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Live below water in the initiative of small island development goals (SIDGs) 2014 is poorly studied from the perspective of the Bajau-Laut community in Southeast Asia especially in environmental sociology studies. This paper seeks to investigate the two community's knowledge of marine conservation zone rules as a social control shaper. A case study approach through semi-structured interview data collection technique was implemented by involving 20 informants. The study was conducted among Bajau-Laut communities in Tun Sakaran Marine Park (Sabah, Malaysia) and Wakatobi National Park (Southeast Sulawesi, indonesia). Although living under different marine park administration, the communities in both areas have a similar concern about sustainable fishing practices. Thematic analysis techniques through theme categorization based on authority and everyday defined interpretations was applied to describe the differences in social reality of the communities. The findings indicate that the communities in both countries have two distinct social realities when it comes to the interpretation of conservation zone rules. In terms of authority defined, both communities are aware of the role of the marine park agency structure in enforcing conservation zone rules as a social control tool to curb unsustainable fishing practices. Meanwhile, from an everyday defined standpoint, the social interaction between the communities creates different understandings on the implementation of conservation zone system rules covering fishing zones, prohibited zones, and general use zones that are at a moderate level. These findings are important for improved policy and practices of marine park management in respective countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the function of arbitration at Patani Muslim Religious Committee Council (PMRCC) and offers mediation mechanisms as an alternative way of solving the matrimonial disputes among the Muslims in the Malay-Muslims majority areas. Conceptually, dispute resolution is being recognized as an effective way in the field of adjudication in Islamic law. Although there have been attempts to implement dispute resolution mechanisms in the Muslim Religious Committee Councils (MRCCs), no attempt so far has been made to upgrade them. To a large extent, dispute resolution has been implemented gradually since the beginning of the establishment of the councils. This paper intends to investigate the current trend and the future direction for the implementation of dispute resolution in PMRCC by exploring the available alternatives to the continued pursuit of the process of dispute resolution in PMRCC while at the same time strengthening the existing structures. Finally, the author will provide some suggestions as to how dispute resolution in PMRCC might operate. The author will also highlight the strength and weaknesses of arbitration under Thai civil law with a view toward a better legal provision for arbitration.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the beads: total 216 beads, in the form of shapes, colors, size, weight and its transparences. In archeological context, beads is a small artifact the contribute and important role in the reconstruction of local cultural history. Beads found in any site does not emerge on its own, but it has their own function and purpose. The writing of this paper, mainly focus on glass beads. The beads are found a Trench I in Pulau Kelumpang which was found by writer during his researched in 1989. The result of this analysis shows in it own form: size and weight, although they are from same material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a study of ngalai ritual in Kota Belud, Sabah. The main objective of this discussion is to document the traditional performance which is present still among older generation the west coast Sabah Bajau. The paper was written based on field work carried out at Sembirai village, Kota Belud for a month. The interview was conducted among the healers related to the abstinences and the materials used during the ceremony. Therefore, this study explores the ngalai as a ritualistic performance for healing that revolves the relationship between behaviour and culture. This healing ritual is performed because it is believed that there are conflicts between human nature and the invisible world. These conflicts in turn raises the 'ire' of supernatural beings. As a result, humans are exposed to diseases that are incurable by modern medicine. The ngalai ritual is believed to be an alternative to such adverse circumstances. Ngalai seen as a treatment for physical and spiritual diseases suffered by the human body. The Kota Belud Bajaus also believe this to be a way to persuade the spirits around them to refrain from causing bringing catastrophe to individuals and the entire of society. Therefore, culture and belief system of the Bajau play an important role in the way they perceive their health, behavior and responses to the diseases and treatment. This ritual specifically demonstrates the use and the practice as part of the traditional medicine culture that is also practiced among other societies in Malaysia, such as the healing of ritual main puteri/teri in Kelantan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of communist-inspired organization in Sarawak during 1941s' indicated the beginning of communist movement in Sarawak and the spreading of communist ideology toward civilians. It was believed, the communist influences spread to Sarawak through the border when 1 000 of youths went to Kalimantan for military training. Consequently, the First Division of Sarawak have to endure communist terrorism for the first time in August, 1952. This incident triggered the government to implement psychology warfare as a part of counter measure of thwarting subversive activities particularly by communist. Therefore, this article attempt to discuss about the psychology warfare as a measure taken to encounter communist activities. This paper had concluded, the implementation of psychology warfare had succeeded in suppressing the communist movement in First Division of Sarawak. Thus, in completing this paper, a few primer sources including reports and documents had been used namely the resident office, district office, colonial office, foreign colonial office and secondary sources have been able to address the issues making such study became feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of Palestinian problems began with the Sykes-Picot Agreement signed in May 1916 which has placed Palestinians under British control. The impact of this agreement has opened the door of mass immigration from all over the world to Palestine. This crisis has led to a Muslimbased political movement, the Ikhwan Muslimin (IM), has been involved in this problem. In this regard, this paper will discuss the influence of Hassan al-Banna's thinking on the formation of IM's political orientation on this issue from 1931 to 1949. Using historical approaches, analysis of the discussion is based on the use of primarily primary sources of British documents and, in addition, using other secondary sources to support the discussion of this paper. The findings show that the influence of al-Banna's thinking is a major factor that has led to IM's political orientation in the issue of Palestinian problems. IM's participation in the issue of Palestine began by sending protests, organizing fundraising, holding a conference on Palestine, demonstrating and joining the Palestinian War in 1948 in an effort to help liberate Palestine from Israel's occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will approach the development of Alor Setar as a commercial centre in the era between 1735-1909. Within this context, the advancement of this city will be plotted from the aspect of the commercial activities being conducted as well as the factors that triggered the growth of a better and rapid-growing Alor Setar. This study uses the qualitative measurement which involves the collection and data analysis from primary sources obtained from the National Archive of Malaysia such as letters sent by Sultan Muhammad Jiwa to Francis Light, Reminders from the Rulers of Kedah, Sultan Abdul Hamid's Letters and CO 716, Kedah/Perlis Sessional Papers, 1905-1937. The outcome of this study shows that since the year of 1735, when Alor Setar began its operation as the state administration centre, the city had become the hub for local people and also foreigners. Within this period of time, there was evidence of hasty trading activities between Alor Setar and foreign traders from Penang, India and China. Among the commodities being merchandised were food supplies namely rice, farm animals and woods. The consequence of these transactions provided a large sum of income to Kedah state. In addition, the commercial activities in Alor Setar had been enhanced with the presence of trading emporiums which allotted stores selling assorted items, for example the pawn shop, textile stores and groceries stores. The existence of Alor Setar as a rapid-growing commercial centre was contributed by several factors such as the effectiveness of administration, the efficiency of town safety control, the sophistication of the communication and transportation system, the competency of health control system and also the presence of town port. These indeed have become the undeniably alluring attractions for traders to pursue their trading business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are an important political socialization agent in assisting the process of fostering ethnic unity among students. At primary school level, teachers act as influential political socialization agents in nurturing awareness of students at their early age on the importance of ethnic unity especially in the context of a multi-ethnic society in Malaysia. However, the process of fostering ethnic unity in Malaysia generally, and at the primary school level in particular, is still faced with various challenges and obstacles. Hence, this paper discusses the barriers to the role of teachers as effective political socialization agents from the aspect of school administration practices in shaping ethnic unity at the primary school level. The data collection process for this study was carried out through focus group discussions method involving 16 Malay, Chinese and Indian teachers from National School (SK), The Chinese National Type School (SJKC) and Tamil (SJKT) in Petaling district, Selangor. The results found that there are three factors of administrative practices that hinder teachers in playing a role as agents of ethnic unity that can affect the process of fostering the values of unity in a school. First, teacher separation system throught double-session schooling system; second, grouping of teachers in teacher's office by subject; and thirdly, the focus more on syllabus than other aspects such as ethnic unity in school. This study found that these three factors contribute to the existence of ethnic gaps among teachers, but also at the same time become an obstacle to the role of teachers as effective agents of ethnic unity in schools. Hence, the school should pay attention to this issue and raise awareness of all school members on the importance of ethnic unity in the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of the spreading of world wide's COVID-19 pandemic are significant and noticeable. The economic downturn and the impact on health have had a huge impact on the human life. Both direct and indirect effects of the outbreak have profound implications, including mental health. This situation imperils the psychological well-being of individual due to feel uncertainty, insecurity and anxiety and isolation. In this review paper, mindfulness approaches that can be learned by any individuals to manage stress in order to cope with their psychological issues during pandemic of COVID-19 such as mindfulness techniques. Application of mindfulness technique can be taught online through psychological first aid (psychological first aid) in tele-mental health services. The tele-mental health services' user is encouraged to practice mindfulness technique by engaging in the self-dialogue while applying the mindfulness-training exercises that have been learned through psychological first aid. This approaches able to coordinate the higher mental function to calm an individual to the state of relaxation. This action will help the person in taking an advantage during the implementation of movement control order to maintain optimum health by self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In facing the current global health issue of Covid-19 pandemic, the practice of social work using group methods has become very limited. The need for group work that involves meeting with group members becomes very challenging because the nature of group meeting should be avoided due it can pose a risk of Covid-19 infection. This paper discusses the challenges faced by social workers when using online medium as new norms working with group. This preliminary study used document analysis method. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The study data involved 20 fieldwork report documents by a total of 20 social workers who attended the Postgraduate Diploma in Social Work (DPSKS) program and had conducted group work for 7 weeks online. The group of clients they handle involved 20 groups of final age teenagers who are studying at a local university students. The total number of respondents was 94 people The data of this study were then analyzed using document analysis techniques. The results of the study shown that five main issues that were challenges when performing group online were; (i) unclear reaction of group members (ii) longer rapport (iii) technical problems (iv) lack of cohesion among group members, and(v) challenges of social workers coping. The creativity of social workers is highly recommended so that the implementation of group work can be maximized even if it is not like a face-to-face session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Malaysian society, the taboo topic pregnancy out of wedlock is believed as an immoral action. As the unwed mothers' situation could bring shame and disgrace to the family; thus, they tend to send them to the shelter homes to hide their pregnancy from others. This paper aims to explore the situation that cause circumstances of conception pregnancy out of wedlock and the family reactions among the unwed mothers living in the shelter homes. The investigation was based on the interviews with 31 informants selected through purposive sampling. The verbatim of the interviews had been analyzed according to Cresswell 's phenomenology approach with influenced by open and axial coding. In addition, it involved the combination mixed and matched between descriptive coding, emotion coding and values coding. The result shows there are four types of situations that cause pregnancy out of wedlock: raped, sexual abuse, false pretenses and love. Whilst there were three ways of families got to know about the pregnancy by themselves, professional and outsider. Family reactions were varying; lodge a police report, accepted the pregnancy and did not plan to get the unwed mothers married, a spur-of-the-moment marriage, sad, abusive behavior and isolation. Some families continue the support the unwed mothers via phone calls, visit and sending them food and daily use items, whilst some families refusing to give support at all. The findings are crucial for the family and professional helping profession such as social worker to improvise the interventions to fulfill the needs of unwed mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retention phase is fundamental in orthodontic treatment. Around 70% of patients are subjected to relapse postorthodontic treatment. The risk of relapse can be minimized by prescribing a retainer suitable to a patient's pre-treatment clinical condition and based on retention characteristics of retainers. When removable retainers are prescribed, responsibility of maintaining tooth stability lies on patients. Recent idea has been proposed that removable retainer should be worn indefinitely in order to maintain the treatment result. Therefore, the understanding of retention characteristics of removable retainers is important for promoting patient compliance and satisfaction. This article focuses on reviewing the use of removable retainers in relation to preferences among clinicians, patient acceptability, effectiveness, compliance, as well as retention regimes. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect and Scopus database. The search was performed up to June 2020 using a variety of keywords including orthodontic retainers, Hawley, vacuum formed and retention. Among the 248 publications that were initially searched, total of 56 publications were finally included. Twenty-seven were observational (6 prospective; 16 cross-sectional, 4 retrospective, and 1 case series), fourteen experimental, fourteen review articles, and one opinion piece. Although quite a number of reviews on removable retainers were available, several significant papers have been published recently. Furthermore, a guideline on retention regime is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Majallah al-Aḥkām al-‘Adliyyah belongs to the Ottoman Empire has been introduced in Johor, Malaysia during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1908). The book was brought to the Johor Government in 1893 during the reign of Johor’s Sultan Abu Bakar (1862-1895) in its Arabic language and it was translated later into Malay language and Jawi script during the reign of Sultan Ibrahim (1895-1959) in 1913. The translation was done by the Mufti of Johor and it is known as the Majalah Ahkam Johor. The book is a legal reference comprises the civil matters of muamalat, for example sale and purchase, rent and hibah, besides of containing court proceedings too. There are previous studies which affirmed that the Majalah Ahkam Johor was rarely used as a reference in court due to the expansion of colonial British in Malaya. The objective of this paper is to discuss and analyse the challenges of the use of the book in Johor and the obstacles in it’s implementation. The methodology of this study is based on qualitative design with historical research approach and document analysis from primary and contemporary data. The findings of this study shows that the use of the Majalah Ahkam Johor at the court level faced obstacles due to the British administration policy of interfering with the state legal and judicial system. Furthermore, the introduction of British law led to the abandonment of the use of Majalah Ahkam Johor as a reference on Islamic matters in Johor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the government's aspiration to stimulate our national economic growth and reduce unemployment rate in Malaysia, various efforts have been intensified to enhance the participation of SMEs entrepreneurs in the e-Commerce world. However, the involvement of SMEs entrepreneurs in this digital commerce still looks less exciting. Internet facilities are not optimally used by SMEs to explore new markets through business and digital marketing. This proves that SMEs behavioural acceptance is still low and not in line with Government aspirations. The successful implementation of intentions and actual behaviour is driven by positive attitudes, social support and a good behavioural control. By relying on the Model of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) and empirical observations through library research methodology, this concept paper reviews the strengths of each determinant in more detail in order to predict the acceptance behaviour. The discussion found that the SMEs intention and actual behaviour towards e-Commerce usage are encourage by factor of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control which is based on sub factors beliefs of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, trustworthiness, interpersonal influence, external influence, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will help academic and practical field to understand these phenomena as well as provided guidance for the policymakers in reviewing e-Commerce ecosystem and mechanism to further expand SMEs participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islamic banking is witnessing a significant increase in worldwide demand for its products alongside the increased interest in Sharīʿah governance, which is an essential means of ensuring that the products and activities of Islamic banking institutions fully comply with Sharīʿah (Islamic law), meet customer needs, and increase their competitiveness in both local and international markets. The aim of this paper is to evaluate Sharīʿah governance practices in Saudi Arabian banks and also ‎examine the level of adherence to Sharīʿah governance principles, institutional ‎frameworks, regulatory standards, and procedures within Saudi banks. This paper ‎employs a descriptive analysis approach, while the data were collected through a ‎questionnaire survey from 95 members of Sharīʿah advisory boards, Sharīʿah groups, and Sharīʿah governance committees ‎in 11 banks operating in Saudi Arabia. A regression analysis was performed to estimate relationships between the level of compliance and commitment to Sharīʿah governance in Saudi banks as a dependent variable, and the implementation of Sharīʿah governance, its dimensions, and the availability of implementing procedures of Sharīʿah governance as independent variables. The findings confirm the existence of variations between banks at ‎the level of implementing Sharīʿah governance principles and standards. The dimensions ‎of Sharīʿah governance received varying levels of attention in the banks, with ‎organizational structure ranking first, followed by the dimensions of responsibility and ‎disclosure, and finally, control, auditing, and accountability. The study reveals ‎disparities in the implementation levels of Sharīʿah governance between banks with full-fledged Sharīʿah compliance and conventional banks that offer Islamic windows. ‎Additionally, the study indicates differences in the adequacy of implementing ‎procedures for Sharīʿahgovernance principles and standards in both types of Saudi banks, attributed ‎to variations in bank size, product type, and organizational structure. The results of ‎the regression analysis demonstrate that the ‎implementation of Sharīʿah governance dimensions and the availability of implementing ‎procedures have a statistically positive effect on the level of commitment to Islamic banking and Sharīʿah governance. The paper suggests a necessity for training personnel in Islamic ‎banking, activating the role of Sharīʿah compliance units, and developing the ‎Sharīʿah governance framework in Islamic banking operations in Saudi Arabia.

This paper attempts to illustrate the primacy of the Shari’a-compliant murabaha transaction as a means of inconvertibility loss recovery by Islamic political risk insurers. In practical terms, the risk most likely to occur in an underdeveloped Muslim country is the risk of the local currency becoming inconvertible because of a certain action or inaction by the authorities of the host country which is the destination of an export trade transaction, or a foreign direct investment covered under a political risk insurance policy. The political risk insurance (PRI) operator most concerned with the subject of this paper is the Islamic Corporation for the Insurance of Investment and Export Credit (ICIEC), a member of the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) Group. Where the PRI operator is established within the auspices of a lending agency which lends in local currency, and provided that the necessary legal arrangements are in place, the PRI’s local currency holdings could be passed on to the lending agency in the host country and the foreign currency equivalent thereof paid over to the PRI operator at its head office. In countries where a lender is not extending local currency financing and a speedy economic recovery is not expected, an attractive alternative for a PRI operator, as the authors argue, is the utilization of the local currency in murabaha transactions. PRI operators’ apprehension about the risk of inconvertibility finds expression in denial of the inconvertibility coverage altogether. Where this is not the case, a PRI operator may impose recovery ceilings, demand the expiry of extended waiting periods, as well as compliance with a variety of other conditions prior to recovery. This paper argues that such measures are self-defeating. A Shari’a-compliant PRI operator is necessarily established to provide coverage against commercial and non-commercial risks in poor Muslim countries. To deny or restrict inconvertibility risk coverage in such countries is unacceptable. Murabaha is a panacea for currency inconvertibility: it is the most popular form of Islamic financing in the world, it is easy to structure, and its profits are almost certainly rewarding. While the risk of non-payment of the price by overseas buyers of Muslim country exports is minimal, risks associated with murabahacould be further minimized by means of export credit insurance coverage by local export promotion agencies.

This paper studies wood as a material for construction in the Bujang Valley and makes comparison with other regional settlements such as Yarang and Takuapa in Thailand together with Batujaya in Java. Wood has many uses in construction and is useful to determine whether there existed a technological relationship between the studied sites. This study is important as there has been no study on the usage of wood for construction in early port sites of Southeast Asia. Given that wood is a material that disintegrates easily and that most of the studied sites have already been disturbed, previous writings by archaeologists were consulted to gain a picture about the usage of wood. The period when wood was used was determined from the work of archaeologists. Wooden artefacts were not found in the Bujang Valley but is believed to have been used from the second to the fifteenth century CE based on the use of other, more resilient construction materials. Wood was used in Yarang and Takuapa but the period has not been determined accurately. At Batujaya, it was used from the fifth to tenth century CE. The ways in which wood was used cannot be determined accurately and this suggests that there was no technological transfer between the respective sites. It is suggested here that this study be conducted at other protohistoric port sites in Southeast Asia to give a more complete picture of the type of technologies that existed during the protohistoric period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kedah is a state with a history in the agricultural sector, such as rice and cassava production, since before the arrival of the British. However, the rubber started to be brought in after the British intervention in 1909, prompting many European and Chinese investors to open rubber plantations on a large scale. Until the beginning of the Second World War in 1941, the production of rubber cultivation overgrew. This paper aims to investigate the extent of the role and contribution of the Chinese in the Kedah rubber plantation sector from 1909 to 1941. This research highlights the method of content analysis as a key data collection method on the history of the Chinese in Kedah through The National Archives of Malaysia for data analysis on the function and contribution of the rubber cultivation field. The results of the study found that the Chinese were involved in developing the rubber plantation sector since the beginning rubber was introduced in 1909. Besides, they are also entrepreneurs and owners of rubber plantations. Up to 1930, the acreage of rubber plantations owned by the Chinese in Kedah exceeds another race such as Malay and India. Chinese workers were also brought in to further boost the rubber plantation sector. The Chinese also established associations among rubber entrepreneurs to look after the welfare of each other. Subsequently, several policies involving rubber cultivation were introduced by the British such as the introduction of ownership licenses and the sale of rubber. As a result, the significant involvement of the Chinese in the rubber plantation sector has increased the economic output of the state of Kedah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Studies on poverty have found that monetary scarcity can affect cognitive functioning and decision-making abilities. This is because, individuals who are poor, who experience monetary scarcity, can be easily triggered by budgetary issues and increased cognitive load as a result of having to constantly think about financial issues that eventually affect their ability to make effective decisions. Behavioural studies have found how increased cognitive load impedes cognitive performance and often becomes a significant factor that affects decision-making abilities. However, it is still unclear how cognitive load as a result of scarcity hinders cognitive performance, and what neural processing systems are being affected. Although there are behavioural differences between scarce mind and the non-scarce, the differences in neurobiological processes remain unexplored. Understanding specific neural correlates associated with monetary scarcity will facilitate in identifying how scarcity can impede specific neurocognitive processes. One way to measure neurobiological activity is by using electroencephalography (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs), which is capable of capturing intrinsic neuro-temporal activities. This paper highlights the importance of investigating the neurobiological basis of how poverty affects cognitive performance. Understanding behaviors related specific neural activities will help to facilitate in developing effective intervention programs that can be targeted to improve decision-making abilities for the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suhaid language is spoken in Seberuang and Suhaid river basins, Western Kalimantan (Indonesia). This language exhibited its uniqueness with the C+h (consonant + glottal fricative) sound system, which is similar to the aspirated occlusive voice. This aspirated occlusive is derived from the deletion of /É™/ in the penultimate syllable position. Since in Suhaid, r is correspondence to /h/, the C+h form will formed after the deletion of schwa. This paper discusses the existence of the aspirated occlusive voice from the perspective of Optimality phonology. This study has consolidated that this theory is a practicable approach to explain the generation of two different output after the deletion of schwa. This study found that in a disyllabic input, this deletion of schwa has lead to a floating mora which later being attached to immediate vowel and formed a vowel lengthening. On the other hand, for the trisyllabic input, the floating mora will attach to the onset nearby and produce a geminate consonant. This consonant later will undergo the process of degemination, segmental coalescence and eventually appeares as a breathy voiced in the output. Based on analysis, the *GEM (NO GEMINATE) and *COMPLEX ONSET (no more than one segment may associate to any one syllabic constituent) constraints played crucial role in terms of constraint satisfaction and violation. All the candidates with geminate consonant will be ruled out as fatal violation since *GEM dominates the other contraints in the constraint hierarchy. *COMPLEX ONSET on the other hand is an additional constraint that play specific roles to generate dwisyllabic output (from trisyllabic input). This constraint (as well as other constraints) will eliminates all the /C+h/ candidates and the candidate with breathy voice which fully satisfies the given constraint is the optimal candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of national ethos as a medium for building a nation state is less debated among the scholars. Hence, this article will examine the perspective of building a nation-state from the national ethos point of view as a dimension that needs to be carefully studied in shaping the formation of a nation. National ethos refers to the character, attitude, ethics, personality and confidence in the matters that can describe the characteristics of the spirit which shared by members of society. With the existence of a national ethos in the individuals, it can reflect the sentiments of nationhood that centered on the national platform. Accordingly, this paper is specifically applies the definition of national ethos as a unique characteristics of the local community that binds one individual with another individual, and that binds the individuals to the state. These unique characteristics encompass four main dimensions namely values, feelings and spirits, beliefs and identities. The unique characteristics of the national ethos become the main medium in the building process of a multi-ethnic Malaysian nation. The community who often get the attention when debating on the process of nation-building are the youth groups. This is because they are the backbone of the nation in the future. The successful of developing the youth groups is the main benchmark for the success of a nation-state development in the future. This study found that the four main dimensions, namely values, feelings and spirits, beliefs and identities have formed a strong bond between individuals and other individuals, and between individuals and the country, especially among the youths being studied. Therefore, in realizing the building of the Malaysian nation-state, the national ethos has become a medium that needs to be nurtured in every individuals, especially the youth groups who are still searching for their identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Happiness is a goal that is always sought by humans. Happiness is closely related to the human heart or soul, from peace, tranquility, or even satisfaction with oneself in life. This paper aims to reveal the concept of happiness in the perspective of Ibnul Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah. In this study, the authors used descriptive and analytical methods. After going through in-depth research, the author found three important conclusions. First, it relates to things that can affect the state of the heart and soul, and which are often sought by most people, namely 1) external happiness, in the form of wealth, power, fame. 2) physical or body, in the form of health and strength. 3) true happiness, namely useful 'ilm and the fruit from it is in the form of practice. Second, it relates to the sign of a person's happiness, namely 1) When he gets a favor, he will be grateful for the favor by using it in a way that is pleasing to Allah. 2) If he gets a disaster, he will always be patient. 3) When he commits a sin, he will immediately repent to Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala. Third, the key to getting these three things, namely the knowledge inherited by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and its practice. Faith, piety, cleanliness of heart, peace of heart and soul, are the fruits of 'ilm and also the practice of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zurri waqf stands as an alternative for estate planning upon the death of one’s parents. Despite having current alternative such as will writing, faraid and hibah, zurri waqf is viable as instrument to distribute wealth to the loved ones. Data given by Jabatan Ketua Pengarah Tanah dan Galian (JKPTG) in 2019 shows a total of RM60 billion of unclaimed property had been recorded. Amongst of the causes are; absence of will writing and little knowledge of wealth management from the heirs. Thus, zurri waqf stand as one mechanism which can be practiced to assist the parentless child in surviving their lifes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the zurri waqf instrument as an estate planning and to identify the zurri waqf management procedures in Malaysia. This study is a qualitative nature in the form of interview and content analysis. This paper benefits readers and researchers involved in gaining more knowledge about zurri waqf as a suitable instrument for the estate planning of Muslim property such as land cultivated as agriculture and involving the participation of beneficiaries in waqf assets development that can bring significant impact in the future. In addition, the zurri waqf management procedures need to be improved in order to encourage its implementation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ahmad Ibrahim was one of the key individuals who was responsible in developing the administrative legal system in Malaysia through judicial reform of the Sharia Court. Since colonial period, the Civil Court has been dominating the country’s legal system thus inhibiting the progress and contribution of Islamic law as well as limiting the jurisdiction of the Sharia Court. This article discusses the history of the Islamic law in Malaysia in the judicial administration context as well as analyses the achievement and development of the Sharia Court seen today as a result of the contributions and ideas conceived by Ahmad Ibrahim. This study uses the qualitative method by way of document analysis from books, journal articles, conference papers, newspaper excerpts and statutes such as the Federal Constitution, Acts, Enactments and related cases. The finding suggests that the modern and dynamic landscape of Malaysia Sharia Courts today is the result of Ahmad Ibrahim’s ideas and works through administrative, legal and educational approach which is organic and non-confrontational. This approach is indeed suitable and harmonious in the context of Malaysian multiracial and religious society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mainstream rise of "bundle" clothing consumption in Malaysia mirrors the global trend of thrift shopping. Theories about this phenomenon range from the birth of recessionistas, to environmental conservation and identity construction. In this paper, I examine the trend of "selam bundle", or diving into clothingbundles in thrift shops, where people deliberately purchase material goods to communicate their fashion tastes to the public. Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field are also used to elucidate this phenomenon. I theorise that the act of thrift shopping, or "selam bundle" here is not caused entirely due to a lack of funds based on social class, as individuals from various levels of income participate in this activity. Instead, I view "selam bundle" as an act of increasing one's "street cred" or social capital, where the more unique the find, the more "street cred" one achieves. This is also an activity that is common among the hipster subculture. Observations about thrift shopping or "selam bundle" were made using a mixed-method approach, combining visits to thrift stores, watching YouTube videos of thrift bloggers, reading their blogs, obtaining newspaper interviews and feature stories about thrift shoppers and thrift shops, and obtaining data from social media, as well as data from a large-scale survey titled Platform Integrasi:Pendekatan 'Top-Down' dan 'Bottom-Up' Dalam Mendepani Cabaran Kesepaduan Sosial (Integration Platforms: 'Top-Down' and 'Bottom-Up' Approaches to Facing Challenges in Social Cohesion). As this is a shopping act that transcends the usual social categories of social class, I theorise that "selam bundle" can be seen as a potential platform of social integration, driven by the grassroots or everyday-defined approach to constructing identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the world economy created its own footprint as a result of the phenomenon. 1/3 of that economic space is owned by the informal economy also referred to as the Local Economy or System D. The increasingly sophisticated and world-class phenomenon takes the place of the economic space left by the formal economy. The manipulation of the vast resources, the dynamic practices that take place in the legal and illegal dimensions, provide a guarantee of employment shadowed by survival. This paper traces the phenomenon occurring on the Sebatik Islands of Malaysia and Indonesia. The research approach is qualitative based on the interviews of key informants. The results suggest that this phenomenon occurs due to the fact that economic space and opportunities can be exploited for the sake of sustainability in meeting economic demands, especially marginalized groups at the border that ultimately establish a local integration of kinship relations beyond ethnicity, identity and ethnic boundaries itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refugee's narrative in Malaysia is unforeseen because most of them live in vulnerability without essential necessities such as shelters, foods, financial issues, difficulties in getting medical treatment and children living sans formal education. The instability of the refugee life has attracted the attention of many actors notably NGOs, to provide humanitarian assistance. Therefore, this paper sheds light on identifying the role of NGOs in alleviating refugee suffering and concurrently to explore how their participation contributes to community integration. This study is a case study that adopted a qualitative approach through a semi-structured interview with four MyCARE's officers and participant observation. The selection of organization has been made based on the active participation of refugees in Malaysia since its establishment. The findings show that forms of humanitarian assistance are subsistence assistance, food packs, health care, education, counselling, self-reliance and qurban have greatly reduced the burden of refugees. The NGOs involvement, activities, foreign partnerships, recipient, distribution across the globe, charitable, government support through this humanitarian activities have found elements of religious, ethnic, ethnic, gender, age and power to share in unity and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of the South China Sea disputes must consider the "hedging" behavior of the claimant and non-claimant countries. This behavior is characterized by an insistence on not aligning with any of the competing powers, through intentionally contradictory actions to offset multiple risks, or through a continuous effort to maintain a fallback position. Indeed, in the face of China's increasingly assertive actions and U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy, nearly all the states in the region have avoided "balancing" (fully aligning with the U.S. to check China) and none of them have adopted "bandwagoning" (fully aligning with China for economic reasons but at the expense of autonomy and other national interests). Instead the Southeast Asian states have insisted on hedging. This paper argues that this proclivity to hedge is a result of both structural and domestic factors. Structurally, the high uncertainties surrounding China's intentions, U.S. commitment, and future U.S.-China ties have compelled the smaller states to avoid putting all their eggs in either power's basket. Domestically, for their political legitimation, the ruling elites in the states hedge to offset multiple risks and pursue mixed policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sabah 2020 State Legislative Assembly (DUN) General Election (GE) was held following the declaration of the dissolution of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly by the Yang Dipertua Negeri Sabah at the request of the Chief Minister of Sabah, Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal. He acted in this way because of the endless political game in Sabah by the opposition party in the state which managed to gather a number of Sabah state assemblymen with a simple majority to shift support to the former Chief Minister, Tan Sri Datuk Seri Musa Aman to be appointed as the new Chief Minister. Although the former Chief Minister brought the case of the dissolution of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly to court but in the end the GE of Sabah State Legislative Assembly was still held. This Sabah State Legislative Assembly GE is seen as a test to see the influence of WARISAN-PKR and the Perikatan Nasional (PN) in the situation of the Covic-19 epidemic. The purpose of writing this article to analyze the political influence of ethnic parties based on the Sabah 2020 GE. Based on the analysis of Sabah 2020 GE results data and analysis of secondary sources such as journal articles and conference papers, the findings show that voters support political parties in the GE of Sabah State Legislative Assembly is based on sentiment leadership partisan ethnic namely UMNO (BN) and PN (BERSATU) led by Malays support in the majority ethnic Sabah Malays and Brunei Malay by UMNO and BERSATU leadership and Rungus-Kadazan-Dusun-Murut by STAR and PBS Kadazan-Dusun ethnic leadership while WARISANPKR support in the majority ethnic Bajau by WARISAN Bajau leader and Chinese in urban by Chinese ethnic leaders from DAP and PKR allied with WARISAN. The implication from the writing of this article is that ethnic-based party politics continues to gain the trust of voters as voters are more confident and trust their own ethnic leaders to fight for their destiny in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The holy book of Qur'an is a book that has the perfection of all aspects either in terms of its meaning or its reading rules. The Qur'an is still maintained and guided by all Muslims in the world until now. Besides of having a high language, the beauty of the Qur'an can also be seen in terms of its reading rules that known as the rules of tajwid. The beauty of reading Qur'an can be seen when there is a combination of the sound of Qur'anic alphabet that be read according to the correct reading rules. However, the division of tajwid rules that need to be applied in the reading of the Qur'an is so widespread. In learning tajwid, the classification of each rules is divided into several parts. Each of these rules also shows the different process and ways of reading them even though they are classified in a same category of rule. So that, this paper is made to discuss about one part of the rule involving the nasal sound (quiescent nun and nunation) exists in the Qur'an words. The main purpose of this paper is to show the relevance of the existence of the assimilation process in tajwid rules with other speech languages in Malaysia such as Malay and English. This assimilation process is a process of merging a sound into the sound of a consonant that comes after it. This nasal assimilation process seen in the tajwid rules that affected the way how to pronounce Qur'an words in certain rules. For instance Idgham Bila al-Ghunnah, Idgham Maal Ghunnah, Ikhfa' Hakiki, Izhar Halqi, and Iqlab. Thus, this paper is hoped to help the reader to recognize the assimilation process in these three parts differently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community is a dynamic concept which always changed and constructed through primitive and virtual form. The construction community is a direct impact due to the development of technology and the internet as well as the urbanization processes. Scholars who discuss and argue about community concept are Emile Durkheim, Ferdinand Tonnies and Robert Redfield as well as some other figures. Among the concepts that impressed and had a big impact in measuring the community was the concept introduced by Ferdinand Tonnies, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Gemeinschaft is a situation that refers to a real community while Gesellschaft refers to community changes described by the concept of society associated with organizations and associations to create a new community of communities based on organizational strength within the community. In some circumstances, scholars associate it with neo-Gemeinschaft. This paper attempts to highlight the concept of community, debate about it and receive a response from paper presenters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women are gentle and loving creatures because of their subtle feelings. Women which symbolised like a crooked ribs do not mean a weaknesses, but is actually a complementing. Women play an important role in shaping the future of the country. Women also have a great responsibility in the formation and development of families and Muslim societies. Therefore, negative responses to women need to be. However, to be a perfect woman in Islam, women should be led by men because that is the advantage that Allah has bestowed upon men as the privilege of caring is bestowed upon women. In general, this paper discusses the understanding of the role of women in a family institution in the Islamic perspective. In addition, this paper also explains the role of women in a family institution. The outcome of this discussion can help further enhance understanding and create awareness of every woman about the role that should be done in the family institution in accordance with the guidelines and recommendations of the Islamic religion, thus the woman can improve every weaknesses inherent in each individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on defining Islamic oriented film, an idea introduced by Naim Ahmad. This is an alternative idea conceptualized by Naim Ahmad to pave a more scholarly way in defining an Islamic film. Given that the concept of an Islamic oriented film is new - still less scrupulously described by scholars -, the aim of this paper is to demystify and therefore systematize the definitions and principles involved in defining an Islamic oriented film. This is because Naim Ahmad himself provides no clear principles of his concept. To elucidate this concept further, two films from Indonesia entitled Perempuan Berkalung Sorban (2009) and Ayat-ayat Cinta (2008) were purposely selected. The female character was chosen as the focus of the textual analysis. This analysis is framed by Prophetic Social Theory, a theory pioneered by Kuntowijoyo around the 1980s. The theory is based on the holy Quran through the verse-110 from Surah Ali 'Imran. It has three principles, which are Humanization, Liberation and Transcendence. However, this paper focuses only on the principle of Humanization. The findings indicate that both films contain Humanization principle as communicated via the female characters. This shows that the theory used in this study can contribute towards defining Islamic oriented film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the lessons to be learnt from the events in early Muslim history on how to confront and deal with extremism. This paper applies historiography methododology as well as the library method for data collection. Furthermore, a critical analysis on the historical record is undertaken using inductive and deductive methods to summarize lessons on how the early muslim had confronted with the extremism. It is worthy to begin with a brief explanation that touches on the background of the problem, followed by the definition of extremism. Next, the discussion is focusing on extremism at the time of Prophet s.a.w. and the Khawarij. Furthermore, the study concludes some lessons from history that can be taken in confronting extremism. This research paper found that the extremists should be encountered through the initiative of society as a whole. Extremism should also be faced through shaping the perception, arguments and physical encountering if necessary. It is proposed that further study should be done to identify the elements which can be listed as guidelines for arguments and fighting in confronting the extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In East Asia, few relationships have evolved as much as that between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. While important differences remain, relations have seen a marked improvement over the past decade, especially when compared to the considerable suspicion that once defined their relations. This paper is to examine the ASEAN-China bilateral able to establish cooperation in the context of the political, security and economic in addition to the two sides discussed the strategy in dealing with strategic issues. Hence, to deepen understanding of the subject matter of this study, some aspects of which were also discussed briefly the history of ASEAN, the background of bilateral relations ASEAN-China and China's involvement in multilateral ASEAN. In addition, this paper also analyzes the bilateral relations between both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of One Person Company (OPC) has revolutionized the concept of Company operations around the world. Many countries have witnessed significant growth in their economy and Gross Domestic Products (GDP) as a result of the development of OPC. The concept of OPC received much reception because it allows one person to operate a company that has a corporate personality distinct from him. This paper is a comparative study of OPC practices in Asia and Europe with focus on legal entity, incorporation procedure, minimum share capital, appointment of a nominee and conversion of OPC. By using the doctrinal data gathering approach, the researchers examine the relevant journals, articles, books, papers, and Internet sources with a view to achieve the objective of the study. In choosing the sample States, the article further uses the GDPs as a yardstick for selecting the participating countries. The reason for adopting the GDP as the criterion is because it provides an economic snapshot of a nation which is used to calculate the size of an economy and its growth rate. The findings of the research paper reveal that the economies around the world were boosted since the inception of the OPCs. Countries like the United Kingdom, Singapore and China witnessed 3.5 percent growth in their economy since inception of OPCs. Establishing and operating Businesses have become easy because the single shareholder need not go through the tedious process of documentations, getting minimum requirements for partners as is applicable for other forms of company operations.

The positive acceptance of cryptocurrency by the public indicates their interest and enthusiasm for cryptocurrency. Nevertheless, the regulatory overlay related to cryptocurrency is still at its infancy level, posing challenges to its estate administration upon the death of the owner of a cryptocurrency, which will lead to its disappearance and loss as it becomes impossible to be inherited. Hence, in light of this undesirable possibility, this paper aims to analyze the legal and Shariah issues on the estate administration of cryptocurrency from the perspectives of Malaysian laws and Shariah. This paper examined doctrinal research by examining relevant legal provisions, Shariah rulings, fatwa, cases, and non-legal literature on estate administration. This paper concludes that there is a lacuna in the estate administration of cryptocurrency as its regulatory framework is still new and evolving. Therefore, the legal and Shariah issues highlighted in this paper may provide some important policy implications for regulators and policymakers to fulfil the lacuna in the estate administration of cryptocurrency in Malaysia.

This paper aims to examine the conveyable and unconveyable factors of proper names' cultural meaning from Chinese into Malay language. This research involves 90 proper names, which are collected manually from Xiyouji, and the translated text, Hikayat Jelajah ke Barat. This study utilises a number of theories which have been identified eclectically, that is the theories of proper names by Wang Li (1947) and Li Rui (2014); the categorization of cultural meaning of proper names based on definition of Buddhism encyclopedia Zhongguo Fojiao Baike Quanshu (2001), Taoism dictionary Zhonghua Daojiao Dacidian (1995), and Li Rui's definition (2014); the accuracy of meaning based on theory of Larson (1984) and Newmark (1988). The findings show that the conveyable cultural meaning factors are the existence of cultural elements in the sociolinguistic network of Chinese-Malay language due to interaction between cultures, the application of suitable translation techniques, and the cultural meaning that is understandable through the context. The unconveyable cultural meaning factors are the non-existence of cultural meaning in the sociolinguistic network of Chinese-Malay language, and the differences in cultural meaning between the time calculation system of lunar calendar and Malay time concept. Indeed, exploring the whole cultural meaning of proper names and the application of correct translation theories are vital to ensure the proper names' cultural meaning are conveyed into the target text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the formulation of the principles of Islamic education in the monotheism paradigm initiated by Naquib al-Attas. The urgency of the problem in this paper is to reveal the results of the deep contemplation of Naquib al-Attas on the practice of Islamic education nowadays which seems to have "run away" from the Islamic worldview (ru'yah al-Islām li alWujūd) which the author analyzed into five principles of the epistemology of Islamic education are based on monotheism. This library research uses qualitative data with primary sources, Prolegomena to The Metaphysics of Islam An Exposition of The Fundamental Elements of The Wordview of Islam (1995), and secondary sources from the works of Naguib al-Attas, including other people's work on their ideas and thoughts. This research result conclusions: First, the interpretation of monotheism is not limited to the theocentric dimension alone, but rather develops in the meaning in the anthropocentric dimension as well as the integration between the two in education and science so that the proper and true education term is ta'dib. Second, the implications of education as ta'dib, gave birth to the consequences of five principles of the epistemology of Islamic education in a monotheistic paradigm to be used as a reference in the system and process of civilized Islamic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the migration of the Malays to Kerian, Perak from 1816 until 1873. The migration of the Malays from Malay states in general and in Perak specifically before the British colonisation in 1874, has never been discussed in detail in any publications on migration as the main subject. Instead, the existing writings on the Malays' migration of Peninsular Malay states date their discussions back to the British colonial intervention in 1874. Lack of resources is the main factor impeding more discussions of the topic research on the migration still needs to be done to fill in the gaps in scholarship on the migration among Malays in the Peninsula. In addition, the existing writings on migration in the Peninsular Malay states focus on the migration of the Chinese and Indian migrants as well as the migration of the Malays from the islands of the Dutch Indies (now known as the Indonesian Archipelago). This helps raise questions on the existence as well as importance of the internal Malay migration in the Peninsula. This article finds that, the internal migration of the Malays which refers to the migration from Kedah, Seberang Perai and Pulau Pinang beginning from 1816 was very significant in the emergence of Kerian as an important paddy cultivation district to the Perak administration as direct British colonisation of Perak in 1874 approached. The primary sources used in writing this article are the records of the British administrators in the Straits Settlements and The Burney Papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malay, like any other languages in the world, is known for its diverse metaphorical expressions to convey specific purposes as an alternative to the literal expressions. Although typically, speakers of a language are able to distinguish literal expressions from the metaphorical ones, little is known about how these differences are identified in the cognition. Hence, this paper discusses findings of a study that investigates the cognitive processes in reading Malay literal and metaphorical expressions from a psycholinguistic perspective. This study that involved 40 Malay students reading 40 Malay sentences with 20 literal and 20 metaphorical expressions used the Tobii TX300 Eye Tracking Devices (APGM) as a tool to link eye movement patterns with reader's cognition. The findings show that only six out of the 20 expressions studied show significant differences between the two expression types in their visit counts, fixation duration, and fixation counts. Qualitatively, analysis of visual representation of heatmaps and gaze plots shows differences when the two types of expressions are read. To explain the difference, the DBP corpus data was used to see how the expressions are used in everyday contexts. This paper concludes that the processing patterns of Malay literal and metaphorical expressions in the cognition of Malay speakers are influenced by the frequency of usage by their speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the Education For All (EFA), education is an absolute right to all the children in this world. UNICEF as one of the United Nations body provides humanitarian and development programme to children around the world, including promoting education for girls and ensuring at least to complete their primary education. The struggle for children educational development involves the role of the media and is an important issue among administrators and politicians. However, unknowingly sources from the genre of literature, especially autobiographical works can stimulate interest and even preserve education for children. In Literature, the study of figures in the autobiographical works can be an effective medium to cultivate good values to the children. Hence, this paper attempts to explain how the genre of autobiography as one the varieties from the literary works can be used as a new platform in the revolution of children education. This discussion explores how a Children's Figure Malala Yousafzai from Mingora, a small town in Pakistan; in her autobiography I Am Malala fight for children girls education in Pakistan. In 2014, Malala's autobiography has been recognized with the Nobel-Peace Award. Malala's autobiography has inspired the world and triggered world leaders to recognize children education. The story of her struggle depicted in her autobiography I Am Malala has inspired not only Pakistanis but also world leaders in recognizing education for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health is an important component for well-being beside physical health. Recent years, mental illness has become a challenge in society. However, public stigma towards mental illness is very bad. This stigma makes people with mental illness have difficulty to recover and to get help from society. This paper reports the evidences gathered through the recovered patients themselves of the importance of openness towards mental illness and the need for removal of stigma towards mental illness. There were six interviewees participated in a study conducted in a nongovernmental organization (NGO) that supports mental wellness at Petaling Jaya City. The permission of interview was granted by the NGO's management and also the participants. The data gathered was open-ended answers addressing questions which are related to their feeling, public perceptions and also their expectation of the society and supports provided by external parties such as government. The results of the study show that the perception towards mental illness patients should be more open and receptive. Supports and reception given to them is crucial. Public and government should work together to build a mentally healthy and supportive environment for a better society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is generally seen as a necessary rule in human life to make social activities successful. From the perspective of speech, languages are used for a variety of purposes such as giving thoughts, communicating, disseminating ideologies and influencing the public. Effective speeches typically have a compromise of orderly information through a pattern of informational compilation as a theme and rheme. The use of theme and rheme allows the verses in a paragraph to be well organized until the sequence of information is smoothly delivered and independent. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the type of pattern of information arrangement and clarify its usage in the 2019 Budget speech text. The data of the speech text in Malay language was downloaded by the researchers through the official portal of the Ministry of Finance Malaysia (MOF) on March 25th, 2019 - http://www.treasury.gov.my/pdf/bajet/ucapan/ub19.pdf. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative method. The theory of the thematic progression that Danes (1974) inspired was used throughout the research process. Based on the results of the study, there are four types of information ordering patterns used by the speaker, namely, linear thematic (zig-zag), perpetual theme tematic, thematic theme from hypertheme and thematic theme from detailed breakdown rheme. The collaboration of all four patterns of information shows that these patterns play a role in creating contextual, structured and easy-to-read 2019 Budget speech text. In this way, the pattern of structured information is able to structure a logical and systematic flow of information dissemination by the speaker to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam puts women in a very noble position after the advent of Islam. The question often asked to the community is the rights and roles of women in an institution. In fact, the role of women today is on par with the role of men as long as they do not conflict with Islamic law. In addition, the issue of this woman's role is a warm conversation as it touches on the persecution committed against women. The 'Sorrounding Woman of Sorban' film opened the eyes of the community to recognize the woman more closely. The film has been adapted from novel to movie level to highlight issues raised specifically for Muslim women. The film also features persecution against women. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the rights of Muslim women in the Sorban Banded Woman film. In addition, this study will link the issues of women with the role of women in Islam. The methodology used in this study is library study and document analysis. Information is obtained through scientific references related to research titles such as books, theses, papers, newspapers, articles, the internet, and other suitable materials for reference. The results of this study will find that the researcher will differentiate the reality of the role of women today with the 'Perempuan Berkalung Sorban' film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every individual wants a comfortable home and a reasonable price to produce a good quality of life. House can be a symbol of one's wealth and achievement. The value of house generally increases every year and purchasing a house can be a long-term investment asset. Therefore, the decision to buy a house is an important decision in one's life where the mistake of making a choice will lead to high financial burden especially for middle-income households. Therefore, it is the purpose of this article to study the factors of home ownership in the Tras state constituency, Raub, Pahang. The writing of this paper is based on methodology of questionnaires were distributed to 380 respondents which consist of groups of middle-income households. Next, the data from the questionnaires were analysed using SPSS software and presented in tables as well as the writing of the results of this study confirmed with the relevant secondary sources. The results show that the majority of respondents agreed that the issue of house ownership could be resolved by government intervention whereby the government should regulate house prices. Therefore, the findings of this study are intended to serve as a general reference or guide for all parties, especially developers and the government in solving the problem of house ownership in the study area. The parties must also be more attentive to meeting the needs of the community while at the same time ensuring the wellbeing of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homestay is one of the approaches often sought in developing rural tourism. In developing homestays, many scholars reveal that a community-based tourism approach is an effective and successful way of leveraging entrepreneurs as well as homestay community. On another note, scholars suggest the cooperative approach is a successful means for homestay development. In fact, parts of the successful homestays which have achieved the Asean Homestay Standard are the homestays operated through cooperatives. However, how this approach is implemented is scarcely researched. This paper aims to uncover the mechanism on how cooperatives develop homestay programs and how they can sustain acceptance of members of the community. This study is based on the in-depth research and a survey of 122 cooperative members in three homestays, which have won the Asean Homestay Standard in Negeri Sembilan comprising the Pachitan Homestay, Lonek Homestay and Rawa Homestay. The findings reveal a cooperative approach that benefits the community in facilitating homestay development. The co-operatives and communities have embraced the cooperative approach well because its management is two-way, engaging and add values, homestay as a business. Members and communities are involved not only in the planning, development and implementation stages, but also in the assessment of their performance. Emphasis on the governance, business, promotion and evaluation as well as human capital development has made a difference for members and the community. This cooperative approach not only uplifts the hopes of members and the community, but also empowers them and proves that homestay is a successful community-based tourism development model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of contemporary Salafi school in the mainstream Muslims is intended to make the Ahl al-Salaf as the primary models of faith and to return the related problems of faith according to the path taken by the companions and tabi'in, which had been quoted only from the al-Quran and al-Sunnah. These stances left great influences on their method of interpretations upon the Quranic verses including the Ayat al-Sifat (verses on Divine Attributes) and condemning others out of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. Therefore this research is intended to identify responses of Muslim figures and scholars against the Contemporary Salafi School's stances and their method of interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat. In addition, this research is also intended to explain the views of the majority of scholars on the conceptual and methods of interpretation of Ayat al-Sifat adopted by the Ahl al- Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. The paper is produced with the synthesization of content analysis that focuses on published works by selected Contemporary Salafi school figures and other muslim scholars and also relevant contemporary researchers in relation to these issues of Ayat al-Sifat and its methods of interpretations. The results of this research found that most scholars do not accept the method of literal interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat proclaimed by Contemporary Salafi School due to the existence of two catogeries of the Quranic verses, which are known as Wadih Jalli and Khafi Mutashabih or Mutashabih al-Sifat. In certain cases, the method of 'ta'wil' is highly needed to clarify the meaning of Ayat al-Sifat so easily understood by human intellect and at the same time to purify Allah the almighty from signs of weaknesses and resemblance. The extreme acts from Contemporary Salafi School in defending their methods of interpretations make them an 'exclusive' school which separated themselves from other muslims, and limit the diversity of the methods of interpretations enabled by the majority of mufassirin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdullah Thufail Saputra, a Pakistani-Javanese descendant, was one of the most influential figures in the spread of puritan da'wah in Solo in the 1970s and 1990s. He founded the Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur'an, which is now the largest and most massive Islamic organization in Solo. This study uses a qualitative approach. This study is complemented by essential elements such as observations, as well as in-depth interviews with some of Thufail's closest people. This study also examines some of the necessary documents, especially Thufail era brochures, MTA study recordings, and other documents. This study tries to explore Abdullah Thufail's intellectual journey, starting from his traditional educational background, changing his outlook from a traditional person to later becoming a Salafipuritan, his missionary struggle, and how he founded and developed the MTA. This paper also discusses the struggle of MTA in accepting the sole principle of Pancasila and how MTA subsequently changed orientation after joining the New Order circle in 1984. The author also argues that the doctrine of zakat and jihad, which Thufail interpreted, became the central pillar for further MTA da'wah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]