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The article focuses on the association between the esophageal microbiome and the risk of esophageal carcinoma (EC). Topics include the correlation between microbial communities in esophageal wash samples and resident flora, the identification of specific bacterial genera like Prevotella linked to EC, and the potential of microbiome analysis in predicting EC risk.

The article presents new findings from Central South University on the link between maternal gut microbiota and fetal macrosomia, a condition where a newborn is significantly larger than average. Topics discussed include the identification of specific bacteria associated with macrosomia, the analysis of differential functional pathways, and the development of a predictive model for macrosomia based on early pregnancy gut microbiota.

The article focuses on a U.S. patent issued to Ohio State Innovation Foundation, detailing a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR from Prevotella and Francisella 1 (Cpf1) genome editing system with enhanced efficiency. It explains that the patent involves modified Cpf1 mRNAs and guide RNAs with chemical changes to improve editing efficiency, reduce off-target effects, and increase stability.

The article investigates how blueberry extract impacts ischemic stroke by modulating gut microbiota and kynurenine metabolism, with a focus on the role of Prevotella. The study highlights that blueberry extract can improve stroke symptoms by altering the intestinal microbiome and kynurenine levels, providing new insights into stroke treatment. Topics include blueberry extract, ischemic stroke, and kynurenine metabolism.

A recent study investigated the production of neuroactive metabolites by different strains of Bacteroides, a type of bacteria found in the human gut. The study found that these bacteria have the potential to produce various compounds linked to neurotransmitter metabolism, including GABA, tryptophan, tyrosine, and histidine. The researchers also discovered that Bacteroides produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain neuroactive metabolites, with GABA being the most abundant. The study suggests that these metabolites, particularly GABA, play a role in modulating inflammation and immune responses. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, has found that antibiotic therapy can alter the abundance and metabolism of bacteria in the gut microbiome, leading to dysbiosis and opportunistic infections. The study focused on Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bth), which is both a commensal in the gut and an opportunistic pathogen in other parts of the body. The researchers discovered that Bth responds differently to beta-lactam treatment depending on the metabolic environment, and that carbon source utilization plays a role in modulating antibiotic susceptibility. The findings suggest that anaerobic respiratory metabolism and the electron transport chain are essential factors in Bth's susceptibility to antibiotics. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Fudan University in Shanghai, China, explores the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study investigates the molecular mechanism behind the association between P.gingivalis and neuroinflammation in the brain, which contributes to the progression of AD. Through in vitro experiments and a mouse model, the researchers found that P.gingivalis promotes M1 polarization of microglia, a type of immune cell in the brain, through the NF-kB signaling pathway. These findings suggest that P.gingivalis-induced neuroinflammation may play a role in the development of AD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Inspira Health Network in Vineland, New Jersey, has found that Capnocytophaga ochracea, a bacterium commonly found in the human oral microbiome, can cause antibiotic-resistant septicemia in immunocompromised individuals. The study also suggests that dogs may serve as a reservoir for this bacterium and can transmit it to humans through bites. The researchers recommend considering Capnocytophaga infections in patients with severe sepsis and purpura fulminans after a dog bite, and caution against using cephalosporins as initial therapy due to high resistance rates. The use of carbapenems may be preferred in certain clinical scenarios. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the National Research Centre in Cairo, Egypt, explores the relationship between obesity and cognitive function decline in rats. The researchers induced obesity in rats by feeding them a high-fat or high-fat/high-sucrose diet. The results showed that obesity led to a reduction in cognitive function, including short-term memory and learning capacity. The study also found alterations in the gut microbiota of the obese rats, with changes in the abundance of certain microbial taxa associated with obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. This research provides insights into the potential impact of obesity on cognitive health. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Sichuan University in China has found distinct changes in the gut microbiome of children with Kawasaki disease (KD), a common pediatric cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms of KD and its potential role in disease management and prognosis prediction. The researchers collected fecal samples from 96 KD children and 62 controls and conducted metagenomic analysis. They found significant differences in the gut microbiome between KD patients and controls, including changes in specific bacterial strains and functional pathways. The study suggests that these changes in the gut microbiome may contribute to the pathogenesis of KD and impact its prognosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Peking University First Hospital in Beijing, China, has revealed a potential link between gut microbiota and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The study used metagenomics sequencing to analyze stool samples from PsA patients and healthy individuals. The researchers found that the diversity of gut microbiota was reduced in PsA patients compared to the healthy group. They also identified two bacteria, Bacteroides sp. 3_1_19 and Blautia AF 14-40, that were highly abundant and correlated with PsA disease activity. The study suggests that the network composed of Bacteroides may be associated with PsA disease activity and further research is needed to explore its therapeutic value. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Kyushu Dental University in Fukuoka, Japan have developed a novel immunochromatographic device for detecting Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogenic bacterium associated with periodontal disease. The device was evaluated in a study involving 72 patients with chronic periodontitis and 53 periodontally healthy volunteers. The results showed that the device had a high specificity and accuracy for detecting P. gingivalis in subgingival plaques. The researchers concluded that this device could be effectively used for rapid detection and semi-quantification of P. gingivalis in patients with periodontal disease. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Anhui Science and Technology University in China explores the relationship between gut microbiota and diarrhea in weaned piglets. The study found that there were significant differences in gut microbial diversity and metabolites between healthy and diarrheic piglets. Bacteroidaceae bacterium and Caudoviricetes were identified as the main differential organisms strongly correlated with the piglets' health status. The study suggests that the abundance of Bacteroidaceae bacterium and Caudoviricetes could potentially serve as markers for identifying and preventing diarrhea in post-weaning piglets. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides information on a patent for composition and methods for suppressing pathogenic organisms filed by the inventors Silvia Caballero and Cintia Felix on December 11, 2018 and published online on August 6, 2024. Topics discussed include the assigning of patent to Vedanta Biosciences Inc., background information supplied by the inventors about multidrug resistant organisms, and the claims supplied by the inventors.

The article presents new insights from the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine regarding ulcerative colitis and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), emphasizing the unknown mechanisms behind treatment failures. Topics discussed include the relationship between Bacteroides species and FMT outcomes, the importance of mucosal microbial clearance for treatment success, and the metabolic changes associated with different responses to FMT in patients.

A new report from Beijing, China discusses a case of Bacteroides fragilis induced spondylitis, a rare infection of the spine. The diagnosis was confirmed through blood culture and metagenomic sequencing. The patient had a history of severe oral ulceration, although a direct link to the infection was not established. The report also includes a comprehensive literature review on B. fragilis spondylitis, covering clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies. The research was funded by the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Key Project and the Key project of Health Commission of Gansu Province. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University explored the interaction between Porphyromonas gingivalis, a pathogen associated with periodontitis, and Streptococcus sanguinis, a commensal bacterium associated with periodontal health. The researchers developed a high-throughput strategy to measure the cell number of P. gingivalis in co-culture with S. sanguinis and identified several genes in S. sanguinis that influenced the interaction. They found that exogenous L-cysteine and compromised cysteine metabolism in S. sanguinis enhanced the growth of P. gingivalis. The study also examined the interaction between P. gingivalis and other Streptococcus species, finding that only S. pneumoniae did not inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis. Further investigation is needed to understand the influence of exogenous L-cysteine on the interaction between these bacteria in the oral cavity. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores methods for treating obesity and metabolic disorders by altering the gut microbiota through compositions that include purified microbiota from specific bacterial phyla, orders, and genera. It also discusses the use of these compositions for oral delivery, their potential impact on increasing beneficial microbiota, and decreasing harmful microbiota, in conjunction with or as an alternative to surgical procedures for obesity treatment.

A study conducted in Valencia, Spain, has found that the human intestinal bacterium Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 can improve glucose tolerance and prevent body weight gain in diet-induced obese mice. The study investigated whether innate or adaptive immunity mediated these effects. The results showed that the bacterium improved glucose tolerance through adaptive immunity-dependent mechanisms that did not require cell viability, while preventing body weight gain through adaptive immunity-independent mechanisms that required cell viability. These findings suggest that strategies modulating the gut microbiota could help mitigate the metabolic disturbances of obesity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia explored the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on skeletal maturation in young mice. The researchers found that GAHT improved trabecular bone structure and increased bone formation in young male mice, while it did not affect trabecular structure in female mice. The study also revealed that GAHT modified the gut microbiome composition in both male and female mice, with Bacteroides species playing a significant role in the skeletal effects of GAHT in male mice. These findings suggest that GAHT may have different effects on bone health depending on gender. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the University of Leeds discusses the use of liposomes as a delivery mechanism for antimicrobial peptides to combat periodontal disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis. The study examines the different types of liposomal formulations and their ability to associate and deliver the peptide LL17-32 to act against the pathogen. The research found that chitosan-coated liposomes demonstrated enhanced stability and decreased membrane fluidity when combined with LL17-32. However, the release of the peptide was restrained, which could be useful for future slow-release formulations. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Golestan University of Medical Sciences in Iran has found that the bacterium Prevotella melaninogenica, which is found in the intestine and mouth, may contribute to the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), a long-term inflammatory bowel disease. The study compared the presence of P. melaninogenica in the saliva of 40 UC patients and 40 healthy controls and found that it was more frequent in UC patients than in the control group. The researchers suggest that further investigation is needed to determine if P. melaninogenica could be used as a potential biomarker for UC. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from researchers at the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology in China discusses the relationship between gut microbiota and hyperlipidemia, a condition characterized by high levels of blood lipids that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study found that the gut microbiota of hyperlipidemic patients could be classified into two enterotypes, with significant differences in the abundance of certain bacteria between the two groups. The researchers suggest that these findings may have implications for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the journal Food Bioscience. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been submitted for compositions containing animal hemoglobin, which are believed to play a role in maintaining health by supporting the microbiome. The application describes the use of bacteria and animal hemoglobin in pharmaceutical agents, compositions, and solid dosage forms, as well as methods for detecting animal hemoglobin in these products. The compositions focus on the use of hemoglobin-dependent bacteria, particularly from the genus Prevotella, and may be used for the prevention or treatment of diseases. The application also provides information on the preparation of these compositions and testing for the presence of animal hemoglobin. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at South China University of Technology has found that certain flavonoids, such as phloretin and its analogs, have anti-biofilm properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium associated with periodontitis. The study examined the effects of these flavonoids on the growth of P. gingivalis and its mixed flora with other oral pathogens. The results showed that the flavonoids reduced the biofilm amount and viability of the bacteria, and transcriptome analysis confirmed their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation. This research provides valuable insights into the potential use of flavonoids in combating P. gingivalis and its complex bacterial community. [Extracted from the article]

New research from the University of Kebangsaan in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia has discovered the potential of probiotics derived from human milk in preventing chronic periodontitis by controlling Porphyromonas gingivalis infection. The study identified Lactiplantibacillus spp. isolated from human milk with antibacterial activities against P. gingivalis. The most potent strain, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strain 124-2 (SUK 1), showed strong inhibitory activity and its bacteriocin could be used as an alternative material for oral hygiene care products to prevent and treat periodontal disease. This research provides new insights into the potential use of human milk-derived probiotics in oral health. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Pasteur Institute of Iran explores the microbiota composition in Afghan immigrants and Iranian subjects with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The study found that there was a significant decrease in Bacteroidetes in the sputum and blood samples of Iranian TB patients and Afghan immigrants with active TB. Additionally, Actinobacteria showed a significant increase in sputum samples from both groups, while Proteobacteria increased in both sputum and blood samples. The researchers suggest that an imbalance in the microbiota composition may contribute to dysregulated immune responses and the growth of opportunistic pathogens during TB infection. Further research on the human microbiota in different conditions of TB infection is needed for a better understanding of the disease. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Personalized Skin Care Compositions" has been published online, proposing a personalized approach to treating diaper rash in infants. The inventors suggest using a cultured milk sample from a mother's breast milk and a skin sample from the child to create a composition that maintains a healthy skin microbiome specific to each infant. The composition may also include additives like prebiotics or probiotics. This personalized skin care approach is particularly useful for treating or preventing diaper rash, and the patent application also includes a kit and method for making the composition. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study suggests that pet cats may serve as valuable animal models for studying obesity in humans. Veterinary researchers analyzed fecal samples from overweight cats as they underwent various dietary changes, including calorie reduction. The study found that the cats' gut microbiome, which consists of bacteria and the molecules they produce and consume, showed similarities to the effects of diet on the human gut. The findings suggest that studying the gut bacteria of cats could provide insights into obesity and potential therapies for humans. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Nanjing University in China has investigated the role of G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) in the inflammatory response to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). The researchers found that GPR91 accumulates in inflamed gingival tissues and that P. gingivalis induces inflammation and oxidative stress in BMDMs. Inhibition of GPR91 reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in P. gingivalis-infected BMDMs. The study provides new insights into the metabolic pathogenesis of periodontal inflammation. [Extracted from the article]

Corey J. Wilson has filed a patent application discussing the reprogramming of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome. The application describes constructs and cell compositions that can modify and monitor the GI microbiome. These constructs contain specific nucleic acid sequences that encode regulatory core domains, DNA binding domains, and DNA operator elements. The application also mentions the use of bacterial cells, specifically from the Bacteroides genus, to modify the GI microbiome in a subject. The method involves administering a cell containing the construct to promote health by monitoring and modifying the microbiome. The patent application focuses on the Bacteroides genus of bacteria. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital in South Korea investigated the differences in urine microbiomes among healthy women, women with recurrent uncomplicated cystitis (rUC), and those with sporadic/single uncomplicated cystitis (sUC). The study found that urine next-generation sequencing (NGS) had a significantly higher sensitivity than conventional urine culture in both the sUC and rUC groups. The urine microbiomes in the control, sUC, and rUC groups exhibited distinct characteristics, suggesting that sUC and rUC may represent separate pathological processes. The use of urine NGS could be essential in enhancing sensitivity for diagnosing both sUC and rUC. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study that introduces a new animal model to explore the pathogenesis of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a type of bacteria associated with gum disease. The study involved injecting mice with antibodies and infecting them with P. gingivalis. The results showed that a mixture of antibodies and P. gingivalis infection led to more reproductive damage in mice compared to infection alone. This suggests that the presence of antibodies may play a role in the development of P. gingivalis-related diseases. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at Kanagawa Dental University in Japan explores the relationship between oral and intestinal bacteria and periodontal disease. The study found that higher levels of periodontal inflammation were associated with an increased presence of Bacteroides and a decreased presence of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in saliva. However, no correlation was observed between periodontal inflammation and intestinal bacteria. These findings suggest that Bacteroides may play a role in the development of periodontal disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between oral and intestinal bacteria and periodontal health. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Yangzhou University in China has found that the gut microbiota of geese can influence their broody behavior. The researchers identified Bacteroides fragilis as a key driver species in brooding geese, and found a positive correlation between the abundance of B. fragilis and the levels of serotonin and prolactin in the geese. This suggests that B. fragilis promotes the secretion of prolactin by the pituitary gland and influences the production of serotonin. These findings provide new insights into the intervention of broody behavior in poultry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Army Medical University in Chongqing, China, examined the differences in gut microbiota between cirrhosis patients who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) surgery and those who did not. The study found that there were characteristic changes in the gut microbiota of cirrhosis patients who underwent TIPS surgery, with an increase in Bacteroides bacteria. The study also suggested that Bacteroides may be involved in the regulation of bile acid metabolism and the increase of bilirubin levels. This research provides new insights into the relationship between TIPS surgery and gut microbiota in cirrhosis patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at University Hospital La Paz in Madrid, Spain, explored the role of microbiota in colon adenocarcinoma. The researchers analyzed microbiota proteins in paraffin samples from 158 patients with high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer. They identified three specific microbiota proteins that were related to disease-free survival (DFS) in colon cancer and developed a prognostic signature combining these proteins. Additionally, the study found that different consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of colon cancer had distinct microbiota protein profiles. CMS1 had higher expression of Bacteroidetes proteins, CMS2 had higher levels of Prevotella, and CMS4 had higher levels of Fusobacterium. This research provides valuable insights into the relationship between microbiota and colon cancer, potentially leading to improved prognostic tools and treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Henan University of Science and Technology in China explores the potential of developing a vaccine for Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium responsible for chronic periodontitis. The researchers discuss the use of surface antigens of Pg as vaccine antigens to trigger immune responses and highlight advancements in mucosal adjuvants for vaccine development. The review offers new insights for the advancement and clinical implementation of Pg vaccines. The study was supported by The Key Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Osaka Prefecture University in Japan explored the antibacterial effects of prunin laurate (Pru-C12) and its analogs on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a periodontopathogenic bacteria that causes periodontal disease. The study found that Pru-C12 and its analogs inhibited bacterial growth and biofilm formation, with Pru-C12 showing no cytotoxicity. Additionally, Pru-C12 was found to inhibit alveolar bone resorption in a mouse experimental periodontitis model. These findings have potential implications for the development of oral hygiene products to prevent and control periodontal disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Pusan National University in South Korea have conducted a study on the anti-inflammatory effects of peptides derived from human stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) on Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium associated with periodontitis. The study found that one particular peptide, S10, significantly reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased the expression of inflammasome-related proteins. In addition, S10 suppressed the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and mitigated alveolar bone loss in a mouse model of periodontitis. These findings suggest that S10 has potential as a therapeutic treatment for periodontitis. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital explores the relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium associated with periodontitis, and neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The study used in vitro models to investigate the mechanisms underlying this connection. The researchers found that Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg-OMVs) induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells and inflammatory responses in microglial cells. The study suggests that gingipain, a protein produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, mediates the neurotoxic effects of Pg-OMVs. Additionally, the study found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with Pg-OMVs triggered neuroinflammation through specific signaling pathways. [Extracted from the article]