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SummaryRaw whole milk is a good source of the monkey anti-anemia factor. Pasteurization of the milk seems to reduce the amount of this factor in milk to some extent. This factor can be differentiated from the guinea pig anti-stiffness factor by the fact that raw cream possesses little activity while the raw skim milk accounts for the greater portion of the activity in whole milk. Raw whey, made by enzymatic treatment of raw skim milk, is also a good source of the monkey anti-anemia factor.

SummaryThe influence of the level of 6 common minerals on the susceptibility of Swiss mice to Theiler's GDVII virus has been investigated in more than 1100 animals.No demonstrable effect on the susceptibility to this infection was found by varying the level of calcium, magnesium or chlorine in the diet, some effect was noted with sodium, while striking results were obtained with potassium and phosphorus.A progressively decreased resistance was observed as the amount of potassium or of phosphorus was increased in the diets up to the optimal levels.

SummaryA practical meatless ration for trout containing 55% plant material is described which is essentially equivalent to a standard liver, canned carp diet so far as growth and hemoglobin levels are concerned.The effect of various substitutes in the ration is described.Although this ration contains 45% carbohydrate, liver enlargement was not noted except when sprouted soybeans or poor quality yeast were included. Large scale field trials indicated that Ration C was superior to pork spleen, and equivalent to pork spleen supplemented with canned carp, as a diet for yearling brook trout on the basis of both growth and mortality.

SummaryA method of obtaining electroencephalograms in dogs has been described. When rations which contained casein were fed no abnormalities were observed. After wheat gluten was substituted for casein epileptiform seizures and concomitant abnormalities in the E.E.G. developed which were comparable to those seen in cases of human epilepsy.

Isoleucine was found to be limiting for the growth of rats fed corn diets supplemented with lysine, tryptophan, valine, and threonine or 24% zein diets supplemented with most of the essential amino acids. Since phenylalanine, which is known to be present in zein at quite a high level, was also found to be limiting for the growth of rats fed 21% of zein, it was suggested that all of the essential amino acids in zein were utilized poorly. This was further substantiated when rats fed diets containing alcohol-extracted corn showed a much greater growth response to a level of isoleucine equivalent to that supplied by the zein extracted than to the zein itself. When the level of leucine supplied by the zein was also added, no growth depression was obtained.

SummaryThe failure of rats to respond completely to vit. B12 on a sucrose-casein diet containing a thyroid active material can be overcome by substituting defatted corn meal, corn starch or dextrin for the sucrose. The nature of this effect may possibly be attributed to the intestinal synthesis of other required factors. An explanation for the counteractive effect of corn oil on the growth depression in the hyperthyroid rat is offered.We are indebted to Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, N. J., for crystalline vitamins including B12, and to Dr. B. L. Hutchings of the Lederle Laboratories Division, American Cyanamid Co., Pearl River, N. Y., for synthetic folic acid.

1. Our data indicate that the effectiveness of whole liver in the treatment of nutritional anemia in rats induced by a milk diet is directly proportional to its available iron and copper content. The other constituents in liver are not needed for maximum hemoglobin regeneration on a diet of milk, iron, copper, and manganese. 2. Commercial preparations of liver products with iron or iron and copper vary greatly in their hemoglobin-regenerating efficiency in rats with nutritional anemia. The variation is correlated directly with the iron and copper content of the preparation. When the copper-iron ratio was too wide hemoglobin regeneration was checked, although the iron supply was sufficient for optimum regeneration.

ConclusionsThe urinary excretion of galactose in the young rat is lower than that of the adult animal when a supplemented skim milk diet is fed.On such a diet, adult rats, with hepatoma induced by azo dyes, excrete a lower percentage of galactose in the urine than do normal adult rats.

AFTER the discovery of the high requirement of the chick for arginine (Arnold et al., 1936) and glycine (Almquist et al., 1940; Hegsted et al, 1941a) certain diets containing 18% casein were found to be primarily deficient in these two amino acids (Hegsted et al., 1941b) Subsequently Briggs and his associates (1942) showed that 10% of gelatin would satisfy the requirement of the chick for arginine and glycine and that no growth difference could be demonstrated at 4 weeks of age between groups of chicks receiving free arginine and glycine and those receiving gelatin. These workers used dextrin as the carbohydrate in all of their diets. During the course of a study on the effect of the type of dietary carbohydrate on the growth of chicks, it was noted that the substitution of arginine and glycine for gelatin in the 18% casein-sucrose diets usually promoted more rapid growth during the …

Studies in this laboratory on the relation of the level of fat, carbohydrate, and protein in the diet to the vitamin requirements of growing animals led to the observation that the feeding of high levels of fat to young rats increased the riboflavin requirement. Modifications of the basal riboflavin-low ration K21 described by Wagner, Axelrod, Lipton, and Elvehjem1 were utilized in studying this effect. Lard was isodynamically substituted for dextrin at two levels so that in ration K22 the total fat content was about 25% and in K23 about 40%. Choline was added to the extent of 5 mg per 100 g of K21, or its isocaloric equivalent in the other rations. Storage of the rations in the refrigerator and daily feeding prevented rancidity.In the first series albino rats weighing from 60 to 75 g were partially depleted of their riboflavin reserves by placing 12 rats on each of the above rations for a period of 4 weeks. Four animals in each group were then supplemented with 3γ of riboflavin per day, four, with 6γ of ...

Summary 1.The serum of winter produced milk showed physical characteristics at variance with that of summer produced milk. It was clarified with greater difficulty. An adjustment of the salt balance and pH improved somewhat the technique used for the preparation of the serum from winter milk. The time at which these changes occur varies from year to year. 2.The serum of winter produced milk showed lower nutritive value than that of summer produced milk as measured by its use in supplementing a highly purified diet as a source of the vitamin B complex. 3.The significance of these studies lies in the relation of fresh plant tissue as contrasted with field dried material to subtle changes in the milk secreted.

SummaryWhen the rate of growth of chicks is used to measure the nutritional efficiency of carbohydrates they fall in the following order: dextrin, cerelose, sucrose, and lactose. Cellulose, sulfasuxidine, reticulogen, fish solubles, or vit. B12 do not change the significant differences observed when these carbohydrates are fed. However, the lactose-fed birds do give the greatest response to reticulogen, fish solubles and the higher levels of vit. B12. The excretion times of chickens fed these different carbohydrates are in the following decreasing order: dextrin, sucrose, and lactose. The possibility of these nutritional differences being explained by the synthesis of known and/or unknown factors is discussed.

Summary Goats receiving trace-mineralized salt (containing cobalt), in comparison to those receiving only iodized salt, were observed to have a higher level of vitamin B 12 in their colostrum and milk during the first week post-partum. Trace-mineralized salt or a 50-mg. supplement of cobalt per goat per day had no influence upon the level of this vitamin in the goat's milk after this time. The addition of trace-minerals to the diet of the goat did not influence the free folic acid level of the goat's milk. The lower folic acid content of goat's milk observed in this study is believed to be more accurate than the previous data of Collins et al . (1).

MOORE et al. (1946) reported that the addition of streptomycin and sulfasuxidine to a purified diet brought about a growth response in chicks. The antibiotics did not cause a sterilization of the intestinal tract of chicks, but did produce a marked reduction in the coliform bacteria of the cecal contents. In 1947, Newell et al. reported that with a practical ration, combinations of dried penicillin mycelium and fish press water resulted in excellent growth of chicks. Later work by Cunha et al. (1949a), McGinnis et al. (1949) showed that an aureomycin mash A.P.F. concentrate was superior to vitamin B12 for swine and turkey poults. Stokstad et al. (1950) and Whitehill et al. (1950) reported the activity of the antibiotics in stimulating growth of chicks fed all vegetable type rations. Thayer et al. (1950) presented data which indicated that an A.P.F. concentrate has a sparing effect on the protein needs of . . .