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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in the elderly. The treatment of this condition is based on anticoagulation to prevent stroke and systemic arterial embolism. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have long been the only anticoagulants available for the management of AF. Administration is complex and is one of the main causes of iatrogenic disease in the elderly. In the past 10 years, direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged, and large randomised trials (RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE, ENGAGE-AF) have demonstrated their superiority over VKAs in the management of AF. These trials were conducted on large numbers of patients (n=71,683), including 27,500 patients aged ≥75 years and nearly 8,000 subjects aged >80 years. Results from 11 recent meta-analyses of randomised trials and observational real-world studies of 660,896 elderly patients indicate that DOACs are more effective than VKA-based prophylaxis in preventing stroke (with a reduction in risk ranging from 13% to 26%), and carry a lower risk of cerebral haemorrhaging (50% reduction in risk). The risk of major haemorrhaging appears to be similar to, or lower than that with DOACs relative to VKAs (depending on the dosage, renal function, haemorrhagic site or type of DOAC). Moreover, improved outcomes with DOACs over VKA therapy have been demonstrated based on subgroup analyses in subjects aged over 75, in patients with renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance: 30-50 mL/min) and in those with a history of falls. Analyses indicate that DOACs are a better choice than VKAs in the elderly because elderly patients are at greatest risk of stroke and cerebral haemorrhaging. In summary, DOACs have a better efficacy/tolerance profile than VKAs, which justifies their first-line use in subjects over 75 years of age.

Asthma often starts before six years of age. However, there remains uncertainty as to when and how a preschool-age child with symptoms suggestive of asthma can be diagnosed with this condition. This delays treatment and contributes to both short- and long-term morbidity. Members of the Canadian Thoracic Society Asthma Clinical Assembly partnered with the Canadian Paediatric Society to develop a joint working group with the mandate to develop a position paper on the diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers. In the absence of lung function tests, the diagnosis of asthma should be considered in children one to five years of age with frequent (≥8 days/month) asthma-like symptoms or recurrent (≥2) exacerbations (episodes with asthma-like signs). The diagnosis requires the objective document of signs or convincing parent-reported symptoms of airflow obstruction (improvement in these signs or symptoms with asthma therapy), and no clinical suspicion of an alternative diagnosis. The characteristic feature of airflow obstruction is wheezing, commonly accompanied by difficulty breathing and cough. Reversibility with asthma medications is defined as direct observation of improvement with short-acting ß2-agonists (SABA) (with or without oral corticosteroids) by a trained health care practitioner during an acute exacerbation (preferred method). However, in children with no wheezing (or other signs of airflow obstruction) on presentation, reversibility may be determined by convincing parental report of a symptomatic response to a three-month therapeutic trial of a medium dose of inhaled corticosteroids with as-needed SABA (alternative method), or as-needed SABA alone (weaker alternative method). The authors provide key messages regarding in whom to consider the diagnosis, terms to be abandoned, when to refer to an asthma specialist and the initial management strategy. Finally, dissemination plans and priority areas for research are identified.L’asthme fait souvent son apparition avant l’âge de six ans. Cependant, il subsiste des incertitudes relativement à quand et comment un enfant d’âge préscolaire ayant des symptômes de type asthmatique peut être diagnostiqué avec cette condition. Ceci retarde le traitement et contribue à la morbidité à court et à long terme. L’Assemblée clinique sur l’asthme de la Société canadienne de thoracologie s’est associée à la Société canadienne de pédiatrie pour créer un groupe de travail conjoint afin de préparer un document de principes sur le diagnostic et la prise en charge de l’asthme chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire. En l’absence de mesures de la fonction pulmonaire, le diagnostic d’asthme devrait être envisagé chez les enfants de un à cinq ans ayant des symptômes de type asthmatique fréquents (≥8 jours/mois) ou des exacerbations récurrentes (≥2) (épisodes accompagnés de signes compatibles). Le diagnostic nécessite une documentation objective des signes cliniques ou un compte rendu parental convaincant de symptômes d’obstruction des voies respiratoires et de réversibilité de l’ obstruction (amélioration suite à un traitement pour l’asthme), ainsi que l’absence de suspicion clinique de tout autre diagnostic. La respiration sifflante, souvent accompagnée de difficultés respiratoires et de toux, est le signe cardinal de l’obstruction des voies respiratoires. La réversibilité à la suite de la prise de médicaments pour l’asthme se définie par l’observation directe par un professionnel de la santé compétent, d’une amélioration après l’administration de ß

National audience; Interactive paper technologies offer new opportunities for supporting the highly individual practices of creative artists, such as contemporary music composers, who express and explore their ideas on both paper and the computer. We introduce PaperComposer, a graphical interface builder that allows users to create a personalized interactive paper interface that they can connect to their own computer-based musical data. We also present an API that facilitates the development of interactive paper components for PaperComposer. We describe one public demonstration of a novel musical interface designed for children and our collaborations with composers to create two novel interactive music interfaces that reflected their individual composition styles.

Frailty in the older population is a clinical syndrome which evaluate a risk level. The Frailty syndrome defines a reduction of the adaptation capacity to a stress. It can be modulated by physical, psychological and social factors. The screening of the frailty syndrome is relevant for older people without disability for basic activities of daily living. The clinical criteria of frailty must be predictive of the risk of functional decline and adverse outcomes, consensual at the international level, and easy to perform in primary care as well as in the clinical researches.

Hermann Schmitz, the author of the text that is presented here in translation, can be regarded as a founding father of research on atmosphere for the German-speaking world. He is however not a founder in the sense of having intentionally laid a foundation stone for a field of research, by publishing a monograph or important essay on the subject of atmospheres, which was subsequently developed and became more differentiated. Rather, his first use of the concept of atmospheres was in a subordin...

Biochemical diagnosis of hereditary metabolic diseases requires the detection and simultaneous identification of a large number of compounds, hence the interest in metabolic profiles. Acylcarnitine profile allows the identification and quantification of more than thirty compounds. As part of the accreditation process for medical biology examinations according to standard NF EN ISO 15189, the group from SFEIM recommends an approach to accredit acylcarnitine profile. Validation parameters and recommendations are discussed in this specific framework.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This position paper summarizes theoretical and practical aspects of the monitoring of artificial nutrition and metabolism in critically ill patients, thereby completing ESPEN guidelines on intensive care unit (ICU) nutrition. METHODS: Available literature and personal clinical experience on monitoring of nutrition and metabolism was systematically reviewed by the ESPEN group for ICU nutrition guidelines. RESULTS: We did not identify any studies comparing outcomes with monitoring versus not monitoring nutrition therapy. The potential for abnormal values to be associated with harm was clearly recognized. The necessity to create locally adapted standard operating procedures (SOPs) for follow up of enteral and parenteral nutrition is emphasised. Clinical observations, laboratory parameters (including blood glucose, electrolytes, triglycerides, liver tests), and monitoring of energy expenditure and body composition are addressed, focusing on prevention, and early detection of nutrition-related complications. CONCLUSION: Understanding and defining risks and developing local SOPs are critical to reduce specific risks. ispartof: CLINICAL NUTRITION vol:38 issue:2 pages:584-593 ispartof: location:England status: published

La biomasse est une source d’énergie renouvelable qui peut contribuer de manière significative à la réduction de la consommation de combustibles fossiles. L’utilisation de déchets agricoles ou agro-industriels tels que les grignons d’olives est particulièrement pertinente. La gazéification est une technique prometteuse de valorisation énergétique des déchets pour ce type de résidus lignocellulosiques. La technologie est cependant adaptée à un panel relativement limité de combustibles solides ayant des spécifications définies, qui doivent donc être caractérisées correctement. Le but de cette étude était d’analyser et de comparer des grignons d’olives de 3 origines différentes par des techniques complémentaires telles que la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformer de Fourier, la thermogravimétrie couplée à l’analyse calorimétrique différentielle et la pyrolyse suivie d’une chromatographie en phase gazeuse / spectrométrie de masse (Py-CG/SM). Les résultats soulignent la nature complexe des grignons qui sont principalement organiques. En plus des principaux composés organiques (cellulose, hémicelluloses et lignine), la présence de plusieurs constituants organiques mineurs a été montrée. La Py-CG/SM a montré que le gaz produit par pyrolyse contient plusieurs produits de dégradation de la matière lignocellulosique et de l’huile d’olive. L’influence du procédé d’extraction de l’huile d’olive (à deux phases ou à trois phases) a également été mise en évidence. La dégradation thermochimique des grignons suit un mécanisme complexe mais la composition des grignons répond à la plupart des spécifications requises par la gazéification., Biomass is a renewable energy source that can make a significant contribution to reducing fossil fuels consumption. The use of agricultural or agro-industrial waste such as olive mill solid residues is particularly relevant. Gasification is a promising waste-to-energy technique for this type of lignocellulosic residues. The technology however is adapted to a relatively limited panel of solid waste fuels of defined specifications, which must therefore be characterized properly. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare olive mill solid residues from 3 different origins by complementary techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry coupled to differential scanning calorimetry and analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-CG/SM). The results underlined the complex nature of the residues, which are mainly organic. In addition to the major compounds (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin), the presence of several minor organic constituents was shown. Py-CG/SM showed that the gas produced by pyrolysis contains several degradation products of lignocellulosic material and olive oil. The influence of the olive oil extraction process (two-phase or three-phase) was also highlighted. The thermochemical degradation of olive mill residues follows a complex pathway but the composition of the residues meets most of the requirements parameters for gasification.

Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein that has a high frequency in tumor cells. Normally it is found in the endoplasmic reticulum to assist in protein folding, but under cellular stress, GRP78 influences proliferative signaling pathways at the cell surface. The increased expression elicits autoantibody production, providing a biomarker of ovarian cancer, as well as other types of cancer. This study aims to determine the epitope recognition of GRP78 autoantibodies isolated from serum of ovarian cancer patients and use the identified antibodies to design new drug delivery systems to specifically target cancer cells. We first confirmed that the membrane GRP78 levels are increased in ovarian cancer cells and positively correlate with proliferation. However, the level of circulating GRP78 autoantibodies did not correlate with membrane GRP78 expression in ovarian cancer cells and was lower, although not significantly, compared to control patients. We then determined the epitope recognition of GRP78 autoantibodies and showed that treatment with paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles coated with anti-GRP78 antibodies significantly decreased tumor development in chick embryo culture of ovarian cancer cell tumors compared to paclitaxel treatment alone. This evidence suggests that nanoparticle drug delivery systems coupled with antibodies against GRP78 has potential as a powerful therapy against ovarian cancer.

Background: Web-based surveys have become a new and popular method for collecting data, but only a few studies have directly compared postal and Web-based surveys among physicians, and none to our knowledge among general practitioners (GPs). Objective: Our aim is to compare two modes of survey delivery (postal and Web-based) in terms of participation rates, response times, and completeness of questionnaires in a study assessing GPs’ preventive practices. Methods: This randomized study was conducted in Western Switzerland (Geneva and Vaud) and in France (Alsace and Pays de la Loire) in 2015. A random selection of community-based GPs (1000 GPs in Switzerland and 2400 GPs in France) were randomly allocated to receive a questionnaire about preventive care activities either by post (n=700 in Switzerland, n=400 in France) or by email (n=300 in Switzerland, n=2000 in France). Reminder messages were sent once in the postal group and twice in the Web-based group. Any GPs practicing only complementary and alternative medicine were excluded from the study. Results: Among the 3400 contacted GPs, 764 (22.47%, 95% CI 21.07%-23.87%) returned the questionnaire. Compared to the postal group, the participation rate in the Web-based group was more than four times lower (246/2300, 10.70% vs 518/1100, 47.09%, P

The competency-based approach “APC” is considered one of the most appropriate pedagogical approaches for effective learning. However, although it is increasingly recommended by the Moroccan educational system, we realize a reticence of its application. The purpose of this research is to approach the representation of teachers about the “APC” in order to assess the level of its implementation in the Moroccan educational system. Thus, we elaborated a questionnaire. The collection of information by means of this questionnaire was conducted among 300 secondary school teachers performing in the Regional Academy of Education and Training AREF Fes-Boulemane and the number of responses received is only 115. The data obtained show a significant rate of application of this approach in several educational institutions. The reasons for not adopting this approach by some teachers can be categorized into several ranks: working conditions, lack of training (initial and continuous), socio-cultural conditions. The success of education depends heavily on the development of human resources education and training, which begins with an advanced initial training in teachers training centers, continues through self-study and is followed by continuous training., L’approche par compétence « APC » est considérée comme l’une des approches pédagogiques les plus appropriées pour un apprentissage efficace. Cependant, bien qu’elle soit de plus en plus recommandée par le système éducatif marocain, on constate une réticence de son application. La finalité de ce travail est d’approcher les représentations des enseignants sur l’APC et cela afin d’apprécier leur degré d’implication dans sa mise en œuvre dans le système éducatif marocain. Ainsi, nous avons élaboré un questionnaire. La collecte d’informations, au moyen de ce questionnaire, a été faite auprès de 300 professeurs du cycle secondaire exerçant dans l’Académie Régionale d’Éducation et de Formation AREF Fès-Boulemane et le nombre des réponses reçu n’est que 115 seulement. Les données obtenues mettent en évidence un taux significatif d’application de cette approche dans plusieurs établissements d’enseignement. Les causes présentées de la non adoption de cette approche par quelques enseignants peuvent être catégorisés en plusieurs rangs : les conditions de travail, le manque de formation (initiale ou continue), conditions socioculturelles. La réussite de l’enseignement dépend étroitement du développement des ressources humaines de l’éducation et de la formation, qui commence par un perfectionnement de la formation initiale dans des centres de formation des enseignants, continue par l’autoformation et se poursuit par les formations continues.

Improving school management has become a necessity in education systems, given the constraints of current changes. This is why the development of the role of the director is placed as a priority, and this is how we are currently focusing on his continuing education. We seek to ensure that this training contributes to involving the heads of educational establishments in the process of change, and to ensuring a real transition among these actors, so that they voluntarily and effectively engage in innovation in the management of their schools. Moroccan experience shows that following continuous reform processes, decision-makers have become aware of the need to move in a managerial direction, and to consider innovation in school management and the role of the director, as a point of departure to arrive at a performance of the system. Among the tools used to achieve these objectives, continuing education for managers came first. However, the study of the field shows that this training, as conceived and delivered, could not ensure the total commitment of the heads of the educational establishments in the introduction of the desired change., L'amélioration de la gestion scolaire est devenue une nécessité dans les systêmes éducatifs vue les contraintes des changements actuels, c'est pourquoi le développement du rôle du directeur est placé en priorité et c'est ainsi qu'on mise actuellement sur la formation continue de ce dernier. On cherche à ce que cette formation contribue à impliquer les chefs des établissements scolaires dans le processus de changement et à assurer une transition réelle chez ces acteurs pour qu'ils s'engagent volontairement et effectivement dans l'innovation de la gestion de leurs écoles. L'expérience Marocaine montre que suite à des processus continus de réforme, les décideurs sont devenus conscients de la nécessité de s'orienter dans un sens managérial et de considérer l'innovation dans la gestion scolaire et le rôle du directeur comme point de départ pour arriver à une performance du systême. Parmi les outils exploités pour atteindre ces objectifs, la formation continue des directeurs est venue en premier lieu. Cependant l'étude du terrain montre que cette formation comme conçue et dispensée n'a pas pu assurer l'engagement total des chefs des établissements scolaires dans l'introduction du changement voulu.

Background The Internet Addiction Test (IAT) is the most widely used questionnaire to screen for problematic Internet use. Nevertheless, its factorial structure is still debated, which complicates comparisons among existing studies. Most previous studies were performed with students or community samples despite the probability of there being more problematic Internet use among users of specific applications, such as online gaming or gambling. Objective To assess the factorial structure of a modified version of the IAT that addresses specific applications, such as video games and online poker. Methods Two adult samples—one sample of Internet gamers (n=920) and one sample of online poker players (n=214)—were recruited and completed an online version of the modified IAT. Both samples were split into two subsamples. Two principal component analyses (PCAs) followed by two confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were run separately. Results The results of principal component analysis indicated that a one-factor model fit the data well across both samples. In consideration of the weakness of some IAT items, a 17-item modified version of the IAT was proposed. Conclusions This study assessed, for the first time, the factorial structure of a modified version of an Internet-administered IAT on a sample of Internet gamers and a sample of online poker players. The scale seems appropriate for the assessment of such online behaviors. Further studies on the modified 17-item IAT version are needed.

International audience; This short paper compares two approaches of the state of the art, to implement Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems. By com- paring the two approaches, we aim to show that combining them could lead to an improvement of the offered response of the system. It shows that it could be interesting to develop a proof-of-concept system from a combination of these approaches, as it would improve the state of the art in AAL systems.

Cutaneous neurofibromas are benign dermal tumors composed of spindle cells in a myxoid stroma containing numerous blood vessels. Here we describe 6 cases of solitary cutaneous neurofibroma showing unusually higher density of blood vessels in the stroma when compared to that of classical neurofibromas. We propose this lesion to be a new histopathological variant of neurofibroma and name it angioneurofibroma. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

International university rankings are attracting growing interest among public opinion, universities and nations, which is evident in a global knowledge economy, improving the competitiveness and reputation of universities becomes an end in itself. Their public nature draws attention to concerns for excellence in higher education and seems to produce a spirit of competitiveness among universities and encourages them to perform better. The university charts show more and more the supremacy of the elite universities which are always at the top and which maintain their reputation. This article focuses on the predominant global characteristics that determine the quality and competitiveness of elite universities and suggests some strategies that universities can adopt to improve their competitiveness by drawing on the different indicators selected by the different rankings of universities., Les classements internationaux des universités suscitent un intérêt croissant parmi l'opinion public, les universités et les nations, ce qui est évident dans une économie mondiale du savoir, améliorer la compétitivité et la réputation des universités devient une fin en soi même. Leur caractêre public attire l'attention sur les préoccupations pour l'excellence dans l'enseignement supérieur et semble produire un esprit de compétitivité parmi les universités et les encourage à mieux performer. Les palmarês universitaires montrent de plus en plus la suprématie des universités d'élite qui sont toujours au top et qui maintiennent leur réputation. Le présent article met l'accent sur les caractéristiques globales prédominantes qui déterminent la qualité et la compétitivité des universités d'élite et propose quelques stratégies que les universités peuvent adopter pour améliorer leur compétitivité en s'inspirant des différents indicateurs retenus par les différents classements des universités.

Profitable use of vegetable oil by-products by anaerobic digestion The productions of vegetable oil and methyl esters of vegetable oil lead to the generation of a lot of by-products. The purpose of this work was to study an alternative solution for a profitable use of vegetable oil by-products: anaerobic digestion. The potential for anaerobic digestion of 24 by-products was studied. The results show that most of oil by-products had a good capacity for anaerobic digestion. Then, the effects of the addition of oil by-products on the behavior of one reactor treating a mixture of grass, cow manure and fruit and vegetable waste and another reactor treating household waste were investigated. Most of the by-products tested improved significantly the production of methane indicating that the addition of by-products from oil production could represent a significant financial earning for the digester operators. Discussions are in progress involving oil producers and biogas plant operators to assess the opportunity of supporting the addition of by-products from oil refining in their facilities. A first evaluation of the costs and potential benefits of by-product treatment was performed. These costs should be reviewed in line with the increased development of anaerobic digestion and the expected benefits due to the digestion of by-products.

National audience; Les salles de classes sont de plus en plus équipées de dispositifs informatiques qui permettent aux enseignants de diffuser des ressources multimédia pendant les cours. Nous avons donc d'une part des enseignants encouragés à diffuser des ressources numériques et d'autre part des élèves qui continuent principalement à prendre des notes sur des cahiers papier traditionnels. Cet article présente un prototype de logiciel de prise de notes augmentée (appelé U-Note) qui s'appuie sur la technologie des sty-los numérique Anoto pour tenter de concilier ces deux types de supports.

"This article explores the roots of the American art music tradition in the aesthetics of John Sullivan Dwight (1813-1893), the most influential writer on music in 19th century America. As a Brook Farmer and a former Unitarian minister, Dwight articulated a conception of music simultaneously endowed with deep spiritual content and social import. Steeped in the literary and musical traditions of German Romanticism, especially the works of Schiller and Beethoven, Dwight's musical Transcendentalism echoed many of Emerson's themes and contributed to fashioning the key notions that nurtured the aesthetic tradition in which Charles Ives was raised. His utopian musical anthropology turned music into a form of spiritual experience reorienting our relation to the world and thus foreshadowing the refounding of society."

Cet article a pour objectifs : • de présenter un ensemble de bonnes pratiques qui peuvent être inspirées de l'application de la norme internationale ISO 10006 (2003) : « Systêmes de management de la qualité - Lignes directrices pour le management de la qualité dans les projets », dans l'organisation et la réalisation d'une recherche universitaire, débouchant sur une matrice de 54 éléments, • d'illustrer au travers de huit bonnes pratiques la maniêre de mettre en application sur le terrain une telle approche, • de positionner ces concepts dans la stratégie qualité globale de l'institution universitaire concernée, • de suggérer l'élaboration de 3 nouvelles normes internationales en relation avec les démarches qualité en recherche., The objectives of this article are: - to present a set of good practices which can be inspired by the application of the international standard ISO 10006 (2003): "Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality management in projects", in the organization and carrying out university research, leading to a matrix of 54 elements, - to illustrate through eight good practices the way to apply such an approach in the field, - to position these concepts in the overall quality strategy of the university institution concerned, to suggest the development of 3 new international standards in relation to quality approaches in research.

Summary — Consequences of the inclusion of sugar beet pulp in diets for early weaned and growing pigs. The effect of extrusion of wheat and of the inclusion of 6% of sugar beet pulp in a pelleted starter on the performance of the weaned piglet has been studied in two experiments. In the first experiment, 80 crossbred castrated male and female piglets weaned at 21 days of age raised individually y were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement to compare their performance between weaning and 25 kg g live weight. Average feed intake was similar between treatments, but extrusion of wheat had no significant effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio. The association of normal wheat with sugar beet pulp improved significantly growth rate (P < 0.02) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.06), in particular during the period following immediatly weaning, ie, 193 vs 156 g/day and 193 vs 2.32, respectively. In the second experiment, 32 crossbred castrated piglets were used to evaluate faecal, then ileal digestibilities of dietary components. Extrusion did not improve digestibility. Ileal digestibility but not faecal digestibility of dry matter and energy was reduced (P < 0.001 ) by the inclusion of sugar beet pulp in the diet. Post-ileal digestibility of all dietary components was higher in animals fed fibrous diet. During the growing-finishing period between 25 and 100 kg live weight, the inclusion of a similar level of 6% of sugar beet pulp in a normal wheat based diet was tested. Piglets of the first experiment were randomly affected to one of the two diets taking into account their previous diet, sex and weight. The average daily gain for the whole period was slighly but not significantly reduced and feed conversion ratio was unchanged in animals receiving sugar beet pulp. However, feed conversion ratio expressed as digeatible energy per kg of body weight gain was reduced in animals receiving beet pulp in their diet. At slaughter, the percentage of lean meat was improved from 52.8 to 54.0% (P < 0.05) as a consequence of a linear decrease in the backfat thickness (P < 0.05) of carcasses of animals receiving sugar beet pulp. No difference in the weight of lean cuts was observed but the use of sugar beet pulp decreased significantly the weight of fat cuts (P < 0.01 It was suggested that for a similar nitrogen retention a reduction in the digestible energy intake reduces the deposition of fatty tissues but the total amount of lean meat in the carcass was not affected by the inclusion of sugar beet in the diet.

In this paper, we propose a method for coarse camera pose computation which is robust to viewing conditions and does not require a detailed model of the scene. This method meets the growing need of easy deployment of robotics or augmented reality applications in any environments, especially those for which no accurate 3D model nor huge amount of ground truth data are available. It exploits the ability of deep learning techniques to reliably detect objects regardless of viewing conditions. Previous works have also shown that abstracting the geometry of a scene of objects by an ellipsoid cloud allows to compute the camera pose accurately enough for various application needs. Though promising, these approaches use the ellipses fitted to the detection bounding boxes as an approximation of the imaged objects. In this paper, we go one step further and propose a learning-based method which detects improved elliptic approximations of objects which are coherent with the 3D ellipsoid in terms of perspective projection. Experiments prove that the accuracy of the computed pose significantly increases thanks to our method and is more robust to the variability of the boundaries of the detection boxes. This is achieved with very little effort in terms of training data acquisition -- a few hundred calibrated images of which only three need manual object annotation. Code and models are released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization., Comment: Presented at 3DV 2020. Code and models released at https://github.com/zinsmatt/3D-Aware-Ellipses-for-Visual-Localization

Many assume that theories of distributive justice must obviously take people’s lifetimes, and only their lifetimes, as the relevant period across which we distribute. Although the question of the temporal subject has risen in prominence, it is still relatively underdeveloped, particularly in the sphere of health and healthcare. This paper defends a particular view, “momentary sufficientarianism,” as being an important element of healthcare justice. At the heart of the argument is a commitment to pluralism about justice, where theorizing about just principles demands paying attention to the role particular goods play in our lives. This means that different approaches to the temporal subject—as well as other relevant issues—may be appropriate for different goods, including different goods within healthcare. In particular, the paper discusses two central goods targeted by healthcare: life-saving and pain relief. The view is offered as complementary to, rather than competitive with, lifetime approaches. As such, the paper finishes by considering how a pluralist approach, which engages both with people’s lives as a whole and with their states at particular moments, can reconcile the potentially competing claims in healthcare that emerge from these two perspectives., Plusieurs présument qu’il est clair que les théories de justice distributive doivent prendre la durée de vie des gens comme seule et unique période de distribution pertinente. Même si la question du sujet temporel a gagné en importance, elle demeure relativement sous-exploitée, et ce, particulièrement dans le domaine de la santé et des soins de santé. Cet article présente une conception particulière, le « suffisantisme momentané », comme une composante importante de la justice en santé. Cet argument se centre sur un engagement pluraliste en matière de justice, qui implique que toute théorisation de principes justes doit prendre en compte le rôle que jouent des biens particuliers dans nos vies. Cela signifie que différentes approches du sujet temporel - ainsi que d’autres enjeux pertinents - peuvent convenir a différents bien, y compris des biens dans le domaine de la santé. Plus précisément, l’article traite de deux biens principaux que visent les soins de santé : l’aide vitale et le soulagement de la douleur. Cette conception s’articule en complémentarité avec les approches de la durée de vie, plutôt qu’en compétition avec elles. Dans cette optique, l’article examine pour finir comment une approche pluraliste, qui concerne a la fois la vie des gens dans sa totalité ainsi que leur condition a des moments précis, peut arriver a concilier les thèses émergeant de ces deux perspectives sur les soins de santé qui, autrement, entreraient potentiellement en conflit.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children, which has a multifactorial origin, can lead, if not treated, to severe medical complications, growth disturbances, behavioural changes and reduced quality of life. Nowadays, it is underdiagnosed whereas early screening, diagnosis and interdisciplinary treatment are essential. Furthermore, many families and health professionals do not often know where to go when there is suspicion of OSA for a child. Orthodontists are uniquely positioned to screen, to refer to the appropriate specialist and to treat, if needed, patients who may be at high risk for OSA. The authors describe the synergistic means to screen, diagnose and treat paediatric OSA in a collaborative and interactive approach between ENT, orthodontists, pneumo-allergologists, sleep physicians, endocrinologists, orofacial myo-functional therapists and speech therapists. These means which are clinically illustrated in this paper fit the guidelines which have been recently published as white papers by official professional specialists organisations involved in paediatric OSA treatment (AAPD, AAO, FFO, SFORL, SFRMS…). The development of multidisciplinary teams gathering specialists who are conscious about the mutual benefits of the specialties involved in paediatric OSA should contribute to optimize the child treatment care pathway and the short, mid and long term outcomes.

International audience; Objectives: This paper aims to provide physicians with knowledge about the motivational processes surrounding exercise and diet for patients with type 2 diabetes and to offer patient support measures to favor self-management. To respond to this objective, the links between two kind of motivators (i.e., promotion and prevention foci), the Selection, Optimization and Compensation (SOC) self-management strategy, and adherence to exercise and diet of patients with type 2 diabetes were investigated for the first time in the literature.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 French volunteer participants with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for at least 3 months (Age = 61.66 ± 9.63; BMI = 29.8 ± 5.9). Participants completed an online self-report survey measuring SOC strategy, promotion and prevention foci, and adherence to exercise and diet.Results: The main results of path and bootstrapping analysis demonstrated that promotion focus was positively related with SOC strategy (β = .69, p < .001) whereas prevention focus was not (β = −.01, ns.). On the other hand, SOC strategy was positively related with exercise (β = .20, p < .05), general diet (β = .49, p < .001), fruit and vegetable consumption (β = .27, p < .001), and spacing of carbohydrates (β = .40, p < .001), and mediated the positive link between promotion focus and these behaviors (bootstrapped 95% CI: [.11; .40], [.52; .81], [.22; .54], [.37; .70], respectively).Conclusion: This paper addresses a gap in previous research by evidencing a motivator that promotes self-management for exercise and diet among patients with type 2 diabetes. Our results suggest that physicians should privilege an interaction with patients oriented toward promotional motivation so as to favor their patients’ self-management regarding exercise and diet.

This paper studies the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT), especially mobile phone rollout, on economic growth in a sample of African countries from 1988 to 2007. Further, we investigate whether financial inclusion is one of the channels through which mobile phone development influences economic growth. In estimating the impact of ICT on economic growth, we use a wide range of ICT indicators, including mobile and fixed telephone penetration rates and the cost of local calls. We address any endogeneity issues by using the System Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) estimator. Financial inclusion is captured by variables measuring access to financial services, such as the number of deposits or loans per head, compiled by Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Martinez Peria (2007) and the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP, 2009). The results confirm that ICT, including mobile phone development, contribute significantly to economic growth in African countries. Part of the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on growth comes from greater financial inclusion. At the same time, the development of mobile phones consolidates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth, especially in countries where mobile financial services take hold.

PurposeCompanies today observe an increase in the complexity and vulnerability of their supply chains (SCs) as a result of global scale networks and a turbulent environment. The purpose of this paper is to explore knowledge management (KM) as a potential way of reducing SC vulnerability and answer the following question: how does inter-organisational KM influence efforts to reduce SC vulnerability?Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the resource-based view and the knowledge-based view (KBV), a single case study in the energy industry is conducted by collecting various data through interviews, observations and internal documents.FindingsThis edifying case study indicates that a lack of KM hinders any attempt to mitigate SC vulnerability.Research limitations/implicationsThis research shows several limitations such as data privacy, generalisation and the decision to study an atypical SC.Practical implicationsThe paper points out in a dedicated section the key actions a company should take in order to develop the required characteristics of knowledge expressed in the KBV.Originality/valueThis is the first qualitative research that investigates the relationships between SC vulnerability and KM, and more particularly in a recycling context where a strong research gap exists.

How does geographic distance affect the impact of trade agreements on bilateral exports, and through what channels? This paper examines these questions in a gravity model context for different types of goods for 185 countries over the period 1965–2010. Three stylized facts emerge. First, although economic integration agreements have a positive impact on trade flows, geographic distance significantly decreases their effect. Second, this phenomenon is in large part explained by the impact of economic integration agreements on intermediate goods. These results hold when controlling for trade agreement depth, measured by the type of agreement and content of provisions, and economic similarity among trading partners. Third, this paper finds either a smaller negative effect or no effect on the interaction between distance and economic integration agreements for non-intermediates. This underscores that while economic integration agreements promote trade in all goods, there is an additional benefit to intermediates which diminishes faster with distance.

The modular model of geared systems presented in this paper makes it possible to simultaneously account for the contact conditions in gears and rolling element bearings. Gears are modeled as two rigid cylinders connected by distributed mesh stiffnesses while ball and roller bearings contribute to the equations of motion as time-varying, non-linear external forces. Solutions are obtained by combining a Newmark time-step integration scheme, a Newton-Raphson method for ball bearing non-linearity and a normal contact algorithm that deals with the contact problem between the teeth. It is found that the static gear-bearing couplings are generally more important than the dynamic couplings with a significant influence of the gear on the bearing response. Finally, it is shown that, in certain conditions, bearings can generate non-linear parametric excitations of the same orders of magnitude as those associated with the meshing of helical gears.Copyright © 2003 by ASME

Because of deflections under load, contacts on tooth flanks can occur outside the theoretical plane of action between nonconjugated profiles especially when tooth modifications are not appropriate. The main objective of the present paper is to introduce an original model of the dynamic behavior of spur gears when submitted to these particular meshing conditions. The pinion and the gear of a pair are modeled as two rigid cylinders linked by stiffnesses and dampers whose amplitudes and orientations vary in order to simulate the evolutions of the meshing conditions. For the sake of simplicity, only three torsional degrees-of-freedom on the pinion, the gear and the motor are considered. The results show that the contacts between non-conjugated flanks lead to a particular dynamic behavior characterized by i) an actual contact ratio larger than the theoretical one, ii) the possibility of impacts at engagement whose amplitudes depend on transmitted loads and speeds.

ParticipACTION is the Canadian physical activity communications and social marketing organization first launched in the fall of 1971 and then ceased operations in 2001. ParticipACTION was relaunched in 2007. Framed as a public health natural experiment, evidence was collected from a population-based survey of knowledge, awareness, understanding of physical activity, and physical activity levels among Canadians (individual level), and key informant surveys and interviews examining capacity, readiness and advocacy for physical activity promotion among physical activity organizations (organizational level). The purpose of this paper is to first provide an overview of some of the major initiatives undertaken by the 'new' ParticipACTION that may have contributed to any changes at these individual or organizational levels. Second, the paper sets the stage for the three empirical papers in this special series reporting follow-up results.ParticipACTION est un organisme de communications et de marketing social voué à la promotion de l’activité physique au Canada, qui a été fondé à l’automne 1971, a cessé ses activités en 2001 et a été relancé en 2007. Conçues comme une expérience naturelle en santé publique, les données probantes ont été tirées à la fois d’une enquête fondée sur la population et portant sur les connaissances, la sensibilisation, la compréhension de l’activité physique et les niveaux d’activité physique des Canadiens (à l’échelle de l’individu) et de sondages et d’entrevues auprès d’informateurs clés visant à examiner le pouvoir d’action, l’état de préparation et le soutien des organisations en matière de promotion de l’activité physique (à l’échelle de l’organisation). Cet article vise en premier lieu à donner un aperçu de certaines des principales initiatives entreprises par la « nouvelle version » de ParticipACTION susceptibles d’avoir contribué à des changements sur le plan individuel ou organisationnel. En second lieu, il prépare le terrain pour les trois études empiriques de cette série d’articles consacrée aux résultats de suivi.

The SFBC Working Group on critical care testing describes in this paper the SFBC recommendations for the determination of maximal turnaround times (TAT) for laboratory medicine examination in emergency conditions. The table presented in a previous paper was updated, taken into account the clinical situations, as well as the emergency response capabilities of the medical laboratory. These new French recommendations must to be based to each local situation in a clinical-biological context between the physicians and the specialist in Lab Medicine.

This paper is meant as an introduction to a special issue on circulating mathematics via journals, from ca 1850 to 1950. It intends to study the practices, actors, places and institutions involved in mathematical circulation. Journals constitute one of the main carriers of mathematical knowledge and hence the main vehicle for its circulation. The focus of the paper is on ‘mathematical’ (understood very broadly) journals and the various forms of interplay between them. In order to understand and analyse the processes of circulation that are an important feature of mathematical production, the interactions that take place between journals are considered across different scales, from local practices and representations to more global appraisals. We shall use the notion of circulation space in order to break down the representations of the mathematical world in terms of the centres and peripheries suggested by the geographical area, with its massive publishing centres at different times – Paris, London, Berlin, Leipzig, New York, etc. Besides the geographical dimensions, the focus is on connections between journals, polarisations, competition, rivalries, etc.

When mentioned at all, Hieroglyphics is usually described as an essay in which Arthur Machen exposes his views on literature. The aim of this paper is to show how the “Prefatory Note”, a sort of frame narrative, blurs the borderline between essay and fiction and makes the status of the text problematic. In this preliminary text, a narrator bearing the initials “A. M.” explains that he spent long hours listening to a scholarly hermit whose views on literature he later put down on paper. Machen thus encourages the reader to identify him not as the enunciator but as the listener ; he dissociates himself from the essayist, even though the latter expresses ideas that are also his. This is part of a game of masks that is played on several textual levels.

The digital battle has become the most important factor of economic and social development. In fact, there is no doubt on the fact that establishing E-government systems can improve the quality of government services and enhance the citizens’ life. However, E-government projects cannot be successful if they are not adapted to the specific cultural and social needs of the final users. Taking into consideration the high illiteracy rate within the Moroccan population, we conducted our research in order to design an E-government portal for the old city of Fez that is accessible by the majority of the citizens especially those who are illiterate. The objective of this research is exploring the different architectures, scenarios and technologies for designing an E-government portal that is usable and accessible by all Fez citizens whether they are literate or illiterate. Hence, the concrete output of this project is a usable graphical user interface accessible to both literate and illiterate people in order for them to interact with the static content and to use the online transactions. In the process of achieving our goal, we had to discover and create design principles and to test them with real users. To achieve our goal we had to pay particular attention to the following points: • Considering the two existing types of illiteracy: literal illiteracy and digital illiteracy. • Designing the GUI so that it is not dedicated mainly to illiterate people: literate people too should be able to use the e-government system without frustration. • Since it is the first portal targeting illiterate users in Morocco, we were interested also in building conventions on the type of symbols to be used. In fact, the main two assumptions behind this project are: • Effective electronic service delivery has to enable citizens to access government services in a new and more effective way than the traditional ways. • Government services have to be presented to citizens in a usable format and in a human centred manner. In that way, we can express the goals that are aimed to be achieved by this project as being: • Improving knowledge about how illiterate citizens in Morocco can interact with E- government services. • Developing a methodology and architecture for e-government application development that fulfils the needs of Arabic developing countries. • Demonstrating the ability of Moroccan illiterate citizens to interact with e-government portals that uses new technologies. This paper describes and justifies the chosen methodology, architecture and tools that were applied in order to develop Fez e-government portal’s graphical user interface. The results of the designed graphical user interface’ s testing are presented and discussed in order to assess the project’s success., Revue Marocaine des Sciences de Management, No 7 (2017)

This article argues that a fragment from a lost treatise by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (d. 925) is preserved in theBook on Morphology Kitāb al-Taṣrīf) by Ps-Ǧābir ibn Ḥayyān. Paul Kraus reached the conclusion that the collection to which this book belongs was written between the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth century AD. This fragment represents the first attempt – to our knowledge – to analyze the logical structure of sign-based inference in Arabic, which is known asistidlāl bi-al-šāhid ʿalā al-ġāʾibamong theologians and philosophers. The author distinguishes between sign-inferences based on homogeneity (al-muǧānasa), course of habit (maǧrā al-ʿāda) and traces (āṯār). After providing a translation of the fragment, the first part of this paper argues that its author is Abū Bakr al-Rāzī. My argument is based on a comparison between this text and a passage from theDoubts About Galen, which is also by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī. I hypothesize that at least two other fragments from the same work or from different works by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī are preserved in the corpus attributed to Ps-Ǧābir. The second part of the paper aims to reconstruct Abū Bakr al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference. In so doing, I show the historical influence that Hellenistic debates on sign-inference might have had on al-Rāzī, and I situate al-Rāzī’s theory in the context of the prominent use that the theologians of thekalāmmade of theistidlāl bi-al-šāhid ʿalā al-ġāʾib. To offer a more comprehensive reconstruction of al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference, this article compares the critical approach presented in the newly identified fragment with the epistemological framework outlined in theDoubts About Galen.Finally, this article shows that Abū Bakr al-Rāzī’s theory of sign-inference had a strong influence on al-Fārābī’s logical developments especially in hisEpitome of the Prior Analytics, even if he does not acknowledge this intellectual debt.

This paper presents examples of the role played by metaphor in the formation of ancient Greek emotional concepts. Previous studies of emotion in ancient Greek societies have focused chiefly on the terms that the ancient Greeks used to label their emotional experiences. Such an approach is fundamental, yet overlooks important elements of the language of emotion. The characteristic symptoms, physiological changes, expressions, and behaviours associated with the emotions typically become metonyms for the emotions themselves and are represented in cognitive metaphors that form part of a culture’s conceptual model of emotion. Thus the embodied nature of emotions is reflected in language, and in so far as the metaphors and metonyms of folk physiology are limited by the observed phenomena of real physiology and predicated on basic conceptual structures that are rooted in human beings’ embodied nature, no serious study of emotion language can afford to ignore these aspects. A comprehensive study of emotional metaphor in ancient Greek can thus be expected to present much that is, in broad terms, familiar to us from our own languages. The interesting questions, however, concern the interplay between what is universal and what is specific in both the formation and the application of such concepts. This paper explores some of these questions with particular reference to two Greek images: the symptom of shivering or shuddering; and the representation of grief and other emotions as enveloping garments. Cet article présente des exemples du rôle joué par la métaphore dans la formation des concepts grecs anciens de l’émotion. Les travaux antérieurs sur l’émotion dans la société grecque ancienne se sont intéressés principalement aux termes utilisés par les Grecs anciens pour désigner leurs expériences émotionnelles. Une telle approche est fondamentale, mais elle ignore d’importants éléments du langage de l’émotion. Les symptômes caractéristiques, les changements physiologiques, les expressions et les comportements associés aux émotions deviennent typiquement des métonymies pour les émotions elles-mêmes, et sont représentés dans des métaphores cognitives qui font partie du modèle conceptuel de l’émotion d’une culture. Ainsi, la nature incarnée des émotions se reflète dans le langage, et dans la mesure où les métaphores et les métonymies de l’étymologie populaire sont limitées par les phénomènes observables de la physiologie réelle et fondées sur des structures conceptuelles basiques ayant leurs racines dans la nature incarnée des êtres humains, aucune étude sérieuse du langage de l’émotion ne peut se permettre d’ignorer ces aspects. On est donc en droit de s’attendre à ce qu’une étude exhaustive de la métaphore émotionnelle en Grec ancien présente un grand nombre d’aspects qui, dans les grandes lignes, nous sont familiers dans nos propres langues. Cependant, les questions les plus intéressantes concernent à l’interaction entre ce qui est universel et ce qui est particulier, à la fois dans la formation et dans l’application de tels concepts. Cet article explore certaines de ces questions en se référant en particulier à deux images grecques : le symptôme du tremblement ou du frémissement ; et la représentation de la peine et d’autres émotions comme un vêtement enveloppant.

In the Crown of Aragon, where usury was permitted through regulation, especially in Catalonia and Mallorca, brokers were not all Jews who were usually seen as being the specialists in monetary transactions. Jews were certainly over-represented in trade but it is also now known that they could hold a wide variety of jobs. There are in fact few traders or lenders among the Jewish community from the 14th century, such roles tending instead to belong to members of urban and intellectual elites. This paper compares two social networks: that of Pons de Gualba, bishop of Barcelona, and that of Bartomeu de Mans, magistrate/provost of Vilafranca del Pénedes, who had links with Berenger de Finestres, a money-changer of Barcelona. The networks of these two eminent men were interlinked, in the sense that the roles played by Jews and Christians in the trading process were neither strictly segregated nor exactly the same, the precise distribution of these roles depending on the subtlest of nuances in terms of how the members of the two religions related to each other. The trade associations of Jews and Christians were different, as were the insults used to deprecate rivals. It is thus not that trade took no account of religion but rather that religious difference could be used as a means to colour the expression of the normal love-hate relationships between men who were involved in the business of trade. Dans les pays de la Couronne d’Aragon où l’usure est réglementée, donc autorisée, spécialement en Catalogne et à Majorque, les courtiers ne sont pas nécessairement ou seulement des juifs appréciés pour leurs qualités de « passeurs ». Nous savions déjà que les juifs, certes surreprésentés dans le commerce, exercent des activités très variées, à l’instar des chrétiens et que l’entreprise et le crédit restent au XIVe siècle l’apanage d’un groupe de plus en plus réduit, membre des élites urbaines et intellectuelles. Deux réseaux d’affaires sont comparés : celui de Pons de Gualba, qui fut évêque de Barcelone, et celui de Bartomeu de Mans, viguier à Vilafranca del Pénedes, associé à Berenger de Finestres, changeur barcelonais. Malgré l’imbrication des réseaux dominés par d’éminents personnages et malgré la proximité des entrepreneurs juifs et chrétiens et l’exercice de rôles comparables par les membres de religions différentes, la position des uns et des autres dans un réseau précis introduit des nuances subtiles, l’emploi des juifs et des chrétiens n’y est pas interchangeable alors qu’il l’est dans la société, les structures d’association choisies diffèrent, de même que les moyens employés pour attaquer et insulter un concurrent. Nous n’observons pas l’échange sans la religion mais un jeu de positions qui utilise la différence religieuse pour exprimer très normalement le bon amour ou la haine que se portent les hommes d’affaires.

Public health research differs from clinical epidemiological research in that its focus is primarily on the population level social and structural determinants of individual health and the interventions that might ameliorate them, rather than having a primary focus on individual-level risks. It is typically concerned with the proximal and distal causes of health problems, and their location within complex systems, more than with single exposures. Thus, epidemiological terms and concepts may have very different implications when used in the context of population health. This paper considers some key differences in relation to terms like 'population', 'baseline', 'control group' 'outcome' and 'adverse effects'. Even the concept of an 'intervention' often needs careful handling. The paper concludes that there is a need for an expanded, and more realistic use of these terms in the population health intervention research context.

International audience; This paper aims to contribute to the literature on "institutional maintenance work". Focusing on the institutional disruption resulting from a regulatory project of market rationalisation, it enriches the description and analysis of the specific institutional maintenance work performed by powerful actors who engage in resistance against what they perceive as a threat to their discretion. Built on an in-depth qualitative study, our case concerns an attempt to change the form of over-the-counter markets as part of a recent financial reform. The paper contributes to the expanding literature on the maintenance of institutions by suggesting, in particular, that the creation of incommensurables should be added to the list of strategies available to powerful incumbents seeking to resist institutional change. Bridging the gap between the literatures on institutional maintenance and commensuration, it also demonstrates that specific institutional changes can usefully be understood as changes in commensuration systems. This innovatively suggests the existence of degrees of commensuration and calls for a finer-grained understanding of the institutional work required to maintain institutions in a context where the degree of commensuration experienced by a field or a market threatens to increase under coercive pressure.

This paper focuses on an unexplored dimension of Citizen Science: the educational potential of Volunteer Computing (VC). VC has been one of the most popular forms of Citizen Science, since its beginnings from 1997, when the first VC platforms, such as SETI@home, were created. Participation in VC is based on volunteers donating their idle computer resources to contribute to large scale scientific research. So far this has often been seen as a rather passive form of participation, compared to other online Citizen Science (or citizen cyberscience) projects, since volunteers are not involved in active data collection, data analysis or project definition. In this paper we present our research conducted in 2013-2014 with the BOINC Community “Alliance Francophone”, and demonstrate that part of the volunteers in Distributed Computing research projects are not passive at all. We show that the dynamism of BOINC hugely relies on community-led gamification and that participation may lead to important learning outcomes on most dimensions of our ILICS (Informal Learning in Citizen Science) model. This includes extending one’s scientific interests, ability to find and engage with people who share similar interests, and offering a range of potential learning outcomes, particularly within the fields of (a) computer and Internet literacy, (b) scientific knowledge and literacy, (c) communication: English and social skills. As demonstrated by our recent ILICS survey research (2015), these latest learning effects happen for all kinds of participants and are even stronger for people who have a lower education background, which is an interesting finding for lifelong education policies. Altogether, VC projects engage volunteers emotionally, far beyond a simple use of their computers’ time and power, and may have an educational value. For a minority of very active volunteers, they become real “Opportunity Spaces”, where they can get new friends, skills and experiences, which they could not have found easily elsewhere in their everyday environment.

International audience; We present the use of a new computationaly efficient 3D physics model for the simulation of cells in a virtual aquatic world. In this model, cells can freely assemble and disconnect along the simulation without any separation between the development and evaluation stages, as is the case in most evo-devo models which only consider one cell cluster. While allowing for the discovery of interesting behaviors through the addition of new degrees of freedom, this 3D center-based physics engine and its associated virtual world also come with their drawbacks when applied to evolutionnary experiments: larger search space and numerous local optima. In this paper, we have designed an experiment in which cells must learn to survive by keeping their genome alive as long as possible in a demanding world. No morphology or strategy is explicitly enforced; the only objective the cells have to optimize is the survival time of the organism they build. We show that a novelty metric, adapted to our evo-devo matter, dramatically improves the outcome of the evolutionary runs. This paper also details some of the developmental strategies the evolved multicellular organisms have found in order to survive.

Often studied in the context of political developments and the alleged shift from representative democracy to participatory democracy, participation is discussed here in terms of changes in our anthropological coordinates. The exigencies and expectations of participation are found in many areas that go beyond the political sphere, extending from the business world and its quality circles to the production of self-assembly kits calling for the buyer's assembly skills. This extension of the field of participation is based on a certain number of anthropological presuppositions which ascribe to actors the capacities and competencies they are supposed to have, unless they are invited to enhance them through empowerment strategies in the event that they are failing or insufficient. This paper argues that evaluating people and the configuration of many recent social mechanisms tend increasingly to adjust to this new anthropological paradigm. Such is the case for political participation, new social policies, empowerment training, educational objectives, and development and health policies. Returning more specifically to political participation, the paper shows how these new anthropological coordinates reconfigure by redrawing the division between ordinary and specialized expertise and, in this way, the balance between spaces in which participatory democracy can take place and those that remain confined to technocratic expertise., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Traditionnellement, les travaux de recherche sur les expressions figées mettaient l’accent sur le fait que ces séquences étaient figées par rapport aux constructions libres. Après une étude réalisée en 2010 au cours de laquelle nous avions pu démontrer qu’un nombre considérable de constructions verbales figées (CVF) de l’espagnol péninsulaire et commun (EspPC) permettait des changements dans certaines de leurs composantes sans que le sens varie et sans perdre la condition de figées, nous analysons dans ce travail les CVF de l’espagnol diatopique hispano-américain. Cette analyse nous permet d’observer que les formules de variation des CVF hispano-américaines (paradigmatiques, lexicales, morphologiques, grammaticales) suivent les mêmes patrons et structures syntaxiques de l’EspPC dans les cas des expressions diatopiques formées sur des CVF de l’EspPC ainsi que dans les cas des CVF diatopiques nouvelles. La grande quantité de CVF d’usage actuellement exclusivement hispano-américains qui ne pourra qu’augmenter dans un futur proche et lointain nous réaffirme dans la nécessité d’élaborer des bases de données les plus complètes possibles. Traditionally, research papers on fixed expressions emphasize the fact that those sequences are fixed compared to constructions with free components. After one study which was carried out in 2010 through which we were able to prove that a considerable number of verbal fixed expressions in common Peninsular Spanish allow changes in some of their components without causing a change in the meaning and maintaining their fixed state, in this paper we analyze verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety. This analysis allows us to observe the modes of variation in the Latin American Spanish verbal fixed expressions (paradigm, lexic, morphology, grammar) by following the same patterns and syntactic structures as in common Penninsular Spanish which we find in the case of diatopic expressions formed in the verbal fixed expressions of common Penninsular Spanish as well as in new diatopic verbal fixed expressions. The fact that there are so many verbal fixed expressions in the Latin American Spanish variety and also that this number will only increase in the near future reinforces the idea that we should create very complete data bases. The research presented in this paper has been partially carried out in the framework of research project (FFI2011-24310) Estudio lingüístico, diatópico y traductológico de las construccciones verbales fijas más usuales en español.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present how to model moral sensitivity and emotions in organizational setting by using the SocLab formal framework. SocLab is a platform for the modelling, simulation and analysis of cooperation relationships within social organizations – and more generally Systems of Organized Action. Design/methodology/approach – Simulation results, including an interesting tendency for a Free Rider model, will be given. Considering that actors’ decision-making processes are not just driven by instrumental interest, the SocLab learning simulation algorithm has been extended to represent moral sensitivity, making actors trying to prevent bad emotions and feel good ones. Findings – Some simulation results about actors’ collaboration and emotions in a Free Rider model were presented. A noteworthy tendency is that actors’ unconditional collaboration, which occurs when their moral sensitivity reaches its highest value, is not so good since it exempts other actors from collaboration (they take advantage from the unconditional collaboration), while values of moral sensitivity somewhat below the highest value (between 0.7 and 0.9) still induces collaboration from others. Originality/value – The research and results presented in this paper have not been presented in other papers or workshops. The presented quantitative definition of emotions (determining indexes of emotions) is different to previous approaches – for instance, to Ortony, Clore and Collins (OCC) qualitative descriptions and to logical descriptions. Similarly, simulation of morality in organizations is a new research field, which has received scarce attention up to now.

This paper explores the gap between the singing career of Edith Piaf, a national star of international fame in the 1950s, and the thinness of her career in movies. The hypothesis to explain this shift in popular cinema, where links between film and song are many, is that there is no more room in the French cinema of the time for a “chanteuse realiste,” unlike what can be observed in the 1930s. To test this hypothesis, the paper analyzes the imperfect matching of roles and performance of Piaf, between her star persona and her image as “chanteuse realiste” in seven films between 1946 and 1958, focusing on the movies where she is headlining—Etoile sans lumiere (Marcel Blistene, 1946)—and those where she is guest-star—Boum sur Paris (Maurice de Canonge 1953) or French Cancan (Jean Renoir, 1955).

Given the evolution of wireless technologies, Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) have appeared as an emerging low-cost solution to ensure last-mile connectivity to the Internet network. However, providing real-time and streaming applications, such as VoIP (Voice over IP) and VoD (Video on Demand), with a satisfying QoS level is considered as an important challenge within these networks. In this paper, we propose a QoS based routing protocol, called Hybrid QoS Mesh Routing (HQMR), jointly with a clustering algorithm to improve the scalability of mesh networks. HQMR is composed of two routing sub- protocols: a reactive QoS based routing protocol for intra-mesh infrastructure communications and a proactive QoS based multi- tree routing protocol for communications with external networks. We analyze in this paper the simulation results of different scenarios conducted on the network simulator ns-3 to demonstrate the effectiveness of the reactive routing sub-protocol while forwarding real-time applications with a QoS guarantee.

National audience; Research contributions to improve interactive systems reliability as, for now, mainly focused towards fault occurrence prevention by removing software bugs at development time. However, Interactive Systems complexity is so high that whatever efforts are deployed at development time, faults and failures occur at operation time. Root causes of such failures may be due to transient hardware faults or (when systems are used in high atmosphere) may be so called "natural faults" triggered by alpha particles in processors or neutrons from cosmic radiations. This paper proposes an exhaustive identification of faults to be handled in order to improve interactive systems reliability. As currently no research has been carried out in the field of interactive systems to detect and remove natural faults, this paper proposes a software architecture providing fault-tolerant mechanisms dedicated to interactive systems. More precisely, the paper how such architecture addresses the various component of interactive applications namely widgets, user application and window manager. These concepts are demonstrated through a case study from the domain of interactive cockpits of large civil aircrafts. \; La recherche pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs s’est, pour l’instant, principalement dirigée vers la prévention d’introduction de fautes par la suppression des bugs lors du développement. Cependant, la complexité des systèmes interactifs est telle que, quels que soient ces efforts, des défaillances apparaissent lors de leur utilisation. Les causes de telles défaillances peuvent être dues à des pannes matérielles intermittentes ou (quand ces systèmes sont utilisés en haute altitude (avions, véhicules spatiaux …) être déclenchées par des fautes naturelles dues aux particules alpha dans les processeurs ou aux neutrons issus des radiations cosmiques. Cet article propose l’identification exhaustive des problématiques se posant pour améliorer la fiabilité des systèmes interactifs en prenant en compte à la fois les erreurs faites dans les phases de développement et les fautes qui peuvent se produire lors de leur utilisation. Du fait qu’aucune recherche n’a été menée à ce jour pour détecter et éliminer les fautes naturelles, l’article propose aussi une architecture logicielle pour intégrer des mécanismes de tolérance aux fautes dans les systèmes interactifs. L’article présente en particulier comment cette architecture couvre les différents composants d’un système interactif incluant les widgets, le gestionnaire de fenêtres et l’application interactive. Ces concepts sont mis en œuvre sur une application interactive de cockpits d’avions civils.

In response to our social science and humanities colleagues’ paper, Rethinking Assumptions about Cancer Survivorship (Ristovski-Slijepcevic & Bell. [2014]. CONJ, 24(3), p. 166), we offer a nursing disciplinary perspective on some of the dominant messages purported to underpin cancer survivorship. We illuminate points of disjuncture within their paper, using nursing’s disciplinary lens to describe and explain the complexities inherent in the cancer survivorship experience and its implications for clinical practice. Opportunities for collaboration with our social science and humanities colleagues are outlined to foster synergistic knowledge development that will, ultimately, improve the care of those living with, through, and beyond cancer.