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This article provides a summary of the paper "Studies on the Ecology of Upper Nile Swaps" presented by J. Rzóska at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held in London, England, on April 24, 1969. According to the paper, the swamps of the southern Sudan fringe the river system of the White Nile and tributaries. It notes that the permanent swamps border permanent waters, seasonal swamps extend inland. It also indicates several factors which contribute to their origin, including deep alluvial loams of great impermeability lying in a basin surrounded by a crescent of distant hills.

Presents a series of abstracts on various topics of economics published in the March 1964 issue of the periodical 'International Monetary Fund,' vol. 11. Analysis of official intervention on the forward exchange market; Overview of economic program and financial policies in Belgium; Effects of income and price changes on the balance of payments of the U.S.; Appraisal of domestic policies and payment problems of Sudan.

This paper will discuss population growth in the Republic of the Sudan and indicate some of the more important economic preconditions and consequences of such growth. A brief introduction explains the basic differences between the nation's nine economic regions; how the population census of 1956 measured populations of political (administrative) divisions; and why, therefore, the census measurements had to be reorganized so that they could measure populations of economic regions. The alternatives open to the planner, by which he can project population back into the past and, more importantly, into the future, are then examined. These alternatives result from the several attempts to incorporate into postulated long-run birth and death rates whatever information is available on the history and anticipated future of those economic and social factors which influence the rates. A final section comments on investment, labor force, and other economic ramifications of the long-run population growth.

This article considers the case of Kano, the largest city of the western Sudan, and its present province, which is roughly coterminous with the area which was directly under the sway of Kano for nanny centuries. The Kano province dealt with here is one of the thirteen administrative provinces of the region of North Nigeria. Despite the apparently unfavorable physical geography of the region, the province, especially during the wet season, presents the appearance of a vast rolling park. It is covered particularly in the western and southern areas, with maize, millet and other grain crops.

In this paper the plans for the proposed sample census of the Sudan are presented. The difficulties due to local conditions and customs are described, and ways and means of overcoming them are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an overview of the book "Sudan Geography," by R.A. Hodgkin. Book intended for secondary school use; Geographic diversity of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

The article focuses on the role businessmen and industry plays in developing Sudan's economy. It describes the geological region that the Sudan is comprised of and how these regions are utilized in Sudan's economy. It states that there are four types of institutions which are behind the important economic decisions in Sudan, including the government, foreign firms, and privately owned local businesses. It talks about government regulation of firms in Sudan and the emphasis on Sudan's government being the primary economic and social institution.

The Sudan Research Unit was established as an inter-disciplinary unit in the Faculty of Arts of the University of Khartoum in July 1964. Its objectives were specified broadly as the promotion of research in the human and social sciences concerning the Sudan, assisting research on projects which need co-ordination of different disciplines, training research workers, and sponsoring publication reports on their progress and results. The Sudan Research Unit also maintains contact with other centres of Sudanese studies and with centres of African studies in general. It is not at present giving any Sudanese courses, although it plans to do so in future. The Unit now organises a fortnightly postgraduate seminar on African studies, dealing with subjects of general interest. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the Department of Business Administration at the University of Khartoum in Sudan. The department is active in the Institute of Economic and Social Research, which is sponsored by the Economic Commission for Africa. The university library and three phases in the business department's development are mentioned, as well as socioeconomic factors that limit students' academic ability. A teaching syllabus for a social studies course on work and its organization, subjects required for a degree in business administration, and the principles governing the academic policy in the university's business department are also mentioned.

The article discusses the 1965 national elections in the Sudan. According to the article, the Sudan returned to a parliamentary system of government following the demise of the military government of the Sudan in October 1964. The article examines the difficulties in establishing a date for the election and the role of several political parties, particularly the National Unionist Party (NUP), the People's Democratic Party (PDP), and the Umma Party. The article describes the Constituent Assembly Election Act, qualifications for candidacy for office, and voter registration. It also discusses the election results, including the performances of the political parties the Islamic Charter Front and the Communist Party.

The article investigates the vegetational pattern of Acacia-Capparis semi-desert scrub in Sudan. The area of study was the semi-desert scrub vegetation to the east of the Nile 15-20 kilometers north of Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. Information on the topology of Khartoum is presented. A detailed description of the methods used in this study is presented. Capparis decidua and Acacia ehrenbergiana are abundant in the semi-desert scrub. Other shrubs present in the area are Maerua crassifolia, Acacia tortilis, acacia raddiana and Cadaba farinosa.

The article discusses a study on the soils and vegetation of Fung area located at the East Central Sudan. The author mentions that Fung region consists of tropical and continental climate and topographically, it has monotonous alluvial plain. The soils of the region are form from the clay deposit of Abyssinian origin. The author describes that the principal soils of the region consists of montmorillontic clay and they are also non-saline. The region's vegetation includes Acacia mellifera-Cadaba rotundifolia thicket and bushland, Acacia seyal-A. fistula-Balanites aegyptiaca woodland and broad-leaf deciduous woodland.

The article presents an environmental investigation on the mist oasis of Erkwit in Sudan. Erkwit is a deserted summer resort which lies at about 45 kilometers to the southwest of Suakin on the Red Sea and about 30 kilometers to the east of Sinkat on the railway line. It is revealed that the are receives more rainfall that its neighboring places which is explained to be the result of the latitude, situation and elevation. Moreover, moisture-laden wind meets no dissipating obstacle before reaching the cool hills of the place whereby orographic rain consequently occurs.

The clinical, histological and mycological features of subcutaneous phycomycosis seen in Nigeria are described. Basidiobolus ranarum has been grown from three Nigerian cases. Treatment with potassium iodide by mouth is dramatic and surgical removal is not indicated. The disease has now been described in Indonesia, India, the Sudan, Uganda, Ghana, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Cameroons as well as Nigeria and England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part I. Examines the extent of loss of Acacia senegal, or hashab, vegetation in Sudan. Factors that are contributing to the inability of hashab forests to maintain themselves amidst the increasing pressure on the land; Economic importance of hashab to Sudan; Implications on ecological studies.

Discusses the ecology of Acacia albida on mantle soils in Zalingei, Jebel Marra, Sudan. Characteristics of Acacia albida; Comparison of the soil on which Acacia albida grows; Different categories of soils sampled in Zalingei area.

Investigates the use of water by cotton crops in Gezira, Sudan. Characteristics of the soil; Effects of seasonal and diurnal patterns of reflection by water, bare soil and various crops; Mean values for the reflection coefficient over bare soil.

The article highlights fertility differentials in Sudan, taking into account a survey. It was found during the 1955-56 sample census that there were three main types of fertility differentials in Sudan. Three surveys were carried out in the east of Sudan, where the Kawahia tribe was selected as the population to be studied. Originally the Kawahia were partly nomadic and partly rain cultivators. Some of them gradually settled and depended mainly on rains for cultivation. To examine the effects of nomadism and settlement on fertility the fertility experience women who belong to the same tribe, but have different modes of life, were compared. Information on fertility was derived from more than one source and at several stages of completing the schedule. The crude birth rate is, however, an inadequate measure of fertility because it depends on the proportion of women of childbearing age in the population, as well as on the level of their fertility. The general fertility rate is, affected by differences in age composition within the group of women of childbearing age. Under conditions of stable fertility and no significant association between fertility and mortality of mothers, the total fertility rate tended to approximate to the average size of completed families.