83 results on '"BOMBYX-MORI"'
Search Results
2. The Co-Expression Pattern of Odorant Binding Proteins and Olfactory Receptors Identify Distinct Trichoid Sensilla on the Antenna of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae
- Author
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Schultze, Anna, Pregitzer, Pablo, Walter, Marika F, Woods, Daniel F, Marinotti, Osvaldo, Breer, Heinz, Krieger, Jürgen, and Newcomb, Richard David
- Subjects
Pheromone-Sensitive Neurons ,Vector Mosquito ,Drosophila-Melanogaster ,Expression Pattern ,Comparative Genomics ,Bombyx-Mori ,Genes ,Identification ,Activation ,Homologs - Published
- 2013
3. Transcriptome analysis reveals novel patterning and pigmentation genes underlying Heliconius butterfly wing pattern variation
- Author
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Hines, Heather M, Papa, Riccardo, Ruiz, Mayte, Papanicolaou, Alexie, Wang, Charles, Nijhout, H, McMillan, W, and Reed, Robert D
- Subjects
Heliconius ,Adaptation ,Pigmentation ,Ommochrome ,Melanin ,Genomics ,Evo-devogenome-wide identification ,bombyx-mori ,evo-devo ,drosophila-melanogaster ,linkage map ,evolution ,color ,expression ,genetics ,yellow - Published
- 2012
4. A wing expressed sequence tag resource for Bicyclus anynana butterflies, an evo-devo model
- Author
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Beldade, Patrícia, Rudd, Stephen, Gruber, Jonathan D., and Long, Anthony D.
- Subjects
evolutionary developmental biology ,eukaryotic messenger-rnas ,bombyx-mori ,drosophila-melanogaster ,bristle number ,gene discovery ,untranslated regions ,artificial selection ,pattern-formation ,swiss-prot - Abstract
Background: Butterfly wing color patterns are a key model for integrating evolutionary developmental biology and the study of adaptive morphological evolution. Yet, despite the biological, economical and educational value of butterflies they are still relatively under-represented in terms of available genomic resources. Here, we describe an Expression Sequence Tag ( EST) project for Bicyclus anynana that has identified the largest available collection to date of expressed genes for any butterfly. Results: By targeting cDNAs from developing wings at the stages when pattern is specified, we biased gene discovery towards genes potentially involved in pattern formation. Assembly of 9,903 ESTs from a subtracted library allowed us to identify 4,251 genes of which 2,461 were annotated based on BLAST analyses against relevant gene collections. Gene prediction software identified 2,202 peptides, of which 215 longer than 100 amino acids had no homology to any known proteins and, thus, potentially represent novel or highly diverged butterfly genes. We combined gene and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ( SNP) identification by constructing cDNA libraries from pools of outbred individuals, and by sequencing clones from the 3' end to maximize alignment depth. Alignments of multi-member contigs allowed us to identify over 14,000 putative SNPs, with 316 genes having at least one high confidence double-hit SNP. We furthermore identified 320 microsatellites in transcribed genes that can potentially be used as genetic markers. Conclusion: Our project was designed to combine gene and sequence polymorphism discovery and has generated the largest gene collection available for any butterfly and many potential markers in expressed genes. These resources will be invaluable for exploring the potential of B. anynana in particular, and butterflies in general, as models in ecological, evolutionary, and developmental genetics.
- Published
- 2006
5. Biological Engineered Living Materials: Growing Functional Materials with Genetically Programmable Properties
- Author
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Tom Ellis, Charlie Gilbert, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,Engineering ,SILICA IMMOBILIZATION ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,ADHESION ,CURLI BIOGENESIS ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Biochemical Research Methods ,BACILLUS-SUBTILIS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Synthetic biology ,BACTERIAL CELLULOSE BIOSYNTHESIS ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,010608 biotechnology ,MAGNETOSOME EXPRESSION ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,FUSION PROTEINS ,PROTEIN HYDROGELS ,General Medicine ,Bacterial cellulose biosynthesis ,Biological materials ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Biofilms ,Synthetic Biology ,Biochemical engineering ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Natural biological materials exhibit remarkable properties: self-assembly from simple raw materials, precise control of morphology, diverse physical and chemical properties, self-repair, and the ability to sense-and-respond to environmental stimuli. Despite having found numerous uses in human industry and society, the utility of natural biological materials is limited. But, could it be possible to genetically program microbes to create entirely new and useful biological materials? At the intersection between microbiology, material science, and synthetic biology, the emerging field of biological engineered living materials (ELMs) aims to answer this question. Here we review recent efforts to program cells to produce living materials with novel functional properties, focusing on microbial systems that can be engineered to grow materials and on new genetic circuits for pattern formation that could be used to produce the more complex systems of the future.
- Published
- 2018
6. Cocoon-spinning behavior and 20-hydroxyecdysone regulation of fibroin genes in Plutella xylostella
- Author
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Guy Smagghe, Xiu-Lian Fu, Yan Shi, Michael A. Keller, Tong-Xian Liu, and Gan-Lin Lin
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Agriculture and Food Sciences ,ENZYME ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,20-Hydroxyecdysone ,Fibroin ,Insect ,01 natural sciences ,Halloween genes ,lcsh:Physiology ,STEROID-HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Bombyx mori ,Physiology (medical) ,CYP18A1 ,Plutella xylostella ,diamondback moth ,cocoon-spinning behavior ,media_common ,Original Research ,Diamondback moth ,SILKWORM ,biology ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,CONSTRUCTION ,fungi ,Plutella ,biology.organism_classification ,fibroin genes ,Cell biology ,BOMBYX-MORI ,010602 entomology ,DROSOPHILA ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,ECDYSONE ,INACTIVATION ,20E ,Ecdysone - Abstract
The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella is a serious pest of crucifers. It has high reproductive potential and is resistant to many insecticides. Typically, the last-instar larvae of P. xylostella, before pupation, move to the lower or outer plant leaves to make a loose silk cocoon and pupate inside for adult formation. To better understand this pivotal stage we studied the cocoon-spinning behavior of P. xylostella and measured three successive phases by video-recording, namely the selection of a pupation site, spinning a loose cocoon and padding the scaffold cocoon. Subsequently, we cloned three fibroin genes related to cocoon production, i.e., fibroin light chain (Fib-L), fibroin heavy chain (Fib-H), and glycoprotein P25. A spatio-temporal study of these three fibroin genes confirmed a high expression in the silk glands during the final larval instar silk-producing stage. In parallel, we did an exogenous treatment of the insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), and this suppressed fibroin gene expression, reduced the normal time needed for cocoon spinning, and we also observed a looser cocoon structure under the scanning electron microscope. Hence, we demonstrated that the expression levels of key genes related to the synthesis of 20E [the three Halloween genes Spook (Spo), Shadow (Sad), and Shade (Shd)] decreased significantly during spinning, the expression of the 20E receptor (EcR and USP) was significantly lower during spinning than before spinning, and that the expression levels of CYP18-A1 related to 20E degradation were significantly up-regulated during spinning. The significance of the cocoon and the effects of 20E on the cocoon-spinning behavior of P. xylostella are discussed.
- Published
- 2020
7. A nuclease specific to lepidopteran insects suppresses RNAi
- Author
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Guy Smagghe, Shao-Ru Hu, Haichao Li, Ruobing Guan, Xuexia Miao, Olivier Christiaens, and Yu-Jie Fan
- Subjects
EXPRESSION ,Models, Molecular ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,RNA Stability ,DESERT LOCUST ,Genes, Insect ,DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA ,PIN DOMAINS ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ribonucleases ,RNA interference ,Animals ,Gene Regulation ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,INTERFERENCE ,Regulation of gene expression ,Genetics ,Nuclease ,Gene knockdown ,Deoxyribonucleases ,biology ,fungi ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,GENE ,SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Lepidoptera ,010602 entomology ,RNA silencing ,030104 developmental biology ,biology.protein ,Insect Proteins ,RNA Interference ,INJECTION ,Drosophila melanogaster ,CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS ,Transcriptome ,Sequence Alignment ,Dicer - Abstract
More than 70% of all agricultural pests are insects in the order Lepidoptera, which, unlike other related insect orders, are not very sensitive to RNAi, limiting genetic studies of this insect group. However, the reason for this distinct lepidopteran characteristic is unknown. Previously, using transcriptome analysis of the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis, we identified a gene, termed up56, that is up-regulated in response to dsRNA. Here we report that this Lepidoptera-specific gene encodes a nuclease that contributes to RNAi insensitivity in this insect order. Its identity was experimentally validated, and sequence analysis indicated that up56 encodes a previously uncharacterized protein with homologous sequences in seven other lepidopteran species. Its computationally predicted three-dimensional structure revealed a high structural similarity to human exonuclease I. Exposure to dsRNA in O. furnacalis strongly up-regulated this gene's expression, and the protein could digest single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), dsRNA, and dsDNA both in vitro and in vivo. Of note, we found that this up-regulation of up56 expression is faster than that of the gene encoding the key RNAi-associated nuclease Dicer. up56 knockdown in O. furnacalis significantly enhanced RNAi efficiency. Moreover, up56 overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster suppressed RNAi efficiency. Finally, up56 knockdown significantly increased the amount and diversity of small RNAs. Therefore, we renamed this protein RNAi efficiency-related nuclease (REase). In conclusion, we propose that REase may explain why lepidopterans are refractory to RNAi and that it represents a target for further research of RNAi efficiency in this insect order.
- Published
- 2018
8. Can Plant Lectins Help to Elucidate Insect Lectin-Mediated Immune Response?
- Author
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Els J.M. Van Damme, Guy Smagghe, Kristof De Schutter, and Pengyu Chen
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0301 basic medicine ,Cellular immunity ,Science ,insect lectin ,Review ,cellular immunity ,C-TYPE LECTIN ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,C-type lectin ,humoral immunity ,DOMAIN ORGANIZATION ,PATTERN-RECOGNITION RECEPTORS ,PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ,innate immunity ,CHITINASE-LIKE PROTEINS ,GENE-EXPRESSION ,TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS ,Innate immune system ,biology ,fungi ,Pattern recognition receptor ,food and beverages ,Biology and Life Sciences ,ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM CHAPERONES ,Lectin ,Cell biology ,BOMBYX-MORI ,030104 developmental biology ,Insect Science ,plant lectin ,Humoral immunity ,biology.protein ,BETA-INTEGRIN ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Simple Summary Lectins are proteins that can recognize and selectively bind specific sugar structures. These proteins are present in all kingdoms of life, including plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms and play a role in a broad range of processes. The interactions between lectins and their target carbohydrates play a primordial role in plant and animal immune systems. Despite being the largest and most diverse taxa on earth, the study of lectins and their functions in insects is lagging behind. To study the role of insect lectins in the immune response, plant lectins could provide an interesting tool. Plant lectins have been well characterized and many of them possess immunomodulatory properties in vertebrate cells. The increasing knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of plant lectins could complement the missing knowledge on the endogenous insect lectins and contribute to understanding the processes and mechanisms by which lectins participate in insect immunity. This review summarizes existing studies of immune responses stimulated by endogenous or exogenous lectins. Abstract Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that recognize and selectively bind to specific sugar structures. This group of proteins is widespread in plants, animals, and microorganisms, and exerts a broad range of functions. Many plant lectins were identified as exogenous stimuli of vertebrate immunity. Despite being the largest and most diverse taxon on earth, the study of lectins and their functions in insects is lagging behind. In insects, research on lectins and their biological importance has mainly focused on the C-type lectin (CTL) family, limiting our global understanding of the function of insect lectins and their role in insect immunity. In contrast, plant lectins have been well characterized and the immunomodulatory effects of several plant lectins have been documented extensively in vertebrates. This information could complement the missing knowledge on endogenous insect lectins and contribute to understanding of the processes and mechanisms by which lectins participate in insect immunity. This review summarizes existing studies of immune responses stimulated by endogenous or exogenous lectins. Understanding how lectins modulate insect immune responses can provide insight which, in turn, can help to elaborate novel ideas applicable for the protection of beneficial insects and the development of novel pest control strategies.
- Published
- 2021
9. Characterization of a neuropeptide F receptor in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans
- Author
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Liesbeth Van Rompay, Isabel Beets, Sven Zels, Matthias B. Van Hiel, Liliane Schoofs, Jelle Caers, Katleen Peymen, and Jan Van Den Abbeele
- Subjects
Male ,Receptors, Neuropeptide ,0301 basic medicine ,Neuropeptide F ,PREDICTION ,Physiology ,Gene Expression ,Insect ,Synaptic Transmission ,0302 clinical medicine ,PCR DATA ,PEST-CONTROL ,Cloning, Molecular ,Receptor ,media_common ,Neurotransmitter Agents ,Tsetse fly ,Y-LIKE SYSTEM ,Neuropeptide Y receptor ,SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA ,Cell biology ,Glossina morsitans morsitans ,PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Larva ,Insect Proteins ,Female ,SIGNALING PATHWAY ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,DNA, Complementary ,Tsetse Flies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,DESERT LOCUST ,Neuropeptide ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,G protein-coupled receptor ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Science & Technology ,Base Sequence ,Neuropeptides ,fungi ,Midgut ,Feeding Behavior ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,Insect Science ,Trypanosoma ,Entomology ,Zoology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Neuropeptides related to mammalian neuropeptide Y (NPY) and insect neuropeptide F (NPF) are conserved throughout Metazoa and intimately involved in a wide range of biological processes. In insects NPF is involved in regulating feeding, learning, stress and reproductive behavior. Here we identified and characterized an NPF receptor of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, the sole transmitter of Trypanosoma parasites causing sleeping sickness. We isolated cDNA sequences encoding tsetse NPF (Glomo-NPF) and its receptor (Glomo-NPFR), and examined their spatial and temporal expression patterns using quantitative PCR. In tsetse flies, npfr transcripts are expressed throughout development and most abundantly in the central nervous system, whereas low expression is found in the flight muscles and posterior midgut. Expression of npf, by contrast, shows low transcript levels during development but is strongly expressed in the posterior midgut and brain of adult flies. Expression of Glomo-npf and its receptor in the brain and digestive system suggests that NPF may have conserved neuromodulatory or hormonal functions in tsetse flies, such as in the regulation of feeding behavior. Cell-based activity studies of the Glomo-NPFR showed that Glomo-NPF activates the receptor up to nanomolar concentrations. The molecular data of Glomo-NPF and Glomo-NPFR paves the way for further investigation of its functions in tsetse flies. senior author publication ispartof: Journal of Insect Physiology vol:93 pages:105-111 ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2016
10. Odorant Receptors and Odorant-Binding Proteins as Insect Pest Control Targets: A Comparative Analysis
- Author
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Herbert Venthur and Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Integrated pest management ,Odorant binding ,Physiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,reverse chemical ecology ,Insect ,Computational biology ,bombyx-mori ,Review ,Biology ,antennal transcriptome analysis ,DNA-binding protein ,de-novo analysis ,lcsh:Physiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,sex-pheromone components ,functional-characterization ,Physiology (medical) ,modulators ,Semiochemical ,chemosensory genes ,Binding selectivity ,media_common ,candidate ,antagonists ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,ligand-binding ,business.industry ,anopheles-gambiae ,fungi ,Pest control ,odorant binding ,insect olfaction ,030104 developmental biology ,pest management ,expression patterns ,agonists ,PEST analysis ,business ,chemosensory receptors - Abstract
Recently, two alternative targets in insect periphery nerve system have been explored for environmentally-friendly approaches in insect pest management, namely odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (ORs). Located in insect antennae, OBPs are thought to be involved in the transport of odorants to ORs for the specific signal transduction of behaviorally active odorants. There is rich information on OBP binding affinity and molecular docking to bioactive compounds as well as ample 3D crystal structures due to feasible production of recombinant proteins. Although these provide excellent opportunities for them to be considered as pest control targets and a tool to design pest control agents, the debates on their binding specificity represent an obstacle. On the other hand, ORs have recently been functionally characterized with increasing evidence for their specificity, sensitivity and functional roles in pest behaviors. However, a major barrier to use ORs for semiochemical discovery is the lack of 3D crystal structures. Thus, OBPs and ORs have not been analyzed comparatively together so far for their feasibility as pest control targets. Here, we summarize the state of OBPs and ORs research in terms of its application in insect pest management. We discuss the suitability of both proteins as pest control targets and their selection toward the discovery of new potent semiochemicals. We argue that both proteins represent promising targets for pest control and can be used to identify new super-ligands likely present in nature and with reduced risk of resistance development than insect pesticides currently used in agriculture. We discuss that with the massive identification of OBPs through RNA-seq and improved binding affinity measurements, these proteins could be reconsidered as suitable targets for semiochemical discovery.
- Published
- 2018
11. Identification, expression, and endocrine-disruption of three ecdysone-responsive genes in the sentinel species Gammarus fossarum
- Author
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Davide Degli-Esposti, Arnaud Chaumot, Hervé Quéau, Christine Almunia, Duarte Gouveia, François Bonneton, Olivier Geffard, Jean Armengaud, and Chaumot, Arnaud
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Ecdysone ,Piperonyl butoxide ,lcsh:Medicine ,Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ,Endocrine Disruptors ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Gammarus ,Animals ,Amphipoda ,lcsh:Science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Tebufenozide ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,lcsh:R ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,Gene expression profiling ,Retinoid X Receptors ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,chemistry ,Endocrine disruptor ,Nuclear receptor ,Sentinel Species ,lcsh:Q ,retinoid-x-receptor ,broad-complex ,nuclear receptors ,estrogenic contamination ,sequence alignment ,molecular-cloning ,bombyx-mori ,vitellogenin ,biomarker ,metamorphosis ,Vitellogenesis ,Biomarkers ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Taking advantage of a large transcriptomic dataset recently obtained in the sentinel crustacean amphipod Gammarus fossarum, we developed an approach based on sequence similarity and phylogenetic reconstruction to identify key players involved in the endocrine regulation of G. fossarum. Our work identified three genes of interest: the nuclear receptors RXR and E75, and the regulator broad-complex (BR). Their involvement in the regulation of molting and reproduction, along with their sensitivity to chemical contamination were experimentally assessed by studying gene expression during the female reproductive cycle, and after laboratory exposure to model endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs): pyriproxyfen, tebufenozide and piperonyl butoxide. RXR expression suggested a role of this gene in ecdysis and post-molting processes. E75 presented two expression peaks that suggested a role in vitellogenesis, and molting. BR expression showed no variation during molting/reproductive cycle. After exposure to the three EDCs, a strong inhibition of the inter-molt E75 peak was observed with tebufenozide, and an induction of RXR after exposure to pyriproxyfen and piperonyl butoxide. These results confirm the implication of RXR and E75 in hormonal regulation of female reproductive cycles in G. fossarum and their sensitivity towards EDCs opens the possibility of using them as specific endocrine disruption biomarkers.
- Published
- 2018
12. Increased RNAi efficacy in Spodoptera exigua via the formulation of dsRNA with guanylated polymers
- Author
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Miriam Gomez Tardajos, Mamoni Dash, Olivier Christiaens, Guy Smagghe, Peter Dubruel, and Zarel Martinez Reyna
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,INSECT PESTS ,dsRNA-polymer nanocarriers ,DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA ,Gene delivery ,Spodoptera ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Physiology ,GENE DELIVERY ,03 medical and health sciences ,RNA interference ,Beet armyworm ,Physiology (medical) ,Spodoptera exigua ,SIRNA DELIVERY ,Exigua ,Original Research ,INTERFERENCE ,Gene knockdown ,dsRNA degradation ,biology ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN SID-1 ,fungi ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Midgut ,IN-VITRO ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,Lepidoptera ,BOMBYX-MORI ,010602 entomology ,RNA silencing ,030104 developmental biology ,MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ,CELLS ,crop protection - Abstract
Lepidoptera comprise some of the most devastating herbivorous pest insects worldwide. One of the most promising novel pest control strategies is exploiting the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism to target essential genes for knockdown and incite toxic effects in the target species without harming other organisms in the ecosystem. However, many insects are refractory to oral RNAi, often due to rapid degradation of ingested dsRNA in their digestive system. This is the case for many lepidopteran insects, including the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, which is characterized by a very alkaline gut environment (pH > 9.0) and a strong intestinal nucleolytic activity. In this research, guanidine-containing polymers were developed to protect dsRNA against nucleolytic degradation, specifically in high pH environments. First, their ability to protect dsRNA against nucleolytic degradation in gut juice of the beet armyworm S. exigua was investigated ex vivo. Polymers with high guanidine content provided a strong protection against nucleolytic degradation at pH 11, protecting the dsRNA for up to 30 h. Next, cellular uptake of the dsRNA and the polyplexes in lepidopteran CF203 midgut cells was investigated by confocal microscopy, showing that the polymer also enhanced cellular uptake of the dsRNA. Finally, in vivo feeding RNAi bioassays demonstrated that using these guanidine-containing polymer nanoparticles led to an increased RNAi efficiency in S. exigua. Targeting the essential gene chitin synthase B, we observed that the mortality increased to 53% in the polymer-protected dsRNA treatment compared to only 16% with the naked dsRNA and found that polymer-protected dsRNA completely halted the development of the caterpillars. These results show that using guanylated polymers as a formulation strategy can prevent degradation of dsRNA in the alkaline and strongly nucleolytic gut of lepidopteran insects. Furthermore, the polymer also enhances cellular uptake in lepidopteran midgut cells. This new delivery strategy could be of great use in further fundamental research in lepidopterans, using RNAi as a research tool, and could lead to future applications for RNAi-based pest control of lepidopteran insects.
- Published
- 2018
13. Fight or flight? – Flight increases immune gene expression but does not help to fight an infection
- Author
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University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Institute of Biotechnology, Woestmann, Luisa, Kvist, Jouni Antero, Saastamoinen, Marjo Anna Kaarina, University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Institute of Biotechnology, Woestmann, Luisa, Kvist, Jouni Antero, and Saastamoinen, Marjo Anna Kaarina
- Abstract
Flight represents a key trait in most insects, being energetically extremely demanding, yet often necessary for foraging and reproduction. Additionally, dispersal via flight is especially important for species living in fragmented landscapes. Even though, based on life-history theory, a negative relationship may be expected between flight and immunity, a number of previous studies have indicated flight to induce an increased immune response. In this study, we assessed whether induced immunity (i.e. immune gene expression) in response to 15-min forced flight treatment impacts individual survival of bacterial infection in the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia). We were able to confirm previous findings of flight-induced immune gene expression, but still observed substantially stronger effects on both gene expression levels and life span due to bacterial infection compared to flight treatment. Even though gene expression levels of some immunity-related genes were elevated due to flight, these individuals did not show increased survival of bacterial infection, indicating that flight-induced immune activation does not completely protect them from the negative effects of bacterial infection. Finally, an interaction between flight and immune treatment indicated a potential trade-off: flight treatment increased immune gene expression in naive individuals only, whereas in infected individuals no increase in immune gene expression was induced by flight. Our results suggest that the up-regulation of immune genes upon flight is based on a general stress response rather than reflecting an adaptive response to cope with potential infections during flight or in new habitats.
- Published
- 2017
14. Viral Delivery of dsRNA for Control of Insect Agricultural Pests and Vectors of Human Disease: Prospects and Challenges
- Author
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Anna Kolliopoulou, Guy Smagghe, Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning, and Luc Swevers
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,CALIFORNICA MULTIPLE NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS ,Physiology ,viruses ,insect-specific virus ,LEPIDOPTERAN CELL-LINES ,Review ,DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA ,Biology ,Recombinant virus ,lcsh:Physiology ,virus-like particle ,03 medical and health sciences ,plant virus ,Virus-like particle ,RNA interference ,VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES ,Physiology (medical) ,Plant virus ,TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS ,Gene silencing ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,fungi ,RNA ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biosafety ,MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS ,Virology ,FLOCK-HOUSE-VIRUS ,BOMBYX-MORI ,RNA silencing ,030104 developmental biology ,arbovirus ,Viral replication ,RNAi ,recombinant virus ,pest control ,CRICKET PARALYSIS VIRUS ,AEDES-AEGYPTI MOSQUITOS - Abstract
RNAi is applied as a new and safe method for pest control in agriculture but efficiency and specificity of delivery of dsRNA trigger remains a critical issue. Various agents have been proposed to augment dsRNA delivery, such as engineered micro-organisms and synthetic nanoparticles, but the use of viruses has received relatively little attention. Here we present a critical view of the potential of the use of recombinant viruses for efficient and specific delivery of dsRNA. First of all, it requires the availability of plasmid-based reverse genetics systems for virus production, of which an overview is presented. For RNA viruses, their application seems to be straightforward since dsRNA is produced as an intermediate molecule during viral replication, but DNA viruses also have potential through the production of RNA hairpins after transcription. However, application of recombinant virus for dsRNA delivery may not be straightforward in many cases, since viruses can encode RNAi suppressors, and virus-induced silencing effects can be determined by the properties of the encoded RNAi suppressor. An alternative is virus-like particles that retain the efficiency and specificity determinants of natural virions but have encapsidated non-replicating RNA. Finally, the use of viruses raises important safety issues which need to be addressed before application can proceed.
- Published
- 2017
15. Butterfly genomics : insights from the genome of Melitaea cinxia
- Author
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Ahola, Virpi, Wahlberg, Niklas, Frilander, Mikko J., Biosciences, Centre of Excellence in Metapopulation Research, Ilkka Hanski / Principal Investigator, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, and Minor spliceosome
- Subjects
BOMBYX-MORI ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,fungi ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,BIASED GENE-EXPRESSION ,HOLOCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES ,YIELDS INSIGHTS ,LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS ,LARVAL DEVELOPMENT ,DISPERSAL RATE ,EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS ,INDUSTRIAL MELANISM - Abstract
The first lepidopteran genome (Bombyx mori) was published in 2004. Ten years later the genome of Melitaea cinxia came out as the third butterfly genome published, and the first eukaryotic genome sequenced in Finland. Owing to Ilkka Hanski, the M. cinxia system in the angstrom land Islands has become a famous model for metapopulation biology. More than 20 years of research on this system provides a strong ecological basis upon which a genetic framework could be built. Genetic knowledge is an essential addition for understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics and the genetic basis of variability in life history traits. Here we review the process of the M. cinxia genome project, its implications for lepidopteran genome evolution, and describe how the genome has been used for gene expression studies to identify genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation. Finally, we introduce some future possibilities and challenges for genomic research in M. cinxia and other Lepidoptera.
- Published
- 2017
16. A Role of Corazonin Receptor in Larval-Pupal Transition and Pupariation in the Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
- Author
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Er-Hu Chen, Dan-Dan Wei, Jin-Jun Wang, Guy Smagghe, Qiu-Li Hou, Hui-Min Li, Shun-Hua Gui, and Hong-Bo Jiang
- Subjects
DIPTERA TEPHRITIDAE ,EXPRESSION ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,HORMONE GENE ,Neuropeptide ,NEUROPEPTIDE CORAZONIN ,Bactrocera dorsalis ,03 medical and health sciences ,RNA interference ,0302 clinical medicine ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,pupariation behavior ,medicine ,neuropeptide ,corazonin ,MOLECULAR-CLONING ,biology ,Tyrosine hydroxylase ,Chinese hamster ovary cell ,fungi ,FLESH FLY ,Biology and Life Sciences ,INSECT ,larval-pupal transition ,biology.organism_classification ,NERVOUS-SYSTEM ,Cell biology ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Corazonin ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,expression pattern ,Ventral nerve cord ,corazonin receptor ,Drosophila melanogaster ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Pupariation - Abstract
Corazonin (Crz) is a neuropeptide hormone, but also a neuropeptide modulator that is internally released within the CNS, and it has a widespread distribution in insects with diverse physiological functions. Here, we identified and cloned the cDNAs of Bactrocera dorsalis that encode Crz and its receptor CrzR. Mature BdCrz has 11 residues with a unique Ser11 substitution (instead of the typical Asn) and a His in the evolutionary variable position 7. The BdCrzR cDNA encodes a putative protein of 608 amino acids with 7 putative transmembrane domains, typical for the structure of G-protein-coupled receptors. When expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the BdCrzR exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity for Crz (EC50 approximate to 52.5 nM). With qPCR, the developmental stage and tissue-specific expression profiles in B. dorsalis demonstrated that both BdCrz and BdCrzR were highly expressed in the larval stage, and BdCrzR peaked in 2-day-old 3rd-instar larvae, suggesting that the BdCrzR may play an important role in the larval-pupal transition behavior. Immunochemical localization confirmed the production of Crz in the central nervous system (CNS), specifically by a group of three neurons in the dorso-lateral protocerebrum and eight pairs of lateral neurons in the ventral nerve cord. qPCR analysis located the BdCrzR in both the CNS and epitracheal gland, containing the Inka cells. Importantly, dsRNA-BdCrzR-mediated gene-silencing caused a delay in larval-pupal transition and pupariation, and this phenomenon agreed with a delayed expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa-decarboxylase genes. We speculate that CrzR-silencing blocked dopamine synthesis, resulting in the inhibition of pupariation and cuticular melanization. Finally, injection of Crz in head-ligated larvae could rescue the effects. These findings provide a new insight into the roles of Crz signaling pathway components in B. dorsalis and support an important role of CrzR in larval-pupal transition and pupariation behavior.
- Published
- 2017
17. Bioinspired Silicification of Silica-Binding Peptide-Silk Protein Chimeras: Comparison of Chemically and Genetically Produced Proteins
- Author
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Carole C. Perry, David J. Belton, David L. Kaplan, Heather A. Currie, Laetitia L S Canabady-Rochelle, Olivier Deschaume, CANABADY-ROCHELLE, Laetitia, Nottingham Trent University, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tufts Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Bioengn & Biotechnol Ctr, Tufts University [Medford], and EPSRC EP/E048439/1 AFOSR NIH 5RO1DE017207-05
- Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,Spectrophotometry, Infrared ,Polymers and Plastics ,Peptide ,02 engineering and technology ,SPIDER DRAGLINE SILK ,01 natural sciences ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,[CHIM] Chemical Sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Spider silk ,[INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology ,Peptide sequence ,Protein secondary structure ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,SECONDARY STRUCTURE ,Nephila clavipes ,Silicon Dioxide ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,BOMBYX-MORI ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,SILK ,Insect Proteins ,FIBROIN ,0210 nano-technology ,Stereochemistry ,Recombinant Fusion Proteins ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Silk ,Fibroin ,Bioengineering ,010402 general chemistry ,SEQUENCE ,Article ,TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY ,Biomaterials ,BIOMATERIAL ,Bombyx mori ,Polymer chemistry ,Animals ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Amino Acid Sequence ,fungi ,NANOCONFINEMENT ,BIOSILICIFICATION ,Bombyx ,biology.organism_classification ,HEAVY-CHAIN ,Peptide Fragments ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry - Abstract
International audience; Novel protein chimeras constituted of "silk" and a silica-binding peptide (KSLSRHDHIHHH) were synthesized by genetic or chemical approaches and their influence on silica-silk based chimera composite formation evaluated. Genetic chimeras were constructed from 6 or 15 repeats of the 32 amino acid consensus sequence of Nephila clavipes spider silk ([SGRGGLGGQG AGAAAAAGGA GQGGYGGLGSQG](n)) to which one silica binding peptide was fused at the N terminus. For the chemical chimera, 28 equiv of the silica binding peptide were chemically coupled to natural Bombyx mori silk after modification of tyrosine groups by diazonium coupling and EDC/NHS activation of all acid groups. After silica formation under mild, biomaterial-compatible conditions, the effect of peptide addition on the properties of the silk and chimeric silk-silica composite materials was explored. The composite biomaterial properties could be related to the extent of silica condensation and to the higher number of silica binding sites in the chemical chimera as compared with the genetically derived variants. In all cases, the structure of the protein/chimera in solution dictated the type of composite structure that formed with the silica deposition process having little effect on the secondary structural composition of the silk-based materials. Similarly to our study of genetic silk based chimeras containing the R5 peptide (SSKKSGSYSGSKGSKRRIL), the role of the chimeras (genetic and chemical) used in the present study resided more in aggregation and scaffolding than in the catalysis of condensation. The variables of peptide identity, silk construct (number of consensus repeats or silk source), and approach to synthesis (genetic or chemical) can be used to "tune" the properties of the composite materials formed and is a general approach that can be used to prepare a range of materials for biomedical and sensor-based applications.
- Published
- 2017
18. Investigations of the historic textiles excavated from Ancient Ainos (Enez – Turkey) by multiple analytical techniques
- Author
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Tanil Akyuz, Banu Cakan, Sevim Akyüz, and Sait Basaran
- Subjects
Textile ,Secondary Structure ,Mori Silk Fibroin ,Mineralogy ,Analytical Chemistry ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Ft-Ir Spectroscopy ,Sericin ,Spectroscopy ,Films ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Organic Chemistry ,Metallurgy ,Historic textiles ,Proteins ,Ornaments ,Spectra ,Bombyx-Mori ,Bombyx mori silk ,Fibers ,FTIR spectroscopy ,SILK ,business ,Infrared-Spectroscopy ,EDXRF - Abstract
Some metal ornamented textile specimens and a textile button, excavated from Ancient Ainos (Enez Turkey), have been investigated using FTIR and EDXRF spectrometry, for the purpose of material identification. FTIR spectral results indicated that textiles were made from partially degummed Bombyx mod silk. The IR spectral investigation of the textile button revealed that some cellulose fillings were used inside the button. The EDXRF analysis of the metal ornaments showed that they were silver plated copper. Surface morphology of the textiles and the metal ornaments were investigated by SEM images. It was shown that textile fibers were highly degraded. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2014
19. Inheritance of electrophysiological responses to leaf saps of host- and nonhost plants in two helicoverpa species and their hybrids
- Subjects
pieris-rapae ,noctuidae ,gustatory sensitivity ,fungi ,food and beverages ,larvae ,bombyx-mori ,caterpillars ,contact chemoreception ,Laboratorium voor Entomologie ,evolution ,lepidoptera ,recognition cue ,Laboratory of Entomology - Abstract
The polyphagous cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and the oligophagous oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) display contrasting heritable feeding preferences for cotton and pepper leaves. In this study, electrophysiological response patterns to cotton and pepper leaf saps in gustatory sensilla styloconica on the maxillae of these two species, their reciprocal F1 hybrids, and backcrossed lines were investigated using the tip recording technique. The identity of the neurons responding to the two leaf saps has been established using action potential waveform analysis. The two plant leaf saps elicited neural activity in at least six of the eight taste neurons innervating the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica of the parental species and crosses. Discriminant analysis of this multineural input predicted that correct classification occurred in 87 - 92% of the cases. Differences in taste neuron responses between insect lines to the two plant saps were consistent with differences in feeding preference behaviors. Comparisons of taste neuron response patterns of parental species, F1 hybrids and backcrosses indicate that autosomal loci contributed to the difference in gustatory response patterns between the two Helicoverpa species with the H. armigera derived alleles being partly dominant to those carried by H. assulta. These findings contribute to the understanding of gustatory codes for preference and provide insight into taste evolution of lepidopteran insects.
- Published
- 2014
20. RNAi Efficiency, Systemic Properties, and Novel Delivery Methods for Pest Insect Control: What We Know So Far
- Author
-
Mallikarjuna Reddy Joga, Guy Smagghe, Olivier Christiaens, and Moisés João Zotti
- Subjects
RNA interference (RNAi) ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,DESERT LOCUST ,Review ,DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Physiology ,DsRNA uptake ,BACTROCERA-DORSALIS ,Pest insect ,DIABROTICA-VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA ,03 medical and health sciences ,DsRNA delivery ,FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION ,RNA interference ,Physiology (medical) ,Plant virus ,WESTERN CORN-ROOTWORM ,Gene silencing ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,business.industry ,Mechanism (biology) ,fungi ,Pest control ,Biology and Life Sciences ,food and beverages ,systemic RNAi ,SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA ,Biotechnology ,BOMBYX-MORI ,010602 entomology ,RNA silencing ,030104 developmental biology ,uptake ,Pest Control ,delivery ,CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS ,business ,pest control ,RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS ,Transplastomic plant - Abstract
In recent years, the research on the potential of using RNA interference (RNAi) to suppress crop pests has made an outstanding growth. However, given the variability of RNAi efficiency that is observed in many insects, the development of novel approaches towards insect pest management using RNAi requires first to unravel factors behind the efficiency of dsRNA-mediated gene silencing. In this review, we explore essential implications and possibilities to increase RNAi efficiency by delivery of dsRNA through non-transformative methods. We discuss factors influencing the RNAi mechanism in insects and systemic properties of dsRNA. Finally, novel strategies to deliver dsRNA are discussed, including delivery by symbionts, plant viruses, trunk injections, root soaking, and transplastomic plants.
- Published
- 2016
21. Engineering Silkworms for Resistance to Baculovirus Through Multigene RNA Interference
- Author
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Audrey Jalabert, Sriramana Kanginakudru, Bernard Mauchamp, Edupalli V. Subbaiah, V. V. Satyavathi, Ibrahim Basha, V. Sivaprasad, Adari Sobhan Babu, Pierre Couble, Martine DaRocha, Javaregowda Nagaraju, Corinne Royer, Gérard Chavancy, Ctr DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnost Nampally, Partenaires INRAE, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Unité Nationale Séricicole (UNS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre of Excellence (CoE), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, New Delhi., Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (IFCPAR), and Council of Scientific and Industrial research (CSIR), New Delhi
- Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Transgene ,Genetic Vectors ,Silk ,PROTEIN ,Genes, Insect ,Investigations ,Virus ,Animals, Genetically Modified ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,OCCLUSION-DERIVED VIRUS ,RNA interference ,Gene Order ,TRANSCRIPTS ,Sense (molecular biology) ,Genetics ,Animals ,Sericulture ,Transgenes ,NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS ,NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS ,Gene ,TRANSGENIC SILKWORMS ,Bombyx ,P74 ,Infectivity ,biology ,fungi ,IN-VITRO ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Nucleopolyhedroviruses ,BOMBYX-MORI ,DROSOPHILA ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,RNA Interference - Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) that infects the silkworm, B. mori, accounts for >50% of silk cocoon crop losses globally. We speculated that simultaneous targeting of several BmNPV essential genes in transgenic silkworm would elicit a stable defense against the virus. We introduced into the silkworm germline the vectors carrying short sequences of four essential BmNPV genes in tandem, either in sense or antisense or in inverted-repeat arrangement. The transgenic silkworms carrying the inverted repeat-containing transgene showed stable protection against high doses of baculovirus infection. Further, the antiviral trait was incorporated to a commercially productive silkworm strain highly susceptible to BmNPV. This led to combining the high-yielding cocoon and silk traits of the parental commercial strain and a very high level of refractoriness (>75% survival rate as compared to
- Published
- 2013
22. Dry-Spun Silk Produces Native-Like Fibroin Solutions
- Author
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Boulet-Audet, M., Holland, C., Gheysens, T., and Vollrath, F.
- Subjects
PH ,Silk ,Water ,THERMAL-PROPERTIES ,Biocompatible Materials ,TRANSITIONS ,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES ,Bombyx ,Article ,SPIDER SILK ,INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY ,Solutions ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Chemistry ,BIOMATERIAL ,ABSORPTION ,Animals ,WATER ,Protein Conformation, beta-Strand ,Fibroins - Abstract
Silk's outstanding mechanical properties and energy efficient solidification mechanisms provide inspiration for biomaterial self-assembly as well as offering a diverse platform of materials suitable for many biotechnology applications. Experiments now reveal that the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori secretes its silk in a practically "unspun" state that retains much of the solvent water and exhibits a surprisingly low degree of molecular order (beta-sheet crystallinity) compared to the state found in a fully formed and matured fiber. These new observations challenge the general understanding of silk spinning and in particular the role of the spinning duct for structure development. Building on this discovery we report that silk spun in low humidity appears to arrest a molecular annealing process crucial for beta-sheet formation. This, in turn, has significant positive implications, enabling the production of a high fidelity reconstituted silk fibroin with properties akin to the gold standard of unspun native silk.
- Published
- 2016
23. Heritable genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 induces anosmia in a crop pest moth
- Author
-
Christelle Monsempes, Anne De Cian, Marie-Christine François, Fotini Koutroumpa, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Corinne Royer, Jean-Paul Concordet, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon, INRA grant (Plant Health and Environment department), INRA fellowship, Koutroumpa, Fotini, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,bombyx-mori ,Biology ,Spodoptera ,Receptors, Odorant ,Genome ,Article ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,rna interference ,03 medical and health sciences ,Olfaction Disorders ,Genome editing ,medicine ,CRISPR ,Animals ,Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ,Sex Attractants ,Spodoptera littoralis ,gene ,Gene ,drosophila odorant receptors ,spodoptera-littoralis ,targeted mutagenesis ,olfactory receptors ,lepidoptera ,disruption ,nucleases ,Genetics ,Gene Editing ,Multidisciplinary ,Olfactory receptor ,Cas9 ,fungi ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,[SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mutation ,Insect Proteins ,CRISPR-Cas Systems - Abstract
Lepidoptera suffer critical lack of genetic tools and heritable genome edition has been achieved only in a few model species. Here we demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is highly efficient for genome editing in a non-model crop pest Lepidoptera, the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis. We knocked-out the olfactory receptor co-receptor Orco gene to investigate its function in Lepidoptera olfaction. We find that 89.6% of the injected individuals carried Orco mutations, 70% of which transmitted them to the next generation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Orco knockout caused defects in plant odor and sex pheromone olfactory detection in homozygous individuals. Our work genetically defines Orco as an essential OR partner for both host and mate detection in Lepidoptera and demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas9 is a simple and highly efficient genome editing technique in noctuid pests opening new routes for gene function analysis and the development of novel pest control strategies.
- Published
- 2016
24. Construction of a brain-machine hybrid system to evaluate adaptability of an insect
- Author
-
Ryo Minegishi, Atsushi Takashima, Daisuke Kurabayashi, and Ryohei Kanzaki
- Subjects
Computer science ,General Mathematics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Behavioral pattern ,Mobile robot ,MALE SILKWORM MOTH ,BOMBYX-MORI ,DESCENDING INTERNEURONS ,DROSOPHILA ,WALKING ,FLIGHT ,Adaptability ,Computer Science Applications ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Hybrid system ,Pheromone ,Robot ,Biological system ,Software ,Simulation ,media_common - Abstract
Insects perform adaptive behavior according to changing environmental conditions using comparatively small brains. Because adaptability is generated through the relationship among brain, body and environment, it is necessary to examine how a brain works under these conditions. In this study, to understand neural processing involved in adaptive behavior, we constructed a brain-machine hybrid system using motor signals related to the steering behavior of the male silkworm moth for controlling a two-wheeled mobile robot. We developed this hybrid system according to the following steps. (1) We selected steering signals corresponding to walking direction that were activated during neck swinging induced by optic flow and pheromone stimuli. (2) To control a robot by neural activity, we implemented a spike-behavior conversion rule such that frequency of the left and right neck motor neurons' spikes was linearly converted into rotation of the wheels. (3) For electrophysiological multi-unit recordings on a robot, we developed small amplifiers. Using this hybrid system, we could observe the programmed behavioral pattern and orientation toward a pheromone source. Moreover, we compared the orientation behavior of moths and that of the hybrid system at different pheromone stimulus frequencies. From these experiments, we concluded that we could reconstruct silkworm moth behavior on the hybrid system.
- Published
- 2012
25. Insect sex determination
- Subjects
BOMBYX-MORI ,SPLICING ENHANCER ,DOUBLESEX GENE ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,DETERMINING MECHANISMS ,DIMORPHIC EXPRESSION ,DIPTERAN INSECTS ,MUSCA-DOMESTICA ,WASP NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS ,DETERMINATION PATHWAY - Abstract
Insects exhibit a variety of sex determining mechanisms including male or female heterogamety and haplodiploidy. The primary signal that starts sex determination is processed by a cascade of genes ending with the conserved switch doublesex that controls sexual differentiation. Transformer is the doublesex splicing regulator and has been found in all examined insects, indicating its ancestral function as a sex-determining gene. Despite this conserved function, the variation in transformer nucleotide sequence, amino acid composition and protein structure can accommodate a multitude of upstream sex determining signals. Transformer regulation of doublesex and its taxonomic distribution indicate that the doublesex-transformer axis is conserved among all insects and that transformer is the key gene around which variation in sex determining mechanisms has evolved.
- Published
- 2010
26. Insect sex determination
- Author
-
Leo W. Beukeboom, Eveline C. Verhulst, and Louis van de Zande
- Subjects
Male ,animal structures ,DETERMINING MECHANISMS ,Doublesex ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Regulator ,Sequence alignment ,WASP NASONIA-VITRIPENNIS ,SPLICING ENHANCER ,Genetics ,Animals ,Drosophila Proteins ,DIPTERAN INSECTS ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,MUSCA-DOMESTICA ,DETERMINATION PATHWAY ,Regulation of gene expression ,Sexual differentiation ,Ploidies ,biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Nuclear Proteins ,Sex Determination Processes ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,BOMBYX-MORI ,DOUBLESEX GENE ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,Haplodiploidy ,Drosophila ,Female ,DIMORPHIC EXPRESSION ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Sequence Alignment ,Developmental Biology ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Insects exhibit a variety of sex determining mechanisms including male or female heterogamety and haplodiploidy. The primary signal that starts sex determination is processed by a cascade of genes ending with the conserved switch doublesex that controls sexual differentiation. Transformer is the doublesex splicing regulator and has been found in all examined insects, indicating its ancestral function as a sex-determining gene. Despite this conserved function, the variation in transformer nucleotide sequence, amino acid composition and protein structure can accommodate a multitude of upstream sex determining signals. Transformer regulation of doublesex and its taxonomic distribution indicate that the doublesex-transformer axis is conserved among all insects and that transformer is the key gene around which variation in sex determining mechanisms has evolved.
- Published
- 2010
27. Comparative AFLP reveals paternal sex ratio chromosome specific DNA sequences in the parasitoid waspTrichogramma kaykai
- Author
-
J.J.F.A. van Vugt, P.G.H. Verbaarschot, Richard Stouthamer, H. de Jong, Andrea J. Pruijssers, and R.G.M. van der Hulst
- Subjects
Male ,psr ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Wasps ,Retrotransposon ,bombyx-mori ,Biology ,Laboratorium voor Erfelijkheidsleer ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Genetic analysis ,Genome ,selfish b-chromosome ,molecular characterization ,Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,Genetics ,Animals ,Sex Ratio ,Laboratory of Entomology ,Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ,Molecular Biology ,B chromosome ,Sex Chromosomes ,Base Sequence ,EPS-4 ,retrotransposon ,rye secale-cereale ,transmission ,Chromosome Mapping ,Chromosome ,General Medicine ,Amplicon ,Laboratorium voor Entomologie ,crepis-capillaris ,Plant Breeding ,Blotting, Southern ,elements ,nasonia-vitripennis ,Genetic marker ,Laboratory of Genetics ,Amplified fragment length polymorphism ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The parasitoid wasp Trichogramma kaykai with a haplo-diploid sex determination has a B chromosome called the paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosome that confers paternal genome loss during early embryogenesis, resulting in male offspring. So far, it is not well known whether the PSR chromosome has unique DNA sequence characteristics. By compa- rative AFLP fingerprinting of genomic DNA from wasps with and without the PSR chromosome, we isolated DNA from PSR-specific bands. Fourteen of such DNA fragments were analysed to confirm their PSR specificity. Seven were se- quenced and two (PT-AFLP 1 and PT-AFLP1 3) were identified as parts of retrotransposon genes based on BLAST searches. Internal primers designed from a third AFLP fragment allowed PCR amplification of a PSR chromosome specific marker, which can be used to screen for the PSR trait in male wasps. Southern analysis revealed a dispersed repetitive na- ture of this third sequence in the T. kaykai genome, suggesting that it is part of a transposon. A fourth AFLP fragment (PT-AFLP 5) appears to be a large repetitive sequence on the PSR chromosome. This sequence is also found in the ge- nome of both T. kaykai and the closely related species Trichogramma deion, but its distribution on the PSR chromosome strongly resembles that of T. deion rather than that of T. kaykai. Our results provide further insight into the repetitive na- ture of sequences comprising B chromosomes and their similarities with their host and closely related species. Resume´ : La guepe parasitoo¨de Trichogramma kaykai presente un systeme de determination du sexe haplo-diploo¨de ouun chromosomes B, appelechromosome sexuel paternel (PSR), confere la perte du genome paternel au cours des premiers stades de l'embryogenese et resulte en une descendance male. Il n'est pas bien clair ace jour si le chromosome PSR pre ´- sente des caracteristiques uniques au niveau de sa sequence d'ADN. Par comparaison des empreintes AFLP obtenues avec l'ADN genomique provenant de guepes avec ou sans chromosome PSR, les auteurs ont isolel'ADN des amplicons specifi- ques au PSR. Quatorze de ces amplicons ont eteanalyses pour confirmer qu'ils etaient specifiques du PSR. Sept ont ete ´ sequencese t il aetetrouveque deux de ceux-ci (PT-AFLP 1 et PT-AFLP 3) correspondaient ades sequences geniques partielles de retrotransposons sur la base de recherches BLAST. Des amorces internes synthetisees apartir d'un troisieme amplicon AFLP ont permis d'amplifier un marqueur specifique du chromosome PSR, lequel permet d'identifier ce carac- tere chez les guepes males. Une analyse Southern a reveleque cette sequence etait repetee et dispersee dans le genome du T. kaykai, ce qui suggere qu'il s'agit d'un segment de transposon. Un quatrieme fragment AFLP (PT-AFLP 5) semble cor- respondre a une grande sequence repetee sur le chromosome PSR. Cette sequence est presente tant dans les genomes du T. kaykai que de l'espece voisine Trichogramma deion, bien que sa distribution sur le chromosome PSR ressemble davantage acelle observee chez le T. deion que chez le T. kaykai. Ces resultats apportent un eclairage additionnel sur la nature repe ´- titive des sequences constituant le chromosome PSR et leur similitude avec les sequences de l'hote et d'especes apparen- tees. Mots-cles : Trichogramma kaykai, chromosome PSR, chromosome B, AFLP, retrotransposon.
- Published
- 2009
28. Some Mechanistic Insights into the Gelation of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Sol
- Author
-
Jayesh R. Bellare, Shailesh P. Nagarkar, R. A. Mashelkar, Suresh Bhat, Ashish K. Lele, and Avinash J. Patil
- Subjects
Scaffolds ,Gland ,Rheological Behavior ,Silk fiber ,Lithium bromide ,General Chemical Engineering ,fungi ,Kinetics ,Structural protein ,Proteins ,Induction time ,Fibroin ,Hydrogels ,General Chemistry ,Bombyx-Mori ,Gene ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid ,Rheometry ,chemistry ,Rheology ,In-Vitro ,Polymer chemistry - Abstract
We provide some new insights into the kinetics and mechanism of sol-gel transition as it pertains to regenerated silk fibroin, which is the principle structural protein of silkworm silk fiber. Silk fibroin was dissolved in lithium bromide and dialyzed against deionized water to prepare a regenerated fibroin solution. This solution was found to be unstable at lower pH and transformed into a colloidal gel. The kinetics and mechanism of the sol-gel transition were investigated using rheology and light scattering. We show that gelation proceeds in two steps. In the first step, a weak gel is formed almost immediately upon lowering the pH, while in the second step further gelation proceeds rapidly after a long induction time to form a self-similar structure.
- Published
- 2009
29. Critical evaluation of the use of bioinformatics as a theoretical tool to find high-potential sources of ACE inhibitory peptides
- Author
-
Lieselot Vercruysse, Maté Ongenaert, Guy Smagghe, Aart van Amerongen, John Van Camp, and Arie van der Bent
- Subjects
separation ,Physiology ,In silico ,Molecular Sequence Data ,pea ,hydrolysate ,Muscle Proteins ,Peptide ,Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ,bombyx-mori ,Biology ,digestion ,Bioinformatics ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,Biochemistry ,Homology (biology) ,whey-protein ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Endocrinology ,Phylogenetics ,Bombyx mori ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Actin ,Phylogeny ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,AFSG Food Quality ,fungi ,Computational Biology ,Angiotensin-converting enzyme ,sequence ,biology.organism_classification ,Bombyx ,Actins ,i-converting-enzyme ,chemistry ,skeletal-muscle proteins ,AFSG Biobased Products ,biology.protein ,Insect Proteins ,hydrolyzate ,Peptides - Abstract
A bioinformatics analysis to screen for high-potential sources of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides was conducted in the area of insect muscle proteins. Vertebrate muscle proteins are reported as good sources of ACE inhibitory peptides, while the research on invertebrate muscle proteins is limited. A phylogenetic tree constructed with actin sequences of both vertebrate and invertebrate species indicated a high homology. Furthermore, a quantitative in silico ACE inhibition analysis suggested that actin proteins of invertebrates have potentials as new sources of ACE inhibitory peptides. On one insect, Bombyx mori, a more detailed in silico analysis was done followed by a small experimental study. The in silico analysis indicated B. mori as a high-potential source of ACE inhibitory peptides and this was supported by the ACE inhibitory activity of the partially purified actin preparation. In conclusion, in food science, in silico analysis can be used as fast initial screening tool to look for high-potential sources of ACE inhibitory peptides and other peptidic bioactivities.
- Published
- 2009
30. Functional analysis of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus IAP1 and IAP2
- Author
-
Xinwen Chen, Just M. Vlak, Jianhua Song, Fang Nan, Qian Wang, XianDong Zeng, and Changyong Liang
- Subjects
Programmed cell death ,animal structures ,viruses ,Laboratory of Virology ,Apoptosis ,bombyx-mori ,Spodoptera ,Virus Replication ,apoptosis proteins ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,in-vivo ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell Line ,Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ,Laboratorium voor Virologie ,Viral Proteins ,host-range ,multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus ,Gene expression ,Animals ,Gene ,Sequence Deletion ,General Environmental Science ,biology ,fungi ,Gene Amplification ,Virion ,Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,PE&RC ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,Nucleopolyhedroviruses ,cell-death ,inhibitor ,Autographa californica ,Viral replication ,Cell culture ,nuclear polyhedrosis-virus ,single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus ,baculovirus gene ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
The Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) contains three apoptosis suppressor genes: p35, iap1 and iap2. AcMNPV P35 functions as a pancaspase inhibitor, but the function of IAP1 and IAP2 has not been entirely resolved. In this paper, we analyze the function of IAP1 and IAP2 in detail. AcMNPV with p35-deletion inhibited the apoptosis of BTI-Tn-5B1-4 (Tn-Hi5) cells induced by a Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid NPV (HearNPV) infection and rescued the replication of HearNPV and BV production in these cells. Transient-expression experiments indicated that both IAP1 and IAP2 suppress apoptosis of Tn-Hi5 cells during HearNPV infection. Recombinant HearNPVs expressing AcMNPV iap1, iap2 and p35, respectively, not only prevented apoptosis but also allowed HearNPV to replicate in Tn-Hi5 cells. However, the iap1, iap2 and p35 genes when expressed in HearNPV were unable to rescue BV production. These results indicate that both AcMNPV iap1 and iap2 function independently as apoptosis inhibitors of and are potential host range factors.
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- 2009
31. Insulin-like peptides in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera): Detection, localization and identification
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X. Chen, Sandrien Van de Velde, Luc Vanden Bosch, Ilse Claeys, Jozef Vanden Broeck, Liesbeth Badisco, Guy Smagghe, and Peter Verleyen
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PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE ,medicine.medical_treatment ,insulin-related peptides ,RECEPTOR HOMOLOG ,Insect ,LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA ,Homology (biology) ,Endocrinology ,Insulin ,Tissue Distribution ,Cloning, Molecular ,Cellular localization ,LIFE-SPAN ,media_common ,Whole mount ,biology ,Brain ,Spodoptera littoralis ,insulin-like peptides ,BOMBYX-MORI ,CLEAVAGE SITES ,Biochemistry ,cotton leafworm ,Insect Hormones ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Molecular Sequence Data ,SAMIA-CYNTHIA-RICINI ,NEUROSECRETORY-CELLS ,Spodoptera ,Peptide hormone ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Science & Technology ,Base Sequence ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Neuropeptides ,biology.organism_classification ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,SIGNAL PEPTIDES ,bombyxin ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Insulin is an extensively studied peptide hormone in mammals. However, insulin is not restricted to vertebrates, but has also been identified in invertebrates, among whom several insect species. These insulin-like peptides (ILPs) show structural and-at least some-functional homology with mammalian insulin and act through a conserved pathway. Yet many aspects of insulin function in insects remain to be unveiled. We analyzed the presence of ILPs in the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, at two levels: (1) cellular localization of ILPs in whole tissues of the central nervous system from S. littoralis, and (2) detection and identification of ILPs at nucleotide level. To our knowledge, nothing about the presence of ILPs in S. littoralis has been described so far. By whole mount in situ immunolocalization, we localized bombyxin-like material in S. littoralis in four pairs of pars intercerebralis cells and in the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum complexes. In addition, we have cloned two different S. littoralis ILP precursor cDNAs by a combination of PCR and RAcE. The corresponding precursor polypeptides ('Sl-ILPP1' and 'Sl-ILPP2') show significant sequence homology with precursors for bombyxin and other bombyxin-related peptides. Our results strongly suggest that the S. littoralis ILPs belong to the category of bombyxin-analogs. ispartof: General and Comparative Endocrinology vol:153 issue:1 pages:72-9 ispartof: location:ENGLAND, Univ Sheffield, Sheffield status: published
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- 2007
32. Resolution of sex chromosome constitution by genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization with (TTAGG) n telomeric probe in some species of Lepidoptera
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Atsuo Yoshido, František Marec, and Ken Sahara
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y-chromosomes ,Heterochromatin ,Population ,bombyx-mori ,Moths ,Biology ,system ,Bivalent (genetics) ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,Species Specificity ,evolution ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,insects ,education ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Phylogeny ,Genetics (clinical) ,education.field_of_study ,Sex Chromosomes ,Autosome ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chromosome ,Karyotype ,differentiation ,females ,Telomere ,sequence ,Biological Evolution ,Molecular biology ,Lepidoptera ,karyotype ,Larva ,chromatin ,Female ,Fluorescence in situ hybridization - Abstract
We have developed a simple method to resolve the sex chromosome constitution in females of Lepidoptera by using a combination of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization with (TTAGG) n telomeric probe (telomere-FISH). In pachytene configurations of sex chromosomes, GISH differentiated W heterochromatin and telomere-FISH detected the chromosome ends. With this method we showed that Antheraea yamamai has a standard system with a fully differentiated W–Z sex chromosome pair. In Orgyia antiqua, we confirmed the presence of neo-W and neo-Z chromosomes, which most probably originated by fusion of the ancestral W and Z with an autosome pair. In contrast to earlier data, Orgyia thyellina females displayed a neo-ZW1W2 sex chromosome constitution. A neo-WZ1Z2 trivalent was found in females of Samia cynthia subsp. indet., originating from a population in Nagano, Japan. Whereas another subspecies collected in Sapporo, Japan, and determined as S. cynthia walkeri, showed a neo-W/neo-Z bivalent similar to O. antiqua, and the subspecies S. cynthia ricini showed a Z univalent (a Z/ZZ system). The combination of GISH and telomere-FISH enabled us to acquire not only reliable information about sex chromosome constitution but also an insight into sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera.
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- 2005
33. Increased production of piRNAs from euchromatic clusters and genes in Anopheles gambiae compared with Drosophila melanogaster
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George, Phillip, Jensen, Silke, Pogorelcnik, Romain, Lee, Jiyoung, Xing, Yi, Brasset, Emilie, Vaury, Chantal, Sharakhov, Igor V., George, Phillip, Jensen, Silke, Pogorelcnik, Romain, Lee, Jiyoung, Xing, Yi, Brasset, Emilie, Vaury, Chantal, and Sharakhov, Igor V.
- Abstract
Background Specific genomic loci, termed Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters, manufacture piRNAs that serve as guides for the inactivation of complementary transposable elements (TEs). The piRNA pathway has been accurately detailed in Drosophila melanogaster, while it remains poorly examined in other insects. This pathway is increasingly recognized as critical for germline development and reproduction. Understanding of the piRNA functions in mosquitoes could offer an opportunity for disease vector control by the reduction of their reproductive potential. Results To analyze the similarities and differences in this pathway between Drosophila and mosquito, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genomic loci producing piRNAs and their targets in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. We identified 187 piRNA clusters in the An. gambiae genome and 155 piRNA clusters in the D. melanogaster genome. We demonstrate that many more piRNA clusters in the mosquito compared with the fruit fly are uni-directionally transcribed and are located outside pericentromeric heterochromatin. About 11 % of the An. gambiae piRNA population map to gene transcripts. This is a noticeable increase compared with the ~6 % of the piRNA population mapped to genes in D. melanogaster. A subset of the piRNA-enriched genes in An. gambiae has functions related to reproduction and development. At least 24 and 65 % of the mapped piRNAs correspond to genomic TE sequences in An. gambiae and D. melanogaster, respectively. DNA transposons and non-LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in An. gambiae, while LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in D. melanogaster. Yet, piRNAs predominantly target LTR retrotransposons in both species, which may point to a distinct feature of these elements compared to the other classes of TEs concerning their silencing by the piRNA pathway. Conclusions Here, we demonstrate that piRNA-producing loci have more ubiquitous distribution in the An. gambiae genome than in th
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Increased production of piRNAs from euchromatic clusters and genes in Anopheles gambiae compared with Drosophila melanogaster
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Entomology, George, Phillip, Jensen, Silke, Pogorelcnik, Romain, Lee, Jiyoung, Xing, Yi, Brasset, Emilie, Vaury, Chantal, Sharakhov, Igor V., Entomology, George, Phillip, Jensen, Silke, Pogorelcnik, Romain, Lee, Jiyoung, Xing, Yi, Brasset, Emilie, Vaury, Chantal, and Sharakhov, Igor V.
- Abstract
Background Specific genomic loci, termed Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters, manufacture piRNAs that serve as guides for the inactivation of complementary transposable elements (TEs). The piRNA pathway has been accurately detailed in Drosophila melanogaster, while it remains poorly examined in other insects. This pathway is increasingly recognized as critical for germline development and reproduction. Understanding of the piRNA functions in mosquitoes could offer an opportunity for disease vector control by the reduction of their reproductive potential. Results To analyze the similarities and differences in this pathway between Drosophila and mosquito, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genomic loci producing piRNAs and their targets in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. We identified 187 piRNA clusters in the An. gambiae genome and 155 piRNA clusters in the D. melanogaster genome. We demonstrate that many more piRNA clusters in the mosquito compared with the fruit fly are uni-directionally transcribed and are located outside pericentromeric heterochromatin. About 11 % of the An. gambiae piRNA population map to gene transcripts. This is a noticeable increase compared with the ~6 % of the piRNA population mapped to genes in D. melanogaster. A subset of the piRNA-enriched genes in An. gambiae has functions related to reproduction and development. At least 24 and 65 % of the mapped piRNAs correspond to genomic TE sequences in An. gambiae and D. melanogaster, respectively. DNA transposons and non-LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in An. gambiae, while LTR retrotransposons are more abundant in D. melanogaster. Yet, piRNAs predominantly target LTR retrotransposons in both species, which may point to a distinct feature of these elements compared to the other classes of TEs concerning their silencing by the piRNA pathway. Conclusions Here, we demonstrate that piRNA-producing loci have more ubiquitous distribution in the An. gambiae genome than in th
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- 2015
35. Background odour induces adaptation and sensitization of olfactory receptors in the antennae of houseflies
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housefly control ,MOTHS ,FLIES ,TSETSE ,ANTHERAEA-POLYPHEMUS ,odour sensitivity ,PHEROMONE-BINDING-PROTEIN ,BOMBYX-MORI ,ODORS ,CELLS ,Musca domestica ,MUSCA-DOMESTICA ,olfaction ,RESPONSES - Abstract
The presence of background odour was found to have a small but significant effect on the sensitivity of the antennal olfactory system of houseflies, Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae), to new pulses of odour. We show that cross-adaptation and cross-sensitization between a background odour of (+/-)-1-octen-3-ol and pulses of (+/-)-1-octen-3-ol, 2 pentanone and R-(+)-limonene can occur, confirming that olfactory receptor cells are sensitive to different odours. Background odour can increase the responses to low concentration odour pulses and decrease the responses to higher concentration odour pulses. It is suggested that background odour has a larger effect on olfactory receptor cells that respond with a tonic increase of spike frequency, giving information about the level of odour concentration, i.e. the 'static' environment. Cells that respond in a phasic way only provide information on the dynamics of the olfactory environment.
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- 2002
36. Inheritance of electrophysiological responses to leaf saps of host- and nonhost plants in two helicoverpa species and their hybrids
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Tang, Q.B., Huang, L.Q., Wang, C.Z., Tang, Q.B.T., Zhan, H., and van Loon, J.J.A.
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pieris-rapae ,noctuidae ,gustatory sensitivity ,fungi ,food and beverages ,larvae ,bombyx-mori ,caterpillars ,contact chemoreception ,Laboratorium voor Entomologie ,evolution ,lepidoptera ,recognition cue ,Laboratory of Entomology - Abstract
The polyphagous cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and the oligophagous oriental tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) display contrasting heritable feeding preferences for cotton and pepper leaves. In this study, electrophysiological response patterns to cotton and pepper leaf saps in gustatory sensilla styloconica on the maxillae of these two species, their reciprocal F1 hybrids, and backcrossed lines were investigated using the tip recording technique. The identity of the neurons responding to the two leaf saps has been established using action potential waveform analysis. The two plant leaf saps elicited neural activity in at least six of the eight taste neurons innervating the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica of the parental species and crosses. Discriminant analysis of this multineural input predicted that correct classification occurred in 87 - 92% of the cases. Differences in taste neuron responses between insect lines to the two plant saps were consistent with differences in feeding preference behaviors. Comparisons of taste neuron response patterns of parental species, F1 hybrids and backcrosses indicate that autosomal loci contributed to the difference in gustatory response patterns between the two Helicoverpa species with the H. armigera derived alleles being partly dominant to those carried by H. assulta. These findings contribute to the understanding of gustatory codes for preference and provide insight into taste evolution of lepidopteran insects.
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- 2014
37. Cocoon of the silkworm Antheraea pernyi as an example of a thermally insulating biological interface.
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Jin,X, Zhang,J, Gao,W, Li,J, Wang,X, Jin,X, Zhang,J, Gao,W, Li,J, and Wang,X
- Abstract
Biological materials are hierarchically organized complex composites, which embrace multiple practical functionalities. As an example, the wild silkworm cocoon provides multiple protective functions against environmental and physical hazards, promoting the survival chance of moth pupae that resides inside. In the present investigation, the microstructure and thermal property of the Chinese tussah silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) cocoon in both warm and cold environments under windy conditions have been studied by experimental and numerical methods. A new computational fluid dynamics model has been developed according to the original fibrous structure of the Antheraea pernyi cocoon to simulate the unique heat transfer process through the cocoon wall. The structure of the Antheraea pernyi cocoon wall can promote the disorderness of the interior air, which increases the wind resistance by stopping most of the air flowing into the cocoon. The Antheraea pernyi cocoon is wind-proof due to the mineral crystals deposited on the outer layer surface and its hierarchical structure with low porosity and high tortuosity. The research findings have important implications to enhancing the thermal function of biomimetic protective textiles and clothing.
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- 2014
38. A Comparison of the Olfactory Gene Repertoires of Adults and Larvae in the Noctuid Moth Spodoptera littoralis
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Nicolas Montagné, Fabrice Legeai, Erwan Poivet, Aurore Gallot, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Nicolas Glaser, Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication (PISC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie de l'Insecte, Signalisation et Communication [Versailles] (PISC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Male ,Gene Expression ,Genes, Insect ,Insect ,anophèles gambiae ,Transcriptomes ,Transcriptome ,0302 clinical medicine ,Morphogenesis ,Cluster Analysis ,media_common ,Genetics ,Heliothis-Virescens ,0303 health sciences ,Larva ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Odorant-Binding-Protein ,Manduca-Sexta ,Genomics ,Multiple Sequence Alignment ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,Sensory Systems ,Smell ,Medicine ,Pheromone ,Female ,récepteur ,Research Article ,phéromone sexuelle ,Arthropod Antennae ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Chemosensory Proteins ,Spodoptera ,Biology ,Sex-Pheromone Receptor ,bombyx mori ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genome Analysis Tools ,Botany ,Animals ,Caterpillar ,Spodoptera littoralis ,Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,Mosquito Anopheles-Gambiae ,Olfactory System ,Chemical Ecology ,Expression Pattern ,Bombyx-Mori ,Gene Expression Profiling ,fungi ,Computational Biology ,Molecular Sequence Annotation ,Olfactory Perception ,biology.organism_classification ,heliothis virescens ,Gene expression profiling ,[INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM] ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Zoology ,Entomology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Developmental Biology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
International audience; To better understand the olfactory mechanisms in a lepidopteran pest model species, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, we have recently established a partial transcriptome from adult antennae. Here, we completed this transcriptome using next generation sequencing technologies, namely 454 and Illumina, on both adult antennae and larval tissues, including caterpillar antennae and maxillary palps. All sequences were assembled in 77,643 contigs. Their analysis greatly enriched the repertoire of chemosensory genes in this species, with a total of 57 candidate odorant-binding and chemosensory proteins, 47 olfactory receptors, 6 gustatory receptors and 17 ionotropic receptors. Using RT-PCR, we conducted the first exhaustive comparison of olfactory gene expression between larvae and adults in a lepidopteran species. All the 127 candidate olfactory genes were profiled for expression in male and female adult antennae and in caterpillar antennae and maxillary palps. We found that caterpillars expressed a smaller set of olfactory genes than adults, with a large overlap between these two developmental stages. Two binding proteins appeared to be larvae-specific and two others were adult-specific. Interestingly, comparison between caterpillar antennae and maxillary palps revealed numerous organ-specific transcripts, suggesting the complementary involvement of these two organs in larval chemosensory detection. Adult males and females shared the same set of olfactory transcripts, except two male-specific candidate pheromone receptors, two male-specific and two female-specific odorant-binding proteins. This study identified transcripts that may be important for sex-specific or developmental stage-specific chemosensory behaviors.
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- 2013
39. Female behaviour drives expression and evolution of gustatory receptors in butterflies
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Chris D. Jiggins, James Mallet, James R. Walters, Simon H. Martin, Aide Macias-Muñoz, Furong Yuan, Krzysztof M. Kozak, Laura Ferguson, Adriana D. Briscoe, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra, Gabriel A. Jamie, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Biology, Stanford University [Stanford], Department of Zoologie, State University of New York (SUNY), University of Oxford [Oxford]-Edward Grey Institute, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University [Cambridge], Department of genetics, Evolution and Environnement, University College of London [London] (UCL), Physiologie de l'Insecte, Signalisation et Communication [Versailles] (PISC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Stanford University
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Male ,0106 biological sciences ,Cancer Research ,Oviposition ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Genome, Insect ,Gene Expression ,Insect ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Gene Duplication ,Odorant Receptors ,Gene duplication ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Heliconius ,Drosophila Proteins ,Drosophila-Melanogaster ,Genome Sequencing ,évolution ,Phylogeny ,Genetics (clinical) ,Moth Heliothis-Virescens ,media_common ,Genetics ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Heliconius Butterflies ,Anopheles-Gambiae ,Life Sciences ,Taste Perception ,Genomics ,Sensory Systems ,Heliconius melpomene ,Chemoreceptor Superfamily ,Olfactory Receptors ,Female ,Research Article ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Molecular Evolution ,Evolution, Molecular ,Molecular Genetics ,03 medical and health sciences ,evolution ,papillon ,Animals ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Comparative genomics ,Evolutionary Biology ,Olfactory System ,butterflies ,récepteurs sensoriels ,Human evolutionary genetics ,fungi ,Genomic Evolution ,Feeding Behavior ,Comparative Genomics ,biology.organism_classification ,gustatory receptor ,behaviour drives expression ,Bombyx-Mori ,Gustatory System ,Candidate Taste Receptors ,lcsh:Genetics ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Secondary plant compounds are strong deterrents of insect oviposition and feeding, but may also be attractants for specialist herbivores. These insect-plant interactions are mediated by insect gustatory receptors (Grs) and olfactory receptors (Ors). An analysis of the reference genome of the butterfly Heliconius melpomene, which feeds on passion-flower vines (Passiflora spp.), together with whole-genome sequencing within the species and across the Heliconius phylogeny has permitted an unprecedented opportunity to study the patterns of gene duplication and copy-number variation (CNV) among these key sensory genes. We report in silico gene predictions of 73 Gr genes in the H. melpomene reference genome, including putative CO2, sugar, sugar alcohol, fructose, and bitter receptors. The majority of these Grs are the result of gene duplications since Heliconius shared a common ancestor with the monarch butterfly or the silkmoth. Among Grs but not Ors, CNVs are more common within species in those gene lineages that have also duplicated over this evolutionary time-scale, suggesting ongoing rapid gene family evolution. Deep sequencing (∼1 billion reads) of transcriptomes from proboscis and labial palps, antennae, and legs of adult H. melpomene males and females indicates that 67 of the predicted 73 Gr genes and 67 of the 70 predicted Or genes are expressed in these three tissues. Intriguingly, we find that one-third of all Grs show female-biased gene expression (n = 26) and nearly all of these (n = 21) are Heliconius-specific Grs. In fact, a significant excess of Grs that are expressed in female legs but not male legs are the result of recent gene duplication. This difference in Gr gene expression diversity between the sexes is accompanied by a striking sexual dimorphism in the abundance of gustatory sensilla on the forelegs of H. melpomene, suggesting that female oviposition behaviour drives the evolution of new gustatory receptors in butterfly genomes., Author Summary Insects and their chemically-defended hostplants engage in a co-evolutionary arms race but the genetic basis by which suitable host plants are identified by insects is poorly understood. Host plant specializations require specialized sensors by the insects to exploit novel ecological niches. Adult male and female Heliconius butterflies feed on nectar and, unusually for butterflies, on pollen from flowers while their larvae feed on the leaves of passion-flower vines. We have discovered–between sub-species of butterflies-fixed differences in copy-number variation among several putative sugar receptor genes that are located on different chromosomes, raising the possibility of local adaptation around the detection of sugars. We also show that the legs of adult female butterflies, which are used by females when selecting a host plant on which to lay their eggs, express more gustatory (taste) receptor genes than those of male butterflies. These female-biased taste receptors show a significantly higher level of gene duplication than a set of taste receptors expressed in both sexes. Sex-limited behaviour may therefore influence the long-term evolution of physiologically important gene families resulting in a strong genomic signature of ecological adaptation.
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- 2013
40. A proteomic investigation of soluble olfactory proteins in Anopheles gambiae
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Gloriano Moneti, Paolo Pelosi, Alessandra della Torre, Beniamino Caputo, Francesca Romana Dani, Simona Sagona, Guido Mastrobuoni, Antonio Felicioli, Stefan Kempa, Alberto Niccolini, Immacolata Iovinella, Francesca Boscaro, Huili Qiao, and Marta Rodriguez Orejuela
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Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Arthropod Antennae ,Male ,Proteomics ,crystal-structure ,regenerating legs ,odorant-binding-protein ,malaria-transmitting mosquito ,repellent deet ,chemosensory proteins ,mechanism ,ligand-binding ,bombyx-mori ,pheromone-sensitive neurons ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anopheles gambiae ,Protein domain ,lcsh:Medicine ,Insect ,Receptors, Odorant ,Bioinformatics ,Biochemistry ,Genome ,insect chemical communication ,Receptors ,Anopheles ,Animals ,lcsh:Science ,Gene ,media_common ,Female ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Insect Proteins ,Sex Characteristics ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all) ,Medicine (all) ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,fungi ,lcsh:R ,biology.organism_classification ,Gene expression profiling ,Odorant ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases ,lcsh:Q ,Technology Platforms ,Research Article - Abstract
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are small soluble polypeptides that bind semiochemicals in the lymph of insect chemosensilla. In the genome of Anopheles gambiae, 66 genes encode OBPs and 8 encode CSPs. Here we monitored their expression through classical proteomics (2D gel-MS analysis) and a shotgun approach. The latter method proved much more sensitive and therefore more suitable for tiny biological samples as mosquitoes antennae and eggs. Females express a larger number and higher quantities of OBPs in their antennae than males (24 vs 19). OBP9 is the most abundant in the antennae of both sexes, as well as in larvae, pupae and eggs. Of the 8 CSPs, 4 were detected in antennae, while SAP3 was the only one expressed in larvae. Our proteomic results are in fairly good agreement with data of RNA expression reported in the literature, except for OBP4 and OBP5, that we could not identify in our analysis, nor could we detect in Western Blot experiments. The relatively limited number of soluble olfactory proteins expressed at relatively high levels in mosquitoes makes further studies on the coding of chemical messages at the OBP level more accessible, providing for few specific targets. Identification of such proteins in Anopheles gambiae might facilitate future studies on host finding behavior in this important disease vector.
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- 2013
41. The possible impact of persistent virus infection on the function of the RNAi machinery in insects: a hypothesis
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Jozef Vanden Broeck, Guy Smagghe, and Luc Swevers
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RNA virus ,Physiology ,viruses ,DESERT LOCUST ,DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA ,Dengue virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Physiology ,RNA interference ,Physiology (medical) ,SMALL SILENCING RNAS ,medicine ,Gene silencing ,insects ,DENGUE VIRUS ,Caenorhabditis elegans ,Innate immune system ,lcsh:QP1-981 ,FLOCK HOUSE VIRUS ,biology ,fungi ,Biology and Life Sciences ,RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Hypothesis and Theory Article ,SCHISTOCERCA-GREGARIA ,Cell biology ,Insects ,persistent virus infection ,BOMBYX-MORI ,RNA silencing ,CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS ,RNAi ,innate immune response ,ANTIVIRAL IMMUNITY ,Pest Control ,CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS ,pest control - Abstract
RNAi experiments in insects are characterized by great variability in efficiency; for instance beetles and locusts are very amenable to dsRNA-mediated gene silencing, while other insect groups, most notably lepidopterans, are more refractory to RNAi. Several factors can be forwarded that could affect the efficiency of RNAi, such as the composition and function of the intracellular RNAi machinery, the mechanism of dsRNA uptake, the presence of dsRNA- and siRNA-degrading enzymes and non-specific activation of the innate immune response. In this essay, we investigate the evidence whether persistent infection with RNA viruses could be a major factor that affects the response to exogenous dsRNA in insects. The occurrence of RNA viruses in different insect groups will be discussed, as well as several mechanisms by which viruses could interfere with the process of RNAi. Finally, the impact of RNA virus infection on the design of dsRNA-based insect control strategies will be considered. ispartof: Frontiers in Physiology vol:4 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published
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- 2013
42. Virtual Screening of Plant Volatile Compounds Reveals a High Affinity ofHylamorpha elegans(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Odorant-Binding Proteins for Sesquiterpenes From Its Native Host
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Ana Mutis, Osvaldo Yañez, Angélica González-González, Maximiliano Rojas, Andrés Quiroz, Claudio C. Ramírez, Rubén Palma-Millanao, and Herbert Venthur
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Male ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Integrated pest management ,Odorant binding ,Fagaceae ,Ligands ,Receptors, Odorant ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,01 natural sciences ,CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,MM/GBSA ,Drug discovery ,General Medicine ,protein prediction ,MOSQUITO ,Nothofagus obliqua ,Amino acid ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Coleoptera ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Biochemistry ,LIGAND-BINDING ,SIMULATION ,Protein prediction ,Female ,Sesquiterpenes ,Research Article ,Molecular Sequence Data ,CHEMICAL ECOLOGY ,Molecular dynamics ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Botany ,Animals ,Pest Control, Biological ,Volatile Organic Compounds ,Virtual screening ,Base Sequence ,Host (biology) ,RECOGNITION ,biology.organism_classification ,insect olfaction ,ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE ,molecular dynamics ,Insect olfaction ,010602 entomology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,RELEASE MECHANISM ,PEST analysis - Abstract
Indexación: Web of Science Hylamorpha elegans (Burmeister) is a native Chilean scarab beetle considered to be a relevant agricultural pest to pasture and cereal and small fruit crops. Because of their cryptic habits, control with conventional methods is difficult; therefore, alternative and environmentally friendly control strategies are highly desirable. The study of proteins that participate in the recognition of odorants, such as odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), offers interesting opportunities to identify new compounds with the potential to modify pest behavior and computational screening of compounds, which is commonly used in drug discovery, may help to accelerate the discovery of new semiochemicals. Here, we report the discovery of four OBPs in H. elegans as well as six new volatiles released by its native host Nothofagus obliqua (Mirbel). Molecular docking performed between OBPs and new and previously reported volatiles from N. obliqua revealed the best binding energy values for sesquiterpenic compounds. Despite remarkable divergence at the amino acid level, three of the four OBPs evaluated exhibited the best interaction energy for the same ligands. Molecular dynamics investigation reinforced the importance of sesquiterpenes, showing that hydrophobic residues of the OBPs interacted most frequently with the tested ligands, and binding free energy calculations demonstrated van der Waals and hydrophobic interactions to be the most important. Altogether, the results suggest that sesquiterpenes are interesting candidates for in vitro and in vivo assays to assess their potential application in pest management strategies. http://jinsectscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/1/30
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- 2016
43. Broad activity against porcine bacterial pathogens displayed by two insect antimicrobial peptides moricin and cecropin B
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Hu, Han, Wang, Chunmei, Guo, Xiaozhen, Li, Wentao, Wang, Yang, He, Qigai, LS Virologie, and LS Virologie
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cecropin B ,EXPRESSION ,Erythrocytes ,antimicrobial peptide ,TRANSMISSION ,Swine ,Antimicrobial peptides ,Molecular Sequence Data ,IMMUNITY ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,Haemophilus parasuis ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Bombyx mori ,transmission electron microscopy ,medicine ,PROTEGRIN-1 ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,moricin ,Molecular Biology ,Escherichia coli ,Haemophilus parasuis SH 0165 ,ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE ,SILKWORM ,biology ,Bacteria ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,fungi ,Cell Membrane ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Articles ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,PREVALENCE ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Cecropin ,ESCHERICHIA-COLI ,Hyalophora cecropia ,Insect Proteins ,Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - Abstract
In response to infection, insects produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to kill the invading pathogens. To study their physicochemical properties and bioactivities for clinical and commercial use in the porcine industry, we chemically synthesized the mature peptides Bombyx mori moricin and Hyalophora cecropia cecropin B. In this paper, we described the antimicrobial activity of the two AMPs. Moricin exhibited antimicrobial activity on eight strains tested with minimal inhibitory concentration values (MICs) ranging between 8 and 128 mu g/ml, while cecropin B mainly showed antimicrobial activity against the Gramnegative strains with MICs ranging from 0.5 to 16 mu g/ml. Compared to the potent antimicrobial activity these two AMPs displayed against most of the bacterial pathogens tested, they exhibited limited hemolytic activity against porcine red blood cells. The activities of moricin and cecropin B against Haemophilus parasuis SH 0165 were studied in further detail. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of moricin and cecropin B treated H. parasuis SH 0165 indicated extensive damage to the membranes of the bacteria. Insights into the probable mechanism utilized by moricin and cecropin B to eliminate pathogens are also presented. The observations from this study are important for the future application of AMPs in the porcine industry.
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- 2012
44. Transcriptome analysis reveals novel patterning and pigmentation genes underlying Heliconius butterfly wing pattern variation
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H. Frederik Nijhout, Charles Wang, Riccardo Papa, Mayte Ruiz, Alexie Papanicolaou, Heather M. Hines, W. Owen McMillan, and Robert D. Reed
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0106 biological sciences ,Candidate gene ,Evo-devo genome-wide identification ,bombyx-mori ,01 natural sciences ,Phenothiazines ,Melanin ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Heliconius ,Wings, Animal ,genetics ,Genetics ,drosophila-melanogaster ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Pigmentation ,Evo-devo ,evo-devo ,Genomics ,yellow ,Enzymes ,Ommochrome ,Butterflies ,Biotechnology ,Research Article ,animal structures ,Positional cloning ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,evolution ,expression ,Genetic variation ,Animals ,Adaptation ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,Melanins ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Genetic Variation ,biology.organism_classification ,linkage map ,color ,Gene expression profiling ,lcsh:Genetics ,Evolutionary biology ,Evolutionary developmental biology ,Heliconius erato - Abstract
Background Heliconius butterfly wing pattern diversity offers a unique opportunity to investigate how natural genetic variation can drive the evolution of complex adaptive phenotypes. Positional cloning and candidate gene studies have identified a handful of regulatory and pigmentation genes implicated in Heliconius wing pattern variation, but little is known about the greater developmental networks within which these genes interact to pattern a wing. Here we took a large-scale transcriptomic approach to identify the network of genes involved in Heliconius wing pattern development and variation. This included applying over 140 transcriptome microarrays to assay gene expression in dissected wing pattern elements across a range of developmental stages and wing pattern morphs of Heliconius erato. Results We identified a number of putative early prepattern genes with color-pattern related expression domains. We also identified 51 genes differentially expressed in association with natural color pattern variation. Of these, the previously identified color pattern “switch gene” optix was recovered as the first transcript to show color-specific differential expression. Most differentially expressed genes were transcribed late in pupal development and have roles in cuticle formation or pigment synthesis. These include previously undescribed transporter genes associated with ommochrome pigmentation. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of melanin-repressing genes such as ebony and Dat1 in non-melanic patterns. Conclusions This study identifies many new genes implicated in butterfly wing pattern development and provides a glimpse into the number and types of genes affected by variation in genes that drive color pattern evolution.
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- 2012
45. Essential C-terminal region of the baculovirus minor capsid protein VP80 binds DNA
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Otto-Wilhelm Merten, F. Francis-Devaraj, M.M. van Oers, Martin Marek, Częstochowa University of Technology, Immunologie moléculaire et biothérapies innovantes (IMBI), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Généthon, and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
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viruses ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Laboratory of Virology ,Sequence Homology ,Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ,bombyx-mori ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,localization ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,DNA/*metabolism ,Virogenic stroma ,generation ,Peptide sequence ,0303 health sciences ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,cytoskeleton ,PE&RC ,Baculoviridae/*chemistry ,Cell biology ,Virus-Cell Interactions ,Amino Acid ,Capsid ,Baculoviridae ,Capsid Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ,nucleopolyhedrovirus ,replication ,Immunology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Laboratorium voor Virologie ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,genomics ,Electrophoretic mobility shift assay ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Actin ,030304 developmental biology ,DNA Primers ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Base Sequence ,Eukaryotic transcription ,DNA replication ,DNA ,sequence ,Molecular biology ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,nuclear polyhedrosis-virus ,Capsid Proteins ,f-actin - Abstract
The essential Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) minor capsid protein VP80 has been recently shown to interact with the virus-triggered, nuclear F-actin cytoskeleton. A role for VP80 in virus morphogenesis has been proposed in the maturation of progeny nucleocapsids and in their egress from the virogenic stroma toward the nuclear periphery by a mechanism, which also includes F-actin filaments. We performed functional mapping of VP80 demonstrating that its highly conserved C-terminal region plays a crucial role in virion morphogenesis. Protein database mining identified a putative basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain, a DNA-binding module typical for eukaryotic transcription factors, in the essential C-terminal region of VP80. Using a molecular modeling approach, we predicted the three-dimensional structure of this domain, revealing some unique properties. Biochemical assays proved that VP80 can form homodimers, a critical prerequisite of DNA-binding bHLH proteins. The ability of VP80 to bind DNA was subsequently confirmed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. We further show that AcMNPV DNA replication occurs in the absence of VP80. Immunolabeling of VP80 in baculovirus-infected cells rather points toward its involvement in nucleocapsid maturation. The competence of VP80 to interact with both F-actin and DNA provides novel insight into baculovirus morphogenesis.
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- 2012
46. Detection of phytoecdysteroids by gustatory sensilla on chelicerae of the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus
- Author
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Sara Fernandes Soares, Frédéric Marion-Poll, Carla Cristina Braz Louly, Carla Amorim Neves, Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges, Escola Vet, Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication (PISC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech, Coordination Office for Advancement of University-level Personnel (CAPES), Brazil [4586-08-5], and National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), Brazil [152679/2010-3]
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0106 biological sciences ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,HARD TICKS ,ecdysteroids ,Physiology ,SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS ,Rhipicephalus sanguineus ,Zoology ,Tick ,01 natural sciences ,INGESTED PHYTOECDYSTEROIDS ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botany ,Acari ,ecdysone ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Ecdysteroid ,SEX-PHEROMONE ,biology ,fungi ,pterosterone ,INTEGUMENT STRUCTURE ,biology.organism_classification ,electrophysiology ,Arthropod mouthparts ,Deterrent cell ,BOMBYX-MORI ,010602 entomology ,chemistry ,Insect Science ,ORNITHODOROS-MOUBATA ,ECDYSTEROTITERS ,Moulting ,AMBLYOMMA-HEBRAEUM KOCH ,Ecdysone ,Ixodidae ,makisterone - Abstract
Ecdysteroids are polyhydroxylated steroids that act as moulting hormones in arthropods and regulate several important life-cycle processes. Phytoecdysteroids are ecdysteroid analogues produced by some plants that disrupt the growth and development of insects feeding on them, and can be perceived by the taste receptors of insects. The present study tested the hypothesis that the blood-feeding tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) is capable of detecting phytoecdysteroids. By recording from the chelicerae, six phytoecdysteroids are tested: a-ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, ponasterone A, makisterone A, inokosterone and pterosterone. In unfed ticks, makisterone A and pterosterone elicit frequencies of neural impulses higher than in a negative control (a KCl solution at 10-3m), with detection thresholds of 10-6m and 10-12m, respectively. The spike amplitudes of the responses to these compounds, and also for 20-hydroxyecdysone and ponasterone A, are higher than in the control, indicating that a different neurone may be involved: perhaps a deterrent cell, as observed in insects. In fed ticks, only pterosterone at 10-4m remains active. In behavioural attachment assays, no difference is observed between electrophysiologically active compounds and the negative control. These results show the capability of R. sanguineus ticks to detect phytoecdysteroids, although they do not clarify the role of ecdysteroids in tick biology, for which further studies are required.
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- 2012
47. Butterfly genome reveals promiscuous exchange of mimicry adaptations among species
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Paul J. Kersey, Dean A. Baker, Arnaud Martin, Alison K. Surridge, Megan A. Supple, Robert T. Jones, Yannick Pauchet, W. Owen McMillan, Camilo Salazar, Nicola Chamberlain, Daniel S.T. Hughes, Chris D. Jiggins, Neil Rosser, David G. Heckel, Peter W. H. Holland, Seung-Joon Ahn, Simon H. Martin, Daniel Mapleson, Ayşe Tenger-Trolander, Aleksey V. Zimin, Stephen Richards, Durrell D. Kapan, Marcus R. Kronforst, Gerardo Lamas, Mathieu Joron, Kim C. Worley, Luana S. Maroja, James R. Walters, Ling-Ling Pu, James J. Lewis, Heather M. Hines, Mauricio Linares, Karim Gharbi, James A. Yorke, Tamas Dalmay, Heiko Vogel, Joy Jayaseelan, Riccardo Papa, Tittu Mathew, Kanchon K. Dasmahapatra, Donna M. Muzny, Derek Wilson, Steven E. Scherer, David A. Ray, Alexi Balmuth, Richard A. Gibbs, Richard H. ffrench-Constant, Furong Yuan, Francis M. Jiggins, Robert D. Reed, Laura Ferguson, Paul A. Wilkinson, Fiona Ongeri, Annabel Whibley, Yuanqing Wu, Karl H.J. Gordon, Christie Kovar, Lawrence E. Gilbert, Marian Thomson, Yi Han, Rebecca Thornton, Daniel Lawson, Brian A. Counterman, Simon W. Baxter, Sebastian Adler, Katharina J. Hoff, Jiaxin Qu, Alexie Papanicolaou, Cathlene Eland, James Mallet, Simon Moxon, Steven L. Salzberg, Nicola J. Nadeau, Ritika Chauhan, Adriana D. Briscoe, Sean P. Mullen, Mark Blaxter, William J. Palmer, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, John W. Davey, The Heliconius Genome Consortium, University College of London [London] (UCL), Dept. Zool., University of Cambridge, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, University of Edinburgh, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, European Molecular Biology Laboratory European Bioinformatics Institute, Leverhulme Trust, John Fell Fund, Christ Church College, Oxford, Royal Society, NSF, NIH, CNRS, ERC, Banco de la Republica, COLCIENCAS, and BBSRC
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0106 biological sciences ,Introgression ,Genome, Insect ,Genes, Insect ,Dna sequence ,Gene sequence ,01 natural sciences ,Gene ,Cretaceous ,Wing ,Unindexed sequence ,Heliconius ,Wings, Animal ,Species difference ,Phylogeny ,Heliconius melpomene ,Adaptive radiation ,0303 health sciences ,Pigmentation ,Genes, Homeobox ,Genomics ,BOMBYX-MORI ,Conservation genetics ,Butterflies ,HELICONIUS BUTTERFLIES ,Gene Flow ,Evolution ,Physiological ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Chromosome ,Article ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,Species Specificity ,Genetics ,Homeobox ,Adaptation ,SPECIATION ,Animal ,fungi ,Molecular ,DNA ,Bombyx ,Chromosomes, Insect ,Genes ,Evolutionary biology ,Heliconius elevatus ,Mimicry ,Hybridization, Genetic ,Comparative study ,Nucleotide sequence ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Genome ,PATTERN MIMICRY ,Forelimb ,Wings ,Molecular genetics ,Priority journal ,Multidisciplinary ,Papilionoidea ,Classification ,Adaptation, Physiological ,ADAPTIVE RADIATION ,LEPIDOPTERA ,Lepidoptera ,Heliconius Genome Consortium ,Sequence Analysis ,HYBRIDIZATION ,Histology ,Heliconius cydno ,Hox protein ,General Science & Technology ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Synteny ,Chromosomes ,Silkworm ,Animals ,Insect chromosome ,Hybridization ,030304 developmental biology ,Taxonomy ,Butterfly ,Molecular Mimicry ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Nonhuman ,EVOLUTION ,Molecular evolution ,Heliconius timareta ,Insect ,Heliconius erato - Abstract
The evolutionary importance of hybridization and introgression has long been debated. Hybrids are usually rare and unfit, but even infrequent hybridization can aid adaptation by transferring beneficial traits between species. Here we use genomic tools to investigate introgression in Heliconius, a rapidly radiating genus of neotropical butterflies widely used in studies of ecology, behaviour, mimicry and speciation. We sequenced the genome of Heliconius melpomene and compared it with other taxa to investigate chromosomal evolution in Lepidoptera and gene flow among multiple Heliconius species and races. Among 12, 669 predicted genes, biologically important expansions of families of chemosensory and Hox genes are particularly noteworthy. Chromosomal organization has remained broadly conserved since the Cretaceous period, when butterflies split from the Bombyx (silkmoth) lineage. Using genomic resequencing, we show hybrid exchange of genes between three co-mimics, Heliconius melpomene, Heliconius timareta and Heliconius elevatus, especially at two genomic regions that control mimicry pattern. We infer that closely related Heliconius species exchange protective colour-pattern genes promiscuously, implying that hybridization has an important role in adaptive radiation. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited.
- Published
- 2011
48. Artificial Skin - Culturing of Different Skin Cell Lines for Generating an Artificial Skin Substitute on Cross-Weaved Spider Silk Fibres
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Christina Allmeling, Anja Hillmer, Franziska Schäfer-Nolte, Hanna Wendt, Cornelia Kasper, Joern W. Kuhbier, Kerstin Reimers, and Peter M. Vogt
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Keratinocytes ,Anatomy and Physiology ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biocompatible Materials ,bombyx-mori ,in-vivo ,nephila-clavipes araneae ,Tissue engineering ,ddc:590 ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::590 | Tiere (Zoologie) ,Spider silk ,lcsh:Science ,Cells, Cultured ,Skin ,degradation ,Burn Management ,Skin repair ,Multidisciplinary ,Tissue Scaffolds ,biology ,Chemistry ,Spiders ,SILK ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,scaffolds ,Medicine ,Research Article ,Biotechnology ,biomaterials ,Histology ,Biomedical Engineering ,Silk ,Bioengineering ,Artificial skin ,web ,dragline silk ,Dermis ,Bombyx mori ,ddc:570 ,medicine ,Animals ,Biology ,Skin, Artificial ,Spider ,Tissue Engineering ,lcsh:R ,fungi ,Fibroblasts ,Reconstructive Surgery ,biology.organism_classification ,Coculture Techniques ,escherichia-coli ,Surgery ,lcsh:Q ,protein ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Background: In the field of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery the development of new innovative matrices for skin repair is in urgent need. The ideal biomaterial should promote attachment, proliferation and growth of cells. Additionally, it should degrade in an appropriate time period without releasing harmful substances, but not exert a pathological immune response. Spider dragline silk from Nephila spp meets these demands to a large extent. Methodology/Principal Findings: Native spider dragline silk, harvested directly out of Nephila spp spiders, was woven on steel frames. Constructs were sterilized and seeded with fibroblasts. After two weeks of cultivating single fibroblasts, keratinocytes were added to generate a bilayered skin model, consisting of dermis and epidermis equivalents. For the next three weeks, constructs in co-culture were lifted on an originally designed setup for air/liquid interface cultivation. After the culturing period, constructs were embedded in paraffin with an especially developed program for spidersilk to avoid supercontraction. Paraffin cross-sections were stained in Haematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) for microscopic analyses. Conclusion/Significance: Native spider dragline silk woven on steel frames provides a suitable matrix for 3 dimensional skin cell culturing. Both fibroblasts and keratinocytes cell lines adhere to the spider silk fibres and proliferate. Guided by the spider silk fibres, they sprout into the meshes and reach confluence in at most one week. A well-balanced, bilayered cocultivation in two continuously separated strata can be achieved by serum reduction, changing the medium conditions and the cultivation period at the air/liquid interphase. Therefore spider silk appears to be a promising biomaterial for the enhancement of skin regeneration.
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- 2011
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49. Diversity in protein glycosylation among insect species
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Kris Gevaert, Rameshwaram Nagender Rao, Els J.M. Van Damme, Gianni Vandenborre, Bart Ghesquière, Gerben Menschaert, and Guy Smagghe
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Proteomics ,Glycosylation ,Insecta ,INFORMATION ,Glycobiology ,Insect ,ANNOTATION ,Biochemistry ,Chromatography, Affinity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Protein purification ,SPECIFICITY ,Peptide sequence ,Phylogeny ,media_common ,Genetics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Tribolium ,Spectrometric Identification of Proteins ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,biology ,MIDGUT ,O-MANNOSYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY ,food and beverages ,Biodiversity ,Bees ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,BOMBYX-MORI ,DROSOPHILA ,Drosophila melanogaster ,Metabolome ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Insect Proteins ,Medicine ,Plant Lectins ,CELL-ADHESION ,Research Article ,Protein Binding ,animal structures ,Technology and Engineering ,SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS ,Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Molecular Sequence Data ,SNOWDROP LECTIN ,GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE ,Species Specificity ,Phylogenetics ,Botany ,Animals ,BIOSYNTHESIS ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Biology ,Glycoproteins ,Science & Technology ,fungi ,PEA APHID ,biology.organism_classification ,FERRITIN ACTS ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,Multicellular organism ,Mannose-Binding Lectins ,chemistry ,DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER ,NILAPARVATA-LUGENS ,Glycoprotein ,Zoology ,Entomology ,Protein Processing, Post-Translational ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
BACKGROUND: A very common protein modification in multicellular organisms is protein glycosylation or the addition of carbohydrate structures to the peptide backbone. Although the Class of the Insecta is the largest animal taxon on Earth, almost all information concerning glycosylation in insects is derived from studies with only one species, namely the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this report, the differences in glycoproteomes between insects belonging to several economically important insect orders were studied. Using GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin) affinity chromatography, different sets of glycoproteins with mannosyl-containing glycan structures were purified from the flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), the silkworm (Bombyx mori), the honeybee (Apis mellifera), the fruit fly (D. melanogaster) and the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). To identify and characterize the purified glycoproteins, LC-MS/MS analysis was performed. For all insect species, it was demonstrated that glycoproteins were related to a broad range of biological processes and molecular functions. Moreover, the majority of glycoproteins retained on the GNA column were unique to one particular insect species and only a few glycoproteins were present in the five different glycoprotein sets. Furthermore, these data support the hypothesis that insect glycoproteins can be decorated with mannosylated O-glycans. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results presented here demonstrate that oligomannose N-glycosylation events are highly specific depending on the insect species. In addition, we also demonstrated that protein O-mannosylation in insect species may occur more frequently than currently believed. ispartof: PLoS One vol:6 issue:2 pages:1-15 ispartof: location:United States status: published
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- 2011
50. Gustatory perception of phytoecdysteroids in Plodia interpunctella larvae
- Author
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Rharrabe, Kacem, Sayah, Fouad, Marion-Poll, Frederic, Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication (PISC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech, Faculté des sciences et Techniques de Tanger, and Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE)
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COMPOSE STEROIDIQUE ,TASTE ,fungi ,INSECT ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,CATERPILLARS ,SENS DU GOUT ,ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY ,SENSILLA STYLOCONICA ,LEPIDOPTERA ,BOMBYX-MORI ,INSECTE ,LOBESIA-BOTRANA ,PYRALIDAE ,20-HYDROXYECDYSONE ,GUSTATION ,AJUGA IVA ,SILENE NUTANS ,PLANT ,ECDYSTEROIDS ,HEXAPODA ,BEHAVIOR ,RESPONSES - Abstract
Phytoecdysteroids are steroidal compounds produced by various plants that disrupt growth and development of insects eating them. They exhibit an insecticidal activity on a number of insect pests such as Plodia interpunctella (Hu¨bner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). In this study, we further evaluated whether phytoecdysteroids deter larvae of this species from feeding, by using four phytoecdysteroid molecules, commonly occurring in plants: 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), ponasterone A (PonA), polypodine B (PolB), and makisterone A (MakA). Fourth instar P. interpunctella avoided contact with food pellets treated with these phytoecdysteroids in a dose-dependent way (2-30 mM). In order to test whether this avoidance was mediated by taste sensitivity, we recorded the responses of taste neurons located in the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica of the galea. At least one neuron responded to each of these compounds in both sensilla. The neuron located in the medial sensillum had a detection threshold of 10)6 M for PonA, 10)4 M for 20E and PolB, and 10)3 M for MakA. The lateral sensillumneuron responded with less intensity and its detection threshold was 10 times higher than that of the medial sensillum neuron. These results indicate that phytoecdysteroids are detected as deterrent stimuli by P. interpunctella larvae and that small structural differences significantly affect their biological activity.
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- 2011
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