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India has conducted its first-ever survey of snow leopards, estimating that there are 718 of these big cats living in the country's mountainous regions. This accounts for approximately 10 to 15 percent of the global population. The survey, which took place between 2019 and 2023, was led by the Wildlife Trust of India. In other news, a synthetic material that imitates leaf structure has been developed, which could potentially hide objects from cameras in green areas. Additionally, a piece of mammoth ivory with carved holes found in Germany is believed to be a tool for making ropes, dating back 37,000 years and representing the earliest known evidence of rope-making. [Extracted from the article]

SPERM change how they swim in response to different conditions in the vaginal tract, a finding that may help improve fertility treatments. The tails beat fastest when the environment most resembled the area upstream of the vaginal tract, when sperm approach the egg. Farin Yazdan Parast at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, and her colleagues looked at how bull sperm cells, which resemble human ones, move their tails while swimming through a mucus-like liquid, similar to that in the vagina. [Extracted from the article]

Surprising seismic activity on Mars The most powerful quake we have recorded on Mars was produced by tectonic forces from within its crust, not a meteor impact. The magnitude-4.7 quake was detected by NASA's InSight lander in 2022 and hints Mars is more seismically active than we thought (Geophysical Research Letters, doi.org/gsv8cs). Keep servers warm to save energy Data centres could save up to 56 per cent of the energy used on cooling by running at 41°C (106°F) rather than at 22°C (72°F), without significantly affecting performance (Cell Reports Physical Science, doi.org/ kz9v). [Extracted from the article]

Researchers have developed a microscale solar cell with a 3D architecture that moves the electrical contacts to the back, reducing shading and increasing efficiency. The solar cell, made from III-V semiconductor material, has the potential to generate electricity more efficiently than traditional silicon cells. While the technology is more expensive to produce, it can reduce shading by an order of magnitude. The researchers envision applications for miniaturized solar cells in concentrator photovoltaics and other areas where space is limited. [Extracted from the article]

While Cornella might not like absolutes, Phil Baran, who advised Cornella during his postdoctoral work at Scripps Research in San Diego, sees Cornella as fitting into one of two distinct categories: "There are chemists who do chemistry in order to eat, like it's a job. Roger Creel, a Ph.D. student in Austermann's group and the first to join her lab, treasures Austermann's mentorship. Through experiments manipulating the metabolism of neural crest cells, Simões-Costa's team found that the Warburg effect is necessary for the cells to move around during early development. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Free University Bolzano in Italy discusses the potential of wearable electrochemical sensors for detecting cytokines in sweat. Cytokines are signaling proteins that play a crucial role in understanding immune system activity and diagnosing diseases such as sepsis, diabetes, and cancers. The research highlights the advantages of continuous monitoring of biomarkers in sweat for early disease detection and personalized health monitoring. The report provides an overview of cytokines and introduces the concept of electrochemical sensors, assessing their current state of development for wearable applications. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy has provided new insights into biosensors. The study focused on electrolyte-gated organic transistors (EGOTs), which are emerging as ultrasensitive label-free biosensors. The researchers integrated an EGOT sensor into a microfluidic system and used it to detect the human anti-cytomegalovirus antibody as a pathological biomarker. Real-time monitoring of the EGOT response allowed for the determination of analyte concentration, binding kinetics, and thermodynamics of the interaction. The study concluded that the measured deviations from the Langmuir binding model were due to the co-existence of binding sites with different affinities toward the antibodies. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, have developed an optoelectronic device that mimics human eye sensory perception and object tracking. The device, based on Zn2SnO4 2 SnO 4 (ZTO)/In2O3, integrates sensing, processing, and memory functionalities to achieve energy and power efficiency. It exhibits voltage-activated synaptic properties and light-sensitive characteristics, enabling diverse light-triggered synaptic functions. The device also has the capability to track objects and eye movement, making it promising for applications in artificial retina and virtual reality systems. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences has found that intermittent fasting (IF) can be beneficial for individuals with type 2 diabetes, but its effectiveness diminishes in later stages of the disease. However, the study also discovered that the combination of IF and static magnetic fields can enhance the effects of IF, leading to improved pancreatic islet and liver function and a reduction in blood glucose levels. This noninvasive and nonpharmacological strategy could provide an effective long-term approach to managing diabetes. The study was supported by various funding sources and can be accessed for further information. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in Cell Reports Physical Science explores the use of molecular 'cages' made of pseudopeptides to selectively eliminate cancer cells in acidic microenvironments. The research, led by a scientific team from the Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), in collaboration with the University of Burgos and the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Studies (IDAEA-CSIC), aims to address the lack of selectivity and chemoresistance faced by chemotherapy treatments. These 'cages,' derived from fluorine-substituted amino acids, have shown promise in killing cancer cells in slightly acidic pH levels while being harmless to healthy tissues. The study provides insights into the mechanism of action of these molecules and may contribute to the development of new ionophores with potential therapeutic applications in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Zhejiang University in China has developed a deep-learning-based prediction framework for protein-peptide interactions (PpIs). Peptides play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes, and accurate prediction of PpIs is important for therapeutic development. The researchers propose a template-based PpI structure modeling pipeline and a DL-based PpI prediction framework called the Interaction Transformer Net (ITN). The ITN model trained on the structures generated by their pipeline achieved state-of-the-art predictions on peptide-SH3 systems and is comparable to sequence-based prediction methods for peptide-MHC I. This research has the potential to advance vaccine design and peptide drug development. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Open University of Israel have discovered a new family of single-stranded anion receptors called thio-hemi-cucurbiturils (thio-hCBs), which have the ability to bind various anions through multiple hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces. These receptors exhibit conformational adaptation and an induced fit, allowing for more flexible host-guest complexation. The thio-hCBs can be synthesized through a sustainable and environmentally friendly process, and they have potential applications in water systems, environmental remediation, and biomedicine. The research was supported by the ISF-NSFC joint research program. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Sun Yat-sen University in Guangdong, China have developed engineered algae microrobots that act as photosynthetic living materials to enhance T cells' anti-tumor immunity. These microrobots generate oxygen in the tumor microenvironment, alleviating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The microrobots bind to T cells and enhance their activity and proliferation. In mouse models, the combination of the microrobots and programmed death-1 antibody prevented tumor relapse and metastasis. This research offers promising advancements in cancer therapy. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre-CNIO have conducted a study on the RuvB-like protein 1/2 complex (RUVBL1/2) and its role in cellular processes such as chromatin remodeling and the assembly of mTORC1 and mTORC2. They have discovered that the small molecule CB-6644 can allosterically inhibit RUVBL1/2, leading to antitumor activity in animal models. Through cryoelectron microscopy experiments, the researchers have determined the structure of the RUVBL1/2 complex bound to ATP and CB-6644, revealing how ATP regulates RUVBL1/2 and how CB-6644 binding affects this regulation. This research provides insights into the mechanism of action of CB-6644 and its potential as a therapeutic agent. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Xiamen University in China discusses the use of algae-inspired microrobots (AIMs) for biomedical applications. AIMs have gained attention due to their biocompatibility and pharmaceutical activity, making them suitable for drug delivery, therapy, wound healing, and sensing biomolecules. The report highlights recent advances in AIMs and identifies challenges that need to be addressed for further development and clinical translation. The research was supported by various funding sources, and the full article can be accessed for more information. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences discusses the development of a multi-deformable interpenetrating network thermosensitive hydrogel fluorescent device for the real-time and visual detection of nitrite in food. The hydrogel material used in the device has a stable structure and can be easily prepared into various sensing devices. When combined with a smartphone system, the device can accurately quantify nitrite levels and differentiate dosage with the naked eye. This research expands the applications of hydrogel materials and contributes to the detection of hazardous materials in food safety. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Fourth Military Medical University in Shaanxi, China have presented data on regenerative medicine and tissue engineering using multifunctional polyurethane materials. The researchers highlight the need for better solutions in contemporary tissue repair, as traditional methods often fall short. Polyurethane is explored as a promising material due to its adaptability, healing potential, and drug delivery capabilities. The review discusses the advancements and clinical trials of polyurethane in bridging gaps in both hard and soft tissue repair, offering inventive solutions for the future of regenerative medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Beijing University of Chemical Technology have conducted a study on supramolecular research, specifically focusing on the manipulation of the supramolecular assembly of G-cyclodextrin and Anderson polyoxometalate hybrids. The researchers found that subtle changes in the remote functional groups of the hybrids can significantly impact their molecular interactions, resulting in the formation of various supramolecular assemblies. The study utilized techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, isothermal titration calorimetry, and X-ray crystallography to analyze the effects of these remote functionalities. The research provides insights into the fine-tuning of supramolecular self-assemblies and the design of multifunctional materials. [Extracted from the article]

New data from the University of Vienna explores the use of gold-templated covalent targeting in cancer cells. The research focuses on the selective covalent targeting of the CysSecdyad of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) using a two-step mechanism involving a cyclometalated gold(III) compound. In vitro studies showed potent inhibition of TXNRD1 activity, selective arylation of the CysSec-dyad, and down-regulation of selenoproteins except TXNRD1. The research suggests that metal-templated covalent targeting could expand the ligandable space of covalent drug discovery. [Extracted from the article]

In the article, the authors discuss the relationship between socialism and ecological survival. Topics include how capitalism has contributed to the climate crisis that threaten human civilization, the need for social mobilization and radical social change to prevent extreme weather and other ecological disasters linked to climate change, and the climate mitigation solutions from the United Nations (UN) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

For a study in Cell Reports Physical Science, the researchers tested their device by scanning simulated human tissue and electronic circuitry. Human fingers don't just sense what a surface feels like. "This bionic finger has exciting application prospects in material characterization and biomedical engineering", says study coauthor Zhiming Chen, an engineer at China's Wuyi University. [Extracted from the article]

Scientists at the University of Southern California have developed an AI-powered system to track ingestible devices that monitor markers of disease in the gut. This system, which includes a wearable coil and optical gas-sensing membranes, can pinpoint the location of the device in the gut and measure levels of gases such as ammonia. The technology has potential applications in monitoring gastrointestinal health, identifying inflammation caused by Crohn's disease, and delivering drugs to specific regions of the gut. While improvements are still needed, the researchers are optimistic about the practicality of the system and plan to test it in pigs before human clinical trials. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Zhejiang University in China has developed a new method for predicting the inhibitory activities of small molecules against a panel of 67 epigenetic targets. The method, called AMGC, outperforms other machine learning models in terms of predictive and generalization abilities. The researchers have also created a user-friendly online server for the epigenetic target fishing service. This research was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai, People's Republic of China, discusses the formation of stable G-quadruplex (G4) structures in the promoter region of the proto-oncogene RET. The study found that RET-21mer G4s can form in physiological solution conditions and may be a major type of G4-DNA. This research provides a potential direction for anti-cancer drug screening. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Anhui Normal University in Wuhu, China have developed a fluorescent probe called BTD-A13 that can be used for brain imaging of amyloid-beta (A13) aggregates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The probe has a low molecular weight, large two-photon absorption cross-section, red emission, and a large Stokes shift. It also demonstrates improved sensing and imaging capabilities, including faster response, higher binding affinity, selectivity, and good blood-brain barrier penetration. The probe has been successfully used for in situ observation of A13 aggregates in brain-derived endothelial cells and in vivo brain imaging in AD mice. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Beijing Information Science and Technology University discusses the research findings on flexible piezoelectric actuators in the field of biotechnology. These actuators, which can produce reversible mechanical deformations in response to external stimuli, are being developed for high-end applications such as aerospace, wearable devices, and biomedicine. The report introduces the concept and performance parameters of flexible piezoelectric actuators, reviews research achievements and progress in terms of materials, structures, and fabrication processes, and analyzes existing problems while outlining prospects for future development. Financial support for this research came from the Key Laboratory of Sensors. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences has found that 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), an alkaloid found in mulberry fruit and leaves, can mitigate oxidative DNA damage caused by high glucose levels. The researchers discovered that DNJ treatment stimulated the expression of NRF2, an anti-oxidative response regulator, and upregulated OGG1, a DNA repair enzyme, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to high glucose. Additionally, DNJ treatment activated the AKT-NRF2-OGG1 anti-oxidative response pathway. These findings suggest that DNJ could be an effective natural antioxidant in reducing oxidative stress caused by high glucose levels. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Pennsylvania State University explores the possibility of designing small molecule drugs to prevent protein misfolding. The researchers examined two proteins and tested different drug design strategies using computer simulations. The study found that a drug designed to bind to a non-native tertiary structure and destabilize the native entanglement was successful in decreasing misfolding and increasing the native state population. The research suggests that it is theoretically possible to prevent protein misfolding of this type and identifies several FDA-approved drugs with the potential to bind these intermediate states and rescue misfolding in these proteins. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China, has found that cancers have a higher uptake and consumption of carbohydrates compared to normal cells, making carbohydrates an effective tool for targeting cancer. The researchers developed a glycooligomer construction methodology that allows for the synthesis of sequence-controlled glycooligomers, which were found to be taken up by cancerous cells at a significantly higher rate than normal cells. The study suggests that these glycooligomers have potential applications in targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy. For more information, readers can refer to the article "Sequence-controlled Glycooligomers for Tumor Targeting" published in Cell Reports Physical Science. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from ShanghaiTech University in Shanghai, People's Republic of China, explores the use of multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) in various functional applications. The study highlights the design features of MTV-MOFs, including multivariate functionalities, mixed metals, and post-synthetic modification, and their performance in gas storage, gas separation, water harvesting, luminescence sensing, heterogeneous catalysis, and drug delivery. The research also discusses future directions for investigating the formation of MTV-MOFs and incorporating a variety of functionalities, metals, and pore metrics. The study concludes by emphasizing the superiority of MTV-MOFs and outlining further research directions for developing sequence-dependent materials. [Extracted from the article]

A white paper titled "Grand challenges at the interface of engineering and medicine" has been published in the IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology. The paper outlines five grand challenges identified by 50 international biomedical engineering experts that have the potential to greatly impact the field of medicine in the coming decades or century. These challenges include creating artificial organs, developing personalized medicine, advancing regenerative medicine, enhancing brain-machine interfaces, and improving health through technology. The paper emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaborations and the need for next-generation training of doctors and clinicians in technologically and quantitatively driven sciences. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the City University of Hong Kong have developed a low-cost, flexible pulse sensor called FlexiPulse for monitoring and diagnosing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The sensor, made from porous graphene, has been clinically validated and achieves high accuracy in detecting subtle changes in cardiovascular status. By incorporating machine-learning algorithms, FlexiPulse can independently assess actual CVD events with an average accuracy of 98.7%. The researchers believe that FlexiPulse has the potential to advance precision medicine and personalized healthcare by promoting remote monitoring and in-home care. [Extracted from the article]