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Researchers at the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control in Beijing, China, have conducted a study on the Vero cell rabies vaccine, which is widely used for human rabies prevention. The study focused on evaluating the vaccine production process to remove residual host cell DNA (HCD) from the final product. The research found that the production process effectively recovered viral antigens and efficiently removed residual HCD, meeting WHO recommendations and Chinese Pharmacopeia requirements. The study provides guidance for optimizing vaccine production processes and ensuring safety and efficacy in large-scale batch production. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores how rabies virus gene expression is influenced by different types of human brain cells, particularly astrocytes, which exhibit a pro-viral transcriptional state. The study reveals that wild-type rabies virus infection induces specific transcriptional programs in host cells that may facilitate viral replication while dampening antiviral responses. Additionally, the research suggests that astrocytes with heightened viral mRNA expression could potentially play a protective role during viral infections in the human brain. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University discusses the transmission risk and challenges in diagnosing bovine rabies. The study highlights the importance of timely diagnosis in resource-limited settings, emphasizing the need for clinical observations when advanced diagnostic tools are lacking. The research focused on a case involving a 40-day-old calf showing symptoms of rabies, with saliva samples confirming the presence of viral RNA. This study underscores the significance of identifying rabies cases promptly to protect both veterinarians and animal owners in such settings. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering have developed a method to modify lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to target specific cells, including neurons, and cross the blood-brain barrier. This advancement could lead to potential treatments for neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. By using peptides as targeting molecules, the LNPs can deliver mRNA to the brain's endothelial cells and neurons, a crucial step in developing mRNA-based treatments for brain diseases. The study was supported by various organizations, including the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society. [Extracted from the article]

Three capybaras were found dead from rabies on Anchieta Island in Sao Paulo state, Brazil, between December 2019 and January 2020. The rabies strain found in the capybaras was the same as the variant present in Common vampire bats. Environmental disturbances, such as deforestation and habitat changes, may contribute to an increase in rabies cases in wild animals. Research is ongoing to understand the role capybaras play in the viral cycle and potential transmission to other animals. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Seattle Children's Research Institute focused on the postinspiratory complex (PiCo) and its role in respiratory rhythm and airway motor activity. Using viral tracers, researchers mapped the input-output connections of PiCo neurons, revealing projections to various brain regions involved in breathing, arousal, swallowing, and autonomic regulation. The study concluded that PiCo serves as a critical integration site for these essential functions. For more information, the study can be found in the Journal of Comparative Neurology. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences focused on developing fully human monoclonal antibodies for rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). The research aimed to address challenges related to costs, stability, and safety of rabies immune globulin (RIG). The study identified two potential neutralizing antibodies, 26-12 G and 5-7 G, which showed high neutralizing potential across various rabies virus strains. The findings suggest that the developed antibody cocktail could serve as an efficacious and affordable alternative to existing RIG products for rabies PEP, particularly in endemic areas. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a new protocol for generating high-complexity barcoded rabies virus for scalable circuit mapping using single-cell and single-nucleus sequencing. This technology aims to understand how molecularly defined cell types are organized into functional circuits, particularly in the human cerebral cortex. By leveraging single cell genomics, researchers hope to map synaptic connectivity in healthy and disease states. The preprint has not yet been peer-reviewed, and more information can be found on biorxiv.org. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Indian Veterinary Research Institute focused on the prevalence of bat Lyssavirus in Assam, India. The study collected 34 brain samples from nine species of bats in Assam, but none tested positive for the lyssavirus. The researchers emphasized the need for continuous surveillance to monitor the status of bat rabies in India. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing, China, discusses the development of mRNA rabies vaccines as a potential alternative to traditional vaccines. Rabies, primarily transmitted by dogs, has a high mortality rate, emphasizing the importance of post-exposure prophylaxis and vaccination. The research highlights the need for safe, cost-effective, and highly immunogenic vaccines to improve compliance and prevent rabies effectively. This study evaluates the potential of mRNA vaccines in replacing existing rabies vaccines, offering promising advancements in rabies prevention. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Oklahoma State University found a case of the sinus roundworm, Skrjabingylus chitwoodorum, in a rabies-positive striped skunk in Texas, USA. Skunks are natural hosts for this nematode, which causes damage to the host's cranium. The research suggests that concurrent infection by S. chitwoodorum and rabies virus may contribute to neurologic signs in skunks. The study was supported by the College of Veterinary Medicine at Oklahoma State University and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Guangxi University in China have highlighted the unique immune escape strategy of the rabies virus, which has evolved to spread directly between warm-blooded hosts. The study found that wild-type rabies virus evades detection by the immune system, while laboratory-attenuated strains elicit an innate immune response. The research also identified mechanisms by which the virus bypasses immune responses, leading to pathogenicity and neuronal degeneration. This study sheds light on the complex interactions between the rabies virus and the host immune system, providing valuable insights for future prevention and treatment strategies. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Hainan Medical University conducted a study on the spatiotemporal distribution of human rabies in China from 2004 to 2020. The study found that the incidence of human rabies initially increased and then decreased annually during this period. Factors such as temperature, sunshine duration, per capita income, and healthcare expenditures were identified as influencing the risk of human rabies. The research suggests that future efforts should focus on increasing investments in rabies prevention and control, particularly in provinces with higher temperatures, shorter sunshine durations, and lower economic levels. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Putra Malaysia analyzed rabies epidemiology in Malaysia from 2015 to 2023, revealing challenges in controlling dog-mediated human rabies. The study found that Sarawak reported the highest proportion of rabies cases, with dogs comprising 89.35% of confirmed cases. The research emphasized the need for improved public health measures and surveillance to address the high fatality rate of human rabies cases in Sarawak. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Emory University conducted a study comparing the safety and immunogenicity of a novel rabies vaccine using a chimpanzee adenovirus vector with a licensed inactivated rabies vaccine in healthy adults. The study found that the novel vaccine was safe and tolerable but generated lower and less durable rabies antibody titers compared to the standard vaccine, possibly due to preexisting anti-vector immunity. The research was supported by the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and has been peer-reviewed. For more information, readers can refer to the original article published in Vaccine. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati highlights the prevalence of dog-mediated rabies in India, despite available interventions. The case study of a 59-year-old man's death after a dog bite underscores the need for a comprehensive One Health approach to address rabies, including education, post-exposure prophylaxis, canine vaccines, responsible dog ownership, and collaboration across sectors. The research emphasizes the importance of effective communication and synergy among healthcare, veterinary, and public health sectors to enhance rabies prevention and control efforts in rural Northeast India. [Extracted from the article]

The article from TB & Outbreaks Week discusses research conducted at the University of Western Ontario on the risks associated with handling bats and the potential exposure to rabies virus. The study emphasizes the importance of bat handlers being vaccinated against rabies and regularly tested for rabies virus neutralizing antibodies to prevent unnecessary exposures. It also highlights the need for proper protective measures, such as using appropriate gloves, to avoid bites that could lead to exposure to lyssaviruses in bat saliva. The research underscores the significance of understanding viral transmission, preventing exposures, and responding effectively to bat bites to minimize the risks of this deadly zoonosis. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Government Medical College in Kerala, India, focused on adverse events following the administration of Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin (ERIG) among individuals exposed to category 3 animal bites. The research found that 37.03% of cases developed sensitivity following the test dose of ERIG, with 1.5% experiencing sensitivity reactions to the full dose. The study suggests that testing for sensitivity to the test dose can help identify individuals who may require premedication with anti-allergic drugs to reduce the risk of hypersensitivity to the full dose of ERIG. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Universite Grenoble Alpes provides new insights into the rabies virus, focusing on the dimerization of the Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein and the phosphorylation of its Nucleoprotein, which enhance their binding affinity. The research highlights the importance of the dynamic interplay between these proteins in the functioning of negative-sense RNA viruses. The findings suggest that the dimerization of the Phosphoprotein and the phosphorylation of the Nucleoprotein significantly impact their binding interactions, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms involved. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular processes underlying the functioning of the rabies virus. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Jilin Agricultural University in Changchun, People's Republic of China, focused on developing a vaccine against Marburg virus disease (MVD), a lethal viral hemorrhagic fever with no approved vaccine or therapy. The research involved using three recombinant rabies virus vector vaccines to induce neutralizing antibodies against different strains of Marburg virus in mice and humanized models. The study concluded that these vaccines show promise as candidates against various MARV strains, and a fully humanized neutralizing antibody against MARV was successfully isolated. [Extracted from the article]

A new genomic sequencing protocol has been developed and validated for rabies virus surveillance in Brazil, where bat-maintained lineages are responsible for all documented cases. The protocol integrates whole genome sequencing with host species identification, achieving high coverage and depth across sequenced genomes. This approach aims to enhance rabies surveillance capabilities and contribute to more effective control strategies within a One Health framework. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in the West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia, aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to rabies among the community from 2017 to 2021. The results showed that the community had varying levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice scores regarding rabies, with factors such as dog ownership, media exposure, and previous exposure influencing these scores. The study also highlighted the economic impact of rabies in the area, with a higher number of human cases compared to animal cases, resulting in significant costs. Effective control measures, including vaccination and awareness campaigns, were recommended to address the lack of awareness and prevent the spread of rabies in the region. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital highlights the importance of a One-Health approach in addressing rabies in Tunisia. The study analyzed human exposures to animals in the central region of Tunisia from 2019 to 2022, revealing a high incidence of animal bites, particularly from dogs. The research emphasizes the need for preventive strategies, such as mass dog vaccination programs, and public awareness campaigns to reduce the risk of rabies transmission, especially among children and adolescents. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency highlights the emerging public health issue of rabies in cats. While human rabies cases are mainly linked to infected domestic dogs, cats can also transmit the virus. The research emphasizes the importance of educating the public about rabies in cats and the necessity of routine vaccination to mitigate risks to public health, agriculture, and conservation biology. The study underscores the need for a One Health approach to address the global elimination of rabies in both dogs and cats. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Central South University have reported on a rare case of a breakthrough rabies infection with atypical clinical manifestations. The diagnosis was confirmed through the detection of the rabies virus in cerebrospinal fluid using metagenomics next-generation sequencing. This study sheds light on the challenges of diagnosing rabies in patients with unusual symptoms and highlights the importance of advanced diagnostic techniques in such cases. The research was supported by various funding sources and published in Intensive Care Research. [Extracted from the article]

Mass General Brigham experts have developed a laboratory toolkit to assist frontline healthcare facilities in the U.S. in evaluating patients with viral hemorrhagic fevers like Marburg virus disease. The toolkit includes guidelines for collecting, processing, and reporting laboratory test results, as well as information on infection prevention and control. The goal is to enhance preparedness and diagnostic capacity in healthcare facilities to ensure safe and effective care for patients at risk of VHF. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the identification of clade-defining single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the rabies virus genome to improve surveillance and tracking of the virus. Researchers analyzed whole genome sequences of rabies virus from different clades and host species to categorize SNPs into universal, clade-specific, and clade-defining mutations. The study highlights the importance of these mutations for targeted surveillance, classification of clades, and understanding the evolution of the virus to combat rabies transmission effectively. The preprint has not been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into rabies virus diversity and evolution. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Nanjing Normal University in the People's Republic of China have reported new findings on how the rabies virus glycoprotein 29 (RVG29) can enhance chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy for glioma. The study showed that RVG29 modification improved the ability of CAR-T cells to cross the blood-brain barrier and effectively target glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. This research, funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, suggests that RVG29 modification could have a positive impact on CAR-T therapy for brain tumors and glioma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Puducherry by the Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences focused on community perceptions of rabies prevention and control. The study found that education played a significant role in raising awareness about rabies, with gaps identified in rural populations' understanding and attitudes towards prevention and control measures. The majority of participants were aware of rabies and its transmission, with information primarily sourced from doctors, newspapers, media, and friends. The study highlights the importance of targeted public health interventions based on community perceptions. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the molecular clock hypothesis in relation to the evolution of the rabies virus, highlighting the variability in incubation periods and its impact on mutation rates. The study suggests that modeling the virus on a per-generation basis may be more appropriate due to the variable nature of incubation periods. While the molecular clock model and per-generation substitution model may not differ significantly in examining contemporary outbreaks, measuring substitution rates per generation could be valuable for predicting lineage emergence and inferring transmission trees. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Nankai University have developed a new rabies virus vaccine candidate using a self-assembling nanoparticle engineered from the ferritinophagy complex. This vaccine induces potent immune responses and provides protection against rabies virus in mice after a single dose. The universal ferritin-based antigen conjugating strategy used in this study shows promise for developing vaccines against various pathogens and diseases. The research was published in Nature Communications and offers insights into the potential of ferritin-based vaccines for enhancing antigen immunogenicity and safety profiles. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the VIB Center for Inflammation Research in Ghent, Belgium, conducted a study on the effects of inhaled GM-CSF therapy during pneumovirus infections. The study found that while GM-CSF treatment increased certain immune responses, it did not alter the overall clinical outcome of the infection. The researchers concluded that inhaled GM-CSF therapy may not be a universal protective therapy for respiratory virus infections. The study was published in Frontiers in Immunology and more information can be found by contacting the authors at the VIB Center for Inflammation Research in Ghent, Belgium. [Extracted from the article]

Scientists at the Salk Institute have developed a new brain-mapping tool called Single Transcriptome Assisted Rabies Tracing (START). This tool combines monosynaptic rabies virus tracing and single-cell transcriptomics to map the brain's neuronal connections with high precision. The researchers used START to identify the connectivity patterns of inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex, which could lead to the development of more targeted and effective therapeutics for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. The study, published in Neuron, is the first to resolve cortical connectivity at the level of transcriptomic cell types. The researchers plan to further refine the tool and use it to develop novel therapeutics for conditions such as autism, Rett syndrome, and schizophrenia. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the use of single-cell genomics to understand neuronal cell types and their organization into functional circuits. The researchers describe a protocol for generating high-complexity barcoded rabies virus (RV) to map circuits from individual starter cells. They also introduce a strategy for targeting RV-encoded barcode transcripts to the nucleus for single-nucleus RNA sequencing. The tool was applied to organotypic slice cultures of the developing human cerebral cortex, revealing cell type-specific circuit motifs. This research provides a path forward for scalable circuit mapping of molecularly-defined cell types in healthy and disease states. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a patent for a rabies vaccine composition that includes an adjuvant called PIKA. The patent describes the specific amounts of PIKA adjuvant, inactivated purified rabies virus (IPRV), and human serum albumin (HSA) that are used in the vaccine. The patent also provides instructions for administering the vaccine to both humans and animals. The vaccine can be given as a treatment for rabies or as a preventive measure. The patent includes various embodiments and dosage regimens for different scenarios. For more information, refer to the patent document. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention in China examined the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies cases reported from 2006 to 2022. The study found that rabies remains a significant public health threat in China, with incidence rates consistently above the national average. The research highlighted the importance of implementing effective prevention and control measures, including a robust dog management system, the development of animal vaccines, and improved post-exposure prophylaxis. The study concluded that various government measures have played a key role in reducing the incidence of rabies, but further efforts are needed to prevent the resurgence of epidemics and halt the spread of the virus among host animals. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of California has provided new insights into the structural heterogeneity of the rabies virus. The study utilized cryogenic electron tomography and microscopy to determine the three-dimensional structure of the wild-type rabies virus. The researchers found that the virus exhibits a high level of structural heterogeneity, particularly in the glycoprotein trimer-decorated envelope and the nucleocapsid composed of RNA, nucleoprotein, and matrix protein. These findings suggest different mechanisms of viral assembly compared to other rhabdoviruses. This research contributes to our understanding of the rabies virus and may have implications for the development of viral vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the National Agricultural Technology Institute in Balcarce, Argentina, focused on the rabies virus and its control through mass animal vaccination campaigns. The study aimed to test the large-scale expression of the rabies N protein in a prokaryotic system. The recombinant N protein was successfully expressed and purified, and it was able to induce the production of specific antibodies in a mouse immunization assay. These findings suggest that the recombinant N protein could be used as an antigen for the development of a subunit vaccine or for diagnostic purposes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the State University of New York - Stony Brook University examined the spatial clustering of rabies cases in different animal species in New Jersey from 1989 to 2023. The researchers analyzed data on rabies cases in raccoons, skunks, bats, cats, foxes, and groundhogs, and used statistical methods to identify global and local spatial clusters of rabies. The study found significant spatial clustering of rabies in raccoons, foxes, and groundhogs in specific regions of New Jersey. These findings could inform targeted oral rabies vaccination programs in high-risk counties, reducing the risk of rabies exposure for domestic animals and humans. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences explores the role of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in the immune response induced by the rabies virus (RABV). The study found that different strains of RABV significantly increased the production of chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10, as well as the cytokine IL-6. Blocking TLR7 reduced the expression of these immune factors. Additionally, the study demonstrated that RABV-induced expression of CCL2, CXCL10, and IL-6 involves the Myd88 and NF-kB signaling pathways via the TLR7 signal. This research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of the immune response to RABV infection. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Buenos Aires focuses on the rabies virus (RABV) and its impact on both wild and domestic mammalian hosts in the Americas, including humans. The study highlights the increasing importance of bats as reservoirs of RABV infection for humans and domestic animals, particularly in regions where carnivore rabies is being managed. The researchers used a phylogeographic approach to analyze the genetic diversity of bat-borne RABV in Argentina and the broader Americas, identifying key bat hosts driving transmission and suggesting that Myotis bats may be the main ancestral spreader of RABV diversity. This research provides valuable insights for surveillance and ecological studies involving wildlife reservoir hosts. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been submitted for a synergistic phytoextract formulation that has anti-inflammatory properties. The formulation includes phytoextracts from Elettaria cardamomum, Salvia rosmarinus, and piperine extract. The active molecule 1,8 Cineol found in the phytoextracts has muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The formulation is intended for oral administration and may have anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties. The patent application aims to develop a natural herbal formulation for COVID-19 patients to aid in their recovery without harmful side effects. [Extracted from the article]