Recent progress in the mitigation of nanomaterials via the biosynthetic method of plant extract.

Nanotechnology has become an essential aspect of everyday life, with nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 100 nm contributing significantly to fields such as optics, electronics, mechanics, drug-gene delivery, chemical industry, optoelectronic devices, nonlinear optical devices, catalysis, space industries, energy science, and photoelectrochemical applications. Among the various techniques available for synthesizing nanomaterials, physical methods are time-consuming, require high thermal stability, and consume a lot of energy. Chemical synthesis, on the other hand, uses harsh reducing agents and organic solvents, which is a significant disadvantage. Thus, biological synthesis pathways are preferred over physical and chemical synthesis methods. These methods involve the use of bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. However, using microorganisms for the synthesis of nanoparticles can be slow and pose pathogenicity and maintenance issues for large-scale production and cultures. Instead, green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants or plant parts for the bio-reduction of metal ions into their elemental form is more efficient, simpler, economical, and can easily be scaled up for larger operations. This review article summarizes recently synthesized nanoparticles along with their properties and featured applications for future reference and scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]