158 results on '"Gourbin, Catherine"'
Search Results
2. Big Data, Demography, and Causality
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Wunsch, Guillaume, Gourbin, Catherine, Russo, Federica, Wunsch, Guillaume, Gourbin, Catherine, and Russo, Federica
- Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to examine to what extent Big Data are presently used in population research and to consider their potential for causal inference. After examining the characteristics and challenges of big data, the subsequent section deals with the use of big data in the study of the key demographic phenomena and is based on a literature review for the period 2015-2022 of 63 scientific journals concerned with population issues. The final section examines to what extent the use of big data could improve causal inference. Our results show that demographers continue to privilege sources of numerical data and are less prone to use digital media data or other sources such as images. Big Data can contribute to improving explanations in demography thanks to the large number of observations and variables in the data sets, especially when they can be individually linked together. Causal knowledge requires however that one can propose and test a suitable mechanism explaining why a variation in one variable produces a variation in another variable.
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- 2024
3. Big Data, Demography, and Causality
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Sub History and Philosophy of Science, History of Science, Wunsch, Guillaume, Gourbin, Catherine, Russo, Federica, Sub History and Philosophy of Science, History of Science, Wunsch, Guillaume, Gourbin, Catherine, and Russo, Federica
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- 2024
4. Big Data, Demography, and Causality
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Wunsch, Guillaume, primary, Gourbin, Catherine, additional, and Russo, Federica, additional
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- 2024
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5. Causal assessment in demographic research
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Wunsch, Guillaume and Gourbin, Catherine
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- 2020
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6. Chapitre 5. Surmortalité et santé des petites filles en Afrique. Tendances des années 1970 aux années 1990
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Tabutin, Dominique, Gourbin, Catherine, and Beninguisse, Gervais
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Afrique ,genre ,Women's Studies ,Social Issues ,JFSJ ,comportement démographique ,développement ,discrimination ,SOC032000 - Abstract
Les différences de mortalité entre garçons et filles dans l’enfance dépendent à la fois de facteurs biologiques et socioculturels. Du côté biologique, les faits sont relativement clairs (Vallin, 2002) : les garçons sont dans l’ensemble moins résistants et donc plus vulnérables à nombre de maladies congénitales ou infectieuses, notamment dans les premiers mois ou années de la vie. Cela conduit à une surmortalité masculine « biologique » qui s’accentue avec le déclin de la mortalité, quand le p...
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- 2023
7. Genre et société en Afrique
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Alami M’Chichi, Houria, Andro, Armelle, Bakass, Fatima, Beninguisse, Gervais, Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine, Coussy, Denise, Desgrées du Loû, Annabel, Dial, Fatou Binetou, Enel, Catherine, Gourbin, Catherine, Hertrich, Véronique, Kobiané, Jean-François, Lange, Marie-France, Locoh, Thérèse, Marcoux, Richard, Mouvagha-Sow, Myriam, Msellati, Philippe, Ouédraogo, Idrissa, Pison, Gilles, R. Abidemi, Asiyanbola, Sa’ad, Abdul-Mumin, Sow, Fatou, Tabutin, Dominique, Triki, Souad, Welffens-Ekra, Christiane, Zoungrana, Cécile Marie, and Locoh, Thérèse
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Afrique ,genre ,Women's Studies ,Social Issues ,JFSJ ,comportement démographique ,développement ,discrimination ,SOC032000 - Abstract
Au-delà des différences biologiques qui caractérisent chaque sexe, les inégalités de statut entre hommes et femmes et les rapports qui en découlent ont un caractère socialement construit, c’est ce qu’exprime le concept de « genre ». Chaque société structure un système de genre, c’est-à-dire un ensemble de normes, de croyances, de connaissances sélectives qui vont guider les comportements sexués, imposer des rôles, valoriser certaines attitudes et en condamner d’autres. La problématique du développement des pays du Sud est progressivement passée d’une vue misérabiliste de la « condition des femmes » à une approche qui place la dynamique des rapports sexués au cœur de la réflexion. Connaître ces dynamiques, leurs interférences avec les évolutions en cours et notamment les moyens de renforcer le pouvoir de décision des femmes (empowerment) est une priorité stratégique pour le développement. En Afrique, les recherches de projets intégrant le genre, encore très rares, restent un énorme chantier. Cet ouvrage fait un bilan des connaissances sur les rapports de genre tels qu’ils s’expriment dans l’histoire des sociétés, les institutions, la production économique et dans les comportements vis-à-vis de la santé, du mariage et de la constitution de la famille. Pour la première fois, des synthèses sur les inégalités de santé dans l’enfance et sur la nuptialité pour l’ensemble de l’Afrique, y sont présentées. Démographie et statistique ont une place centrale, mais les approches qualitatives et les contributions d’historiens, d’économistes et de sociologues apportent l’enrichissement d’une vision multidisciplinaire sur les questions de genre dans les sociétés africaines.
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- 2023
8. Impact of parental ages and other characteristics at childbearing on congenital anomalies : Results for the Czech Republic, 2000-2007
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Rychtaříková, Jitka, Gourbin, Catherine, Šípek, Antonín, and Wunsch, Guillaume
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- 2013
9. Editorial
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Gourbin, Catherine
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- 2012
10. Preface
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Gourbin, Catherine, Beets, Gijs, and Wunsch, Guillaume
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- 2008
11. Paternal Age and Child Death: The Stillbirth Case
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Rychtaříková, Jitka, Gourbin, Catherine, and Wunsch, Guillaume
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- 2004
12. PATERNAL AGE AND INFANT MORTALITY
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GOURBIN, CATHERINE and WUNSCH, GUILLAUME
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- 1999
13. Institutional, economic and cultural factors affecting the decision of having a child in European countries : a couple’s approach
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Rizzi, Ester Lucia, Baudin, Thomas, Gourbin, Catherine, Berghammer, Caroline, Régnier- Loilier, Arnaud, Dantis, Charalampos, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Rizzi, Ester Lucia, Baudin, Thomas, Gourbin, Catherine, Berghammer, Caroline, Régnier- Loilier, Arnaud, and Dantis, Charalampos
- Abstract
In order to answer the research questions of this thesis, three chapters are produced. The first is devoted to the association between economic uncertainty and the transition to first birth in Greece. The second chapter tries to investigate if religious practice correlates with fertility intentions in eleven European countries (Bulgaria, Russia, Georgia, Germany, Romania, Austria, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic and Sweden). Finally, the third chapter is devoted to the link between the socioeconomic characteristics of the couple and the use of parental leave by the father in Germany. In the second chapter, I answer the research questions regarding the effect of couples' economic uncertainty on their fertility in Greece, and how the 2008 Great Recession has affected the fertility of couples in the same country. In this chapter, the database used is EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions), and more precisely the waves from 2005 to 2013, in order to cover the period prior to the economic crisis of 2008 and the period of crisis. The results show a double path towards the first birth as a Greek specificity. First, couples where both partners have a high income are more likely to have a first child, while couples where both partners have a permanent contract are also more likely to have a first child. Second, high educational homogamy and hypogamy are positively associated with first birth. This result could indicate an advantage for educated women in negotiating partner involvement in family work and / or in the outsourcing of family work. Finally, during the Great Recession of 2008, all types of household organization - even couples where both partners work with a permanent contract - decreased their likelihood of having a first child. This result allows me to conclude that an economic recession can worsen expectations about the future and reduce the likelihood of having a child, even for people in good jobs. Particularly in the case of Gre, (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2021
- Published
- 2021
14. Causal assessment in demographic research
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Wunsch, Guillaume, Gourbin, Catherine, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Wunsch, Guillaume, and Gourbin, Catherine
- Abstract
Causation underlies both research and policy interventions. Causal inference in demography is however far from easy, and few causal claims are probably sustainable in this field. This paper targets the assessment of causality in demographic research. It aims to give an overview of the methodology of causal research, pointing out various problems that can occur in practice. The “Intervention studies” section critically examines the so-called gold standard in causality assessment in experimental studies, randomized controlled trials, and the use of quasi-experiments and interventions in observational studies. The “Multivariate statistical models” section deals with multivariate statistical models linking a mortality or fertility indicator to a series of possible causes and controls. Single and multiple equation models are considered. The “Mechanisms and structural causal modelling” section takes into account a more recent trend, i.e., mechanistic explanations in causal research, and develops a structural causal modelling framework stemming from the pioneering work of the Cowles Commission in econometrics and of Sewall Wright in population genetics. The “Assessing causality in demographic research” section examines how causal analysis could be further applied in demographic studies, and a series of proposals are discussed for this purpose. The paper ends with a conclusion pointing out, in particular, the relevance of structural equation models, of triangulation, and of systematic reviews for causal assessment. © 2020, The Author(s).
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- 2020
15. Parent's age at birth of their offspring and child survival
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Wunsch, Guillaume and Gourbin, Catherine
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Infants -- Influence ,Infants -- Patient outcomes ,Infants -- Research ,Biological sciences ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
This study presents some new results on parental age as a risk factor for child survival. The study is based on individual registration forms for live births and infant deaths collected in Hungary from 1984 to 1988. Logistic regression models have been fitted for early neonatal and neonatal mortality on the one hand, and post-neonatal mortality on the other hand. Children of older males and females have significantly higher early neonatal and neonatal mortality rates compared to those of younger males and females. The impact of age of both parents remains, however, slighter than that of other biological characteristics such as previous number of fetal deaths, induced abortions, or live births. The authors discuss possible biological explanations.
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- 2002
16. Chapitre 5. Surmortalité et santé des petites filles en Afrique. Tendances des années 1970 aux années 1990
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Tabutin, Dominique, primary, Gourbin, Catherine, additional, and Beninguisse, Gervais, additional
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- 2007
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17. CAUSINEQ. Causes of health and mortality inequalities in Belgium: multiple dimensions, multiple causes
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Damiens, Joan Jany, Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Majérus, Paul, Masquelier, Bruno, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, Vandeschrick, Christophe, Van Cleemput, Océane, and UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies
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inégalité sociale ,causes de décès ,mortalité ,belgique - Abstract
In Belgium, life expectancy is now twice what it was 170 years ago due to improvements in public and private hygiene, nutrition, medical procedures and the organization of health services. The average lifespan of a Belgian resident is now over 80 years, but inequalities persist and sometimes even intensify. In Belgium, like in other European countries, a negative relationship has been demonstrated between socio-economic position on the one hand and health and mortality on the other hand. This project aimed to investigate whether or not this social gradient in health and mortality is associated with the growing de-standardisation of employment arrangements and family situations. The goal was to obtain information about the mechanisms by which social differences in mortality and health are generated in Belgium, in order to provide insight in policy measures that could prove effective in countering these inequalities. In a first part of the project, the evolution of mortality inequalities in Belgium between 1991 and 2016 was studied. It has been shown, based on a multidimensional indicator combining educational level, employment category and housing characteristics, that social inequalities in death are significant in Belgium and that they have been increasing for both women and men since at least the 1990s. In relative terms, gaps between social groups are especially wide between 25 and 50 years but have little impact on differences in life expectancy because the risk of dying is inherently low at these ages. The social disparities in mortality for older people (65+) – and especially the delay of the underprivileged in the health transition and the fight against cardiovascular diseases – have a far greater effect on differences in life expectancy. In general, social inequalities in mortality and their variation along the social continuum are observed for each of the major causes of death, but they are particularly pronounced for diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. The results also point out that spatial disparities in mortality linger and have been worsening for at least a quarter century. The spatial pattern of mortality for the underprivileged social group resembles the spatial patterns of the privileged and intermediate social groups. Within the same social group, spatial disparities endure. This indicates that beyond the socioeconomic composition of regions and districts, other factors – environmental, cultural and behavioural – are involved and affect mortality across social groups in the same way. The second part of the project focused on the relationship between employment situation and (cause-specific) mortality. Mortality inequalities by employment status were considered, controlled for other dimensions of socio-economic position. The association between mortality and unemployment in Belgium was investigated in detail at the individual level. Results showed that the unemployed have a two times higher mortality risk than the employed. Even when they have a high educational level, excellent housing conditions and healthy living arrangements, unemployed men still have a higher mortality risk than their employed counterparts. Conclusions for women were comparable, but inequalities were smaller. A slight protective effect of education against the detrimental health impact of unemployment was demonstrated. Analyses clearly showed that the mortality excess of the unemployed results from an excess mortality in practically all main cause groups. Focusing on specific causes within each main group, we observed large inequalities for alcohol-related mortality. Furthermore, our results illustrated the importance of municipality of district characteristics, such as urbanicity, the aggregated unemployment rate, etcetera. The mortality excess for unemployed men and women was for example smaller in regions with higher aggregate unemployment levels. The higher mortality of the unemployed suggests a positive effect of having a job, which is a reasonable assumption since employment is a key factor determining the financial and psychological wellbeing of individuals and their families. Getting people into work should therefore be an important goal of labour market policies and is of critical importance for reducing health inequalities. However, this is not the whole picture. Analyses including non-standard types of contract show that jobs need to be sustainable as well. Overall and cause-specific mortality differentials by marital status and type of family situation were the focus of a third part of the CAUSINEQ project, in order to gain insight into the effect of the de-standardisation of family formation processes. With regard to marital status, it does appear that matrimonial behaviour varies from one Belgian administrative region to another. Flanders is characterised by a greater share of married couples and a lower proportion of divorced and single people. In contrast, isolated individuals are overrepresented in Brussels, compared to Flanders in particular, but also compared to Wallonia. At the same time, married individuals and those who are not married but live in a couple do seem to be subject to lower levels of mortality in each of the three regions of Belgium. Results from Poisson regression models point out the interactions between the undermortality of (married) couples and the differences in matrimonial behaviour between the three regions are relatively small and do not provide a satisfying explanation for the differences in mortality observed between the regions. The main factor explaining regional differences in mortality is the socio-economic situation of the residents. With regard to type of family situation, excess mortality was revealed for children under 5 years of age living in single-parent families, even after controlling for the main socio-demographic variables. This excess mortality is particularly pronounced for violent deaths. This observation raises questions. Is this a manifestation of less parental supervision or is it a reflection of less safe housing or living conditions? In order to characterise violent deaths in single-parent families and to distinguish them from those in two-parent families, Chi-square tests were used with the place of death (home, school, etc.), the type of death (traffic accident, other accidents, etc.) and the day of the week in which the death occurred. However, none of these analyses was statistically significant. Finally, analyses were performed to show how adverse health – as an important precursor of mortality – varies jointly by employment and living arrangements. A typology of labour market positions was constructed and enriched with survey-data information about respondents’ employment conditions (for those in waged employment). This endeavour shows Belgium as a country with a stable, low prevalence of precarious employment when compared to other EU-countries. However, the prevalence of one particular type of precarious employment is considerable and growing in Belgium, namely ‘precarious unsustainable employment’, characterised mainly by low working hours and low monthly wages and often held by female workers. The labour market typology shows clear relationships with the health of individuals. Three labour market positions are most likely to be associated with general and mental health problems: unemployment, precarious employment and instrumental employment. Controlling for social precarity indicators causes a (sometimes spectacular) reduction in the odds for poor health, which clearly shows how the broader social situation “interacts” with labour market positions in creating social health inequalities. It is therefore important to keep in mind that the accumulation of health-damaging positions in different life spheres is in fact a worrisome reality for a part of the Belgian population. These results indicate that precarious labour market situations are to be taken serious as a public health risk and suggest that stable and secure employment of good quality is the “healthiest form of employment”. From a policy perspective, our findings make clear that the potential health impact of labour market policies should be considered whenever labour market reforms are planned. Policy makers should be aware of the fact that flexible labour market policies may stand at odds with policies aiming for longer and sustainable working careers.
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- 2019
18. Infant health and mortality indicators: Their accuracy for monitoring the socio-economic development in the Europe of 1994
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Masuy-Stroobant, Godelieve and Gourbin, Catherine
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- 1995
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19. Nature and nurture : determinants of water-related diseases in children from Dakar
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Schoumaker, Bruno, Dos Santos, Stéphanie, Gourbin, Catherine, Bocquier, Philippe, Le Hesran, Jean-Yves, Vanwambeke, Sophie, Duthé, Géraldine, Rautu, Iulia, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Schoumaker, Bruno, Dos Santos, Stéphanie, Gourbin, Catherine, Bocquier, Philippe, Le Hesran, Jean-Yves, Vanwambeke, Sophie, Duthé, Géraldine, and Rautu, Iulia
- Abstract
In Senegal, despite recent health progress, water-related infections still constitute an acute urban health concern, particularly with regard to children. In the capital, Dakar, the rapid urbanization of recent decades lead to high population densities with diverse socio-economic profiles, in a very heterogeneous urban space. Often, underprivileged families also reside in areas with deficient living arrangements and subpar infrastructure, which means that Dakar's children may be exposed to very different risks for water-related infections. With this in mind, the present thesis analyzes the determinants of water-related diseases, focusing on the effects of behavior and the immediate environment. A mixed-methods approach is used, combining statistical models with semi-structured interviews. In terms of data collection and analysis, the general approach of the study follows a deductive and quantitatively-driven design, whereby the construction of the qualitative instrument is built upon the initial quantitative results. In the context of an ongoing debate regarding whether it is private actions or external physical conditions which determine the transmission of water-related diseases, the present study's results point to both spheres. Findings also indicate that health-related behavior in the family is often a function of the immediate environment, calling attention to the need to take into account characteristics of the wider area, when investigating infectious diseases. The research also points out that, in developing contexts, some of the commonly used statistical indicators may not convey an accurate picture of living conditions. Thus, complementary qualitative analyses may be necessary for a proper understanding of the risk factors involved in the transmission of water-related infections., (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2019
- Published
- 2019
20. Travail-famille : conciliation des rôles économiques et domestiques dans trois capitales d'Afrique de l'Ouest
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin, Catherine, Adjamagbo, Agnès, Rizzi, Ester, Schoumaker, Bruno, Golaz, Valérie, Bocquiez, Philippe, Kpadonou, Norbert, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin, Catherine, Adjamagbo, Agnès, Rizzi, Ester, Schoumaker, Bruno, Golaz, Valérie, Bocquiez, Philippe, and Kpadonou, Norbert
- Abstract
Cette thèse aborde la relation entre la famille et les activités professionnelles dans trois villes ouest africaines : Cotonou (Bénin), Lomé (Togo) et Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Le contexte urbain en Afrique de l’Ouest est marqué à la fois par une séparation des rôles masculins et féminins où les femmes exécutent la grande majorité des tâches domestiques et une forte implication des femmes dans les activités économiques avec très peu de structures de garde d’enfants. A partir des données quantitatives et qualitatives collectées dans le cadre du projet « Familles, genre et activités en Afrique de l’Ouest », nous analysons d’abord la répartition des tâches domestiques et des dépenses entre les membres du ménage. Nous analysons ensuite l’effet du ménage sur les activités économiques des hommes et des femmes dans les trois villes. Enfin, à partir de récits de vie de femmes collectés à Lomé et Cotonou, nous étudions les stratégies mises en œuvre par les femmes pour mener conjointement leur double rôle professionnel et domestique. Nos résultats montrent que la conciliation entre vies professionnelle et familiale reste une problématique féminine dans les villes ouest africaines. Tandis que les domestiques deviennent rares dans les ménages, d’autres formes de contournement émergent., (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2019
- Published
- 2019
21. Complications of childbirth and maternal deaths in Kinshasa hospitals: testimonies from women and their families
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Gourbin Catherine, De Brouwere Vincent, and Kabali Eugénie
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maternal death ,emergency obstetric care ,childbirth ,DR Congo ,Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 - Abstract
Abstract Background Maternal mortality in Kinshasa is high despite near universal availability of antenatal care and hospital delivery. Possible explanations are poor-quality care and by delays in the uptake of care. There is, however, little information on the circumstances surrounding maternal deaths. This study describes and compares the circumstances of survivors and non survivors of severe obstetric complications. Method Semi structured interviews with 208 women who survived their obstetric complication and with the families of 110 women who died were conducted at home by three experienced nurses under the supervision of EK. All the cases were identified from twelve referral hospitals in Kinshasa after admission for a serious acute obstetric complication. Transcriptions of interviews were analysed with N-Vivo 2.0 and some categories were exported to SPSS 14.0 for further quantitative analysis. Results Testimonies showed that despite attendance at antenatal care, some women were not aware of or minimized danger signs and did not seek appropriate care. Cost was a problem; 5 deceased and 4 surviving women tried to avoid an expensive caesarean section by delivering in a health centre, although they knew the risk. The majority of surviving mothers (for whom the length of stay was known) had the caesarean section on the day of admission while only about a third of those who died did so. Ten women died before the required caesarean section or blood transfusion could take place because they did not bring the money in time. Negligence and lack of staff competence contributed to the poor quality of care. Interviews revealed that patients and their families were aware of the problem, but often powerless to do anything about it. Conclusion Our findings suggest that women with serious obstetric complications have a greater chance of survival in Kinshasa if they have cash, go directly to a functioning referral hospital and have some leverage when dealing with health care staff
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- 2011
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22. Panorama démographique et conséquences économiques et sociales du vieillissement en Belgique
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Bourguignon, Mélanie, Gourbin, Catherine, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, XXe colloque de l’AIDELF et 44e Chaire Quetelet, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Bourguignon, Mélanie, Gourbin, Catherine, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, and XXe colloque de l’AIDELF et 44e Chaire Quetelet
- Published
- 2018
23. Direct and indirect path leading to contraceptive use in urban Africa: An application to Burkina Faso, Ghana, Morocco, Senegal
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Gourbin, Catherine, Wunsch, Guillaume, Moreau, Lorise, Guillaume, Guillaume, Demography, and Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
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[SHS.DEMO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Demography ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2017
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24. The ageing of populations in Belgium: Current situation and perspectives
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Bourguignon, Mélanie, primary, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, additional, and Gourbin, Catherine, additional
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- 2018
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25. Mortality, morbidity and health in developed societies: a review of data sources
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Wunsch, Guillaume, primary and Gourbin, Catherine, additional
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- 2018
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26. Le recours à la contraception d'urgence au Cameroun : le cas de la ville de Yaoundé
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin, Catherine, Eggerickx, Thierry, Andro, Armelle, Calvès, Anne, Rizzi, Ester, Ngo Mayack, Josiane, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin, Catherine, Eggerickx, Thierry, Andro, Armelle, Calvès, Anne, Rizzi, Ester, and Ngo Mayack, Josiane
- Abstract
Cette thèse vise à contribuer à l’amélioration des connaissances sur la contraception d'urgence, dans un contexte d’étude comme celui de Yaoundé, caractérisé notamment par un faible niveau de la pratique contraceptive, la problématique des grossesses non-désirées et les avortements clandestins. L’objectif général de la recherche est de comprendre dans quelle mesure les femmes ont accès à l’information en matière de contraception d’urgence, et d’analyser la place de cette dernière dans leurs pratiques contraceptives. Selon une approche méthodologique essentiellement qualitative, nous nous intéressons à la fois à l’offre et à la demande de la contraception d’urgence. Il s’agit d’appréhender les opinions, les attitudes et les pratiques non seulement des utilisatrices et non-utilisatrices de cette méthode contraceptive, mais aussi celles des professionnels de santé. Les arguments de santé publique, les perceptions sociales de la contraception d’urgence, les normes sociales en matière de sexualité et de reproduction, les situations relationnelles et les rapports de genre sont des facteurs qui soulignent la diversité et la complexité des logiques et des enjeux sous-jacents à l’utilisation de la méthode., (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2017
- Published
- 2017
27. Inégalités sociales de mortalité en Belgique. De multiples dimensions, de multiples causes
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Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Majérus, Paul, Masquelier, Bruno, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, Vandeschrick, Christophe, and UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies
- Abstract
Analyse de l'évolution des inégalités sociales de mortalité en Belgique et de ses déterminants (état-civil, emploi, niveau d'instruction et conditions de logement)
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- 2016
28. Sociale ongelijkheid in sterfte in België. Vele dimensies, vele oorzaken
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Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Majérus, Paul, Masquelier, Bruno, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, Vandeschrick, Christophe, and UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies
- Abstract
Analyses de l'évolution des inégalités sociales de mortalité en Belgique et de ses déterminants (emploi, logement, niveau d'instruction, état-civil)
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- 2016
29. Direct and indirect paths leading to contraceptive use in urban Africa
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Gourbin, Catherine, primary, Wunsch, Guillaume, additional, Moreau, Lorise, additional, and Guillaume, Agnès, additional
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- 2017
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30. Harvesting knowledge from insecure settings : the case of nutrition in Ethiopia
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UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, UCL - Faculté de santé publique, Guha, Debarati, Macq, Jean, Gourbin, Catherine, Degomme, Olivier, Donnen, Philippe, Aldashev, Gani, Greenough, Gregg, Altare, Chiara, UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, UCL - Faculté de santé publique, Guha, Debarati, Macq, Jean, Gourbin, Catherine, Degomme, Olivier, Donnen, Philippe, Aldashev, Gani, Greenough, Gregg, and Altare, Chiara
- Abstract
This thesis delves into the issue of availability and creation of knowledge in complex emergencies. We discuss health and nutrition data quality, accessibility and use for operational, policy and scientific purposes. Understanding the impact of conflict on populations’ health is essential for humanitarian interventions to effectively respond. Yet, collecting data to generate sound evidence is arduous due to limited access and insecurity. Meanwhile, Non-Governmental Organisations providing humanitarian aid have greater access to populations and collect data to monitor programmes. We investigate how programme data can be exploited by applying scientific methods. We focused on small-scale mortality and nutrition surveys, extensively used to collect representative data on emergency-affected communities. Small-scale surveys proved to be an important source of health and nutrition information. Their aggregated analysis elucidates trends and associations of health variables. Specifically, the case study on undernutrition in Ethiopia provides estimates of wasting prevalence, identifies factors explaining its variation and can guide survey planning towards areas with limited data availability., (SP - Sciences de la santé publique) -- UCL, 2016
- Published
- 2016
31. Sociale ongelijkheid in sterfte in België. Vele dimensies, vele oorzaken
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Majérus, Paul, Masquelier, Bruno, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, Vandeschrick, Christophe, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Majérus, Paul, Masquelier, Bruno, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, and Vandeschrick, Christophe
- Abstract
Analyses de l'évolution des inégalités sociales de mortalité en Belgique et de ses déterminants (emploi, logement, niveau d'instruction, état-civil)
- Published
- 2016
32. Inégalités sociales de mortalité en Belgique. De multiples dimensions, de multiples causes
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Majérus, Paul, Masquelier, Bruno, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, Vandeschrick, Christophe, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Majérus, Paul, Masquelier, Bruno, Sanderson, Jean-Paul, and Vandeschrick, Christophe
- Abstract
Analyse de l'évolution des inégalités sociales de mortalité en Belgique et de ses déterminants (état-civil, emploi, niveau d'instruction et conditions de logement)
- Published
- 2016
33. Conception, naissance et petite enfance au Maghreb
- Author
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Amor, Hakima, Angeli, Aurora, Baali, Abdellatif, Bachtarzi, T., Baudot, Patrick, Bchir, Abdallah, Belkeziz, Najat, Bernis, Cristina, Bley, Daniel, Boëtsch, Gilles, Boudiaf, Nacira, Bouhoum, Khadija, Bouzidi, Z., C., Varea, Castro, S., Chattou, Zoubir, Claus, Gilbert J.M., Crognier, Emile, Gharbi, M., Gourbin, Catherine, Habbari, K.H., Harpending, Henry, Hilali, Mohamed Kamal, Jana, M., Johnston, Francis, Lekouch, N., Loukid, Mohamed, Montero Lopez, Pilar, Mtiraoui, A., Nacer, M.T., Pagezy, Hélène, Pihan, J.-C., Rovillé-Sausse, F., Salvini, S., Sedki, A., Soltani, M.S., Soukhal, A., Tabutin, Dominique, and Varea, C.
- Subjects
SOC006000 ,Maghreb ,fécondité ,Sociology & Anthropology ,Cultural studies ,JHBD - Abstract
Les comportements associés à la fécondité sont révélateurs des manières par lesquelles les sociétés assurent au mieux leur pérennisation en gouvernant la succession des générations. Leur étude minutieuse découvre un ajustement inattendu de la fécondité aux conditions ambiantes lorsque la présence du groupe humain est ancienne dans le milieu, ou encore la promptitude avec laquelle les forces culturelles en infléchissent l'expression, lorsque de nouvelles circonstances se font jour. C'est au développement de ce thème dans les sociétés du Maghreb que concourent les travaux de ce volume. Les rapports entre démographie et attitudes génésiques, les déterminants biologiques ou culturels de la conception et de la grossesse, les conditions environnementales ou socio-économiques entourant la petite enfance, y sont tour à tour évoqués par des synthèses rassemblant les connaissances actuelles ainsi que par des observations effectuées dans des populations traditionnelles ou en cours de modernisation, y compris dans des communautés européennes de migrants originaires du Maghreb.
- Published
- 2014
34. Mortalité et santé des enfants en Afrique du Nord depuis les années soixante
- Author
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Tabutin, Dominique and Gourbin, Catherine
- Subjects
SOC006000 ,Maghreb ,fécondité ,Sociology & Anthropology ,Cultural studies ,JHBD - Abstract
Que ce soit au nord ou au sud, la mortalité a longtemps été la parente pauvre dans l’étude des phénomènes démographiques, son recul paraissant acquis grâce aux progrès économiques et sanitaires. De ce fait la mortalité, et tout particulièrement la mortalité infanto-juvénile, était utilisée en tant qu’indicateur démographique bien évidemment, mais aussi en tant qu’indice de l’état sanitaire et du développement économique d’une société (OMS, 1974 ; Adamchak, 1979 ; Agbonifo, 1983 ; Basch, 1990)...
- Published
- 2014
35. Comprendre l'accompagnement du changement dans les interventions d'assistance technique long-terme en appui à l'administration de la santé : cas de l'appui à la mise en œuvre de la stratégie de renforcement du système de santé au niveau provincial en République Démocratique du Congo
- Author
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UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, UCL - Faculté de santé publique, D'Hoore, William, Macq, Jean, Bonami, Michel, Gourbin, Catherine, Ansoms, An, Guha, Debarati, Kahindo, Jean-Bosco, Bossyns, Paul, Ribesse, Nathalie, UCL - SSS/IRSS - Institut de recherche santé et société, UCL - Faculté de santé publique, D'Hoore, William, Macq, Jean, Bonami, Michel, Gourbin, Catherine, Ansoms, An, Guha, Debarati, Kahindo, Jean-Bosco, Bossyns, Paul, and Ribesse, Nathalie
- Abstract
Health is a major issue in development. The health sector of developing countries is frequently supported by international cooperation. Long term technical assistance (LT-TA) is a common cooperation instrument. Our research aims to understand ‘‘how’’ long-term technical assistance interventions contribute or can contribute effectively to the strengthening of the counterpart organization. Our case study is based on the support to the “Health System Strengthening Strategy” implementation at provincial level of the health administration in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Our methodological framework is complex systems theories. The research consist of an in-depth literature review and three field studies, namely a study about actors’ perceptions and two studies of technical assistance’s interventions in two provinces. LT-TA interventions are relevant, but their potential is not sufficiently used. Key-elements are the demand of the local counterpart, “process” skills which empower LT-TA to implement change process, interactions based on responsibility. Complexity is a relevant theoretical methodological framework for health systems research and should be developed further., (SP - Sciences de la santé publique) -- UCL, 2015
- Published
- 2015
36. Analyse du recours aux soins obstétricaux au Burundi : déterminants et motivations
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin , Catherine, Schoumaker, Bruno, Bergouignan, Christophe, Duchêne, Josiane, Masuy-Stoobant, Godelieve, Rizzi, Ester, Nkurunziza, Médiatrice, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin , Catherine, Schoumaker, Bruno, Bergouignan, Christophe, Duchêne, Josiane, Masuy-Stoobant, Godelieve, Rizzi, Ester, and Nkurunziza, Médiatrice
- Abstract
La quasi-totalité des femmes burundaises a recours aux consultations prénatales au moins une fois pendant la grossesse mais, dans 80% des cas, la première consultation intervient au-delà du premier trimestre de gestation (ce qui est insuffisant selon les normes sanitaires de l’OMS). De même, les accouchements en formation sanitaire et les visites postnatales sont encore à un niveau insatisfaisant en leur sein. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier les déterminants du recours inadéquat aux soins obstétricaux modernes par les femmes concernées et de contribuer à la compréhension de la manière dont elles perçoivent leur utilité. L’étude utilise une méthodologie mixte. Les analyses quantitatives sont réalisées à partir des données de l’Enquête Socio-démographique et de Santé de la Reproduction de 2002 et celles de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé de 2010. Elles ont été complétées par 53 entretiens semi-structurés réalisés en 2011 à Bujumbura (pour le milieu urbain), à Bukeye (pour le milieu rural) et auprès d’(anciennes) déplacées de guerre résidant à Bujumbura et dans la commune de Bukeye. Outre les inégalités classiques en faveur du milieu urbain dans l’accès aux soins de santé, les résultats des analyses multivariées mettent en évidence les inégalités sociales spécifiques à chaque milieu de résidence. De fait, les analyses qualitatives confirment que les femmes, surtout celles qui sont sans instruction ou ayant un niveau d’étude très faible, n’ont pas encore intériorisé la rationalité préventive des soins obstétricaux. En d’autres termes, elles ne voient pas l’intérêt d’aller en consultation en l’absence de problème de santé apparent. Les données quantitatives montrent également que les accouchements à domicile ont fortement diminué entre 2002 et 2010, ce qui laisse croire à l’effet de la mesure de gratuité de l’accouchement en vigueur depuis 2006. Toutefois, les analyses quantitatives et qualitatives montrent que l’accouchement en formation sanitaire reste d, (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2014
- Published
- 2014
37. Interface entre programmes verticaux et services de santé généraux : comment optimiser cette relation dans les systèmes de santé d'Afrique subsaharienne?
- Author
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UCL - SSS/IRSS-Institut de recherche santé et société, UCL - Faculté de santé publique, Botbol-Baum, Mylène, Buve, Anne, De Spiegelaere, Myrial, Gourbin, Catherine, Macq, Jean, Criel, Bart, Keugoung, Basile, UCL - SSS/IRSS-Institut de recherche santé et société, UCL - Faculté de santé publique, Botbol-Baum, Mylène, Buve, Anne, De Spiegelaere, Myrial, Gourbin, Catherine, Macq, Jean, Criel, Bart, and Keugoung, Basile
- Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, the interface between vertical programs and general health services is far from optimal. Our research, conducted in Cameroon, studied the effects of control programs against tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS on the functioning of district hospitals. These programs have both positive and negative effects on hospital services. The net result cannot be reduced to a simple arithmetic in which positive effects would outweigh negative effects. Indeed, some effects jeopardize the structural and systemic capacities to manage local health systems. In addition, real opportunities to develop synergies between programs and general health services and strengthen local health systems are not grasped by stakeholders. We propose to better monitor and rank program effects on general health services; strengthen the stewardship capacities of managers; and ensure that opportunities for sustainable health systems strengthening are seized by all stakeholders., En Afrique subsaharienne, l’interface entre programmes verticaux et services de santé généraux n’est pas optimale. Notre recherche, conduite au Cameroun, a étudié les effets des programmes tuberculose et VIH/SIDA sur le fonctionnement des hôpitaux de district. Ces programmes produisent sur les hôpitaux des effets à la fois positifs et négatifs. Le résultat net ne peut se réduire à une simple arithmétique dont les effets positifs neutraliseraient les effets négatifs. En effet, certains effets affectent en mal les capacités structurelle et systémique à gérer les systèmes locaux de santé. En outre, de réelles opportunités pour développer des synergies et renforcer les systèmes de santé ne sont pas prises par les détenteurs d’enjeux. Nous proposons de mieux monitorer et hiérarchiser les effets des programmes; de renforcer les capacités de stewardship des gestionnaires; et de veiller à ce que les opportunités pour un renforcement durable des systèmes de santé soient saisies., (SP - Sciences de la santé publique) -- UCL, 2014
- Published
- 2014
38. Lao PDR: Final Report RHIYA Monitoring and Evaluation Reproductive Health Initiative for Youth in Asia (RHIYA)
- Author
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Lognard Mary-Odile, Schoumaker, Bruno, and Gourbin, Catherine
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Comparative Report RHIYA Monitoring and Evaluation EU/UNFPA Reproductive Health initiative for Youth in Asia
- Author
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Lognard Mary-Odile, Schoumaker, Bruno, and Gourbin, Catherine
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Bangladesh: Final Report RHIYA Monitoring and Evaluation EU/UNFPA Reproductive Health initiative for Youth in Asia (RHIYA) 2003-2007
- Author
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Lognard Mary-Odile, Schoumaker Bruno, and Gourbin Catherine
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Evaluatie van forfaitaire persoonlijk bijdrage op het gebruik van spoedgevallendienst
- Author
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Gourbin, Catherine, Philips, Hilde, Leys, Mark, Kohn, Laurence, Van de Voorde, Carine, Moreels, Reginald, Buylaert, Walter, Remmen, Roy, du Boullay, Didier, De Paepe, Peter, and Cerexhe, Françoise
- Subjects
Social Justice ,Cost-sharing ,R19 ,Emergency Service, Hospital ,Health Services Misuse ,2004-22 ,Health Services Accessibility ,W 76 Health manpower and services, distribution and characteristics - Abstract
ix, 135 p. ill.
- Published
- 2005
42. Evaluation de l'impact d'une contribution personnelle forfaitaire sur le recours au service d'urgences
- Author
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Gourbin, Catherine, Philips, Hilde, Leys, Mark, Kohn, Laurence, Van de Voorde, Carine, Moreels, Reginald, Buylaert, Walter, Remmen, Roy, du Boullay, Didier, De Paepe, Peter, and Cerexhe, Françoise
- Subjects
Emergency Medical Services ,Social Justice ,Cost-sharing ,R19 ,Health Services Misuse ,2004-22 ,Health Services Accessibility ,Hospitals ,W 76 Health manpower and services, distribution and characteristics - Abstract
x, 134 p. ill.
- Published
- 2005
43. Mortalité et santé des enfants en Afrique du Nord depuis les années soixante
- Author
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Tabutin, Dominique, primary and Gourbin, Catherine, additional
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Publier en sciences humaines. Quels enjeux, quelles modalités, quels supports, quelle diffusion?
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Dufays, Jean-Louis, Servais, Paul, Gourbin, Catherine, Laurent, Pierre-Joseph, Marquet, Jacques, Zune, Marc, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Dufays, Jean-Louis, Servais, Paul, Gourbin, Catherine, Laurent, Pierre-Joseph, Marquet, Jacques, and Zune, Marc
- Abstract
Qu’il s’agisse de la sociologie, de l’anthropologie, de l’histoire, de la démographie ou des sciences de l’éducation, le paysage de la publication scientifique des sciences humaines et sociales a considérablement évolué au cours des dix dernières années. Si, à l’heure de la mondialisation et du numérique généralisé, la nécessité de diffuser les résultats de la recherche dans ces domaines est plus que jamais d’actualité, d’importantes interrogations pèsent tant sur les modes d’évaluation de ces travaux que sur les modalités matérielles de leur diffusion. À l’évidence, ces évolutions influent de manière substantielle sur les conditions d’exercice du métier de chercheur comme sur les contenus des recherches. Mais, parce qu’elles paraissent largement dictées par des phénomènes transversaux externes aux disciplines, elles n’ont jusqu’ici guère été soumises au questionnement critiquedes chercheurs concernés. C’est à cet examen que le colloque dont on lira ici les Actes a été consacré.
- Published
- 2013
45. De l'initiation sexuelle au mariage chez les jeunes urbains burkinabè : relations, vécu et risques
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin , Catherine, Rossier, Clémentine, Masuy-Stroobant, Godelieve, Tabutin, Dominique, Guillaume, Agnès, Adjamagbo, Agnès, Sawadogo, Nathalie, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Gourbin , Catherine, Rossier, Clémentine, Masuy-Stroobant, Godelieve, Tabutin, Dominique, Guillaume, Agnès, Adjamagbo, Agnès, and Sawadogo, Nathalie
- Abstract
Cette thèse vise à contribuer, d’une part, à une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme par lequel les jeunes hommes et femmes urbains du Burkina Faso sont exposés aux risques liés à la sexualité et, d’autre part, à une meilleure lecture de l’articulation des facteurs en jeu dans leurs difficultés de prévention. L’étude utilise une méthodologie mixte. Les analyses quantitatives, réalisées avec les données issues de l’Enquête Nationale sur les Adolescents (ENA) effectuée en 2004, ont permis de quantifier, chez les individus de 12 à 19 ans, leur exposition au sida et aux grossesses non prévues et aussi d’en identifier les facteurs favorisants. Les analyses qualitatives ont eu recours à 76 entretiens semi-directifs réalisés entre 2005 et 2007 auprès de jeunes hommes et femmes âgés de 18 à 40 ans à Ouagadougou dans le cadre du projet Emergency Contraception in AFrica (ECAF). Des trajectoires et portraits ont été mis à profit pour la construction de tableaux synthétiques du vécu sexuel et préventif des individus. Ont ensuite servi de base aux analyses des classifications des épisodes sexuels et préventifs en fonction, d’un côté, du type de relation de couple concerné et du risque encouru par l’intéressé et de l’autre, de la typologie des situations relationnelles vécues. Chez les adolescents burkinabè, il apparaît que l’exposition au sida (mesurée ici par la non utilisation du préservatif lors du dernier rapport sexuel des 12 mois précédant l’enquête) concerne 53,4% des garçons et 74% des filles. Quant aux grossesses non prévues, ce sont 49,2% des garçons et 57,8% des filles qui n’ont utilisé aucune contraception lors de leur dernier rapport sexuel alors qu’ils ne désiraient pas d’enfant à cette période de leur vie. Les résultats quantitatifs et qualitatifs de l’étude confirment, pour le Burkina Faso, l’impact particulier des facteurs socioculturels sur les comportements sexuels et préventifs des jeunes : au-delà de l’évaluation des risques de contamination par le sida et, (POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 2013
- Published
- 2013
46. Hospitalization rates for Alzheimer's disease
- Author
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Gourbin, Catherine, Wunsch, Guillaume, UCL - ESPO/SPED - Département des sciences de la population et du développement, and UCL - ESPO/ESPO - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales et politiques
- Abstract
Procedures of data collection on hospitalizations for Alzheimer's disease are compared among the countries of the European Union. Data were obtained from the national institutes of statistics and ministries of health. Information relates to the type of health institutions collecting data in a systematic way, procedures of codification and publication, collection of associated diagnoses, and characteristics of the patient. Coverage and coding practices differ markedly between countries. Where possible, levels of hospitalization rates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are assessed. Hospitalization rates for AD increase significantly with age and do not differ much between males and females. Codification of diagnoses according to ICD-10 leads to a much lower level of hospitalization rates than following ICD-9. Data on outpatients and from private hospitals are presently not available and should be collected by the health system.
- Published
- 2001
47. Population policies in Europe and North America
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - ESPO/ESPO - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Rizzi, Ester Lucia, Gourbin, Catherine, Baizan, Pau, UCL - SSH/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCL - ESPO/ESPO - Faculté des sciences économiques, sociales, politiques et de communication, Rizzi, Ester Lucia, Gourbin, Catherine, and Baizan, Pau
- Published
- 2012
48. Différence de genre et rôles des réseaux migratoires dans la mobilité internationale des Congolais (RDC) : étude des tendances, des déterminants et des conséquences de la migration
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Schoumaker, Bruno, Verhoeven, Marie, Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Beauchemin, Cris, Guilmoto, Christophe, Vause, Sophie, UCL - SSH/IACS/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Schoumaker, Bruno, Verhoeven, Marie, Eggerickx, Thierry, Gourbin, Catherine, Beauchemin, Cris, Guilmoto, Christophe, and Vause, Sophie
- Abstract
Women currently account for nearly half of international migrants in the world, but female migration is almost exclusively analyzed from Asia and Latin America. However, data on migrants indicate that African women travel as well, both within the continent and to Western countries. But under which conditions do these female migrations take place? Do they mostly fit in the logic of family reunification or instead do they contribute to the phenomenon of empowerment described in other contexts? This first research question guided our analysis of migrations from the Democratic Republic of Congo. The objective was to evaluate whether we are witnessing a feminization of Congolese migration, and whether this could be explained by the emergence of more autonomous patterns of female mobility. Even though the analysis of trends in migration rates reveals no genuine Congolese feminization of migration, several results suggest that a convergence of migration experiences of men and women is at work when directed to Western countries, while differences between men and women remain more important in regard to intra-African migrations. Also salient is an increase in female migrations spurred by economical motives and a decrease in female migrations associated with the mobility of the spouse. This is accompanied by a distinct increase in the mobility associated with the network of migrants. A second research question is then addressed: are networks more likely to promote or, conversely, to discourage the autonomous nature of female migration? The results indicate that through social and family networks, migrations can transform gender relations, both towards a reduction of gender inequalities (when the network turns out to be more supportive of women at the departure or at destination), or the other way around, in enhancing or maintaining gender inequalities (when the network appears to be more restrictive for women, in particular when taking decisions to migrate or when restraining, Les femmes représentent actuellement près de la moitié des migrants internationaux dans le monde, mais ces migrations féminines sont presque exclusivement étudiées à partir des continents asiatique et latino-américain. Pourtant, les statistiques indiquent que les Africaines se déplacent également, tant à l’intérieur du continent que vers des destinations occidentales. Mais dans quelles conditions ces migrations féminines prennent-elles place ? S’inscrivent-elles essentiellement dans des logiques de regroupement familial, ou contribuent-elles plutôt au phénomène d’autonomisation des femmes décrit dans d’autres contextes ? Cette première question de recherche a guidé les analyses menées à partir du cas des migrations au départ de la République démocratique du Congo. Le point de départ consiste donc à savoir si l’on assiste à une féminisation des migrations congolaises qui s’expliquerait par l’émergence d’une mobilité féminine plus autonome. Si l’analyse des tendances migratoires ne révèle pas de véritable féminisation des migrations congolaises, un certain nombre d’éléments laissent toutefois penser qu’une convergence des expériences migratoires entre hommes et femmes est à l’œuvre vers les destinations occidentales, alors que les écarts entre hommes et femmes restent plus importants en ce qui concerne les migrations intra-africaines. On observe par ailleurs une augmentation des migrations féminines de type économiques et une diminution des migrations féminines associées à la mobilité de leur conjoint. Toutefois, on observe également une croissance importante de la mobilité associée à celle du réseau des migrants. Une seconde question de recherche est alors posée : il s’agit de savoir si les réseaux sont de nature à favoriser ou, au contraire, à décourager le caractère autonome des migrations féminines. Les résultats indiquent que par le biais des réseaux sociaux et familiaux, les migrations sont à la fois susceptibles de transformer les rapports de genre dans le sens, (DEMO 3) -- UCL, 2012
- Published
- 2012
49. How does elderly family care evolve over time? An analysis of the care provided to the elderly by their spouse and children in the Panel Study of Belgian Households 1992-2002
- Author
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UCL - SSH/IACS/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Gourbin, Catherine, Billiet, Jaak, Burnay, Nathalie, Pacolet, Jozef, Schoumaker, Bruno, Jacobs, Thérèse, De Valk, Helga, Masuy, Amandine, UCL - SSH/IACS/IACS - Institute of Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, Gourbin, Catherine, Billiet, Jaak, Burnay, Nathalie, Pacolet, Jozef, Schoumaker, Bruno, Jacobs, Thérèse, De Valk, Helga, and Masuy, Amandine
- Abstract
Population ageing has become one of the most burning issues on the agenda of the social policy-makers in the industrialised countries. In 2050, about a quarter of the population of Belgium will be aged 65+ and a tenth 80+. This change in the population structure is associated with an increase in the demand for community care. Therefore, the organisation of a sustainable long-term care system is one of the main challenges to address. So far, the family seems to remain the first, the main and the most stable source of elderly care. But family care has its limitations (it is not available for the family-less elderly and may have detrimental consequences for the care-givers if long-term and/or heavy care is needed). Social policies should be developed in order to support or to substitute family care and to provide sustainable long-term care for the elderly in the community. To do that, the first step is to have a good knowledge of the determinants and the dynamics of the care provided to the elderly by their family. This dissertation focuses on the care provided by the spouse and the children (the ‘family care-givers’) in Belgium. The approach is quantitative and, using the Life Course as theoretical framework, the dissertation tries to explore the ‘longitudinal’ and ‘contextual’ aspects of the study phenomenon. The main originality is to carry out a longitudinal analysis of the elderly family care characteristics in a representative sample of Belgian elderly. The three main research questions are addressed: Who is receiving family care? What are the characteristics of the received family care? How do these characteristics evolve over time? But before starting the analyses and answering those questions, the context and the methodology should be specified. Therefore the dissertation has been divided into three parts. The contextual part starts with a discussion of the concept of care and a presentation of the Life Course approach, continues with the review of the literat, Dans les pays industrialisés, le vieillissement de la population est devenu une des questions les plus préoccupantes pour les décideurs en matière de politiques sociales. En 2050, un quart de la population belge aura 65 ans ou plus et un dixième aura au moins 80 ans. Cette évolution va de pair avec une augmentation de la demande de soins à domicile. Dès lors, la mise en place d’un système soutenable de soins de longue durée est un des grands défis à relever par nos sociétés. Jusqu’ici, la famille reste la première source d’aide, la principale et la plus stable dans le temps. Mais l’aide apportée par la famille a ses limites (elle n’est pas disponible pour toutes les personnes âgées et, lorsqu’elle l’est, le fait d’aider peut avoir des conséquences négatives pour l’aidant, si l’aide est très intense ou de très longue durée). Des politiques sociales devraient être développées pour soutenir ou se substituer à l’aide apportée par la famille, afin d’assurer la prise en charge à domicile des personnes âgées sur le long terme. Pour cela, la première chose à faire est d’acquérir une bonne connaissance des déterminants et de la dynamique de l’aide apportée aux personnes âgées par leurs proches. Cette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse spécifiquement à l’aide apportée par le conjoint et les enfants (les care-givers) en Belgique. L’approche est quantitative et, prenant l’approche Life Course comme cadre théorique, cette recherche tente d’explorer les aspects ‘longitudinaux’ et ‘contextuels’ du phénomène étudié. Son originalité principale est de procéder à une analyse longitudinale des caractéristiques de l’aide apportée à un échantillon représentatif des personnes âgées belges. Trois questions de recherche sont posées : « Qui reçoit de l’aide des membres de la famille ? », « Quelles sont les caractéristiques de cette aide ? » et « Comment ces caractéristiques évoluent-elles dans le temps ? ». Mais, avant de commencer les analyses et de proposer des réponses à ces questions, le cont, (DEMO 3) -- UCL, 2011
- Published
- 2011
50. Estimation de la mortalité adulte en Afrique subsaharienne à partir de la survie des proches : apports de la microsimulation
- Author
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UCL - ESPO/SPED - Département des sciences de la population et du développement, Tabutin, Dominique, Gourbin, Catherine, Pison, Gilles, Schoumaker, Bruno, Wunsch, Guillaume, Masquelier, Bruno, UCL - ESPO/SPED - Département des sciences de la population et du développement, Tabutin, Dominique, Gourbin, Catherine, Pison, Gilles, Schoumaker, Bruno, Wunsch, Guillaume, and Masquelier, Bruno
- Abstract
Adult mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a neglected issue in the realm of population studies. Due to the lack of civil registration systems, risks of dying in adulthood still need to be estimated from defective and deficient data. Among these data, the survival of parents and siblings, as collected in censuses and surveys, can be used to reconstruct past trends in mortality. This PhD dissertation combines reports on kin survival with microsimulations to revisit methodological aspects of the estimation of adult mortality. The main selection biases of kin survivorship statistics are discussed, alongside problems of data quality. Recent estimates of the probability of dying between ages 15 and 60 are also presented. Overall, this dissertation highlights the considerable heterogeneity of mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, where adult mortality rates vary up to threefold from one country to another, mainly because of the differential impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic., (DEMO 3) -- UCL, 2010
- Published
- 2010
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