA-15. Nevertheless, these commercial silica precursors are relatively expensive and non-environmental benign. Thus, the idea of synthesizing SBA-15 in a low-cost green approach has emerged by adopting silica-rich wastes as an alternative silica precursor. This review article reports the preparation of SBA-15 with various silica-rich wastes, including palm oil fuel ash, coal gangue, rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse, leaf ash, and fly ash. Special attention has been devoted to the SBA-15's physicochemical properties, including surface area, well-defined porous architecture, and ability to incorporate metal atoms within the mesopores, making SBA-15 a promising material for various applications. The recent development of fibrous SBA-15 is also discussed owing to its improved physicochemical properties towards the applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study includes a brief survey of the literature on silver nanoparticles synthesized by green methods. Where the green chemistry method was used to prepare silver nanoparticles, and the survey showed that different types of plants are promising for environmentally friendly treatment methods, properties, and possible uses as alternatives to silver nanoparticles. The paper lists the basic classes of nanomaterials and the advantages of the synthesis of nanoparticles extracted from fungi and bacteria. More details on the specific properties and bandgap energies of the nanomaterials can be found in the manuscript. The energy bandgap of AgNPs was formulated as a function of shape and size. The modeling theory was founded on the aggregation energy of Ag nanoparticles with respect to the crystal structure; We find that the energy bandgap of AgNPs depends on the particle shape and size. According to this model, as the particle size of nanostructured materials decreases, the energy gap is found to increase. The energy gap increases according to the results of this paper. This paper is based on various observations and supports the validity of Ag nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reusing waste resources like recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) can benefit both the environment and the economy. Using RCA in concrete mix can help save natural resources and minimize CO2 emissions. However, up to date, most studies have revealed poor performance and strength under external stresses. Currently, researchers have recommended using nanomaterials to improve recycled aggregates concrete (RAC) mixes. Despite reasonable published findings, no study on MWCNTS has been accomplished. The goal of this study is to assess the fresh and hardened properties of RAC treated with various MWCNTS concentrations and RCA replacements. To achieve this, 60 concrete mixes were made with RCA at of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% and MWCNTS at 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25%. Workability and impact performance were discussed in this paper. The repeated drop blows weight impact (RDBWI) method described by ACI 544-2R was utilized to assess impact resistance at 28 days. The results showed that adding MWCNTS reduced the RAC slump by 60.8 to 73.5% but significantly increased the impact resistance by 426 to 679%; 459 to 490% at two stages, namely the initial crack and collapse stages, respectively compared to conventional mixes. Also, 0.1% MWCNTS was found to be optimal for both stages. The findings will aid in the development of effective strategies to promote the use of nanomaterials in RCA applications for both sustainability and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial contamination is a challenging issue that affect various sectors such as health and industries. Among various approaches, the use of nanomaterials as an antibacterial agent gains a lot of interest. The most widely studied antibacterial nanomaterials are metal or metal oxide based, which are not stable in water and prone to agglomeration, resulting in the reduction of their toxicity. To overcome this problem, the incorporation of graphene-based materials such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) together with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles forming nanocomposites has been proposed. GO and rGO are known to exhibit some toxicity towards microbes, however the formation of nanocomposites has the potential to significantly increase the overall antibacterial activity compared to the use of GO/rGO or metal/metal oxide nanomaterials alone. This article reviews the antibacterial action graphene-based materials and the impact of nanocomposites formation on the overall performance and toxicity mechanism of graphene-based nanocomposites. The antibacterial activity of GO and rGO is elaborated, with specific highlight on the difference between GO and rGO antibacterial properties. Next, the antibacterial action of graphene-based nanocomposites with special focus on silver nanocomposites and zinc oxide nanocomposites is discussed. The antibacterial performance of silver-GO nanocomposites and silver-rGO nanocomposites is compared through data collection of the literature. Similarly, comparison of zinc oxide-GO nanocomposites and zinc oxide-rGO nanocomposites performance is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoelectrochemical water splitting utilizes energy harvested from the sun to split water molecules to produce green hydrogen. Typically, nanostructured semiconductor materials are needed as the photoanode and/or photocathode active layer. In this research, ZnO with a nanosheet structure is used as the photoanode. The ZnO photoanode was synthesized by electrodeposition method using a constant current (galvanostatic) mode of 1 mA/cm2 with varied times of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 minutes. Attaching dye molecules on the ZnO surface is used to extend the light absorption into the visible spectrum. In this research, the interaction of the D205 dye with the ZnO nanosheet is also studied. Dye-loading time of 1, 10, and 100 minutes were applied on the 50 minutes. electrodeposition ZnO nanosheet. It is found that increasing the electrodeposition time does not necessarily increase the output current produced under illumination. The current increases up to 50 minutes of electrodeposition, and shows a decrease after a prolonged time. It is also found that there is also an optimum time for the dye loading on the output current produced. The 10 minutes dye-loading time shows the largest output current. This shows that the optimation of electrodeposition time and dye loading time is an important factor to obtain a good photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent times, Nanoparticles (NPs) have been a major source of innovation and research activities for sustainable drug delivery. Nanoparticles can favourably cumulate at areas of activity and helps to better the therapeutic-index of large number of drugs and medicines. The current and innovative amalgamation of biological substances and nanomaterials has provided us with new functions of nanoparticles with the help of camouflaging with the cellular-membranes. Talking specifically cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles are an innovative biomimetic platform comprising core of nanoparticles and membrane shell. These camouflaged nanoparticles possess the ability to mimic the special functionalities of the membrane, such as enhanced blood regulation, having better internalization and active drug targeting. In this review, the focus is on the latest developments of biological cell membrane camouflaged nanoparticles, applications of cell-membrane coating for sustainable drug delivery and discussion about its future prospects in the upcoming times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coatings in industries are created for different applications such as thermal barriers, corrosion protection, wear protection, and biological applications, among others. For a wide range of functional properties, including mechanical, wear-resistance, electrical, chemical, electronic and magnetic, several surface engineering approaches are strategically developed. A broad range of materials, such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites, are coated on either related or unrelated materials. Different thermal spray coatings, such as plasma spray, HVOF, or laser cladding are commercially used. They require the feedstock material to be melted or partially melted, either in the powder form or wire form, followed by melting the molten droplets to create a lamellar structure coating. Because the temperatures involved are so high, the coatings used in thermal spray technology may show significant levels of oxidation, which limits their use in temperature-sensitive materials and other such industrial applications. In this context, cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS) is a solid-state processing that is ideal for the deposition of substances that are oxygen-sensitive such as aluminium, copper, or titanium or for temperature sensitive materials such as nanostructured and amorphous powders. However, for industrial applications, where corrosion and wear resistance are necessary, i.e. power generation industries these coatings fail. Hence, addition of ceramic particles is imperative. In this regard, nickel-alumina coatings on mild steel are used for marine, atmospheric and high-temperature applications. Nickel-alumina composite coatings have been deposited using thermal spraying, HVOF, plasma spraying, but there is not adequate research using cold spray. Therefore the main aim of this research paper is to explore and classify the applications of Ni-Al2O3 composite coatings using cold spraying technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research, Nickel oxide NiO nanostructure material was set employing pulsed laser at various energies of (500, 600, & 700) mJ/pulse. The formation of the Ni-O band was confirmed by FTIR measurements. The optical transmittance results showed shifted to a longer wavelength. The transition has a direct bandgap that alternated from 3.8 to 3.65 eV relying on the energies of the laser. The insertion of the obtained NiO NPs over silicon substrate as a thin film showed good effectiveness for short wave detection. The NiO NPs heterojunction presented well I-V performance in the dark situation and exhibited promising photovoltaic characteristics under the light case. It displayed a maximum peak of the responsivity of 0.708 A/W@330 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current investigation, pulsed laser deposition was used to prepare zinc oxide: multiwall carbon nanotube (ZnO: MWCNT) nanocomposite films with a 15 weight percent MWCNT concentration on clean glass substrates. Investigations were done on the antibacterial properties of MWCNT concentration in wastewater. To keep track of how the created nanocomposite materials were doing, various strategies were employed. The synthesis of ZnO: MWCNT is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) research through absorption bands at various wave numbers for stretching and bending modes. The prepared nanofilms are a strong candidate for a wide range of applications due to this sort of behavior. From FTIR analysis, it can be seen that fabricated samples have a variety of bands. This work demonstrated the potential use of ZnO: 15 wt percent MWCNTs nanocomposites application as an antimicrobial material for wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug delivery system, preparation by conjugation of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG4000) 4000 then loading with Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (black seed extraction), drug. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the material. XRD peaks indicate the successful synthesis of GONSs with a hexagonal structure, while in GONSs –PEG4000, the site shifted, ensuring the capped of two materials. Flaky wavy sheet with tree branch exhibited in TEM images with particles size ± ∼100 nm. The anticancer activity study in vitro for two lines of cancerous tissue AMJ13 and SK-GT-4 cells. Drug nanoparticles with plant extraction show a Cytotoxic high effect than nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impact resistance was the primary goal of preparing a review; thus, it is recommended to do an extensive study to improve the concrete properties, especially from industrial waste materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers. It has shown that nanomaterials have already an ability to treat and strengthen the bond traction between fibers and cement paste by accelerating the hydration reactions at an early age, then consuming the calcium hydrate (CH) and increased the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) which it represents the responsible about the bonding and bridging action. One of the essential qualities of concrete is its impact resistance. Furthermore, combining Nanomaterials and fibers demonstrates how to effect tangible characteristics change. The current state of Nano-materials and Fiber in Concrete is summarized in this brief review. It has been reviewed all studies from 2010-2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of researches about using nanomaterial in different types of concrete has increased recently. This study presented the existing study about applications of nano clay in traditional and self-compacting concrete and showed its impact on these types of concrete. The adding nano helps reduce cement content by partially replacing cement and helps reduce microspore formation resulting in a matrix with higher density. This review found that utilizing nano clay (N.C.) as a part of cement replacement can increase conventional and concrete's strength, microstructure density, and durability. Concrete's mechanical properties can be improved by incorporating nano clay, by enhancing the homogeneity of the concrete's matrix, thus reducing the isolation of self-compacting concrete. The addition of nanomaterials such as nano clay affects the properties of fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete in a positive way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work focuses on two key points: reducing the proportion of cement and replacing it with alternative materials such as nano-clay, which is used in the current research. The use of natural resources such as kaolin clay to create nanomaterials that improve the properties of self-compacting concrete. In this work, in order to investigate the fresh and strength properties, different percentages of nano-clay (NC) (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) were replaced in self-compacting concrete ((SCC)) with cement, and to inclusion for as NC had a significant effect on the fresh properties of SCC, according to the results. For strength properties, the inclusion and addition of NC improved strength properties i.e. SCC specimens that incorporate NC have higher strength than reference SCC without NC. The best results for compressive strength were found for 5% NC. At 10% NC some fresh properties were not satisfied besides the strength began to decrease compared to 5 and 7.5% NC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A possible technique for giving different materials new properties is impurity doping. Since the 18th century, rare-earth ions have been thoroughly investigated as active dopants in inorganic crystal lattices because of their distinctive optical, magnetic, and electrical capabilities. Rare-earth doping can change doped nanomaterials' size, shape, and crystallographic phase, producing tunable optical responses and improved mechanical and electronic functionalities. Additionally, rare-earth doping can significantly enhance energy conversion and harvesting via tunable and scalable control over doped nanomaterials' final electrical and catalytic performance. A comprehensive repertoire of functional nanomaterials for real-world applications must first be developed, which requires a greater understanding of the crucial role played by rare-earth doping. Different rare earth-doped nanomaterials have been extensively studied for their applications in NIR Bioimaging, photocatalytic activity, bone tissue engineering and implantology, ceramics and composites, micro/nano-electronics, and many more. From the extensive literature survey, it was thought noteworthy to collect and report some of the very recent(period of 2020-2022) synthesized rare-earth doped nanomaterials and their applications in a concise manner in this short review paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has become an essential aspect of everyday life, with nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 100 nm contributing significantly to fields such as optics, electronics, mechanics, drug-gene delivery, chemical industry, optoelectronic devices, nonlinear optical devices, catalysis, space industries, energy science, and photoelectrochemical applications. Among the various techniques available for synthesizing nanomaterials, physical methods are time-consuming, require high thermal stability, and consume a lot of energy. Chemical synthesis, on the other hand, uses harsh reducing agents and organic solvents, which is a significant disadvantage. Thus, biological synthesis pathways are preferred over physical and chemical synthesis methods. These methods involve the use of bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. However, using microorganisms for the synthesis of nanoparticles can be slow and pose pathogenicity and maintenance issues for large-scale production and cultures. Instead, green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants or plant parts for the bio-reduction of metal ions into their elemental form is more efficient, simpler, economical, and can easily be scaled up for larger operations. This review article summarizes recently synthesized nanoparticles along with their properties and featured applications for future reference and scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyaniline (PANI) and Graphene Nano Sheets (GNS) composite material has an application in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. The verified EMI Shielding PANI/GNS composite material re-prepared to analyse the optical behaviour in UV and Visible region. The nanocomposites characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR. Present study involved four samples of 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% GNS in PANI to form composite and characterized by UV Visible. Optical properties in an UV-Visible region have been investigated with Tauc method to find direct band and indirect band gap. Also, the Localized defect states are observed using Urbach Energy plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overall water splitting electrocatalyst produces hydrogen and oxygen gas in two half-reactions. In the process of designing a new bifunctional electrocatalyst, here we present the HER and OER study of Fe-doped MoS2 nanosheets prepared by a cost-effective and simple chemical method. In 1 M KOH electrolyte, the HER overpotential of 785 mV for undoped MoS2 has decreased to 572 mV after 15 at% Fe doping. Similarly, the OER onset potential has decreased from 1.76 to 1.63 V after 15 at% Fe doping in MoS2. The bifunctional nature of Fe-doped MoS2 nanosheets is established after observing large anodic and cathodic current densities at lower overpotentials during HER and OER measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the global energy and environmental crisis, advanced energy storage systems with superior electrochemical performance have seen rapid growth. Electrochemical properties of selected electrode materials have direct impact on the performance of energy storage technologies. Two dimensional (2D) structures are considered promising materials for energy storage systems because of their unique structure and outstanding electrochemical characteristics. Therefore, we reported the facile synthesis of WS2 nanosheet as an electrode material in a storage system via liquid exfoliation method. The increased specific capacitance and electrical conductivity of the WS2 nanosheet electrode can be attributed to active WS2 nanosheets with a large specific surface area and their efficient conducting pathways. As a result, the WS2 nanosheet may be considered a potential candidate for use in the future energy storage field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnCo2O4 nanosheets have been synthesized by a superficial two-step procedure involving a Hydrothermal process accompanied by heat treatment. The electrochemical performance of the synthesized nanosheets as supercapacitive electrode material has been tested. The effect of various aqueous electrolytes (1M Na2SO4, 6M KOH, and mixed 1M Na2SO4+ 6M KOH) on the performance of the symmetric supercapacitor has been investigated. The maximum specific capacitance of ZnCo2O4 nanosheets by using 6M KOH, mixed 6M KOH+1M Na2SO4, and 1M Na2SO4 were observed to be 70.45 F g−1, 40.62 F g−1, and 32.16 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Further, the electrode material exhibited energy of 5.58 Wh kg−1 for power of 150 W kg−1 in 6M KOH. The results suggested that 6M KOH is a superior electrolyte for ZnCo2O4 based supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile industries release lots of hazardous chemicals and organic materials like dyes into rivers which cause pollution in water bodies. ZnO nanomaterial has been prepared over wide range of temperatures via Mechanical Assisted Thermal Decomposition (MATD) and MSMATD. Phase identification, morphology of ZnO nanomaterial, and photocatalytic degradation rate of Methylene blue (MB) textile dye with ZnO nanomaterial have been studied via X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and UV-Visible spectroscopy, respectively. Preliminary studies on the effect of magnetic stirring time over wide range of synthesis to obtain effective ZnO nanomaterial having higher efficiency towards methylene dye degradation have been presented. MSMATD synthesis method with higher magnetic stirring duration is found to be highly effective with enhanced dye degradation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully synthesized Nb substituted cobalt ferrite nanomaterials (CoNbyFe2-yO4, where y = 0.0, 0.01 and 0.02) via sol gel autocombustion method. The phase pure product is confirmed by powder XRD analysis. XRD studies allowed the determination of crystallite size by using the Scherrer formula. The calculated crystallite sizes are 42 nm, 31 nm and 25 nm for CoNbyFe2-yO4 materials with Nb content, y = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02; respectively. The particle sizes obtained from SEM micrographs are in accordance with XRD crystallite sizes. Saturation magnetization (Ms) values decrease from 81.75 emu/g to 71.21 emu/g for CoNbyFe2-yO4 materials with Nb content, y = 0.0 and 0.02, respectively. The results have been interpreted on the basis of increased Nb contents along with size and surface effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the decrease of contemporary technologies and the widespread use of ultra-fast lasers, the study of small and nanoscale thermoelastic materials has become crucial among the scientific community. A new novel size-dependent generalized thermoelasticity model is introduced by incorporating the non-local Eringen model and the heat equationwith two-phase delays for analyzing the thermo-mechanical interactions in slender rod excited by laser heat input. The influence of the non-local parameter and the phase delays are investigated and addressed in depth through the numerical computation. Expected results from the size-dependent formulation are compared with those derived using classical continuum mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Non-Newtonian One dimensional Nanofluid with Aluminium-water based and Copper-water based nanoparticles to a nonlinear plate which is considered vertically. The analysis of nanofluid in order to incorporate the impact of radiation, generating energy flow rate and higher order reactions on nanoscale materials chemically are performed. The novelty of the problem is the thermal energy of copper and aluminium water based nanoparticles are tested and outputs are executed comparing them. The fundamental inner flow region of governing equations are framed to nonlinear coupled partial differential equations via similarity variable transformations. The finite element technique (FEM) is employed due to its stability and convergent, outputs are computed using MATLAB code. The impact of physical significance reflective pertinent quantifiers such as heat generation quantifier, radiation, magnetic field quantifier, Prandtl, Schmidt and chemical reaction quantifier are illustrated. Comparison of Aluminium-water based and Copper-water based nanoparticles in velocity field, temperature gradient and species gradient are graphically illustrated. To examine the impacts of principal flow of heat transfer (Nusselt) and skin friction values are tabulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an experimental investigation of natural convection in a rectangular cavity filled with (CuO-Al2O3)/water hybrid nanofluid in a rectangular cavity. The rectangular cavity consists of two opposite vertical heated walls at varying temperatures. Three different mixing of hybrid nanofluid have been studied to select the best kind of hybrid nanofluid ((30%CuO-70%Al2O3), (40%CuO-60%Al2O3), and (50%CuO-50%Al2O3))/water. The concentration of hybrid nanomaterial used Φ=0.03%, and the difference of temperatures on vertical sides ΔT=5, 10, and 15 ◦C are taken into account. The results showed that the best heat transfer occurs with (50%CuO-50%Al2O3)/water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formulating a good drilling fluid is the key factor to the success of any drilling operation. There are many problems that occur during drilling operations that reduce the efficiency of the mud such as low lubricity problems. Oil based mud (OBM) can be used to reduce the effects of the mentioned problem compared to water-based mud (WBM). However, due to the environmental and economic factors, the usage of OBM is limited. Hence, this study was conducted to improve the lubricity of WBM using nanomaterials. Two nanomaterials have been used which are graphene nanoparticles (GNP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with varying the concentration from 0 – 1.0 g. The rheological properties, API filtration and mud cake thickness at room temperature and after aging at 250⁰F for 16 hours were tested. It was found that the addition of nanomaterials reduced the coefficient of friction (CoF) of the WBM up to 35%, where the reduction increased with raising the concentration. GNP showed more prospective reduction of CoF of WBM compared to titanium dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane technology has received tremendous amount of attention globally, especially in the field of environmental remediation. However, the current membrane synthesis process usually uses conventional solvent namely N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) which is deemed to be not entirely safe for the environment. Associated with this, this study aims to adopt a greener approach in preparing the membrane via the usage of green solvent. First, cellulose acetate (CA) membrane was prepared by using ethyl lactate (EL) as green solvent under the presence of graphene oxide (GO). GO based MMM membranes were fabricated via phase inversion process by employing 20 wt% of CA, 80 wt% of EL and varying the concentration of GO from 0 – 3 wt% to probe the efficiency of GO nanohybrids concentration towards membrane performance. Several characterization processes were carried out namely surface wettability, porosity, and pore size measurement. Subsequently, the membrane performance was probe in their pure water flux and flux recovery ratio (FRR) capability. With the addition of 1 wt% GO, M2 (modified membrane) demonstrated improvement in terms of hydrophilicity and porosity for approximately 14.51% and 47.40% respectively. Besides that, membrane pure water flux and FRR increased by 2.56-fold and 3.46-fold respectively as compared to M0 (unmodified membrane). Owing to these findings, the usage of green solvent together with the nanomaterial was seen as a promising green approach in membrane synthesis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research look into the consequences of different concentrations (0.01mM, 0.05 mM, 0.1mM,0.25 mM, 0.5 mM) on nonlinear refraction n2 of Methyl Orange (MO) Dye in various spectral areas. The results of the investigation reveal that the effects of the concentration are effected by the excitation wavelength. using (Z-Scan) approach,Non-linear measurements were performed by using (CW) lasers at wavelengths (405nm, 473 nm, 532nm, 650nm) and with different laser power of (13.15 mw,9.85 mw, 34.74mw) respectively, and effect of add nanomaterial on non linear optical properties. The results showed that Nonlinear refraction index coefficient increased with increasing the concentration of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work Ni2O3 nanomaterial is a phase of Nickel Oxide have been synthesized via using simple chemical process. It is a simple, rapid and cost effective method. Nickel Chloride Hexahydrate NiCl2.6H2O and Potassium Hydroxide KOH are the basic materials used in the present process, by utilizing a temperature at 250 oC for 2 hour. The morphological, structural and optical properties of the synthesized samples were characterized by employing various techniques such as AFM, XRD, UV-Vis and FTIR respectively. The XRD technique confirm the presence of Ni2O3 nanomaterial with crystal size 57.083 nm which consistent with AFM, UV-Vis and FTIR. Results revealed that the fast, simple and low cost method produced Ni2O3 in Nano size range. The synthesis Ni2O3 will be useful for different industries. It is comfortable to manufacture the electrodes materials for fuel cell and production catalytic materials for electrolysis cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer simulations and laptop working furnish balancing methods of figuring out construction associations that are generally focused on towards forecasting the ideal particular shape to make the most of the overall performance in an assumed application. This can be unpredictable with investigational explanations that quantity the shared homes of whole examples of buildings that comprise deliveries or combination of constructions, even when created then treated with attention. Metallic nanoparticle substances are a necessary instance. In this work, we have rummage-sale a multi-stage computing device working workflow to discover the right construction associations of Pt nanoparticles applicable to oxygen decrease, hydrogen corrosion, as well as hydrogen development responses. By which includes organization previous to reversion, we recognized two wonderful lessons of nanoparticles also as a result produced the class-specific fashions based totally on experimentally applicable standards that are regular through interpretations. These multi-structure relations, forecasting houses be around in excess of a massive pattern of constructions, furnish an extra available way to switch data-driven forecasts obsessed by the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using the solid-state reaction technique, high-temperature nanomaterial's superconductors HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ and HgBa2CaCu2O6+δ, have been effectively created. At 850 °C, samples were sintered. By calculating the current and voltage as a function of temperature using the four probes method to determine the transition temperatures Tc(onset) and Tc(offset), the continuous electrical properties were explored. Where it was discovered that for the HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ compound, the electrical resistivity has a gradient Tc(onset) (the beginning) at 145 K but zeroes out at Tc(offset) = 128 K. The temperature Tc(onset) (beginning) for the HgBa2CaCu2O6+δ compound was 137 K, whereas the temperature Tc(offset) was zero at 115 K. Using a Lee disk, thermal conductivity was measured. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased in direct proportion to temperature. The sample of the compound (HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ) (Hg-1223) has a curve that begins at a temperature (40 ° C), thermal conductivity (0.878970388), and ends at a point (0.901118234) with a temperature (280 °C). This curve is higher than the curve of the compound (HgBa2CaCu2O6+δ) (Hg-1212) has a curve that begins at a temperature (40 ° C), thermal conductivity (0.878027444), and ends at a point (0.895530) with a temperature (280 °C). In order to analyze the structural qualities, X-ray diffraction analysis was used. The findings demonstrated that both compounds have a tetragonal crystal structure with distinct differences in the crystal lattice characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to 3D print objects of desired size, shape, porosity and surface area by suitable design consideration opens up possibilities to adopt them in applications requiring larger contact surfaces. Nanomaterial catalysts whose enhanced surface area is exploited for application suffer limitations in their reusability, recyclability, and efficient retrieval of material from the reaction medium. In this article, we show that a promising industrial application can be derived by constructively combining their features. A custom-designed, fused deposition modelling-based 3D printed PLA honeycomb structure is coated with a pre-synthesised visible light active, nitrogen-doped titania nanocatalyst (N-TiO2). For this purpose, optimisation of different types of solvents was conducted to identify compatible solvents that can retain the efficient functionality of N-TiO2 immobilised onto the PLA substrate. Toluene was identified as an effective solvent giving satisfactory adsorbent characteristics to the nanocatalyst with satisfactory catalytic ability. Moreover, the catalyst substrate exhibited good structural and functional stability in terms of recyclable applications, where 94 % to 52 % of dyes were removed over five cycles of operation. We thus demonstrate custom designed FDM 3D printed substrates modified to adsorb nanomaterial catalysts, when incorporated into the photocatalytic reactor, can successfully mitigate environmental pollution on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Displays with high-strength, low-weight composites, improved electronics, and low energy consumption, a wide range of physical sensors, multifunctional materials with embedded sensors, materials on large surface areas, and novel filters and nanomaterials in membranes, tires, and brakes for air purification and many other nanotechnology applications in aerospace. In this article, nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes, will be introduced and discussed. Recent developments in the field of application are mentioned above, especially physical sensors, actuators, nanoelectromechanical systems, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical and chemical process at nano level manipulates the behavior of cement-based materials. Nanomaterials are highly effective in reinforcing and improving the properties of cement composites. Concrete is a heterogeneous composite material which is widely utilized in the construction industry. The microstructural performance, fresh concrete and hardened concrete properties vary due to complex nature of concrete ingredients. In order to improve the functional properties, convert conventional cement-based materials into stronger, more durable and smarter composites, nano materials are being used predominantly. Recent progress of nano materials on the influence of properties of cement composites, current developments and novel techniques are reviewed in this paper. This paper further summarizes the current understanding of the microstructure, mechanical and durability properties of cement composites by including various types of nanomaterials. Research available on nanomaterials has shown that it is possible to enhance the properties of conventional cement-based materials with the inclusion of nanomaterials. Some such nanomaterials include nano silica(ns), nano TiO2, CNT (Carbon Nano Tubes), nano graphene oxide(nGO) and nano ZnO. Further studies involving material characterization techniques to evaluate microstructural properties of cement nano composites at nanoscale are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]