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The article informs about the global warming as a link between fossil fuels, carbon dioxide, and temperature. Topics discussed include radiation absorbed by that added C02 closely corresponded to increases in measured mean temperature; measured concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere had increased; and laws of radiation together with absorptivity and wavelength data.

The article discusses the preparations of the New Horizons scientists and engineers for probe's arrival in Pluto. The 50-person team operating the New Horizons planetary probe will start planning for its July 2015 arrival at Pluto. Alan Stern shares that the team will incorporate lessons and scientific results from the nuclear-powered spacecraft's flyby of Jupiter in their plans for Pluto.

The article reports that the Centre for Blast Injury Studies at Imperial College London has brought together engineers and military and civilian clinicians along with scientists to understand the mechanism of injuries caused by improvised explosive devices (lEDs) in Afghanistan and to investigate treatment and mitigate strategies. Topics include blast biomechanics, injuries of occupants of armoured vehicles and Anti-vehicle Underbelly Blast Injury Simulator developed by the centre. INSET: The devastating effetcs of bomb blasts.

The article discusses the typical activities of a young and single professional engineer/scientist that mainly involve particles and powders. It defines such terms as nylon66, which is made from acrylonitrile, unplasticised polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) window frames, and electricity. The other terms that were defined include polyester, toothpaste and petrol.

The article offers information on the economic opportunities and professional occupations in the U.S. wind energy industry. It presents an overview of the jobs related to wind farm development including engineers, scientists and logisticians. It also explores the education and training backgrounds required for these careers.

The article offers information on a research study being conducted by the scientists and engineers regarding, building biological machines to solve the real world problems in health, security and environment. The U.S. National Science Foundation has awarded a Science and Technology Center grant to a group of researchers to explore ways in which the biological machines can be developed. It states that the biological machines can be developed by two ways which includes engineered systems and emergent systems. Though both the methods start by creating the building blocks which includes component cell types of biological machines such as neurons, muscle cells and endothelial cells, the process is different. It states that much progress has been made in the development of biological machines.

The article focuses on the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the achievement of former U.S. President John F. Kennedy as it commemorates the historic landing of Apollo 11 to the moon. According to the article, various scientists and engineers took effort to make the landing possible, including Neil Armstrong who was the first man to step on the moon. Further details regarding the design plans, processes and hard works of the people that were responsible for reaching Kennedy's goal is discussed.

An interview with Jim Williams, a staff scientist at Linear Technology Corp., is presented. He cites the difference in the present job of analog application engineers from the old days and tells the changes in the business of application engineering. He distinguishes a data sheet written by an application engineer from that by a design engineer, and the roles of a factory application engineer and a field application engineer. He talks about the responsibility of application groups for both field and factory to show customers how to use software tools.

Jurek (Marketing the Moon, coauthor), an Air & Space magazine contributor, gives a now obscure, yet vital, player in America's space program his due in this solid biography. Low (1926-1984), who immigrated to the U.S. from Austria in 1940, joined NASA precursor NACA (the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) in 1949 as an aeronautical research scientist, and transferred to NASA upon its formation nine years later. While according the most attention to Low's professional achievements - which also included being named deputy NASA administrator in December 1969 - Jurek takes care to humanize his subject, with appealing descriptions of Low's devotion to his wife and to their five children. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a list of six female engineers who were instrumental in the landing of the first men on the Moon, including Phyllis Gaylard, Barbara Crawford Johnson and Margaret W. Brennecke.

The article discusses research of a relatively low-cost array of heat sensors in low Earth orbit by a group of scientists and engineers from the U.S. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for almost instantaneous warning of wildfires, oil spills on dry land and other "thermal events" worldwide under the "FireSat" concept. It mentions that the views of Arthur Lane, principal scientist at JPL, on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites.

This article presents information on whereabouts of different scientists and engineers related to space science and engineering. James B. Garvin, who has been chief scientist for NASA's Mars and lunar exploration programs, has been appointed the agency's new overall chief scientist. Frank Flores has been named vice president engineering, logistics and technology for the Air Combat Systems business area of the Northrop Grumman Corp.'s Integrated Systems Sector, El Segundo in California. He was director of the F-35 communications, navigation and identification program for the Space Technology Sector's Radio Systems organization in San Diego.

Corrections are presented to a table on employment of engineers and scientists in the article "Does Not Compute" published in the June 10, 2013 issue.

The article discusses the use by scientists and engineers of three-dimensional (3D) biological constructs to improve healthcare in 2011. A level of maturity has been attained by the field of tissue engineering since 1980s. Challenges involved in the creation of tissue are discussed. The article also offers information on the need for the bioreactor environment to recreate an in vivo environment.

The article explores why good project management skills are needed by engineers and scientists. According to the author, there are two types of project managers and they are he career project manger and the infrequent project manager. It is essential that project managers must consider four essential roles which are business case development, project delivery planning, project delivery and benefits delivery. It also discusses the four basic stages of a project each of which asks a value-added question that must be asked and answered.

The article reports on the supercomputer used by scientists and engineers at Sandia National Laboratories to determine how to stop an asteroid off potential collision course with Earth in 2036. The asteroid, Golevka, is unlikely to strike Earth and a growing number of experts say a little insurance plan might be in order. According to Mark Boslough, a scientist at Sandia, it is important to have a back-up plan and have an option of last resort.

The article reports that more than 2,000 space scientists, engineers and other specialists gathered at the Mediterranean port city of Valencia, Spain, for the 57th International Astronautical Congress. Presentations at the annual event gave a global view of the state of space exploration efforts, updating the status of active and proposed missions and offering new analysis of the trillions of data bits streaming in from spacecraft positioned from just above the Earth's atmosphere.

The article reports on the study which reveals that scientists and engineers in the U.S. manufacturing industries helps to have higher productivity in the company. Topics mentioned include the insights of economist Andrew J. Wang on the need of scientists and engineers to improve the labor productivity, the salaries of employees in the manufacturing industries, and the importance of technological innovations in business development.

The article reports on the use of ancient Japanese paper-folding art of origami by scientists for designing strategy to make novel mechanical materials. It mentions that engineers could transform such materials known as metamaterials into mechanical cloaking devices. It also mentions that acoustic metamaterials divert sound waves and could shield an underwater object from sonar or protect people from earsplitting noise.

The article offers information concerning hip replacement operations. Topics discussed include the role of hip implants in bioengineering, the changes in the common practices of hip replacement, and failure rates in the operation. Also provided are the contribution of engineers and scientists to the development of innovative surgical techniques.

The article reports that number of overseas scientists and engineers employed in the U.S. to carry out research and development (R&D) work has increased. It states that hiring of overseas researchers hired by multinational companies doubled between 2004 and 2009. It mentions that main growth took place in developing countries of Asia, which have invested in engineering and science education. It highlights that overseas R&D workforce increased by three percent per year at multinational companies from 1994-2004. It reports that apart from investing in education, Asian countries have also invested in science and engineering infrastructure, especially in China.

The article discusses a nuclear clock being designed by researchers that is seen to be two orders of magnitude more accurate than the most advanced atomic clock. It cites the major challenge of determining the laser frequency needed to excite the thorium nucleus which has reportedly eluded scientists for 30 years. The team includes scientists and engineers from the Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Nevada, and University of New South Wales.

The author discusses the misidentification of engineers as scientists and engineering achievements as scientific achievements. He comments on the rescue of 33 Chilean miners in October 2010 which the newspaper "Wall Street Journal" described as a combination of science and miracle when in the story itself the quote mentioned engineering instead of science. He mentions scientist Theodore von Kármán's distinction between scientists and engineers with engineers as creators of new things.

The article reports on the cutbacks planned by the government of Great Britain in the defence sector and associated departments. As mentioned, eight percent of the defence budget will be deduced in 2011 which would affect the industry jobs and civil service posts including scientists and engineers. As per Great Britain's Ministry of Defence, two aircrafts will also be scraped from the defence industry of the country.

The article reports on the continued increase of the number of immigrant scientists and engineers working in the U.S. as of October 2015 since the past decade.

The article reports on the spending, gender and immigration trends in global research and development. Spending is measured in terms of purchasing-power parity dollars. Majority of scientists and engineers in the world are male, and only a little more than one-fourth of the employees in the research sector are women. The effect of cultural issues on the movement of scientists from one nation to another is discussed.

The article informs that manufacturers are making material progress in Great Britain. The theme for material engineers and scientists in the year 2006 is tipped to be energy. Industry onlookers are expecting the emergence of balanced production processes with clean and efficient technologies. According to engineers at the University of Liverpool and Mining and Chemical Products Ltd., a manufacturer, the new parts will be made with lattice like structures similar to a scaffolding-pole system developed on a nanoscale unlike solid-metal components.

The article reports on scientists using ground-penetrating radar to locate unseen materials and to scan the molecular makeup of those materials. The new radar method has the attention of some pavement engineers who are on the hunt for more accurate, non-destructive test methods. Jacksonville, Florida-based Ellis & Associates Inc. has hired Electronic Pavement and Infrastructure Charting Inc. (EPIC), Tomball, Texas, to handle scans for recent quality-control projects and was pleased with the results. Florida Department of Transportation is experimenting with EPIC's radar system in order to check the compaction of asphalt pavement during construction.

This article reports on the increasing use of virtual instrumentation for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation applications by engineers and scientists in 2005. A key element of virtual instrumentation is the use of commercial-off-the-shelf technology, including a personal computer processor, plug-in data-acquisition hardware and application software to simulate the system. But the main challenge engineers face in setting up an HIL simulation are the synchronization of a large number of input-output channels at high speeds, signal conditioning for the input-output to stimulate real-world inputs and outputs, and real-time performance.

The article reports that the Air Force apparently has zeroed in on most of the people whose backgrounds would qualify them for a future cadre of space-qualified professionals. Commander of Air Force Space Command, General Lance Lord, said that this does not mean an independent space corps is on the way and that possibility of such a move is "dysfunctional." But observers say development of the cadre, currently including scientists, engineers, program managers and operators in the Air Force, is yet another move that could at least position space warriors for their own service.

The U.S. Navy has opened a Center for Concept Visualization in West Bethesda, Maryland, as of January 1, 2004. Collaborating scientists, engineers, and managers can use it to view complex physical phenomena, such as a full ship model, in three dimensions, according to Captain Charles Behrle, commander of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, which includes the center. Virtual reality technology at the center immerses research and design teams in a virtual representation of a naval vessel, much as if team members are standing within a 3-D motion picture.

Relates the reactions and views of scientists and engineers to the Columbia space shuttle accident in January 2003. Ann Over, an aerospace engineer at the Glenn Research Center in Cleveland; Suleyman Gokoglu, project scientist of the Water Mist Fire Suppression Experiment; Ron Sheffield, a retiree from Lockheed Martin.

The article discusses the highlights of the Outreach for Engineers Specialty Forum hosted by the Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engineering Division of the mechanical engineering society ASME during the 2014 OMAE conference. Highlights include discussions on emerging technologies, job opportunities, career paths and the provision of team building activities.

The projects we profile in this special section all stretch the limits of what is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses how engineers and scientists are turned into entrepreneurs at Manchester University in England. Development of entrepreneurial businesses through the Campus Ventures program; Assistance provided by Campus Ventures to business start-ups; Importance of training and managerial development. INSETS: Engineers given charge of their own destinies.;Prometheus gets fired up.;Answering questions for big money prize..

The article focuses on the new sunroof design concept developed by the scientists at the General Motors Research Laboratories. Engineers may soon enable drivers to control the amount of light transmitted through a sunroof by using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal. When a user pushes an internally-mounted switch that applies an electric field to the film, the PDLC roof transmits the precise amount of light required by the driver.

This article presents information on several admired engineers of the U.S. At the top of the list, Burt Rutan, founder of Scaled Composites Inc., of Mojave, California. Rutan is probably best known for the design of the Voyager aircraft that flew around the world without refueling. But that event marks only one of many achievements in an auspicious career. Another aerospace entrepreneur, Paul MacCready, made the "hero" list. At age 16, this serious model airplane enthusiast soloed in powered planes. Then, following a bachelor's degree in physics from Yale, he turned from his powered aircraft bobby to the design of gliders.

The article discusses the fundamentals in building an offshore wind turbine which is primarily concentrated on the soil. It informs on the differences and challenges between building a traditional offshore oil and gas platforms which rely on gravity and wind turbines which are dependent on soil stiffness and the whole structure. It also discusses the role of scientists and engineers and the facilities required in determining soil strength under forceful loads.

The article focuses on the trend of measuring functional and technical competencies for scientists, engineers, and designers in response to the flattening of organizations. The flatter structure is presented with emphasis on the unrealistic expectation for complete oversight in lean organizations. The development of this trend is traced as against the political correctness enforced by human resources. The adoption of lean engineering is discussed in relation to globalization.

The article presents the National Science Foundation's (NSF) report on the geographical locations of science and engineering jobs in the U.S. as of October 2013.

The article offers the author's insights on the challenges faced by scientists and engineers in improving the public's perception of their general image.

The article focuses on a National Science Foundation analysis of the U.S. Census Bureau data related to scientists and engineers in the U.S. as of August 2013. According to the analysis, there are 5.7 million U.S. scientists and engineers in California, Texas and New York State as of 2011 while physical scientists are found in Los Angeles, California, Denver, Colorado and Boston, Massachusetts. It also mentions that 1.7 percent of scientists are found in Maryland in 2011.

A letter to the editor is presented related to retired scientists and engineers, who are not represented properly for the Fulbright teaching and teaching/research awards presented by the Fulbright Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs.

The article discusses the use of industrial computerized tomography (CT) scanning by the oil and gas corporation ExxonMobil to look for patterns created by acid injection inside rock samples. Scientists and engineers use the technology to visualize hard-to-reach areas without making an incision to an object and therefore preserving the significant features inside. It also discusses the importance of analyzing wormhole and fracture patterns in coming up with an efficient design for drillers.

The article reports that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science Advisory Board (SAB) has created the Hydraulic Fracturing Research Advisory panel. The panel will be composed of independent expert scientists and engineers. The panel will peer review the 2014 draft report of the results of an EPA national study on the possible environmental and health effects of hydraulic fracturing on drinking water resources.

The article offers information on the recipients of the U.S. Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) which includes Baratunde Aole Cola, assistant professor, Frank W. DelRio, mechanical engineer and co-director of Brigham Young University, Christopher A. Mattson.

The article presents information on the encouragements for the volunteer activities on the scientists and engineers by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) in context to the support of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in the U.S. It mentions the director of OPM John Berry on the instructions on allowing more than 20,000 scientists and engineers on using the existing workplace to promote STEM.

The article announces that the Big Bang UK Young Scientists and Engineers Fair has received the 2012 Rooke Medal from the Royal Academy of Engineering.

The article offers the author's insights on the need for scientists and engineers to work together to address climate change. The author argues that humans greatly affected the ecological cycles and nearly exhausted the natural resources. She mentions the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Ecosystem services conference wherein ideas were presented to address food production, waste reduction, and sufficient water. She argues that different knowledge and expertise are needed to address problems.