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Este trabajo busca analizar la irrupción de paper como un modo de escritura que en el último tiempo está siendo impuesto en el ámbito de las Humanidades con el apoyo de una serie de instituciones que lo ha hecho posible. El objetivo de este escrito será, por un lado, estudiar sus características principales a partir de la información contenida en los manuales e instructivos para escribir papers y, por otro lado, poner en evidencia sus implicancias para el trabajo intelectual en general y el latinoamericano en particular.This paper analyzes the emergence of the paper as a kind of writing in the area of the Humanities that, in recent times, and with institutional support, has been imposed as the nearly unique and acceptable kind of academic discourse. The aim of this paper is, first, to study the main characteristics of this kind of writing, based on information in the manuals and instructions for paper writing and, secondly, to signal its implications for the intellectual work in general and for the work in Latin America in particular.

Este artículo sintetiza los aportes de un panel sobre los Papeles del Lavado desarrollado en el marco del XVIII Congreso de REDCOM “Comunicación, derechos y la cuestión del poder en América Latina”. El coordinador de la mesa sintetiza los principales planteos de los expositores: el periodista Santiago O'Donnell, el licenciado en Economía y ex titular de la Unidad de Información Financiera (UFI) José Sbatella y la licenciada Fernanda Daniela Díaz -una de las participantes del Consorcio de Investigación Autogestivo formado por REDCOM junto a Tiempo Argentino y Lavaca-, quienes abordaron la cuestión desde distintos campos disciplinares y de gestión.

En aquest article es presenten les activitats i experiències impulsades des de la Cartoteca de Catalunya amb l'objectiu de visibilitzar i reconèixer els treballs de les dones en un camp tradicionalment amb una gran presència d'homes, com són les ciències de la terra. Les dues activitats principals se centren en la celebració d'exposicions per donar difusió al fons propi de la Cartoteca, i a intentar desenvolupar col·leccions més equilibrades des del punt de vista de gènere. This article describes the activities designed by the Map Library of Catalonia to draw attention to the contributions of women to Earth sciences, a field traditionally dominated by men. The Library’s two main lines of action are the organization of exhibitions to bring its holdings to a wider public, and its project to develop more gender-balanced collections.

In the last few years, there are an increased number of families following a vegetarian diet, including their children. In order to guarantee child heath, paediatricians need to know the characteristics of this diet and the main foods that are used.There are few data on the medium and long-term health outcomes when removing all animal foods from the child’s diet, especially at younger ages. Nevertheless, new tools have recently become available to facilitate following a vegetarian diet and decreasing the risk of deficiencies.In this document, the group of foods commonly used in vegetarian diets are reviewed, as well as recommendations for each age group. It also mentions the need to use B12 supplements at all ages, as well as other nutrients (iodine, iron, vitamin D3, poly-unsaturated fatty acid n-3), when required.A vegetarian or a vegan diet, as in any other kind of diet, needs to be carefully designed. After reviewing current evidence, even though following a vegetarian diet at any age does not necessarily mean it is unsafe, it is advisable for infant and young children to follow an omnivorous diet or, at least, an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet. Resumen: En los últimos años ha aumentado el número de personas que optan por una dieta vegetariana y que incluyen a sus hijos en esta opción de alimentación. Esto obliga a los pediatras a conocer sus características principales y la composición de los alimentos usados más comúnmente, con el fin de garantizar la salud de los niños.Existe una escasez de datos sobre el impacto a medio y largo de eliminar los productos de origen animal en la dieta de los niños, en especial en la de los más pequeños. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han publicado herramientas (tablas de intercambios de alimentos, recomendaciones de suplementación) que facilitan el cumplimiento de una dieta vegetariana disminuyendo el riesgo de deficiencias.En este documento se revisan los grupos de alimentos que habitualmente forman parte de la dieta vegetariana, así como las recomendaciones para cada grupo de edad. Se señala también la necesidad de utilizar suplementos de vitamina B12 en todas las edades, y en aquellos otros nutrientes (yodo, hierro, vitamina D3, ácidos grasos polinsaturados n-3) en riesgo de deficiencia.Una alimentación vegetariana o vegana, como cualquier otro tipo de alimentación, debe estar bien planificada. A la luz de la evidencia disponible, a pesar de que seguir una dieta vegetariana en cualquier etapa de la infancia no signifique necesariamente que sea insegura, es preferible aconsejar que durante el periodo de lactante y en el niño de corta edad se siga una dieta omnívora o, al menos, ovo o lactovegetariana.

Lan honen helburua Juan Arin Dorronsororen «Material toponímico» argitaragabeare 25. paper-zorroan dagoen edukiaren berri ematea da, 1940. urtean hark egindako krokisean Enirio-Aralarko toponimiaz biltzen den informazioa osatzeko.

Environmental monitoring programs commonly use fish to study the health of aquatic systems. Nevertheless, lethal sampling techniques are often employed, resulting in ethical considerations. This issue is magnified in Chilean rivers, which contain various endemic fish with conservational concern, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if mucosal vitellogenin levels in a native Chilean fish could be used to accurately assess the endocrine disruption potentials of wastewater treatment plant and pulp and paper mill effluents (WWTPEs and PPEs, respectively). For this, Carmelita de Concepción (Percilia irwini) specimens were exposed WWTPEs and PPEs for 12 days, and mucosal vitellogenin-like phosphoprotein concentrations were determined with a colorimetric assay. Increased VTG-like phosphoproteins and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase induction levels (widely used as biomarker for exposure) were detected in effluent-exposed individuals. This study supports the endocrine disruption potentials of WWTPEs and PPEs in P. irwini. Notably, this is the first study to use non-lethal biomarkers to determine the effects of industrial effluents in a native Chilean freshwater species, thus presenting an alternative vitellogenin-like protein detection method. Nevertheless, additional population and toxicity studies of fish native to Chilean rivers are needed. Further investigation is also required on xenoestrogen compounds and on methods for mitigating potential effects on biodiversity

Existe una abundante bibliografía acerca de en qué consiste la comunicación académica, cómo se debe investigar y el protocolo para comunicar lo investigado. Sin embargo, no es inusual encontrarte como editor o como revisor, trabajos que, independientemente de su valía como investigación, están pobremente presentados. En este artículo me gustaría resumir algunos de los errores comunes que cometen los investigadores que no están habituados a escribir artículos científicos y mostrar algunas pautas de solución a esos errores. (As editor or reviewer is common to find work, regardless of their value as research, are poorly presented. This is true even though there is abundant literature on what constitutes scholarly communication, how to investigate and the protocol to communicate research. In this article, I summarize some of the common mistakes that researchers who are not used to write papers do. And I show some guidelines to fix these errors.)

The Green Paper on the modernization of public procurement policy of the European Union launched a reflection on how such EU rules can contribute to fulfill the objectives proposed in the Europe 2020 strategy. This paper analyzes its proposals and identifies its inconsistencies. In particular, it is stressed how European integration has subverted the order of priorities in public procurement rules, upgrading the promotion of the free market to the top of the list. An economistic approach to the legal issue of public procurement seems to be the reason behind such reorganization of priorities. The conflict between political and economic rationalities, which underlies the Green Paper, gives rise to a number of questions, such as how targets other than free competition –mainly the social and environmental ones– shall be taken into account in public procurement; as well as to some proposals, for instance concerning the joint procurement by different administrations (in both the vertical and horizontal sense, and even encouraging a cross-border component), which seems to point to a reorganization of bureaucracy according to economic rationality. The paper, in a final step, aims at describing the (European) social model that implicitly underlies these proposals. El Libro Verde sobre la modernización de la política de contratación pública de la Unión Europea propone una reflexión acerca de qué modo las normas comunitarias sobre la materia pueden contribuir a hacer realidad los objetivos propuestos en la estrategia Europa 2020. En este trabajo se analizan las propuestas recogidas en el Libro Verde y se identifican sus incoherencias. En particular se hace hincapié en cómo el proceso de integración europea ha alterado el orden de prioridades de las normas de contratación pública, elevando la promoción del libre mercado a la cúspide de las mismas. La razón de esa reorganización de prioridades parece radicar en la aplicación de un enfoque economicista a la cuestión jurídica de la contratación pública. El conflicto entre las racionalidades económica y política, que también subyace en el Libro Verde, da lugar a una serie de preguntas tales como cómo deben ser tenidos en cuenta objetivos distintos a la libre competencia (fundamentalmente los sociales y medioambientales) en los procedimientos de contratación pública, así como a algunas propuestas, por ejemplo referidas a la contratación conjunta por varias administraciones (tanto en sentido horizontal como vertical, e incluso fomentándose el componente transfronterizo), lo que parece apuntar a la reorganización del aparato administrativo conforme a la racionalidad económica. El trabajo, en último término, pretende describir el modelo social (europeo) que tácitamente implican estas propuestas.DOWNLOAD THIS PAPER FROM SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2009257

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El Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) promueve la aplicación de nuevas técnicas docentes para lograr una interacción significativa alumno- docente, corrigiendo problemas de aprendizaje oportuna y eficazmente. Este trabajo analiza la técnica one minute paper en estudios de grado universitario, y sus implicaciones sobre el rendimiento académico. Frente a un enfoque predominantemente teórico de trabajos previos, se aporta evidencia empírica con una amplia muestra de alumnos, constituyendo una experiencia docente extrapolable a otros centros educativos. En general, se obtuvo una alta participación en la técnica y existió una importante interacción en el aula. Además, la tasa de éxito en el examen fue superior entre aquellos alumnos que participaron mayoritariamente en los one minute papers, frente a aquellos que fueron evaluados solo con dicho examen. En conclusión, la aplicación de nuevas técnicas docentes contribuye positivamente al aprendizaje, mejorando el rendimiento académico y potenciando una mayor interacción profesor-alumno.

Journals are the most important vehicles for sharing research results. Some countries (such as Brazil, Chile and Portugal) are underrepresented in terms of originating papers published in top Information Systems journals. This theoretical paper aims to provide a roadmap signposting the key elements for a paper to meet the criteria for publication in the top Information Systems journals. Ten dimensions for critically reviewing Information Systems papers were identified in the literature. Considering the importance of having a paper published in a top journal, for both the author and for the institution to which he is affiliated, this paper might be used by researchers wishing to submit papers to top journals, as well as by editors and reviewers who might benefit by reflecting on the standards adopted in peer review systems.

This article reports the findings of a diachronic study of acknowledgement practices in 300 randomly collected research papers published during three different periods (1998, 2004 and 2012) in the most prestigious American and European astrophysics journals written in English. In order to investigate the influence of these practices on authorship patterns, we analyzed the distribution over time of a series of quantitative variables (number, length and types of acknowledgements, mean number of words/number of acknowledgements per research paper and mean number of acknowledgements/number of authors per research paper, number of named and unnamed acknowledgees, number of identified and anonymous referees, and number of emotionally charged-words). Comparisons between periods were carried out and Student’s t-tests were applied to the quantitative results. Our main findings show that acknowledgements are very common in astrophysics since they are present in 96% of the whole corpus. Financial, mainly public, and instrumental supports are the most frequently acknowledged categories. The number and length of acknowledgements and the mean number of words/number of acknowledgements per research paper grow over time. Financial, instrumental and conceptual assistance, unnamed individuals and anonymous referees increase over time, whereas moral, editorial and unclassified supports, named individuals and identified referees, and emotionally-charged words decline. If we focus on each journal publication context, we can observe that the research papers published in the American journals include more and longer acknowledgements, with a higher mean number of acknowledgements per author, more financial and instrumental supports, and a lower percentage of emotionally-charged words, whereas the European journals contain more conceptual and editorial supports. All these data can be understood in the frame of growing scientific professionalism, while a detailed cross-journal analysis may occasionally suggest honorary/guest/gift authorship.

This article describes a multi-method approach for usability testing. The approach combines paper prototyping and think-aloud with two supplemental methods: advanced scribbling and a handicraft task. The method of advanced scribbling instructs the participants to use different colors for marking important, unnecessary and confusing elements in a paper prototype. In the handicraft task the participants have to tinker a paper prototype of their wish version. Both methods deliver additional information on the needs and expectations of the potential users and provide helpful indicators for clarifying complex or contradictory findings. The multi-method approach and its surplus benefit are illustrated by a pilot study on the redesign of the homepage of a library 2.0. The findings provide positive evidence for the applicability of the advanced scribbling and the handicraft task as well as for the surplus merit of the multi-method approach. The article closes with a discussion and outlook. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs150379

This paper aimed to carry out an analysis of Joule’s original texts, written in the middle of the XIX century, trying to understand how the changes in heat concept occurred throughout his work. To support the theoretical analysis, a literature review was made with texts about the Science history and the study of alternative conceptions about heat. Guided by this literature review, the Discursive Textual Analysis was used as the methodology to examine which factors influenced Joule in changing his conception of the nature of heat. Joule initially accept the caloric theory and, instigated by internal aspects of his research and work by other researchers such as: Rumford, Davy and Herapath, he begins to understand the heat as a state of motion of the particles. We believe this work has the potential to serve as a subsidy for the teaching of Physics, where the study of Joule’s work can contribute so that there is a reframing of the heat concept for the students.

This paper approaches issues about stages of mental development based on the work of Daniil El’konin and the theoretical methodological foundations of historical cultural psychology in L. S. Vygotsky and A. N. Leont’ev. It is analyzed the mental development as part of the development of personality in the context of childhood school education from the perspective of historical critical pedagogy of Dermeval Saviani.

Abstracts of papers presented to the International Contest for the «Néstor Acosta Tieles In Memoriam» Award at the II National Symposium on Sudden Cardiac Death and I Ibero-American Convention on Sudden Cardiac Death (December 6-9, 2016. Havana, Cuba)

Abstracts of papers presented to the Conference, Panel and Open Topic modalities at the Scientific Sessions of the II National Symposium on Sudden Cardiac Death and I Ibero-American Convention on Sudden Cardiac Death (December 6-9, 2016. Havana, Cuba)

Se expone que durante la revisión de informes finales de trabajos de terminación de residencia, se detectan numerosas deficiencias relacionadas con la Metodología de la Investigación, la Bioestadística y otros aspectos de interés; tal situación es multifactorial. Un tutorial que aborde adecuadamente estos temas puede favorecer la calidad de los medios digitalizados, de los cuales opina el autor de este documento.It is stated that during the review of final reports of the residency degree papers, many deficiencies related to the Research Methodology, Biostatistics and other aspects of interest are detected; such a situation is multifactorial. A tutorial to properly address these issues may benefit the quality of the digital media, about which the author of this document writes.

Chile es un caso emblemático en la apertura de la educación superior al libre mercado y en la reformulación de las lógicas que regulan la producción científica en las universidades. Esto se traduce en un sistema de gestión del personal académico orientado por bonos de productividad asociados a las publicaciones de alto impacto, distribución de fondos de investigación condicionados a la productividad de investigadores y jerarquización de las tareas académicas. En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un estudio que buscó explorar y comprender cómo académicas y académicos de ciencias sociales, altamente productivas y productivos, describen la escritura científica desde la práctica laboral cotidiana enmarcada en nuevas regulaciones de la producción científica. A partir del análisis de 20 entrevistas, proponemos que hay facetas fundamentales para definir la escritura científica: la afectividad, la fragilidad y la estrategia. Éstas dan cuenta de aspectos cotidianos, así como de tensiones y conflictos presentes en el proceso de escritura científica

El patrimonio documental nacional e internacional se encuentra en su gran mayoría en soporte papel. A partir de la industrialización en la manufactura de dicho material se ha producido papel con niveles de acidez, que sumado a otros factores, ha sido causante del deterioro de este tipo de patrimonio documental. En las últimas décadas, con la incorporación de nuevos procesos dentro de la producción papelera se ha resuelto en parte dicha problemática. El organismo internacional de normalización ISO ha redactado dos normas al respecto: la norma ISO 9706 e ISO 11108. Con la difusión y recomendación de uso del papel permanente para la conservación del patrimonio documental a largo plazo, se hace imprescindible conocer dicha normativa e informarse al respecto. En el presente artículo se describen las variables en la fabricación del papel que influyen en la permanencia de los papeles. También se determinan los conceptos y antecedentes que rodean ambas normas ISO, así como las características principales y partes que componen las mismas. Como anexo se consigna un glosario con los principales términos técnicos utilizados.Most of the national and international documentary heritage are on paper. From industrialization in the manufacture of such material, paper with acidity levels has been produced which, together with other factors, has been causing the deterioration of this type of documentary heritage. In recent decades, with the incorporation of new paper production processes this problem has been partly solved. The international standards organism ISO has drafted two rules in this connection: ISO 9706 and ISO 11108. With the spread and recommendation for the use of permanent paper for preservation of documentary heritage in the long term, it is essential to know the standards and be well informed. This article describes the variables in the manufacture of paper that influence the permanence of the papers. It also identifies the concepts and history that surround both ISO standards and the main characteristics and component parts of them. The annex provides a glossary of key technical terms used.

Avaluadors/ores anònimes de Papers i estadística d’articles de l’any 2017

Spite of continuously deforestation in Chile in the last 40 years, the production of combustion pellets is increased, being the main producer Ecomas. For this study, it was testedwalnut and wheat shells, waste paperboard and waste Kraft paperas raw materials for17 formulations of pellets. Only 8 formulations were successful for pellet production. The 8 pellets obtained and Ecomas pellet were compared according to ash and moisture content and heating value (HHV). The pellets obtained indicated a better HHV and moisture content but a higher ash content than Ecomas pellet. Moreover, 8 pellets and Ecomas pellet were compared with the set values inEuropean Norm EN 14961-2, indicating that pellets 5 and 6, meet the EN 14961-2. In view of the results achieved, the mixtures used in this study could considered as promising raw material for the production of combustion pellets with similar characteristics as commercial pellet Ecomas.

El equipo editorial de Umática –Revista para el análisis de la imagen y la creación–y el proyecto de Investigación El barrio como escenario de pedagogías críticas y arte colaborativo (PGC2018-094351-B-C42), del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, invitan a investigadores/as y creadores/as a revisar las claves teóricas, metodológicas y prácticas asociadas al empuje que desde el impacto de la crisis de 2008 han recibido aquellas políticas participativas o colaborativas en la gestión y en la creación artística vinculadas al barrio como contexto específico. Con un amplio recorrido durante las últimas décadas, los esquemas de trabajo colectivo que han definido estas apuestas perfilan hoy más que nunca, en plena crisis sanitaria y económica producida por el COVID-19, nuestras posibilidades de respuesta artística o cultural.

How can we understand the role of the police in Brazil’s public security system? In particular, have reforms initiated since the 1985 transition to democracy made the police more accountable to the public? This article addresses those questions. The next section describes the importance of public security as a political issue in Brazil. The article then examines the notion of accountability, and offers a justification of the use of case studies from Recife with which to explore the dilemmas of public security reform. In the following sections, the article analyses the impact of two new accountability mechanisms on policing in Recife – the police ombudsman and community councils. The article argues that so far, the operation of these mechanisms has been marked by informal barriers, barriers that have stymied the enhancement of police accountability to the public. The conclusion summarizes the argument.

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Topics addressed by the authors aim to highlight in what clothes big data present themselves in the eyes of the researcher, tackling the topic since its origins, ie the matrix Variables Cases. In this regard will be taken as an example a number of possible insights on the web ranging from web usage mining, web content mining and web structure mining, not to mention the web survey conveyed through dedicated platforms, Mobile Applications and related secondary data. Those arguments will be addressed through a focus on the extraction of data matrix and the subsequent analysis.

Objectiu: reflexionar sobre els rols del professor com a recomanador i prescriptor de lectures i sobre el lloc que ocupa cadascuna d'aquestes funcions en l'educació literària de l'alumnat. -- Metodologia: revisió bibliogràfica en el camp de la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura i presentació de certes situacions escolars de lectura que exemplifiquen els supòsits des dels quals es pensa el rol docent. -- Resultats: un dels avenços més grans que s'han produït en els darrers anys en la didàctica de la llengua i de la literatura es vincula amb la definició progressiva de les funcions docents i dels objectius educatius relacionats amb els processos de formació del lector literari en el context escolar. En aquest marc cal renovar els processos de formació del professorat per tal d'assegurar la construcció del cànon formatiu que requereix la pràctica professional del mediador escolar de lectures. Objective: This article reflects on what teachers do when they recommend and prescribe works of literature to their students. It also examines how recommendation and prescription are important in children’s literary education. -- Methodology: The article reviews the research on language and literature education and examines particular classroom scenarios that explain why teachers choose certain roles over other when they recommend and prescribe works of literature. -- Results: In recent years, the most important progress in language and literature education has been tied to redefining teachers’ roles and the objectives of education as these relate to children’s acquisition of literary reading skills. In this context, teacher education programmes need to be revised in order to equip teachers with a literary canon that helps them address their task effectively.

Lluny d'emprar el terme transmèdia com un simple adjectiu que pot qualificar a certs substantius, actualment es pot considerar la transmedialitat com una veritable manera d'executar projectes abordant la complexitat de l'escenari mediàtic contemporani. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és definir la disciplina de Disseny Transmèdia mitjançant la descripció de les activitats de projecte i d'investigació desenvolupades en el Politècnic de Milà, amb especial atenció al projecte Plug Social TV. Plug Social TV és un projecte posat en marxa el 2013 en dos barris perifèrics de la ciutat de Milà amb la participació dels estudiants del curs de Disseny de Comunicació, dirigits per l'equip d'investigació Imagis Lab. L'objectiu principal del projecte és experimentar els processos i els instruments de comunicació que, a través de la construcció de mons narratius i la seva distribució estratègica i multicanal (analògica i digital), poden suportar la formació d'un diàleg entre els interessats presents en el territori.

The journals are basically the only channel through the scientists can make the result of their research know to their colleagues. Scientific journals select the information they publish and guarantee its quality by means of a double blind procedure of censorship by peers. If on the one hand this procedure seems logical as a method for including a study within a consolidated scientific field it is also true that it can function as a mechanism for censorship. If, furthermore, a scientific field such as pharmacology is intimately linked to the business interest of large companies then the companies and journals not only became providers of guidance, but also censors who conceal part of the truth and obstruct scientific advance to defend the economic interest of their patents.

Introducción: El papel moneda es uno de los artículos de mayor circulación en el mundo.En Colombia, la materia prima para la elaboración de los billetes es 100% fibra de algodón, lo que le confiere una estructura porosa que le permite alojar diferentes tipos de detritus y que posibilitaría la colonización microbiana de dicho papel. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia y el tipo de contaminación bacteriana en los billetes circulantes en Medellín. Materiales y métodos: Por conveniencia, en el período de diciembre 2008 a mayo 2009, se seleccionaron 101 billetes para análisis microbiológico. Dicho análisis consistió en el aislamiento de la microbiota bacteriana presente en ambas superficies de los billetes, empleando la técnica del hisopo y siembra en aislamiento en agar sangre y en agar McConkey, así como la clasificación taxonómica de los aislamientos obtenidos. Resultados: El 91,1% de los billetes evaluados presentaba contaminación microbiana, y se obtuvieron 124 aislamientos.El género más frecuentemente aislado correspondió a Bacillus spp., aislado en 65 de los cultivos (52,4%). El 41,9% de los aislamientos correspondía a bacterias potencialmente patógenas para el hombre, como estafilococos coagulasa negativos (20,2%) y bacilos gramnegativos de la familia Enterobacteriaceae (15,3%), de los cuales, Pantoea cloacae fue la especie más frecuentemente aislada (8,9%). El 17,7% de los aislamientos correspondía a bacterias de origen posiblemente entérico. Conclusión: El papel moneda colombiano puede actuar como fómite de microbiota ambiental y de bacterias potencialmente patógenas para el hombre.Introduction: Paper currency is one of the articles of highest circulation worldwide. In Colombia, the raw material for its manufacture is 100% cotton fiber, which gives it a porous structure that allows bills to lodge different types of debris and enables microbial colonization of this paper. Aim: Determine the presence of bacterial contamination and its type in bills circulating in the city of Medellin. Materials and methods: Out of convenience, 101 bills were selected for microbiological examination from December 2008 to May 2009. This analysis included the isolation of the bacterial microbiota present on both surfaces of the notes, using the swab technique and performing the taxonomic classification of the isolates obtained. Results: 91.1% of the evaluated bills presented microbial contamination for a total of 124 isolates. The genus most frequently isolated corresponded to Bacillus; it was isolated in 65 cultures (52.4%). 41.9% of the isolates corresponded to bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans, such as coagulase- negative staphylococci (20.2%) and Enterobacteriaceae gram-negative rods (15.3%), Pantoea cloacae being the most frequently isolated species (8.9%). 17.7% of the isolates corresponded to enteric bacteria. Conclusion: Colombian bills can act as fomite for environmental microbiota and bacteria which are potentially pathogenic to people.

El tipo de materia orgánica presente en el agua residual influye sobre el grado y la complejidad del tratamiento biológico, por lo que el análisis del fraccionamiento de la materia orgánica puede brindar información complementaria para la optimización de los procesos. En esta investigación, se identificaron las fracciones de materia orgánica: biodegradable particulada, biodegradable soluble, no biodegradable particulada y no biodegradable soluble, en el agua residual de una industria papelera y en los efluentes de las unidades que componen la planta de tratamiento de agua residual (clarificador primario, laguna aireada facultativa y laguna de sedimentación). Los resultados mostraron que la fracción no biodegradable representó el 69% de la DQO total del afluente, mientras que la fracción biodegradable significó el 31%. La clarificación primaria desempeñó un papel fundamental en la tratabilidad biológica del agua residual, al reducir significativamente la fracción no biodegradable. La laguna aireada facultativa disminuyó, representativamente, la fracción biodegradable soluble de 44% a 12%, mientras que la laguna de sedimentación desarrolló un efecto de pulimiento sobre el efluente, alterando, principalmente, la fracción particulada. La disminución de la materia orgánica no biodegradable soluble fue especialmente obtenida como resultado de su adsorción sobre la biomasa en la laguna aireada facultativa; la fracción de este tipo de materia orgánica fue adquiriendo mayor protagonismo en el agua residual, a medida que avanzó el grado de tratamiento, incrementado su valor desde 19%, en el afluente, hasta 45%, en el efluente de la laguna de sedimentación.Slowly biodegradable organic matter represents the bulk of organic matter content of pulp and paper mill wastewater which can influence the performance of treatment systems. The organic matter fractionation is a useful tool that generates information for optimize treatment processes of wastewater. Organic matter fractionation study was carried out. Biodegradable soluble, biodegradable particulate, non- biodegradable soluble and non-biodegradable particulate fractions were identifies in effluents of primary clarifier, facultative aerated pond and sedimentation pond. Results of this study show that organic matter non-biodegradable/ total organic matter ratios of the influent were 69% while biodegradable fraction was 31%. Primary clarifi�er removed significantly the non-biodegradable fraction it was key for biological treatment. The biodegradable soluble fraction was mostly removed in facultative aerated pond (44% to 12%). The effluent was polished in the sedimentation pond, mainly particulate organic matter fraction. Only a small percentage of non-biodegradable organic matter was adsorbed by facultative aerated pond biomass, the fraction of this organic matter accounted for 19% in the influent and increased to 45% in the effluent.

This paper presents a multi-user mobile learning system—specifically designed to enhance collaborative language learning through mobile devices. The system delivers an app version of a paper-based learning task, called Terminkalender, which has successfully been used for several years with students from an A1-level German language course (CEFR). The learning task requires students to interact with each other via text messages in order to jointly plan different activities and record them in an appointment calendar. While the paper-based version already had a great potential for engaging students to interact in the target language, the app not only facilitates students’ interaction, but also allows teachers to easily trace back and analyse learners’ interaction. To this end, specific software implementing several features was developed: a web-based platform for system administration, an in-app text chat function, real-time feedback on learner performance as well as a log function for storage and assessment of learners’ interaction. The experiment sheds some light on the potential of the designed system for analysing learners’ behaviour and interaction patterns as well as assessing different indicators with regard to the student use and competencies in the target language.

Ferramentas para auxílio de análise ergonômica são frequentemente utilizadas quando há a necessidade de avaliação de riscos musculoesqueléticos no trabalho. Dessas ferramentas, uma das mais conhecidas é a REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). Seu amplo uso fez com que suas formas de distribuição e aplicação fossem alteradas por vários autores, de forma a tentar encontrar a melhor maneira de aplicação. Inclusive, com o advento de celulares e tablets, foram feitas diversas versões em aplicativo da ferramenta. Pouco pode ser encontrado sobre a usabilidade desse método, ainda mais em qual versão é mais apropriado, em termos de usabilidade. Objetivou-se neste artigo realizar uma avaliação de usabilidade da ferramenta REBA em duas diferentes versões para verificar a influência que a usabilidade da ferramenta tem nos seus resultados. Acredita-se que qualquer tipo de ferramenta para uma avaliação ergonômica deve, de forma intrínseca, ser usável, pois sua usabilidade tem influência direta em sua confiabilidade e replicabilidade. Sendo assim, fez-se uma análise comparativa de usabilidade com a ferramenta em versão papel e aplicativos para celular com oito sujeitos para a verificação de tal usabilidade. Encontrou-se melhor usabilidade para o aplicativo, mas confiabilidade equiparada para as duas versões. Assim, constata-se que as duas podem ser igualmente usadas para avaliação REBA.

O artigo analisa a produção acadêmica publicada nas principais plataformas brasileiras de divulgação cientifica acerca da avaliação na Educação Infantil. O estudo utilizou como aporte metodológico a Analise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin, tendo como recorte temporal o período de 1996 até 2015. Os dados foram classificados em quatro categorias de analise, que sugerem uma producao acadêmica sobre a avaliação na Educação Infantil ainda escassa, todavia em ascensão, com predominância de producao na área de Educação. Outro ponto tratado no estudo refere-se aos múltiplos focos acerca da temática avaliação e Educação Infantil. Os estudos baseiam-se tanto em aspectos do microcontexto, como o registro e a documentação pedagógica, passando pelo uso de escalas e testes padronizados que objetivam avaliar o desenvolvimento da criança em aspectos de macrocontexto, como nas avaliações da qualidade do ambiente, das instituições e dos sistemas de ensino. Por fim, o artigo destaca ainda que essa temática requer uma ampla discussão a fim de construir uma melhor compreensão dos sujeitos que por ela são influenciados (professoras, crianças, famílias e equipes gestoras). Palavras-chave: Analise de conteúdo. Avaliação. Educação infantil.

This editorial intends to examine the systematics of the correction rounds in the cases of articles that receive the decision of "conditional approval", based on the reviewers’ comments and the evaluation of the journal editorial team. Besides reinforcing the importance of such phase to the production of consistent scientific knowledge, premises and guidelines will be presented to inform the author's action to correct the article and write the response letter to the editorial board.