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In this second part, the paper continues to explain how the structuring of food preparations can be discussed from the perspective of the physics of "Soft Matter" and "Molecular Gastronomy". Such preparations are characterised by several internally dispersed phases organised in their own hierarchical structure. Food structures also depend on the balance between building and breaking ingredients. The specific chemical compositions of the colloidal elements are then associated with specific functional properties, which are necessary for these constructions and disintegrations. This paper emphasises the importance of using the Complex Disperse System (CDS) notation to signify, in symbols, the complex and hierarchical structures of Food Technologies. In this way, food structures and preparations can be symbolically and synthetically indicated in terms of their compositions. Finally, they can be understood as colloidal systems that are rarely unary, but usually multiple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the educational value of the memory of some past events is important for pedagogy, not only because of the consolidated presence of some fixed appointments (such as the Day of Memory and that of Remembrance), but for reasons that can constitute a pedagogy of memory. Among the events that left deep traces in the imagination of the social community of Longarone there is the Vajont disaster, which occurred on October 9, 1963. In this paper you will learn more about the pedagogical reasons and the general structure of an educational project that has led to a series of educational and didactic actions with classes of all schools, of all levels, in the municipality of Longarone. The research project was carried out in collaboration with numerous stakeholders, including the City Administration, Educational Institutions and some voluntary associations, as well as a witness who was present at the time of the Vajont disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper draws attention to the pervasiveness of online hate speech in the social web, meaning all oppressive and discriminatory forms of expression and socialization. The recent data report a strong polarization and radicalization of the phenomenon. In this perspective, as recommended in some documents issued by the European Institutions, we highlight the need for networking that starts from strengthening the skills of training professionals necessary to know how to prevent and counter the phenomenon, creating "bottom-up" experiences that through the constructs of media education and peer education can promote the development of digital citizenship skills and belonging to a global humanity in favor of the protection of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a theoretical and practical reflection on digital assets, with a specific emphasis on musical assets, in the context of museum education. The primary objective is to underscore the value of digital assets, which play a pivotal role in virtual systems that facilitate remote access to cultural heritage through educational and interactive approaches. This study responds to the increasing demand, particularly evident in recent years within educational environments, to innovate teaching methodologies by integrating multimedia tools such as serious games and edugames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the application of game based learning activities in the Italian educational system, and particularly in field of history didactics. This article sheds a light on the process, manner, and timing in which GBL was introduced in the Italian school and analyzes its results, potentialities, criticalities, and effects, a few decades later. The analysis summarizes the opinions of several specialists who expressed their opinion on GBL in different periods, comparing their statements in the early stages of this methodological innovation, and in more recent times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to list the main educational games that were created to teach history, analysing how they changed through time. It will include the last century first significant experiences in Italy and the most recent ones, while comparing them with the new proposals of gamification. Moreover, it will highlight how the progressive focus of scholars towards historical games and videogames offers new outcomes and applications for school education. This digital game activities, when designed and produced specially for school environments, could become new learning tools, useful for history education. They could be part of a new school curriculum for historical and social subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper intends to investigate gamebook as a literary genre in a historical-educational perspective aimed at identifying the resistance that this genre has encountered since its debut in the book market in the 1980s. Despite some criticism, the gamebook has also received positive reviews from those authors, such as Cassini, who have grasped its potential in stimulating a propensity for independent reading, i.e. not influenced by adults. Finally, the author dwells on the ludic element that characterises the gamebook, arguing that in game-based-learning it can increase students interests towards topics kept on the margins in historical textbooks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies narrative strategies for writing stories of videogames and serious games. After a brief review of narrative techniques commonly used by videogame writers, the setting, plot, and the main character of three videogame titles, Zelda, Pokémon, and Dark Souls, are analyzed. The analysis shows that the respective protagonists, as playable characters, appear narratively flat with common characteristics that can contribute to increase the overall playability level of the game experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents some results of a pedagogical case study on the impact, characteristics and functioning of the educational dispositif of the theatre workshop of the 'C. Beccaria' juvenile detention centre in Milan (Barone et al., 2022, Berni, 2022). After presenting the research, its object and its methodologicalstrategies, the article focuses on the results concerning the playful and fictional dimension of the theatre experience. By drawing a structural analogy between the phenomenon of education and the phenomenon of play, the characteristics of the project are analysed in order to highlight some relevant aspects for rethinking educational practice in juvenile prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a theoretical reflection on the use of gamification, game-based learning, serious games and simulations and illustrates an experimental experience carried out by the University of Sassari. These tools develop skills and competencies, convey educational content, and promote learning, interest and involvement, especially from an inclusive perspective. They represent virtual learning environments in which the user acquires knowledge by exploring and finding solutions. Experience corroborates the theses that the use of games enables the refinement of perception, stimulation of attention and memory, through learning by doing, and allows for the facilitation, development, increase and maturation of disciplinary and cross-curricular skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the combination of philosophy and serious games as an innovative pedagogical tool for teaching. In the contemporary educational context, the use of serious games is emerging as a promising option to engage students in an interactive and challenging way. Philosophy, with its reflective and critical nature, offers fertile ground for the application of these games, allowing students to explore complex concepts, ethical dilemmas and philosophical issues in a practical and engaging way. A new challenge, therefore, to integrate philosophy into serious games for education and ready to discuss the pedagogical implications and future prospects of this synergy, highlighting the potential for enriching philosophical learning and stimulating students' critical and creative thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text, structured in two parts, aims to explain how the structuring of food preparations can be discussed from the perspective of the physics of "Soft Matter" and "Molecular Gastronomy". Such preparations are characterised by several internally dispersed phases organised in their own hierarchical structure. Food structures also depend on the balance between building and breaking ingredients. The specific chemical compositions of the colloidal elements are then associated with specific functional properties, which are necessary for these constructions and disintegrations. This paper emphasises the importance of using the Complex Disperse System (CDS) notation to signify, in symbols, the complex and hierarchical structures of Food Technologies. In this way, food structures and preparations can be symbolically and synthetically indicated in terms of their compositions. Finally, they can be understood as colloidal systems that are rarely unary, but usually multiple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will present a historical overview concerning the evolution of mathematical ideas on the concept of continuum. This topic is wide. Therefore, we will not offer an exhaustive historical overview, but focus on some of the most important authors: Archimedes, Cavalieri, Cantor. We will expound their most significant concepts, and show some didactic applications, especially with reference to the teaching of mathematics in high school three final years. The article will be divided into two parts: in the first one, we will expound Archimedes' method of barycentres and that of exhaustion, as well as Cavalieri's method of indivisibles. All these procedures are closely related to the structure of the continuum. In the second part we will discuss Cantor's definition of continuum and develop some didactic considerations, as well as provide a bibliographical overview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with a poetic provocation by Carl Sandburg, the article presents a reflection on the concept of ‘open reason’, understood as an idea of reason that ‘asks’ (or assumes that questions are more essential than answers). Taking Sandburg's poem and its literary characters as a starting point, the paper discusses the different modes of knowledge - ‘open reason’ or ‘critical reason’ - and how these may or may not generate in students a continuous conferring of meaning on reality, with all the tangle of emotions, motivations, affections and, of course, knowledge and skills that this dynamic entails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In education, research has shown that teaching quality is a decisive factor in student learning. However, as in many countries the role and functioning of schools are undergoing significant changes, the expectations placed on teachers are also changing. Indeed, we expect teachers to be able to manage increasingly multicultural classes, use technology more effectively, encourage student participation in the classroom, and involve parents more in school. For this reason, traditional pre-service training proves unequal to its mission of preparing teachers for all the challenges they will not be able to escape during their career. From this perspective, professional development can be an important strategy that can help teachers expand their knowledge and skills to implement the best educational practices and, accordingly, raise student achievement. This is also the research hypothesis for this essay, which aims to investigate the effect of primary school teachers’ professional development on 4th grade students’ achievement. To this end, data from the 2019 cycle of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) were analysed. Against conventional wisdom, we do not find evidence of a positive relationship between teachers’ professional development and academic achievement. Rather, this paper presents clear findings of no significant effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper wants illustrate a methodological deliberation about teacher training based on the union between literature and theatre in order to achieve the literaly catharsis. Starting from an examination of the essential elements of this idea (theatre, literature and catharsis) the paper introduces a suggestion for teacher training as theater training where the link between reality, culture and live works to overcome the common point of view of theatre only as a show at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the relationship between poverty and digital illiteracy. The problem of the digital divide, which affects people living in disadvantaged conditions, especially those on low incomes, refers to critical factors such as illiteracy and digital exclusion. The increasing diffusion of technologies is progressively reinforcing the exclusion of certain socially disadvantaged groups, especially in terms of access and relevance of technology use. In fact, data show that where poverty rates increase, digital literacy is lower, as poorer people are less likely to be involved in literacy processes and to acquire skills that enable them to interact with the digital world. So, while digital represents a real opportunity for those most at risk of poverty, it also tends to penalise them, creating digitally disadvantaged subgroups. With the increasing digital integration in society, production, education, and everyday life, we are witnessing changes on an unprecedented scale. The paper focuses on the causes of digital inequalities and the inclusive policies that countries, governments, and institutions should offer to the whole population, especially socially disadvantaged groups, to improve access and use of digital technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the materials preserved in the archives of popular writing (letters, diaries, memoirs, autobiographies, postcards, photographs, etc.) make it possible to rethink and reconstruct the great events of the past from the point of view of those who experienced and suffered them first hand, through which tools will it be possible to rethink and reconstruct the present time? What will be the future of the archives of popular writing? Will they begin to focus on collecting new types of personal testimonies? This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at understanding whether the use of digital platforms favours the performance of uses and educational activities comparable to those developed through the use of the writings of ordinary people. Specifically, attention has been paid to Instagram and its use in the digital age in order to verify whether content published in the form of stories and/or posts could be recognised as possible didactic tools aimed at 'educating' about historical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the MUSA - Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action project, the article presents a multidisciplinary research aimed at understanding how to make the public space of the Bicocca District of Milan a place of participation and a context of continuous learning on environmental, economic and social sustainability issues. The paper returns a map of the research process to explain the methodological steps that have distinguished it so that they can be transferred and replicated in research paths that are similar in terms of content, objective, conditions and starting resources. Besides the methodological attentions, the article also shares the first results emerging from the literature review on the relationship between territory, participation, documentation and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper offers a review of the development of the work of Alberto Manzi, pedagogue, television teacher and children's book writer. Beginning with some choices made in the production of the well-known RAI program "Non è mai troppo tardi," it shows how the "maestro degli italiani" set much of his work focusing on the importance of the image as a medium in relation to the written and spoken word. The educator thus anticipated fundamental themes such as that of visual literacy, particularly decisive in a historical period in which visual media erode the secular power of print, basing his reflection on studies not only pedagogical but also iconological and mediological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical education, especially in the context of primary school, represents for the child the first and, in some cases, even the only structured setting in which to experiment with motor experiences that have semantic and logical connections with other learnings. It contributes significantly to promote the educational process through the perception of the bodily self, the learning of motor skills, the increase of opportunities to implement motor sequences. in which the child can be fully involved not only on the physical-motor level but also on the cognitive, emotional, and social level. In this context, the aim of this paper is to highlight how, through a conscious pedagogical action oriented towards the proposal of significant motor experiences and the acquisition of new skills, it is possible to promote an adequate didactic planning capable of attributing the right value to motor action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the transition from kindergarten to primary school, children are confronted for the first time with new learning, such as reading, writing and arithmetic. In order for this to happen in the best possible way, it is important that the child possesses a series of prerequisites that involve not only the linguistic sphere, but also the motor sphere. In the first years of life, children explore and learn about the world around them through their bodies and movements. Through motor experiences, the child develops not only his physical skills, but also cognitive skills. Promoting the acquisition of didactic and educational skills through physical activity, becomes essential to be able to exert concrete help especially towards those children who have school difficulties or special educational needs. This paper aims to recognize the value of kindergarten in relation to the learning processes of basic skills of reading, writing, arithmetic, socialization, and cooperation. In particular, the purpose is to demonstrate the positive influence of physical activity on school prerequisites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyse the opportunity to promote the scholastic inclusion of pupils, through physical education. In the first instance, the historical process that has seen the transition from the concept of school integration of pupils with disabilities to that of inclusion through the introduction of regulations suitable for protecting the educational needs of each one will be explored. The potential of physical education will be explored through the structuring of new ways of designing and managing educational practice as an exercise of active and inclusive citizenship. Attention will also be focused on the mind-body binomial, with a view to the potential of the Embodied Cognition paradigm, which can take on a formative and pedagogically significant value, both by soliciting all those components of an expressive-communicative nature that support the union between body, mind, emotion, cognition and environment, and to further qualify inclusive processes in the context of ordinary teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motor/sports approach offers the possibility of transferring knowledge using the body as a learning tool, allowing students to acquire skills in a practical and engaging way. The aim of this paper is to underline the importance of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in school contexts as a tool to foster inclusion through the teaching of Physical Education. The UDL approach applied to the motor-sports context makes it possible to promote inclusion in training by designing interventions that take into account the different abilities and needs of students. The performance of different activities during the hour of Physical Education tends to encourage the active participation of students, favoring the development of motor skills and promoting a healthy and active lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions play a fundamental role in classroom interaction. In particular, in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classrooms the strategic use of questions can strongly influence the learning process regarding both language and content. This paper emphasizes the interplay between questions, classroom discourse, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in CLIL contexts. It categorizes questions as procedural, display, or referential, looking into their implications and potential in terms of providing occasions for scaffolding in classroom interaction and fostering both language and content processing and learning. Moreover, it underscores the pivotal role of well-crafted prompts in guiding generative AI to aid educators in fostering critical thinking, knowledge construction, and language development among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the heuristic value of utopia and dystopia for teachers' pedagogical reflection. In this context, the Future Lab methodology appears to be a potential tool for supporting the creation of “spaces of meaning”: rest areas from a bulimic present to interrupt the performance loop and restore meaning to one's actions. To complement the work, insights derived from an action research project involving several high school teachers will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper emphasises the centrality of free will in the process of acquiring knowledge: indeed, freedom significantly affects the cognitive process and determines the basic attitude with which the human subject encounters the circumstantial reality in which he or she lives. The first three parts of this article were published in the March, April and May issues (NS7, NS8, NS9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jack Kerouac’s archive was opened to the public for the first time in 2006. The Anglo-American writer was indeed born into a family originally from Quebec and raised in a French-Canadian neighbourhood in New England. French was the first language he had ever spoken. The aim of this article is to piece together the events that have ensued the author’s death, focusing on the legal battle for Kerouac’s estate and for his archive. The bibliographical research subsequent to these events has led to the acquisition of previously unknown documents within the Jack Kerouac Papers, of which we intend to present the organisation, accounting for the research done on the findings. These writings are remarkably valuable from a linguistic standpoint since they testify to the use of French in his work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ITS system is developing significantly. Strengthened by a thought that has its horizon in the fruitful dialogue between the world of training and the world of work, the Higher Technological Institutes will increasingly have a decisive role in guaranteeing such transition in an optimal way. The objective of this paper is to show how the ITS Academies represent an interesting opportunity of connection between training opportunities and the job market, summarizing the salient points of the evolution of legislation, and explaining its rationale, interrogating the available data from the reports that deal with the ITS system, and proposing the case of Mobilita ITS Academy as a best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gap between junior high school and college is still a critical point within the educational debate. It is embodied in the lack of education and preparation for academic study within high school. In contrast, recent studies such as those of Chambers (2020) and O'Connor (2011) have shown how the interaction and presence of the university within educational institutions can bring progress on both sides. The goal of the following paper is to demonstrate how-in an Italian L2 context-it is possible to achieve results from both an educational and training perspective, using a method such as Service Learning. This is method that makes the community - together with the students and the university - an actor within the learning process. Preliminary research conducted at the University for Foreigners in Perugia is presented here. To collect data, a questionnaire consisting of objective and subjective items was administered to students, which were then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The data were represented graphically. From the analysis of the data, it is shown that the Service-Learning method could be useful and effective in linking educational institutions of various levels and achieving results in the continuing education of the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an exploratory study conducted in Piedmont using semi-structured interviews with teachers, managers and family representatives in order to support the thesis that the initial secondary teacher education is a non-traditional factor of inequality with distorting effects on equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law 92 of 20 August 2019 establishes the teaching of civic education as a "transversal teaching" (art. 2), not entrusted to a single teacher, but to the entire class council, which must plan a targeted course, focusing on the thematic nuclei indicated by the law (art. 3) and reduced in the curriculum through "competence goals". The paper presents an experience of interdisciplinarity between Italian and science, articulated in several stages. The didactic objectives were the development of the skills of reading and understanding texts, of writing and of reworking scientific topics. Individual work was alternated with collaborative work. Metacognitive reflection was promoted by integrating the different subject areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the evaluation of the definite integral of real functions of real variables that exhibit particular symmetries can be simplified. The proposal will then be substantiated through some application rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with a survey conducted at school by teachers and students not very recent, but current once again with the Russian invasion of Ukraine aiming to focus on the role of women in wars, through searching for direct family records pertaining to the years of WWII, in a perspective of civil resistance and beyond gender stereotypes. The analysis of collected data identifies some constants in the presence and action of women, through which it is possible to pass through scrutiny our past and present, against the persistence of a vision of war as men's business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading comprehension processes are not only essential regarding literacy competence and to learning to learn competence, but also, they represent a fundamental necessity as regards the citizenship competence. Based on a possible interpretative model, the Structure Building Framework, the paper examines some secondary students with learning disabilities' difficulties in reading comprehension processes. With reference to the scientific literature, some instructional approaches able to support these students' reading comprehension processes are exposed: in particular, text structure instruction, graphic organizers and summarization are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livia Romano's book, Community, published in 2023, provides a valuable overview of the uses of the word “community” in education. This paper aims to analyse the polysemy of the term, as underlined by Romano's book, emphasizing the significance and implications of an extensional definition of the concept. The term “community” is widely used in the field of human and social sciences, but it is also structurally ambiguous. This term has been a recurring concept in education, shaping reflection and educational practices throughout the 20th century. Different educational contexts use the term to indicate different practices, and it seems that there are distinct conceptions of what a community is. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turing Test is a theoretical construction relying on assumptions that can be put in relation with a behavioristic philosophy of mind. ChatGPT seems to be coherent with such assumptions. In this paper my attempt is to try to show that actually these tenets are implicitly admitted in the most influential patterns of the traditional thought and also in the school activities. Nevertheless my effort is to sustain that it is possible to conceive of different models of thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reflects on the work of social services, which is effective when it is accompanied by an inalienable legal and, before that, ethical responsibility. However, this is not always the case. Chronicle facts reported in the Italian media since 2019 have described the ambiguous practices of some operators and are analysed in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the idea that 'meaninggiving' is the progressive outcome of an ongoing process and, therefore, a very complex psychic activity, in fact inseparable from the progressive construction of the personal self. The reflections contained in the essay move away from the representation that refers to the 'conferment of meaning' as 'an outcome of an intellectual type', a sort of 'crowning achievement' of intellectual and cultural formation, which would concern late adolescents and adults. According to this perspective, it would be an already conceptualised 'world view', like a kind of 'ideology' that therefore, in the opinion of many, today, could not/should not constitute a legitimate task of the school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheology is a highly interdisciplinary approach, transversal to all natural sciences and technologies. Chemistry plays a fundamental role in it: the models at the molecular level are the interpretative key of the observed phenomena. The mathematics used can be very sophisticated, however using only the elements of mathematical analysis and the fundamental concepts of structure and molecular interactions it is possible to develop a coherent and rigorous framework, certainly useful for the teacher and to the student of chemistry and of natural sciences. In this paper the principles of the viscometry of polymeric materials are introduced and the non-Newtonian behaviors of the pseudoplastic, dilatant, thixotropic, rheopectic and plastic types are discussed. Then, some cases of non-Newtonian behavior of commonly used polymers are considered. A very vast subject which often, due to its complexity, is not explored in school programs, but whose knowledge is increasingly required in current technological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper represents the second part of the contribution published in the March issue of the journal (NS7). A description of the structure of our nervous system is proposed, followed by insights into subjective perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to illustrate the relationships between music, mathematics and architecture in the work of Iannis Xenakis through an in-depth study of three compositions: "Metastaseis" (1954), whose initial score was the inspiration for the construction of the Philips Pavilion; "Achorripsis" (1957) the result of probability calculus procedures; and "Herma" (1962), based on set theory. The intent is to demonstrate how the study of Xenakis's compositional thought can contribute to the construction of an overview of the humanities and mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper illustrates the first results of the monitoring of the Rethinking College Program, a training course of the University of Padua that, starting from the literature on inclusive higher education, offers a relational and learning opportunity to young people with disabilities or autism spectrum disorder who leave secondary school with the attendance certificate. The results highlight the overall satisfaction of teachers, peer mentors and students: among the strengths are the positive relationships between peer mentor and student, and between the latter and the teacher. While the main critical aspect is the lack of relationships between classmates. A priority will be to activate training and supervision spaces to support peer mentors in their role as mediators of classmate relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to education in prison offers a chance for human growth in a complex and dehumanizing environment. However, the peculiarities of prison systems, together with past experiences of school failure, can constitute significant obstacles to knowledge access. To enhance accessibility, participation, and achievement, even within prisons, it is necessary to review teaching practices. This paper aids in the reconsideration of the teaching of mathematics for incarcerated adults or young adults. Drawing on Paulo Freire’s theories, we analyze the dialogues with and among prisoner students about mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mathematical Olympiad, or Mathematical Championships, is a major event for the Italian schools. The present paper aims to give the reader an overview of how they work, focusing on describing the main organization structure and analyzing them from the point of view of a teacher which is both a District Coordinator and a School representative. Finally, some thoughts on the impact of the project on the students and the whole school system will be set forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meaningful increase in Special Educational Needs in school contexts has provided to underlining the importance of accessibility in teachinglearning processes. Especially, the typical difficulties of ADHD can constitute important barriers to educational accessibility and become a challenging event that introduces training needs for teachers. The paper describes the first results of a collaborative action-research project carried out with a group of teachers and interpreted from a from a transformative perspective. The collected data, in addition to highlighting the relationship between meanings and teaching action, reveal the value of reflective practices to promote teachers’ awareness of their role as mediators of educational accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the relationship between IEP and class planning through 34 interviews with primary school class and support teachers. The main findings, obtained through qualitative content analysis, show that teachers more frequently describe ways in which class planning is considered in the elaboration of the IEP than ways in which the IEP content is for class planning. However, when the IEP is considered in the planning for the class, it turns out to be an opportunity for differentiation for all pupils. Moreover, in many cases, it is the level of competence and (dis)ability of the pupil(s) that explains the possibility (or not) of linking the two plannings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the team competitions of the Mathematical Olympiad, an annual competition much awaited by students in Italy. The teams are composed of seven members and they train throughout the year and challenge each other with a competitive spirit. Mathematical team competitions stimulate collaboration in problemsolving and the playful aspect helps to fight the fear of mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digitisation of childhood and adolescence represents a two-dimensional problem, affecting both the personal and the educational sphere. On the one hand, technology is integrated into children's daily lives from various ages and in different ways, with considerable disparities in the use of screen time. On the other, educational institutions are faced with a paradox: promoting digital tools and at the same time confronting their potential negative effects on learning outcomes. The paper explores the impact on developmental aspects, including cognitive, motor and emotional development, highlighting concerns about the increase in sedentary behaviour, sensory deprivation and the potential of digital devices to hinder interpersonal skills and school performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

«Music begins where the possibilities of language end» said the well-known Finnish composer Jean Sibelius and today this phrase finds its strength in an increasingly global world, characterized by continuous challenges in the field of communication including the need to learn foreign languages from an early age. The aim of this paper is to explore, in a new interpretation, the potential of music in two roles: a vehicle for the transmission of cultural values and a useful tool that can facilitate foreign language learning and create transversal competence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]