Search

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the effect of macular pollutants on the release of pyrolytic products from cigarette paper, and provide a method basis for the classification of macular pollutants. [Method] The pyrolytic particulate matter of different cigarette papers was captured by a self-built temperature-controlled pyrolytic device. The differences in pyrolytic components of different cigarette paper samples were analyzed by using GC-MS. And the classification of macular pollutants was achieved using principal component and cluster analysis based on the differences in pyrolytic products. [Result] The different pollutants changed the microscopic surface morphology of cigarette paper fibers. And the pyrolytic products chromatograms of all the contaminated cigarette papers exhibited a similarity of less than 0.417 when compared with that of blank cigarette papers. A total of 78 kinds of pyrolytic products were detected in the blank cigarette papers, including ketones, phenols, benzene derivatives, aldehydes, furans, alcohols, heterocycles and other chemicals, etc. Moreover, the pyrolytic products released from contaminated cigarette paper not only had common components with blank cigarette paper, but also had many unique pyrolysis components, and there were significant differences in the number and content distribution of various pyrolysis components. Specifically, after the contamination of Premalube red and Nordic grease, the phenolic compounds in the pyrolytic products significantly reduced from 36.07% to 5.58% and 8.32%, respectively. Meanwhile the release of hydrocarbons remarkably increased, but the composition and distribution of hydrocarbon substances exhibited significant differences. Flavor and sugar contaminants reduced the content of aldehydes, ketones, phenols, benzene rings and heterocyclic pyrolytic components in the pyrolytic products, but their own unique propylene glycol/glycerol solvents or esters could release to the particulate matter during the heating process through the evaporation. Principal component analysis based on pyrolytic products showed that cigarette papers contaminated with different pollutants could be effectively distinguished from the blank sample. Hierarchical clustering analysis also showed that samples contaminated with grease could be classified into one, and cigarette papers contaminated with flavor and sugar could be grouped into another one. [Conclusion] The results in the study would be beneficial for the classification and identification of macular pollutants source based on the differences in pyrolytic products that were captured by self-built temperature-controlled pyrolytic device and analyzed by multiple statistical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to elucidate the effects of two kinds of organic potassium salt cigarette auxiliaries on the pyrolysis performance of cigarette paper. [Method] By adding two kinds of organic acid potassium salt with different concentrations to cigarette paper, the effects on the pyrolysis performance of cigarette paper were studied by means of simultaneous thermal analysis, mainstream smoke detection and sensory quality evaluation. [Result] With the increase of the concentration of potassium carbonate and potassium citrate, the initial temperature of thermogravimetric loss gradually decreased, and the increase of weight loss rate and weight loss in the initial heating period corresponded basically with the addition concentration. With the addition of potassium citrate in the cigarette paper, the number of smoking pons decreased gradually, and the content of nicotine and tar also decreased gradually. When the addition amount was 3 %, the release of CO was the lowest, and then increased with the increase of the addition amount. With the addition of potassium carbonate in cigarette paper increasing, the number of smoking mouthfuls firstly decreased and then increased slowly, and the content of nicotine and tar also showed a decreasing trend. When the addition amount of potassium carbonate in cigarette paper was 3.5 %, the content of nicotine in cigarette paper and the number of smoking mouthfuls were the least. When the concentration was 2.5 %, the CO content was the lowest. [Conclusion] The use of cigarette paper additives catalyzed the thermal cracking process of cigarette paper, which resulted in the decrease of tar and CO content in mainstream smoke and affected the sensory quality of cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Agricultural interactive display is a novel method of showcasing with vast applications in the field of agriculture. However, current implementation is limited due to factors such as the knowledge of professionals, technological costs, and rural infrastructure. Through interactive display technology research, the present paper aims to provide intuitive and vivid communication channels for agricultural education, technology, and popularization. [Method] Through virtual reality, augmented reality technology, data visualization, artificial intelligence and animation, the paper uses agricultural machinery interactive experiences as an example to elaborate on the complete process of data collection and processing, content selection for displays, determination of interactive elements, as well as design, using of the game engine, software and hardware interface testing and optimization. [Result] The production process of agricultural interactive display is relatively complex, with the determination of goals and content, planning of display process and sequence, selection of interactive elements testing and optimization, continuous improvement, and ultimately achieving the design of an interesting and technological combination of agricultural interactive display. [Conclusion] The paper clarifies the application advantages and prospects, and provides recommendations for further promoting and popularizing interactive displays in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the physiological changes and gene dynamic changes of rice under low temperature stress, which was helpful to analyze the physiological basis and molecular mechanism of rice response to low temperature stress, and laid a theoretical foundation for screening suitable rice variety with cold tolerance and studying how to improve the cold-tolerance inheritance of rice. [Method] Taking three rice varieties with different cold-tolerance levels, P427 ( strong cold-tolerance), Nipponbare (cold-tolerance), 9311 (cold-sensitivity) as testing materials, and using method of phenotype combined with physiochemical index, the paper studied the effect of 3 -4 °C low temperature stress on phenotype, chlorophyll content and electric conductivity, and used RNA-Seq to analyze enrichment pathways and the dynamic change of gene response to low temperature stress. [Result] The rice variety with strong cold-tolerance P427 showed strong adaptability to low temperature. It maintained higher chlorophyll content under low-temperature stress, and its chlorophyll content before low temperature treatment, on the third day of low temperature treatment, on the third day of recovery growth was 29. 64, 29. 30 and 27. 96 µgig, respectively. Its electric conductivity on the first day, third day, fifth day of low-temperature was 10. 39%, 13. 08% and 17. 04%, and its membrane system had the lightest damage. A large number of genes were differentially expressed in both cold tolerant and cold sensitive varieties under low temperature induction, and the number of differentially expressed genes ( DEGs) continued to increase with the extension of low temperature treatment time,but the number of specific DEGs in P427 decreased from 2408 to 1717. In addition, only 576 specific genes of P427 were differentially expressed from 1 days to 3 days under low temperature treatment. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the specific DEGs of P427 after low temperature treatment were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropane biosynthesis. [ Conclusion] There may be differences in cold-tolerance response genes and regulatory mechanisms among cultivars with different cold tolerance. There was a set of cold-tolerance response genes in P427 cultivar with strong cold tolerance, which was different from that in Nipponbare and 9311. Plant hormone signal transduction and phenylalanine metabolism were significantly affected by low temperature stress in seedling rice. P427 may respond to cold tolerance of seedling rice through metabolic pathways such as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effect of dietary supplementation with fibrous roots extract of Coptis chinensis and probiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, immune organ indices, intestinal tissue morphology, and cecal microbiota of Sanhuang chickens, which is helpful to guide the scientific breeding of livestock and poultry. [Method] Using Sanhuang chickens as the experimental subjects, four treatments were set up, with experimental group A as the control group and fed with basic diet; Experimental groups B, C and D were fed the basic diet supplemented with 4% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis +100 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis + 100 mg/kg Lactobacillus plantarum, 8% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis +100 mg/kg B. subtilis + 100 mg/kg L. plantarum, and 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis +100 mg/kg B. subtilis + 100 mg/kg L. plantarum, respectively. The differences in growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, immune organ index, intestinal tissue morphology and cecal microbiota of Sanhuang chickens were measured and comyzoyed. [Result] Adding 4% to 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics to the diet significantly increased the average daily weight gain and significantly reduced the feed to weight ratio of Sanhuang chickens (P<0.05, the same as below), significantly reduced the content of AST, TG, and LDL-C in serum, significantly increased the thymus index, spleen index, and bursal index of Sanhuang chickens, significantly increased the villous height of the duodenum in Sanhuang chickens. Moreover, adding a combination of 8% to 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics significantly increased the velvety to crypt ratio of the duodenum and ileum, and significantly increased the Observable_Species and Chaol richness indices of cecal microbiota in Sanhuang chickens; The Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were signifiecatly increased. Adding a combination of 4% to 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics significantly reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacterial groups belonging to Actinobacteria and Bacteroides, while significantly increase the abundance of probiotic genera including Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira in the cecal microbiota of Sanhuang chickens. [Conclusion] Adding the fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics to the diet can improve the growth performance of Sanhuang chickens, in- creased the average daily weight gain, reduce feed to weight ratio, improve lipid metabolism and liver health, promote the development of immune organs and intestinal morphology, promote the proliferation of probiotics in the intestine, inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, enrich the microbiota of the cecum, and better maintain the health of Sanhuang chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the expression profiles of COL1A1 (Collagen type I alpha 1 chain) and COL1A2 (Collagen type I alpha 2 chain) genes in different tissues of sika deer, analyze their effects on tissue development of sika deer, and provide a basis for selecting candidate genes affecting important economic traits of sika deer. (Method) The expression levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine, small intestine, cecum, duodenum, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, longissimus dorsi, leg muscle and testis of male sika deer were detected by RT-qPCR. The biological information of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes and their expression profiles in different tissues of sika deer were predicted and analyzed by NetPhos 3.1, Motif Search and ProtParam software. On the basis, the phylogenetic tree of COL1A1 and COL1 A2 amino acid sequences was constructed. [Result] CDS regions of COL1AI and COL1A2 genes encoded 1463 and 1364 amino acids, respectively, and the theoretical PI were 5.60 and 9. 19, respecсtively. Both COL1A1 and COL1 A2 were hydrophilic and stable proteins with signal peptides and phosphorylation sites. The secondary and tertiary structures of COL1A1 and COL1A2 proteins were composed of random coils. Compared with other animals, deer COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes had the highest homology and the closest relationship with ruminant goats, sheep and cattle. The homology of COL1AI of deer with goats, cattle and sheep was 99.5%, 99.5% and 99.2%, respectively. The homology of COL1A2 of deer with goats, cattle and sheep was 99.1%, 99.0% and 98.9%, respectively. The results of RT-qPCR showed that COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes were expressed in different tissues of sika deer. The expression of COL1A1 gene was higher in heart, longissimus dorsi and leg muscle, which was significantly higher than that in other tissues, while the expression of COL1A2 gene was higher in heart, liver, kidney and omasum, which was significantly higher than that in other tissues. In addition, the expression of COL1A1 was higher in muscle tissue, while the expression of COL1A2 was lower. The expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 in other tissues had a trend of high and low and synergistic effect. [Conclusion] COL1A1 and COL1A2 may cooperatively maintain tissue structure and tissue development, which lays a foundation for further research on the effects of COL1A1 and COL1A2 on growth and development of sika deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the impact of different beneficial bacteria on the micro-ecological environment of tobacco rhizosphere soil in long-term continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco, aiming to provide insights for enhancing continuous cropping soil quality and mitigating obstacles associated with consecutive planting. [Method] The physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, as well as structure and function of the microbial community in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil were analyzed using pot experiment and high-throughput sequencing technology. The analysis was conducted after long-term continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco with beneficial bacteria agents including Trichoderma harzianum agent T-22 (T1 treatment), Bacillus subtilis agent (T2 treatment), and a combination of T. harzanum agent T-22 and B. subtilis agent (T3 treatment). [Result] Compared with not applying beneficial bacteria (CK), the application of beneficial bacteria agents could enhance the availability of nutrients and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of long-term continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco. Among the 10 environmental factors examined, available phosphorus (AP) content exhibited the highest contribution (4.97%) to bacterial community distribution in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil. Additionally, Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) content demonstrated the highest contribution (6.91%) to fungal community distribution, while sucrase (SC) activity ranked the second with a contribution of 6.75%; Application of beneficial bacteria agents could increase the diversity index of microbial community structure and the number of unique OTU in long-term continuous cropping tobacco rhizosphere soil; Application of beneficial bacteria agents could increase the abundance, diversity index of microbial community and number of bacteria endemic OTUs in rhizosphere soil of long-term continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco, and change the abundance of indicator species in rhizosphere soil of long-term continuous cropping fluecured tobacco, among them, Pseudomonas and Mortierella were identified as the indicator species for Tl treatment, with Sphingomonas (12. 2%) and Mortierella (25.0%) exhibiting high abundance. The abundance of the main metabolic pathways in the rhizosphere soil of longterm continuous cropping tobacco was decreased by single application of bacteria, but not by single application of fungi. The abundance of bacteria metabolic pathway in rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco could be increased by applying beneficial bacteria agent alone, while beneficial fungal agent along had the opposite effect. The abundance of fungal metabolic pathway in rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco could be increased by applying beneficial fungal agent, beneficial bacteria agent and mixed agents. [Conclusion] The application of beneficial bacteria agents has positive impact on the micro-ecological environment of rhizosphere soil in long-term continuous flue-cured tobacco cultivation. Among them, T. harzianum T-22 demonstrates superior efficacy and can be effectively utilized for the prevention and control of obstacles associated with continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of different mineral conditioners on the soil properties of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy fields and the Cd content of rice in Guangxi, so as to provide a reference basis for the utilization of paddy fields to produce safe rice. (Method) Calcium-magnesium-silicon conditioners A and B, calcium-silicon conditioner C and calcium-magnesium conditioner D(set up as treatments A, B, C and D, respectively) were selected to carry out Cd-contaminated field remediation and treatment experiments in a Cd-contaminated paddy field in Guangxi, and no n-conditioner was applied as control (CK). The pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total Cd and soil available Cd content, Cd content of rice roots, stems, leaves and seeds were determined at the rice maturity stage after the treatment to analyze the remediation and treatment effects of different mineral conditioners on Cd-contaminated paddy soils and the residual status of Cd in various parts of rice, and to analyze the correlation between soil total Cd content, CEC and pH and available Cd content. [Result] The application of mineral conditioner could significantly increase soil pH and CEC of Cd-contaminated paddy fields (P<0.05, the same as below), both of which were increased by 15.0% 16.6% and 20.4% -23.8% respectively compared with those of CK; And it could significantly reduce the Cd content in the available state of soil in Cd-contaminated paddy fields, which was decreased by 14.0%-19. 3% compared with that of CK. The soil available state Cd content of the paddy field after the application of mineral conditioners showed a significantly negative correlation with pH, and the correlation coefficient between the log In(pH) value of pH and the soil available state Cd content was 0. 4053; It showed a highly significantly negative correlation with CEC(P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient was 0.6326; With the increase in soil pH and CEC, the soil available state Cd content continuously decreased. The applications of mineral conditioners were all available in reducing the Cd content of rice roots, stems, leaves and seeds as well as the enrichment factor of Cd in the aboveground part of rice, in which the total Cd content of rice seeds was decreased by 35.9% 50.2%, and the enrichment factor of Cd in the aboveground part of rice (stems, leaves and seeds) was decreased by 19.5% -33.5%,32.1%-44.9% and 38.6%-52.6%, respectively. [Conclusion] The application of different mineral conditioners can significantly increase the pH and CEC of paddy soils, thereby reducing the Cd content in the active state of the soil, inhibiting the migration of Cd from the soil to the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of rice, decreasing the Cd content in rice, and reducing the enrichment of Cd in the aboveground parts of rice (stems, leaves and seeds). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the mechanism of yield and carbon assimilates metabolism in cotton varieties of different genotypes in response to low phosphorus stress, and to provide a theoretical basis for the physiological regulation of cotton yield and quality under low phosphorus stress in production. (Method) In the study, a pot experiment was conducted with low phosphorus tolerant genotypes (BX014 and LuYuan343) and low phosphorus sensitive genotypes (FJA and DLNTDH), and low phosphorus (P1, 15 mg/kg), medium phosphorus (P2, 50 mg/kg), normal phosphorus (P3, 150 mg/kg), and high phosphorus (P4, 300 mg/kg) were used as the experimental materials. Four treatments were used to study the effects of different phosphorus application levels on dry weight, phosphorus uptake and utilization, yield traits, and carbohydrate metabolism of cotton bolls and their correlation between carbon assimilates metabolizing enzyme activities and yield. [Result] (i) Under low phosphorus stress, the dry weight accumulation of different organs, phosphorus accumulation, plant height, number of fruiting branches, number of fruiting nodes, number of bolls, weight of bolls, seed cotton yield, lint yield and clothing fraction of cotton would be significantly reduced, while the phosphorus utilization efficiency and boll abscission rate would be significantly increased, and there was a significant reciprocal effect between different phosphorus treatments and varieties. (ii) Carbohydrate content in boll-opposed leaves was the key substance in response to low phosphorus stress; Under low phosphorus treatment, with the increase of phosphorus content, cotton boll-opposed leaves sucrose and soluble sugar content generally showed a decreasing trend, and the activities of phospho-sucrose synthetase (SPS) and sucrose synthetase (SuSy) showed a tendency to increase firstly and then decrease. (iii) Under P1, P2 and P4 treatments, the cotton dry weight, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus utilization efficiency and yield indexes of the low phosphorus tolerant genotypes were significantly higher than those of the low phosphorus sensitive genotypes, and the response to low phosphorus stress was not uniform, showing strong low phosphorus tolerance; And the activities of SPS and SuSy were significantly higher than those of the low phosphorus sensitive genotypes, and the difference in the enzyme activities might be one of the reasons for the low phosphorus tolerance of low phosphorus tolerant genotypes. The differences in enzyme activities may be one of the reasons for low phosphorus tolerance in low phosphorus tolerant genotypes. (iv) The correlation analysis of the traits showed that lint yield was extremely significant positive correlated with boll weight (correlation coefficient was 0.95), SPS (correlation coefficient was 0.96) and SuSy activity (correlation coefficient was 0.99), respectively. [Conclusion] Higher SPS and SuSy activities in the opposite leaves of cotton bolls of low phosphorus tolerant genotypes under low phosphorus stress maintain the ability of sucrose synthesis, which in turn promotes the redistribution of sugar, thus ensuring the production and accumulation of dry matter under low phosphorus conditions and thus increasing lint yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimes to study the effects of intercropping on dry matter accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization of maize and soybean, and to clarify the mechanism, which has important guiding significance for realizing high yield and high efficiency of maize and soybean intercropping. [Method] Three planting methods were set up in the experiment, namely, maize single cropping, soybean single cropping and maize and soybean intercropping. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of maize plants at widemouth stage, spinnery stage and maturity stage, and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of soybean plants at flowering stage, pod stage and maturity stage were measured respectively. The characteristics of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus absorption accumulation of different organs of maize and soybean were studied by intercropping, and the marginal effects of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization were clarified. [Result] Intercropping decreased the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen and phosphorus, and promoted the distribution of nitrogen from roots to grains compared with single cropping. The dry matter accumulation of soybean was reduced, especially the influence on the middle row was greater than that on the side row, and the dry matter and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation on the side row showed marginal effect advantage. Compared with the mono-cropping system, intercropping reduced the nitrogen transfer amount of vegetative organs in stems and leaves of corn and soybean plants by 22. 13% and 29.85%, respectively, and the contribution rate of transport nitrogen to corn kernel nitrogen decreased by 5.11% and 17.45%, respectively, and the contribution rate of root nitrogen absorption to grain nitrogen was higher than that of transport nitrogen to grain nitrogen. Intercropping could effectively improve the nitrogen use efficiency of the system, which was 2.34% and 4.62 times higher than that of corn and soybean monocropping, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of the system was 26.82% higher than that of soybean monocropping, and 10. 16% lower than that of corn monocropping. Corn occupied the dominant position in the system yield, accounting for 82.27% of the system yield, and LER reached 1.47. The system yield was 13 110 kg/hm², which was 3.96% lower than that of monocroping maize. [Conclusion] The main advantage of intercropping is to promote the distribution of nitrogen absorbed by roots to grains and improve the efficiency of nitrogen use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the impact of varying degrees of drought stress treatments on the physiological parameters of Indigofera pseudotinctoria, preliminarily evaluate the drought-resistant physiological responses of these materials, and provide a foundational reference for the selection and genetic improvement of drought-resistant germplasm in I. pseudotinctoria. [Method] 36 wild J. pseudotinctoria germplasm resources collected in Chongqing area were used as experimental materials. Pot cultivation was used to start drought treatment when 1. pseudotinctoria seedlings grew to the 90th day, and measure the content of osmoregulatory substances, relative water content, and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of I. pseudotinctoria under 0 days of stress (control group CK, the relative soil water content was 80%-85% of the field water capacity), 7 days of stress (moderate drought, soil relative moisture content was 40%-50% of the field water capacity), and 14 days of stress (severe drought, soil relative moisture content was 20%-25% of the field water capacity). Drought resistance coefficients, membership functions and cluster analysis were applied for a comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance. [Result] Under drought stress conditions, we observed a wide variation in physiological responses among the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasms, leading to significant differences in their drought resistance capabilities. Comparative analysis of mean values for various parameters showed that, in comparison to the control group, osmotic adjustment substances such as malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro) increased with the severity of drought. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) exhibited a convex trend as drought severity intensified, while relative water content (RWC) decreased with increasing drought stress. Among the seven parameters measured, peroxidase (POD) activity showed the largest coefficient of variation, while relative water content (RWC) displayed the smallest variation. Using membership function analysis, comprehensive D-value assessment, and cluster analysis, we categorized the drought resistance of the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasms into two distinct groups: Drought-resistant (comprising 8 germplasms) and sensitive (comprising 28 germplasms). Further examination of physiological indicators between these two groups revealed that drought-resistant germplasms exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance Pro content compared to their sensitive counterparts. Conclusion] Under drought stress conditions, the physiological responses of the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasm resources displayed significant diversity and variation. Among the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasms, 8 germplasms were classified as drought-resistance by a comprehensive evaluation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective) Amylose content is a key trait affecting the quality of glutinous rice. The present paper aimed to analyze the important significance of its genetic basis for rice quality improvement. (Method) In the study, we constructed the BC2F4 and BC2F5 backcross genetic generation populations of Pinnuo R191/Jinguisimiao//Jinguisimiao///Jinguisimiao' in a genetic background carrying the wxwx gene, and used the group segregation analysis method to SNP-type both parents and the high and low pooled populations using the GSR40K rice Gene- Chip, candidate genes affecting amylose content in rice were anchored according to the analysis results. (Result) Two candidate gene segments controlling amylose content were located on chromosome 5 from 0.04 to 0.37 Mb and chromosome 12 from 17.53 to 24.09 Mb. 14 pairs of polymorphic SSR markers and SNP markers were screened from the candidate intervals of chromosome 12, and the genetic linkage map was constructed by using QTL IciMapping software. By using Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping (ICIM), QTL qAC12 affecting amy- lose content was detected in the interval of N21774-A24633 with an interval distance of 3.46 Mb. The mean contribution rate to amylose content was 14. 10%, and the additive effect value was -0.11. For the analysis of candidate QTL at the end of chromosome 5, based on the genotyping results of the predicted interval marker Zc15_167, combined with the phenotype estimation, the contribution rate of QTL qAC5 to the phenotype of amylose content was 9.83%, and the additive effect value was 0. 156. 【Conlusion】 The amylose content of rice is not only regulated by Wx gene, but also closely related to other QTLs genes. It is of great significance for the breeding of new varieties of high quality rice to excavate and analyze its genetic basis. In the study, the micropotent QTL on chromosome 12 and chromosome 5 affecting amylose content of glutinous rice is identified, which can be helpful for molecular marker-assisted breeding of amylose content of glutinous rice, and has good practical value for reducing amylose content of glutinous rice and improving the quality of glutinous rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms and associated regulatory networks involved in endo- sperm development for the tropical maize inbred line. (Method) The study employed high-throughput RNA-Seq sequencing technology to compare the endosperm transcriptome of the tropical inbred maize line ZOL-1 at six stages after pollination, including 5 (day after pollination), 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days. Differentially expressed genes were annotated with KEGG and GO functions, and time-series analysis was conducted on genes with an average FPKM value greater than 1. [Result] The endosperm development of the maize inbred line ZOL-1 exhibited the fastest growth rate in grain length, width, and thickness at 25-30 days after pollination, with growth rates reaching 15.9%, 16.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Following transcriptome sequencing and comparison with the reference genome, the percentage of filtered reads was at least 83.99%, indicating good sequencing quality and assembly. A total of 7129, 5252, 4254, 775 and 312 differentially ex- pressed genes were identified between 10 d_VS_5 d, 15 d_VS_10 d, 20 d_VS_15 d, 25 d_VS_20 d and 30 d_VS_25 d, based on the sequential comparison system approach. GO functional annotation indicated that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cell differentiation process, metabolic process, catalytic activity and organelles. KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, and other processes associated with endosperm development. Through time-series analysis of genes with an FPKM mean greater than 1, 19 554 genes were classified into 10 clusters. In Cluster 7, eight starch synthase-related genes were identified, showing a significant increase in expression starting at the 15-day period and maintaining a high expression level thereafter. (Conclusion] The regulation of endosperm development in maize self-incompatible lines appears to be primarily governed by the expression of down-regulated genes. The developmental pattern of the endosperm undergoes a significant change before and after 15 days, indicating a transcriptome reprogramming. Additionally, the study identifies eight genes associated with maize starch biosynthesis, providing valuable insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of endosperm development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the histological characteristics of the ovaries, the changes in concentration of vitellogenin and nutrient metabolism level of Procambarus clarkii under the stress of sunning field, explore the relevant mechanism of nutrient changes during ovarian maturation process of P. clarkii, and the results provided a reference for the improvement and standardization of the production operation of P. clarkii ovary maturity which was promoted by environmental stress in sunning field.【Method】The experimental subjects were divided into sunning field group P. clarkii and control group P. clarkii. The female P. clarkii were collected at 0, 3, 7 and 10 days of the sunning field stress respectively. At each sampling time point, the ovaries were taken for paraffin section and HE staining. The ovaries, hepatopancreas and serum of samples were collected, of which the expression and concentration of vitellogenin mRNA and the level of nutrient metabolism were detected. 【Result】Under the sunning field stress, four ovarian development stages were identified, including the pre-vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅰ, ovary was yellow, oocyte diameter 150-250 μm), primary vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅱ, ovary was orange, oocyte diameter 250-600 μm), secondary vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅲ, ovary was brown, oocyte diameter greater than 600 μm), mature stage (stage Ⅳ, ovary was dark brown, oocyte diameter greater than 1000 μm). At 0 days of the stress, the ovarian maturation rate of female P. clarkii in the sunning field group was similar to that in the control group. At 10 days of experiment, the ovarian maturation rate of the female P. clarkii in the sunning field group rose to 96.67%, while the control group rose to 60.00%. With stress time increasing, the relative expression of vitellogenin mRNA in the ovaries and hepatopancreas of the control group and the sunning field group increased, of which vitellogenin mRNA in the hepatopancreas was greater than that in the ovaries. Over the time of experiment, the total expression level of vitellogenin mRNA of the hepatopancreas in the sunning field group and the control group was greater than that in the ovary, and the contribution rate of the hepatopancreas was greater than that of the ovary. The concentration of vitellogenin in the ovary, hepatopancreas, and serum in the sunning field group and the control group increased over time. The concentration increase of vitellogenin in the sunning field group was significantly higher than that in the control group. There was extremely significant positive correlation between hepatopancreas vitellogenin concentration and ovary vitellogenin concentration, between hepatopancreas vitellogenin concentration and serum vitellogenin concentration, between ovary vitellogenin concentration and serum vitellogenin concentration (P＜0.01). With stress time increased, hemocyanin (Hem), total protein (TP), lactic acid (LA) and glucose (Glu) content in female P. clarkii of both groups all showed a decreasing trend, the decrease range of sunning field group was greater than control group; And contents of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) showed an increasing trend, and the increasing range of sunning field group was greater than that of control group.【Conclusion】Four developmental stages in ovaries of P. clarkii were identified during environmental stress of sunning field. As stress time passed by, the relative expression and concentration of vitellogenin mRNA in different tissues of P. clarkii increased, of which contribution rate in hepatopancreas was greater than that in ovary. The contents of Hem, TP, LA, and Glu decrease, and the contents of TG and TC increase in P. clarkii, indicating that environmental stress of sunning field has a positive effect on ovarian development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the occurrence form of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soil aggregates of Cd-contaminated brown calcareous soil matrices of paddy fields in the Karst area of northwestern Guangxi, and to provide data reference for safe rice production in this type of Cd-contaminated paddy fields in the region. 【Method】The sampled soil aggregates were separated into five aggregates as ＞ 2.000 mm, 1.000-2.000 mm, 0.050-1.000 mm, 0.074-0.250 mm and ＜0.074 mm, the composition of soil aggregates particle size, Cd content of different particle size aggregates and their main occurrence patterns from 0-20, 20-30, 30-50 and 50-80 cm depth profiles in the Karst area of northwest Guangxi were studied.【Result】The proportion of 0.250-1.000 mm size aggregates in each profile was stable, above 30.00%, with no significant difference between profiles (P＞0.05), the proportion of ＞2.000 mm size aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil profile (tillage layer) was the largest (40.20%), and as the depth of the profile increased, the proportion of ＞2.000 mm size aggregates decreased rapidly, and the proportion of ＜0.250 mm size aggregates showed a gradual increasing trend. Analysis of the Cd content of agglomerates of different particle sizes showed that, in 0-20, 20-30 and 30-50 cm soil profiles, Cd was mainly enriched in ＞2.000 mm particle size aggregates, with contents as high as 2.22, 1.66 and 0.95 mg/kg, respectively, and in the 50-80 cm soil profile, Cd was mainly enriched in 1.000-2.000 mm particle size aggregates. ＞2.000 mm particle size aggregates contributed most to the whole soil Cd content in the 0-30 cm soil layer. The occurrence form of Cd in the aggregates at different profile depths showed obvious differences, the proportion of Cd in aggregates of all particle sizes in the 0-20 cm profile was mainly in the organic matter binding state, with the smallest proportion of Cd in the exchangeable state (except for ＜0.074 mm particle size aggregates), and the proportion of Cd in the exchangeable state in the aggregates increased greatly with the increase of the depth of the profile, when the profile depth was increased to under 30 cm, the Cd in the aggregates mainly existed in carbonate bound state, and with minimal content in the residue lattice state.【Conclusion】In the typical Cd-contaminated brown calcareous soil matrices of paddy fields in the Karst area of northwestern Guangxi, the Cd is mainly enriched in aggregates of ＞2.000 mm and 1.000-2.000 mm particle size, the Cd in the aggregates of each particle size in the 0-20 cm tillage soil is mainly in the form of organic matter bound state, and with the smallest proportion in the form of exchangeable state. With the increase of the profile depth, the proportion of exchangeable Cd increases greatly, while the proportion of Cd in the stable form decreases significantly. Therefore, in the actual production process, it should focus on improving the content of large particle size soil aggregates and avoiding excessive intensive ploughing and deep tilling, reducing the exchangeable state Cd content in the ploughed soil, and ultimately reducing the risk of excessive Cd in rice during rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the pathogen fungi of stem rot of Xanthium strumarium and investigate the inhibitory effects of seven fungicides in carbendazim, imazalil, procymidon, thiabendazole, topsin-methyl, fludioxonil and prochloraz on it in vivo.【Method】The pathogenic fungi were isolated from the stem base of X. strumarium by hyphal tip cutting method, and the pathogen of stem rot on X. strumarium was confirmed by Koch’s rule verification. To identify the pathogen species, morphological characteristics of the pathogenic colonies, mycelium and sclerotium were noted, internal transcribed spacer（ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α（TEF1-α) sequences were amplified by molecular biological PCR, cloned and sequenced to further analyze and identify the pathogen species.【Result】The six pathogens were isolated, and their morphological characteristics were consistent with Athellia rolfsii. About 1 week after the mycelium and sclerotium of the pathogen were respectively inoculated on the base of healthy X. strumarium stems, the symptoms of the most experimental group were the same as those of diseased plants in the field. The sequence of NCXS-1 clone was 100% consistent with the corresponding sequences of A. rolfsii strains in the database. Among the seven screened pesticide fungicides, NCXS-1 was not sensitive to carbendazim, imazalil, procymidone, thiabendazole and topsin-methyl, and both fludioxonil and prochloraz had certain inhibitory effect on the colony growth of A. rolfsii, where fludioxonil had the strongest inhibitory effect with EC50 as 0.12 mg/L.【Conclusion】The pathogen causing stem rot of X. strumarium was identified as A. rolfsii, and fludioxonil was the most effective fungicide for inhibiting the growth of stem rot of X. strumarium in 7 kinds of pesticides. The results can provide useful guidance for the effective control of X. strumarium stem rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to examine the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation, nitrogen addition and their interaction on the interspecific competition between invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native accompanying species Digitaria sanguinalis, providing reference for the control of invasive plants under the global change.【Method】According to the de Wit substitution test method, we totally set two experimental factors that contained the treatment method（nitrogen addition, UV-B radiation, nitrogen × UV-B） and the species（A. philoxeroides, D. sanguinalis） on the mono and mixed potting cultures, measured the total biomass, morphology, pigment, and photosynthetic fluorescence of these two studied plant species, and then used the two-way ANOVA and the least significant difference（LSD） multiple comparisons to examine the differences of above indicators with different treatment combinations.【Result】（i） In the monoculture, nitrogen addition led to a significant increase in the maximum stem length of plants and leaf area of D. sanguinalis by 207.154% and 297.643%, and a significant decrease in the total biomass and qp＿Lss of A. philoxeroides by 40.612% and 52.381%, respectively. UV-B radiation led to a significant increase in the maximum stem length of plants, QY＿max and QY＿Lss of A. philoxeroides by 117.607%, 404.459% and 835.714%, respectively, and a significant decrease in the QY＿Lss of D. sanguinalis by 45.605%. The interaction effect led to a significant decrease in the total biomass of A. philoxeroides and QY＿max of D. sanguinalis by 79.310% and 18.984%, and a significant increase in the QY＿max of A. philoxeroides by 685.350%, respectively. The interaction effect also led to an opposite trade-off of F0 and QY＿Lss between these two studied plant species.（ii） In the mixed culture, nitrogen addition led to a significant increase in the leaf area and Chla of D. sanguinalis by 254.259% and 53.018%, respectively, and a significant decrease in the root length and Chla of A. philoxeroides by 76.051% and 12.084%, respectively. UV-B radiation led to a significant increase in the Chla of A. philoxeroides by 45.434%. The interaction effect led to a significant decrease in the root length of A. philoxeroides by 58.824%. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen addition relatively increased the competitive advantage of D. sanguinalis in terms of biomass and morphology, but UV-B radiation weakened its photosynthetic activity and increased the chlorophyll content of A. philoxeroides. Furthermore, UV-B radiation and its interaction with nitrogen addition significantly increased the actual photochemical efficiency of A. philoxeroides. Thus, we should strengthen the monitoring of A. philoxeroides invasion under global change, to prevent the interaction of multiple factors aggravating the competitive substitution of native plants by this invader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】To provide a reference for finding eco-friendly antibacterial agents, the diversity of endophytic fungi in the medicinal plant Thespesia populnea in mangroves and their antifungal and antibacterial activities were studied. 【Method】Endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem, leaf and bark tissues of the medicinal plant T. populnea in Guangxi Beibu Gulf mangroves, and identified by a combination of morphology and molecular biology. Colletotrichum from Diospyros kaki, Juglans regia, Litchi chinensis, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 1（FOC1), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 4（FOC4), and Alternaria cucumerina from Cucumis sativus, as well as endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata from Avicennia marina, and Streptococcus iniae from Oreochromis niloticus, were selected as indicator organisms. The antifungal and antibacterial activities of endophytic fungal extracts were screened by plate confrontation method and filter paper method. 【Result】A total of 60 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from T. populnea, belonging to 5 genera and 25 species. Among them, the genera Colletotrichum and Diaporthe were dominant, with the isolation rates of 48. 33% and 26. 67%, respectively. The rest were Botryosphaeria, Didymella and Cryptosporella, with isolation rates of 15. 00%, 6. 70% and 3. 33% respectively. The most strains were isolated from the bark tissue of T. populnea, with a total of 4 genera and 23 strains, accounting for 38. 33% of the total isolation amount, followed by leaf tissue（31. 67%) and stem tissue（30. 00%). In addition, 12 endophytic fungi were found to have ITS rDNA sequence similarity of less than 95. 00% with NCBI database, indicating that they might be potential new species. The results of antifungal and antibacterial activities indicated that J1-20 had strong antifungal and antibacterial activities against the 8 selected indicator organisms. The antifungal rates against Colletotrichum of D. kaki, Colletotrichum of J. regia, Colletotrichum of L. chinensis, FOC1 and FOC4, A. cucumerina from C. sativus, A. alternata from A. marina, were 39. 39%, 25. 00%, 19. 10%, 32. 43%, 28. 20%, 89. 00% and 74. 19%, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibitory zone of J1-20 against S. iniae was 21. 00 mm. 【Conclusion】The endophytic fungi in T. populnea have rich diversity and relatively uniform distribution. Among them, J1-20 has broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial activities against 8 indicator organisms and has good development potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The current paper was conducted to study the relationships between different altitudes and the economic traits of walnut fruit, the degree of variation of main fatty acids, and the degree of variation of main fatty acids in Yunnan’s main walnut variety, Juglans sigillata cv. Yanbipao, so as to reveal the variation characteristics of its fruit shape and nutritional components, determine the best suitable cultivation area for a specific variety and to provide a theoretical basis for further developing applications.【Method】 Taking Yangbipao walnut as the test material, from the altitude of 1500 meters, the fruit was sampled every time the altitude rising by 100 meters, and the economic traits and fatty acid quality indicators of the fruit were measured and analyzed. The economic forest research method was used to determine the economic properties of nuts, main fatty acid content. Correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and determination degree analysis were carried out to reveal the relationship between each index and altitude change. 【Result】 At an altitude of 1500 meters, the thickest shell was 1.105 mm; At an altitude of 1700 meters, the smallest seed weight, kernel weight, and three-diameter mean were 9.298 g, 4.961 g, and 32.240 mm respectively; At an altitude of 1900 meters, the lowest rate of kernel release was 50.6%; At an altitude of 2300 meters, the highest values were found for seed weight, kernel weight, kernel release rate, and three-diameter mean, while the thinnest shell was 1.015 mm. The altitude had a negative correlation with shell thickness, a significant positive correlation with kernel release rate, longitudinal diameter, and transverse diameter, a positive correlation with seed weight, kernel weight, horizontal diameter, and three-diameter mean, and a positive correlation with oleic acid, peanut acid, and peanut oleic acid, as well as a negative correlation with stearic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The altitude had the greatest direct effect on peanut oleic acid, and the indirect effect on linoleic acid was greater than the direct effect. The altitude mainly affected the variation in the properties of linoleic acid, peanut acid, and peanut oleic acid. 【Conclusion】 In the study area, altitude has a comprehensive impact on the economic traits and main fatty acid content of Yangbipao walnut kernel fruits, within the range of 1500-2300 meters, these traits perform well. Through comprehensive analysis, the walnut quality is the best at an altitude of 1700-2100 meters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective】The paper aims to establish a model predicting the growth, development stages, and harvesting period of soilless-cultivated greenhouse roses, thereby providing theoretical support for the regulation of environmental factors in the cut rose production process.【Method】In the study, three distinct cut rose varieties with significant differences in growth cycles, namely ‘Loshen’‘Huanlesong’ and ‘Fenhongxueshan’, were selected for soilless cultivation in plastic greenhouse tunnels in Malong district, Qujing city. Data on growth and development were collected over five periods, accompanied by concurrent records of light radiation and temperature during 2021-2022. By analyzing the growth cycle characteristics of cut roses, the study established a predictive model based on the physiological product of thermal effectiveness and PAR（PTEP） to describe the growth and development stages of cut roses. Subsequently, the constructed growth model was validated using independent data.【Result】Cut roses required physiological thermal accumulations of 22.08, 29.41 and 38.89 MJ/m² during the pruning to bud, bud to flowering, and flowering to harvest stages, respectively. The predictive model for the growth and development stages of cut roses, constructed in the study, was based on PTEP. At various growth and development stages of cut roses, the simulated predicted values of the model exhibit good consistency with the measured values. The 1∶1 linear regression standard errors（RMSE） between model-predicted values and measured values were 0.7, 6.5 and 9.4 days, demonstrating the accuracy of the model predictions.【Conclusion】Considering the combined effects of light radiation and temperature, the model developed in the study can predict the timing of various growth and development stages of cut roses, as well as the harvest period for cut flower products. With this model, growers can make precise adjustments to light and temperature in the greenhouse, effectively regulating the growth cycle of cut rose products. The study not only provides a scientific foundation for the production of cut rose products in greenhouse soilless cultivation but also offers valuable technical support for growers in formulating practical production plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different mulching measures on fungal community structure, ecological function and species interaction in rhizosphere soil of Allium chinense, in order to provide theoretical basis and data support for the use and selection of mulching film for production.【Method】At the harvest period of A. chinense, rhizosphere soil covered with ordinary transparent film, blue film and no film treatment was collected, and the fungal community in the rhizosphere soil under each treatment was studied using high-throughput sequencing technology, FUNGuild database, molecular ecological network and other analytical methods.【Result】The mulching treatment reduced the diversity of fungal communities, but under the blue mulching treatment, beneficial fungal communities such as Humicola, Talaromyces and Aspergillus with higher relative abundance were enriched; From the molecular ecological network of fungi, it could be seen that although plastic film coverage simplified the network, the resistance of fungal communities to the external environment had been improved, with blue plastic film exhibiting more stability than ordinary plastic film; In addition, after functional prediction of the fungal communities in each treatment, it was found that the relative abundance of saprophytic functional microbial communities was higher under blue plastic film, promoting the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling.【Conclusion】The fungal community structure, ecological functions, and species relationships in the rhizosphere soil of A. chinense show significant differences under different film covering treatments. Among them, the fungal community under blue film covering treatment is more conducive to the growth and development of A. chinense, but at the same time, the potential risks caused by the increase of pathogenic functional bacterial communities caused by film covering measures should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics and influencing mechanism of high-quality agricultural development and cultivated land utilization efficiency in Sichuan province, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of the two systems and improving the high-quality agricultural development level of Sichuan province. [Method] Taking 21 cities and prefectures in Sichuan province as the research objects, the spatio-temporal coupling characteristics and influencing mechanisms of high-quality agricultural development and cultivated land use efficiency in Sichuan province from 2011 to 2021 were studied by entropy method, super-efficiency DEA model, kernel density estimation, coupling coordination model and geographic detector. [Result] (i) The high-quality agricultural development level and cultivated land utilization efficiency in Sichuan province improved, and the overall spatial evolution of high-quality agricultural development level changed from unipolar to multipolar, forming a pattern of Chengdu Plain being the best, peripheral graded mosaic', the spatial distribution of cultivated land utilization efficiency and the high-quality agricultural development level had convergence, forming a pattern of high-efficiency large-area uplift area with Chengdu, Ya'an, Deyang and Meishan as the core, Panzhihua as the polar core, and the peripheral hierarchical collapse'. (ii) The coupling coordination between the high-quality development level of agriculture and the efficiency of arable land utilization in Sichuan province increased from 0. 526 to 0. 704, and the coordination effect gradually increased. The whole experienced three levels of changes of reluctant coordination, primary coordination, and intermediate coordination'. From the perspective of time changes, the province roughly experienced three periods of development, lag and improvement'. From the perspective of spatial changes, Chengdu took the lead in entering the stage of high-quality coordination, followed by Ya'an and Panzhihua. Mianyang, Meishan, Leshan and Neijiang entered a good coordination stage, while Ganzi Prefecture, Aba Prefecture and Liangshan Prefecture were still in a disorder stage. (iii) The driving force of agricultural scale increased year by year, becoming the most significant driving factor, resource consumption and agricultural economic coordination index driving force also improved, while the driving force of urbanization level and mechanization level weakened. [Conclusion] Promoting large-scale agricultural management and reducing resource consumption have a certain positive effect on promoting high-quality agricultural devlopment and coordinated development of farmland utilization efficiency. In addition, the province should reasonably promote urbanization development on the basis of stabilizing the scale of existing cultivated land and striving to achieve no reduction in the quantity of cultivated land and improvement in quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of microplastics on the structure and carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus stoichiometric characteristics of red soil with different levels of iron enrichment, and to provide theoretical basis for guiding the improvement of soil quality and pollution management in red soil areas. [Method] Using subtropical red soil as the research object, low density polyethylene (M0, M1, M2) with 0, 0.1%, 1.0% mass and iron (Fe0, Fe1, Fe2) with 0, 10 and 20 g/kg mass were added through indoor cultivation experiments to simulate the pollution level of microplastics and the degree of iron enrichment in red soil. The distribution characteristics of water stable aggregates and the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in red soil polluted by microplastics under different iron enrichment conditions were studied. [Result] Under the condition of Fe0o, compared with M0, the aggregate content (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of M1 with particle size > 0.25 mm decreased, and the WSA, MWD and GMD of M2 increased significantly; Under Fe0, conditions, there was no significant difference in the stability indicators of aggregates among M0, M1 and M2; Under Fe2 conditions, both M1 and M2 significantly reduced the WSA, MWD and GMD of soil aggregates. In terms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content and their stoichiometric characteristics, M1 and M2 under Fe0 conditions could significantly increase soil organic carbon content (SOC); Under Fe0, and Fe2 conditions, microplastic treatment had no significant effect on SOC. The total nitrogen content (TN) of the soil decreased significantly under Fe0, and Fe1, conditions, while microplastic treatment had no significant effect on TN under Fe2 conditions; The total phosphorus content (TP) of the soil showed M0 > M1 > M2. The changes in soil nutrients ultimately led to a significant increase in C/N, C/P and N/P of all microplastic treatments (except for Fe0, M1, Fe2 M1 and Fe2 M2). [Conclusion] The effects of different treatments on the stability of soil aggregates vary. Under the current existing red soil conditions, low micro plastic pollution can reduce the stability of soil aggregates, while high micro plastic pollution can increase the stability of soil aggregates. Under relatively light iron rich red soil conditions, both low and high microplastic pollution have no significant impact on the stability of soil aggregates. Under relatively high iron rich red soil conditions, both low and high microplastic pollution can reduce the stability of soil aggregates. M0reover, the changes in soil aggregate structure under different treatments led to significant differences in the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil. Overall, microplastic pollution can significantly improve the C/N, C/P and N/P of red soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to optimize the medium composition and fermentation parameters of Trichoderma harzianum strain UN-2 producing β-glucanase, improve its β-glucanase production capacity, and study the antagonism of the crude enzyme solution of βglucanase on the pathogen of rice sheath blight and its field control effect, so as to clarify the application potential of T. harzianum strain UN2 in controlling rice sheath blight. [Method] In order to optimize the inducing conditions for the production of β-glucanase from T. harzianum strain UN-2, a single factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of carbon, nitrogen and metal ions on the production of β-glucanase from T. harzianum strain UN-2, and orthogonal experiments were used to determine the optimal temperature, pH, inoculation amount, bottled amount, shaking speed, and fermentation time for the production of glucanase from T. harzianum strain UN-2. The antifungal and preventive effects of crude β-glucanase solution on rice sheath blight were studied through in vitro antagonism and field experiments. [Result] The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for the fermentation of β-glucanase from T. harzianum strain UN-2 were wheat bran and ammonium sulfate, respectively. Metal ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ had a significant promotional effect on the activity of β-glucanase induced from T. harzianum. The optimal culture medium for T. harzianum strain UN-2 to produce β-Glucanase were composed of 10.0 g/L wheat bran, 0.5 g/L β-glucan, 4.0 g/L ammonium sulfate, 1.5 mmol/L Ca2+,0.5 mmol/L Mg2+. And the optimal fermentation conditions for producing β-glucanase were as follows: 30 mL medium filled in 250 mL flask with 8 mL inoculum amount of the culture, initial pH 6.5, at 32 °C, with shaker speed 160 r/min, incubating for 64 hours. The crude β-glucanase solution induced from T. harzianum strain UN-2 had a significant inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth and sclerotia germination of Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizoctonia cerealis, and the field control effect on rice sheath blight caused by R. solani was 70.45%, which was equivalent to 5% Jinggangmycin treatment. The crude β-glucanase solution could improve rice seed setting rate and grain plumpness. [Conclusion】 Under the optimal fermentation conditions, the activity of β-glucanase induced from T. harzianum strain UN-2 is 97.68 U/mL, the crude β-glucanase solution has strong antifungal and preventive effects on rice sheath blight, and has a certain growth promotion effect on rice plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the photosynthesis-related cold-resistant genes in Mandragora chinghaiensis grown at high altitude and low temperature. [Method] Taking 0 °C low temperature stress Qinghai eggplant ginseng as the experimental material, the key time points were found through photosynthetic physiological experiments, and then transcriptomics analysis was carried out to screen photosynthetic related cold-resistant genes and perform real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis. [Result] The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, maximum fluorescence, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transfer rate showed a gradual downward trend, while the intercellular CO2 concentration, initial fluorescence, and non-photochemical quenching coefficient showed an upward trend. Based on the comprehensive analysis of changes in photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the key time node was 12 hours. According to the analysis of transcriptome, seven genes were screened. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of CP43 gene was up-regulated first and then down-regulated, showing an overall upward trend; The expression of CAB-8, САВ-11, СР24-10B, CH-02, FD-C2, and PSI-D2 genes was first down-regulated and then up-regulated, showing an overall downward trend. [Conclusion] The results of the study provided some theoretical support for the screening of photosynthesis-related cold resistance genes and the subsequent transgenic verification, the main purpose of screening genes has been achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the gene levels of betaine and key enzyme contents in Lycium barbarum, and provide technical support for the quality generation cultivation of L. barbarum in Ningxia. [Method] In the experiment, Ningqi No. 1' was used as the experimental material, and the split-plot experiment design was used. The main area was two treatments of nitrogen fertilizer application depth A (A1: 0-20 cm, A2: 20-40 cm), and the sub-area was five treatments of nitrogen application amount B (CK: 0 kg/666.7 m², B1: 15 kg/666.7 m², B2: 30 kg/666.7 m², B3: 45 kg/666.7 m², B4: 60 kg/666.7 m²). Through the determination of related indicators during the growth period of L. barbarum and the high-throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis of L. barbarum samples with different nitrogen levels, the effects of nitrogen on betaine and key metabolic enzymes in L. barbarum were clarified. [Result] With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the contents of betaine and its synthesis-related enzymes in L. barbarum were basically on the rise. When the concentration reached 45 kg/666.7 m², the contents of the measured indexes began to decrease. A total of 98 264 genes were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, including 10 081 differentially expressed genes. GO annotation analysis showed that the annotated genes were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, apoplast, monooxygenase activity, chlorophyll, tetrapyrrole binding enzyme activity and other processes. After KEGG annotation, it was found that the differential gene signal patnway was significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, plant pathogen interaction and ribosome. The differentially expressed genes related to betaine synthesis were analyzed, and it was found that the expression levels were up-regulated to varying degrees. Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the content of the measured indicators and the results of gene expression levels showed that the up-regulation of betaine synthesis-related enzyme genes led to changes in betaine content in L. barbarum fruits. [Conclusion] The key enzymes of betaine synthesis are monooxygenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the content of key enzymes in betaine synthesis and the number of related genes are up-regulated, resulting in the increase of betaine content in L. barbarum fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study whether UGT198 gene was involved in the regulation of insect resistance of (Nicotiana tabacum) tobacco, and lay a foundation for the future study of UGT198 gene in the regulation of poplar insect resistance. [Method] By analyzing the public transcriptome data, it was found that PtrUGT198 was highly expressed in the transcriptome of poplar responding to insect infestation, and the bioinformatics and evolutionary analysis were conducted. Using 107 poplar as material, UGT198 gene was cloned, overexpression vector was constructed, and overexpression transgenic strain of tobacco was obtained by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The feeding experiments preliminarily verified whether PtrUGT198 gene participated in the regulation of insect resistance, and analyzed the function of UGT198 gene in the regulation of insect resistance. [Result] The complete ORF region of PtrUGT198 gene was 1440 bp, encoding 479 amino acids, theoretical molecular weight was 53. 14 kDa, and isoelectric point was 5.92, encoding unstable hydrophobic protein. The secondary structure of PtrUGT198 protein consisted of α-helix (41.75%), β-fold (14.61%), β-corner (7.10%) and random curl (36.53%). PtrUGT198 did not have a transmembrane region, which was predicted to be a non-secreted protein, and the phosphorylation of this protein was mainly serine. The results of homologous sequence comparison showed that highly conserved plant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG) motif existed in the C-terminal of PtrUGT198 protein. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that PtrUGT198 protein was the most closely related to Populus tomentosa, P. alba and P. euphratica in the same genus, followed by a close relationship with tobacco model plants. UGT198 gene of poplar was cloned, pNC-UGT198 gene overexpression vector was constructed, and overexpression transgenic strain of tobacco was obtained. [Conclusion] UGT198 gene was successfully cloned for the first time, and its function of regulating insect resistance was initially analyzed, which provided reference value for further understanding of the mechanism of regulating poplar insect resistance by UGT198. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of rearing material nutrients and juvenile hormone Ⅲ (JHIII) on the growth and development of Hepialus menyuanicus larvae, and to clarify the direct and indirect relationships between rearing material nutrients and JHIII on the growth and development of larvae using through path analysis. [Method] The newly molted 3rd instar larvae were studied with coconut flour as the rearing substrate, and a two-factor experimental design was used with four rearing materials[J: (Potentilla anserina), H: (Daucus carota), Z: (Polygonum viviparum) and D: (Rheum palmatum) ]and three JHIII titer levels (B1: 13.32 μg/g, B2: 16.56 μg/g and B3: 22.76 μg/g) were reared on larvae, and the reared materials were analyzed for crude protein, crude fiber, soluble sugar, crude ash, water content, carbohydrate and JHIII on larval growth and development (head width, body length, body weight and survival rate) were analyzed by regression analysis and path analysis. [Result] Both rearing materials and JHIII significantly affected the growth and development of larvae with a significant interaction effect (P＜0.05) .Path analysis showed that JHIII had the greatest direct effect on larval head width, body length, body weight and survival rate (P=-2.56, P=-1.89, P=-3.66, P=2.36) .Crude protein had the greatest indirect promoting effect on head width and body length (P=3.99, P=3.79), soluble sugar had the greatest indirect promoting effect on body weight (P=5.40), and crude ash had the greatest indirect inhibitory effect on survival (P=-5.14), and crude protein, soluble sugar, and crude ash all had the greatest indirect effects on head width and body length, body weight, and survival through JHIII (P=2.23, P=1.64, P=2.93, P=-2.86) . [Conclusion] The paper preliminarily finds the simple mechanism of feeding materials affecting the growth and development of larvae.JHIII is a direct factor affecting the growth and development of larvae, while nutrients in rearing materials are an indirect factor and affect larval growth and development through changes in JHIII titer.The nutrients of rearing materials lead to inconsistent growth and development of larvae by affecting the JHIII titer of the larvae.Among them, crude protein, soluble sugar and crude ash promote the growth of head width and body length of larvae, promote the development of body weight and reduce the survival rate of larvae by inhibiting the JHIII titer.The study provides a scientific reference for the artificial domestication and succession rearing of H.menyuanicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to promote the more effective transformation of agricultural scientific and technological a- chievements, it is necessary to build a stable transformation model and a scientific and reasonable profit distribution mechanism. [Method] The paper summarized the typical transformation models through field research on the relevant subjects involved in the transformation of agri- cultural scientific and technological achievements in Sichuan province. Considering the risk-taking, technological innovation and cooperation degree of participants, the paper constructed a benefit distribution model for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological a- chievements based on the modified Shapley value method, and made a theoretical and empirical analysis on the benefit distribution mecha- nism of each subject in the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. [Result】(i) Government, research insti- tute, agricultural enterprises, dealers/retailers, village collective economic organizations, cooperatives/family farms/farmers have formed the transformation models of public welfare, operation and poverty alleviation. Resource sharing, complementary advantages, and coordinated development among cooperative entities in different models were conducive to reducing transaction costs, improving the efficiency of profes- sional division, realizing economies of scale and scope, and creating higher overall returns and individual benefits. (ii) Constructing a trans- formation model of agricultural scientific and technological achievements led by agricultural enterprises formed a higher efficiency of scientific and technological resource allocation and promoted the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. (iii) The re- vised benefit distribution method was more realistic and conducive to the long-term stability of cooperation due to the inclusion of the influ- ence of risk-taking, technological innovation and cooperation degree of participants. 【Conclusion】 By increasing policy support for agricultur-al enterprises leading scientific and technological innovation, enhancing the synergy of cooperative innovation among different subjects, and establishing a scientific and reasonable benefit distribution mechanism, it is conducive to promoting the effective transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study VdActin7 gene expression pattern in different tissues of Vaccinium dunalianum Wight.【Method】The cDNA and DNA of VdActin7 gene were successfully cloned by PCR technique based on the transcriptome database of 3 generations of V. dunalianum. The expression of VdActin7 gene in young leaves, mature leaves, flower buds, flowers, green fruits, red fruits, green fruit stems and red fruit stems of V. dunalianum was further detected and analyzed using qRT-PCR technique. 【Result】The full length of VdActin7 gene and cDNA were 1657 and 1387 bp, respectively, which contained 3 introns, namely, intron1 of 93 bp, intron2 of 89 bp and intron3 of 88 bp. It had an open reading frame length of 1134 bp, encoding 377 amino acids. The protein VdActin7 with a relative molecular weight of 41.70 KD and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.31, was a stable hydrophilic protein, without signal peptide and transmembrane domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VdActin7 was closest to V. ashei Actin7, which also belonged to the Vaccinium family. The codon usage bias analysis of the VdActin7 gene showed that GC contents of codon(GC) and 3rd nucleotide in codon GC3s were 48.2% and 44.1%, respectively, the effective number of codon(ENC) was 49.28%, a total of high-frequency codons was 31. The codon bias was similar to that of Ziziphus, both with the strongest bias for CUU, followed by GUU, and the bias for CUU was significantly stronger in V. dunalianum(3.43) than that in Ziziphus(2.57). qRT-PCR analysis showed that the VdActin7 gene expression showed obvious tissue specificity, with the highest in young leaves while lower expression in mature leaves and flowers, meanwhile no detectable expression or no expression in fruits, suggesting that the VdActin7 gene might play an important role in the development of young leaves. 【Conclusion】In the paper, we reported the Actin7 gene sequence and its characteristics in V. dunalianum for the first time, and found that the VdActin7 gene had tissue expression specificity. This laid the foundation for further study of VdActin7 gene function, expression regulation and mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to realize the rapid estimation of soil pH in tobacco field on the regional scale. [Method] 296 tobacco field soils in Sichuan province were studied. The spectral reflectance of 390 - 2500 nm band of farmland soil was obtained by hyperspectral imaging technology. The effects of 12 spectral preprocessing methods, 2 characteristic band screening methods and 4 modeling methods on the accuracy of the hyperspectral estimation model of soil pH in tobacco field were systematically studied. [Result] In the range of 600 - 2500 nm, the spectral reflectance curves of different pH were obviously different. The accuracy of the estimation model was improved after single and combination preprocessing of the original spectrum. Among them, the first derivative (Dl) combined with standard normal variate (SNV) was the best spectral preprocessing method. A total of 93 soil pH characteristic bands were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) algorithm, which were mainly concentrated in the near infrared band 800 - 2500 nm. Both kernel ridge regression (KRR) and support vector machine (SVM) could obtain better estimation accuracy than partial least square regression (PLSR) and ridge regression (RR), regardless of spectral features obtained by all-band spectrum or principal component analysis dimension reduction. However, the estimation accuracy of PLSR and RR models was higher than that of KRR and SVM models in the feature bands screened by CARS. Based on Dl-SNV preprocessing method, the PLSR estimation model of soil pH established by using CARS screening characteristic bands had high accuracy, the coefficient of determination of model validation set was 0. 758, the root mean square error was 0. 555, and the residual prediction deviation was 2. 034. [Conclusion] It is feasible to use hyperspectral imaging technology to estimate the pH of tobacco field with high accuracy at regional scale, and the pH can be estimated by D1-SNV-CARS -PLSR model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore and design the platform architecture of agricultural machinery socialization service supply and demand docking, provide agricultural machinery socialization services scientifically and reasonably according to the needs of farmers, and coordinate the management of massive agricultural machinery socialization service data and information, so as to promote the development of agricultural informatization, so as to improve the management level of agricultural machinery and the quality and efficiency of agricultural machinery socialization services, and provide effective support for the transformation and upgrading of modem agriculture. [Method] Factor analysis was used to sort out the core requirements of users for the platform, divide the functional modules of the platform, and design the platform architecture based on this. The service blueprint theory was exploringly applied to the socialization of agricultural machinery services, which depicted the blueprint of the supply and demand docking platform of agricultural machinery socialization services, displayed various activities in the process of socialized agricultural machinery services, sorted out the service process, and showed the integrity of the platform architecture design in a visual form. [Result] The data variation explained by the four main factors was greater than 5%, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 85. 32%, and the four main factors could be extracted, which were named as platform management optimization function requirements, agricultural machinery operation service function requirements, agricultural machinery information service function requirements and agricultural machinery supporting service function requirements to comprehensively express the functional requirements of the agricultural machinery socialized service supply and demand docking platform. Based on the results of factor analysis function division and the process of agricultural machinery socialized service described in the service blueprint, the architecture of the agricultural machinery socialized service supply and demand docking platform was designed. [Conclusion] With the adjustment of China's population structure, the shortage of labor in agricultural production, and the increasing demand of farmers for agricultural machinery socialization services, the construction of agricultural machinery socialization service platform is the general trend, and it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and gradual improvement in the future to promote the final construction and implementation of the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed at determining the occurrence of chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) in tobacco in Guizhou and the genetic evolution relationship between the ChiVMV strains in Guizhou and in other provinces in China, so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific and reasonable prevention and control measures. [Method] 80 tobacco leaf samples suspected of virus infection were collected from the tobacco fields of Guiyang, Zunyi, Anshun and Tongren in Guizhou province, showing the symptoms of leaf mottling, wrinkling, necrosis and mosaic. Multiple viral primers were designed to detect the collected samples by RT-PCR method, and the detected ChiVMV was further amplified by PCR to obtain the whole genome sequence of Guizhou tobacco ChiVMV. Based on all ChiVMV genome sequences published by NCBI, sequence consistency analysis was performed and phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed to study the genetic evolutionary relationship of Guizhou ChiVMV tobacco isolates. [Result] The results of RT-PCR showed that the detection rate of ChiVMV was 37. 50%, the detection rate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was 48. 75%, and the detection rate of potato virus Y (PVY) was 35. 00%. The detection rate of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was only 8. 75%. Four complex infection types TMV + PVY, PVY + ChiVMV, PVY + CMV and ChiVMV + PVY + TMV were detected, and the detection rates were 26. 25%, 6. 25%, 10. 00% and 3. 75%, respectively. Guizhou tobacco isolate ChiVMV-GZ (GenBank: OP589298) was obtained by PCR. Sequence consistency analysis showed that ChivMV-GZ was identical with tomato isolates from Sichuan (KC711055) and Sichuan tobacco isolates (MK405594) with high sequence consistency (98. 70% and 98. 50%). Phylogenetic tree was constructed and it found that ChivMV-GZ clustered with ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [Conclusion] The damage of ChiVMV in Guizhou tobacco has been increasingly serious and sufficient attention should be paid. ChiVMV-GZ was isolated from Guizhou tobacco and amplified to obtain the whole genome of the virus in the study. Based on genetic evolution analysis, it was found that ChiVMV-GZ was most closely related to ChiVMV strains from Sichuan and Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To study the effects of protein X (pX) on Toll-like receptors after fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) infection of LMH cells, the present paper provided data reference for further explaining the pathogenic mechanism and immune response mechanism of FAdV-4 infection. [Method] FAdV-4 X gene coding sequence (CDS) was amplified by PCR, and linked to pEFl α-HA vector, and the recombinant expression plasmid pEFlα-HA-X was constructed. The recombinant expression plasmid pEFlα-HA-X and empty vector pEFlα-HA-were transfected into LMH cells respectively, after 24 hours, the transfected cells were stimulated with FAdV-4, and the treatments were marked as pEFlα-HA-X+ and pEFlα-HA+, without virus stimulation after transfection was set up as control and marked as pEFlα-HAX- and pEFlα-HA-. Western-blotting and indirect immunofluorescence were used to verified expression of recombinant protein X, real-time florescence quantitative PCR assays was used to detected the mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptors (chTLRla, chTLRlb, chTLR2a, chTLR2b, chTLRJ, chTLR4, chTLR5, chTLR7, chTLR15, chTLR21) and effect factors (JFN-α, INF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15). [Result] The open reading frame (ORF) of X gene was 540 hp, encoding 179 amino acids residues. Western-blotting showed that recombinant X protein reacted with HA tag mouse-derived monoclonal antibody with a single band at 27 kD and green fluorescence visualized by indirect immunofluorescence. Real-time florescence quantitative PCR showed that, compared with pEFlα-HA-group the mRNA transcription levels of chTLRla and chTLRl b in pEFl α-HA-X-group were extremely significantly up-regulated (P < 0. 01, the same as below), as 9. 76 and 12. 34 times as that of pEFl α-HA-group, mRNA transcription levels of chTLR2a, chTLR2b, chTLR5, chTLR7, chTLRl 5 and chTLR21 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0. 05, the same as below). After virus infection, the mRNA transcription levels of chTLRl a and chTLRl b in pEFlα-HA-X+ group were extremely significantly down-regulated by 60. 0% and 66. 7% compared with pEFlα-HA-X-group, and the mRNA transcription levels of chTLR2a, chTLR2b and chTLRJ were significantly increased by 2. 91, 2. 01 and 1. 47 times respectively, the transcription levels of other chTLRs were down-regulated but not significantly ( P > 0. 05). At the same time, the mRNA transcription levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1β in pEFlα-HA-X + group were significantly up-regulated compared with pEFlα-HA-X-group, mRNA transcription level of IL-8 was extremely significantly down-regulated. [Conclusion] Overexpression of pX in LMH cells and after infection with FAdV-4, pX can activate host immune response system, mRNA transcription level of Toll-like receptors (chTLR2a, chTLR2b, chTLRJ) and effector factors (JFN-α, INF-β, IL-1β) significantly up-regulate to inhibit viral replication, indicating that pX has the function of activating the natural immune system of host cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to study the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of different varieties of tea trees, to reveal the relationship between the high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, nutrient content and the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil in new shoots of different varieties of tea trees, and to provide theoretical support for the organic planting and production of commercial tea. [Method] In the study, different varieties of tea trees were selected to determine the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of new shoot and analyze the physicochemical properties and the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of tea plants by using soil agricultural chemistry combined with 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Moreover, correlation analyses were conducted. [Result] There were significant differences in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content of new shoots of different varieties. Among different tea tree varieties, the varieties with higher nitrogen content in new shoots had higher pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, and hydrolytic nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil. Moreover, varieties with higher phosphorus content in new shoots had higher total phosphorus and available phosphorus content in the rhizosphere soil. Additionally, varieties with higher potassium content in new shoots had higher total potassium and available potassium content in the rhizosphere soil. The richness and diversity of bacterial communities were important environmental factors that contributed to the formation of nutrient differences among different varieties. Analysis of community structure showed that the dominant bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of different tea tree varieties were Proteobacteria, Actinomycetota, Cyanophyta, Chloroflexota, Planctomycetota, Bacillota, etc. The rhizosphere soil pH, contents of organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium had a greater impact on the bacterial community structure, especially on Proteobacteria, Actinomycetota, Chloroflexota, Planctomycetota, Bacillota and Cyanophyta. [Conclusion] There were great differences of nutrient contents among the rhizosphere soil of different tea trees varieties. Tea trees with higher contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in new shoots had higher soil pH, and contents of organic matter, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium, leading to a greater richness and diversity of bacterial communities. It was an important environmental factor for the formation of nutrient differences in tea trees. Among different tea tree varieties, the bacterial communities of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetota, Chloroflexota, Planctomycetota, Bacillota, and Cyanophyta were relatively abundant in the rhizosphere soil of tea trees with high nutrient content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the chemical composition and content of volatile oil in the seeds and leaves of different provenances of Cryptocarya concinna, and to provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of C. concinna. [Method] The volatile oil was extracted from the seeds and leaves of 8 provenances [Jinxiu(JX), Yongfu(YF), Longsbeng (LS), Shangsi (SSl and SS2), Guiping (GP), Longan (LA) and Wuming (WM)] by Soxblet extraction method. The oil content of the seeds was determined. The fatty acid composition of the volatile oil in the seeds was determined by gas chromatography( GC). The chemical composition of the volatile oil in the leaves was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and comparative analysis of chemical constituents of volatile oil from different provenances of C. concinna was conducted. [Result] The average oil content of the seeds from 8 provenances was 1. 70% -4. 67%, and the volatile oil extraction rate of the seeds from YF provenance was the highest. Nine types of fatty acids were detected in the volatile oil of its seeds, all of which were mainly unsaturated fatty acids, with a content of 76. 45 % - 81. 15 %. A total of 89 chemical components were identified from the volatile oil of the leaves of 8 provenances, including 20 alcohols, 2 phenols, 1 aldehyde, 11 ketones,8 alkanes, 24 olefins, 19 esters and 4 other types. There were differences in the composition and content of volatile oil compounds in leaves of different provenances. Among them, the relative content of stigmastan-3, 5-diene was the highest in the volatile oil of SSl, GP and LA provenances, reaching 39. 31 %, 32. 61 % and 45. 01 %, respectively. The relative content of (-) -spathulenol was the highest in the volatile oil of YF, LS and WM provenances, which was 23. 98%, 18. 70% and 16. 59%, respectively. The relative content of-y-sitosterol in the volatile oil of SS2 provenance leaves was the highest, which was 23. 45%. The relative content of 16-hentriacontanone was the highest in the volatile oil of JX provenance leaves, which was 30. 91 %. Each provenance had its own unique chemical composition. [Conclusion] The extraction rate of volatile oil from the seeds of C. concinna from YF provenance was the highest; The content of unsaturated fatty acids in the volatile oil of 8 provenances was higher than that of saturated fatty acids. The volatile oils of the leaves of different provenances of C. concinna contained a variety of common chemical components and unique components, but the contents were different. Therefore, in the development of perfume industry, daily chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry and health care products, the appropriate provenances of C. concinna can be selected according to different oil characteristics and chemical composition contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the metabolic differences between the local flue-cured tobacco variety Jiucaiping 2 selected by the Bijie Tobacco Company and the control variety Yunyan 87 planted in the Bijie area, lay the foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanism of the aroma style characteristics of Jiucaiping 2 tobacco leaves, and provide theoretical basis for the promotion and application of this variety. [Method]Taking Yunyan 87 as the reference material, the metabolome analysis of Yunyau 87 and Jiucaiping 2 fresh tobacco leaves from three tobacco leaf production areas ( Dayi, Kele, Tiejiaug) in Hezhaug county, Bijie city was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. [ Result] A total of 1880 peaks were detected in the tobacco samples, and principal component analysis showed significant metabolic differences between Jiucaiping 2 and Yunyan 87 in three tobacco producing regions. Metabolite difference analysis was performed with difference multiple greater than 2 and the P < 0. 05 oft-test as the standard. The order of ion quantity differences among different production areas was Dayi > Kele > Tiejiaug. At the same time, it was identified that 46 ion peaks had au increased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2 from three production areas, while 49 ion peaks had a decreased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2 from three production areas. A flavonoid metabolite M_9637[luteolin 7-(6'-malonylglucoside) ]was further identified among the peaks with increased accumulation in Jiucaiping 2. Widely-targeted metabolic analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in two tobacco varieties revealed an increasing trend of accumulation of two types of flavonoids (isorhamnetin and quercetin) in Jiucaiping 2. The analysis of nomicotine and nicotine showed that both metabolites tended to accumulate and decrease in Jiucaiping 2. [Conclusion] In the study, the comparative analysis of the metabolites of Jiucaiping 2 and Yunyan 87 in three tobacco producing areas found that the metabolism of flavonoids in Jiucaiping 2 was higher than that of Yunyan 87, and the metabolism of nicotine was lower than that of Yunyau 87. The differences in the accumulation of the above two types of substances may be the basis for the formation of the aroma style characteristics of Jiucaiping 2 tobacco leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the effects of different degradation films on the growth of pumpkin and the characteristics of the changes in the degradation performance and mechanical properties of the films.【Method】We investigated the trends of mechanical indexes such as film elongation and breaking force values of black PE film (CK), white degradable film (T1), black degradable film (T2) and black carbon dioxide-based degradable film (T3) and their effects on the growth of pumpkin plants during the reproductive period of pumpkin through the field mulching test.【Result】With the increase of coating time, it was found that the mechanical properties of different membranes showed a decreasing trend through the mechanical properties testing and degradation degree analysis during the important fertility period, and the values of the mechanical indexes of the three degradable membranes showed the most obvious decreasing magnitude. Among them, the initial values of all mechanical indexes of T1 treated membranes were higher than those of T2 and T3, and the degradation degree was weaker than that of T2 and T3 during the reproductive period of pumpkin; the values of all mechanical characteristics of T2 and T3 were relatively similar, and the degradation degree of the membranes was of the same grade. Through correlation analysis, it was concluded that the mechanical characteristics of the degraded film were negatively correlated with the degree of degradation, and the degree of degradation increased with the decrease of the mechanical characteristic values; the SPAD value, chlorophyll a and b contents of the leaves of CK mulching treated plants were higher than those of the three degraded films, and they had stronger photosynthetic capacity, so the growth and development in the number of leaves, area and length of the vine showed better performance. Black degradation film (T2) and black carbon dioxide-based degradation film (T3) treated pumpkins had increased soluble solids and Vc contents, which had an enhancement effect on the overall quality of pumpkin, and the pumpkin yields of the two converged and were not significantly different from those of CK. 【Conclusion】 Degradation of the mechanical properties of the degradable film will accelerate the rate of degradation and affect the performance of film-assisted production, covering the black degradable film and black carbon dioxide-based degradable film can be made to improve the quality of pumpkin quality, and pumpkin yield is not significantly different from the covering of black PE film. In view of the environmentally friendly nature of degradable films in agricultural production, it is feasible to replace ordinary PE films in crop and vegetable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to learn the mitochondrial genome characteristics of Abisara chela, and analyze the relationships among riodinid butterflies and the status in higher taxonomic categories. [Method] After morphological identification of riodinid imago collected in Tibet Autonomous Region, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of A. chela by high - throughput sequencing method and analyzed mitochondrial genome characteristics of A. chela. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using Maximum Likelihood method and Bayesian inference. [Result] The mitochondrial genome of A. chela contains 37 genes ( 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 13 protein - coding genes) and a control region, which was also called A + T - rich region, with the length of 15 259 hp ( GenBank accession: ON729301). The content of A, T, G, and C in the whole genome of A. chela was 39. 9%, 40. 6%, 7. 8% and 11. 7%, respectively, which showed obvious AT bias. The most frequently used relative synonymous codon of the 13 protein - coding genes was UUA, which has an RSCU value of 5. 08. The secondary structures of all tRNAs were of typical cloverleaf structure, except trnSl whose dihydrouracil arm ( DHU arm) was missing. The mitochondrial genome characteristics of A. chela was consistent with most butterflies currently known. The two phylogenetic trees both showed that: Riodinids were sister group to lycaenids. [Conclusion] Support for five - subject taxonomies and the results support for the classification of riodinids and lycaenid as subfamilies into Lycaenidae. Approval the point of view that Abisara fylla and Abisara fylloides are included in Nemeobiinae, and phylogenetic analysis showed that A. chela still belongs to Abisarini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the genetic diversity and population structure of different geographical populations of Triplophysa lixianensi in Lixian county, and to further utilize the genetic germplasm resources of T. lixianensi in Lixian county so as to protect its wild population, the population structure of T. lixianensi in the Yangtze River Basin was investigated in the present study. [ Method] In the study, length composition, body weight composition, length-weight relationships and genetic structure variation of 117 T. lixianensis in four regions of Dadu River were analyzed, and the genetic diversity analysis was performed using D-loop control region of mitochondrial DNA. [Result] The regression equation of body weight and body length was y = 0. 0123x2.9734. The b value was 2. 9734 which was close to 3, indicating that the current growth state was acceptable. A total of 32 variable sites and 28 haplotypes were identified in 878 base pairs of 117 individuals. There was no shared haplotypes among the individuals from four regions. The haplotype diversity of four populations ranged from 0. 637 to 0. 921, and the nucleotide polymorphisms of four populations ranged from 0. 000 91 to 0. 005 70. There was no genetic differentiation between Jinchuan population and Danba population, Luding population and Shimen population, but there was significant genetic differentiation between Luding population and Jinchuan population or Danba population, and between Shimian population and Jinchuan population or Danba population. By constructing the NJ tree, we found that 117 individuals of T. lixianensis formed two independent branches in the evolutionary tree, which was consistent with the genetic distance results of each geographical population. [Conclusion] We suggest that Jinchuan and Danba populations of Dadu River should be managed and protected as a whole protection unit, and that Shimian and Luding populations should also be managed and protected as a whole, while Jinchuan and Danba populations, Shimian and Luding populations should be managed and protected separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the species of parasitic ticks on the surface of yaks in Luhuo county, Sichuan province, and the infection status of Rickettsia (SFGR) and invisible ticks.【Method】Ticks were collected from the surface of yaks in six villages in Luhuo county. After preliminary morphological identification, tick genomic DNA was extracted. PCR technology was used to amplify partial fragments of tick ITS-2, SFGR OmpB, and amorphous 16S rRNA genes. The positive products were sequenced, compared, and an evolutionary tree was constructed to determine the species of ticks and their infection status with SFGR and anaplasma.【Result】A total of 820 adult ticks were collected with only Haemaphysalis qinghaiensisus (29/820) and Rhipicephalus microplus (791/820) found. Rickettsia spp. were detected in all six villages and total infection rate was 49.8% (408/820) with only Candidatus R. longicornii detected. The infection rates of SFGR in six villages were statistically significant (χ² = 111.524, P = 0.000 ＜ 0.01). The infection rates of SFGR in H. qinghaiensisus and R. microplus were 44.8% (13/29) and 49.9% (395/791), respectively with no significant differences (χ² = 0.292, P = 0.589 ＞ 0.5). Anaplasma spp. (including A. bovis, A. marginale, A. platys, and A. phagocytophilum) were detected in five villages, with a total infection rate of 30.9% (253/820). The infection rates of Anaplasma in five villages were statistically significant (χ² = 139.825, P = 0.000 ＜ 0.01). Also, the infection rates of Anaplasma between H. qinghaiensisus and R. microplus were statistically significant (χ² = 8.087, P = 0.004 ＜ 0.01). Co-infection of SFGR and Anaplasma was observed with the infection rate of 18.8% (154/820).【Conclusion】There are Qinghai blood tick and micro fanhead tick in Luhuo county, which also carry SFGR and various intangible organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of local tick borne spotted fever group rickettsia and intangible organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the effects of slope orientation on the growth of and understory plant diversity of Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis plantation forests. [ Method] The 8 year-old Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis plantation forest in Shuangjiang county, Lincang city, Yunnan province was used as the research object. Four slope directions (sunny, semi-sunny, shady and semi-shady) were set up, with three sampling plots for each direction. The stand mean diameter at breast height ( DBH), stand mean height ( STH), stand volume per unit area, standing timber volume per plant and understory plant diversity ( Margalef index, Simpson index, Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index) were studied by the sample plot survey method. [ Result] Slope orientation had a significant effect on the mean stand diameter at breast height (P = 0. 000), mean stand height ( P = 0. 000), stand volume per unit area ( P = 0. 001) and standing timber volume per unit area ( P = 005) in Eucalyptus urophylla XE. grandis plantation forests, and the growth indexes on the sunny slopes were more than those on the shady slopes, with the half-sunny slopes and the semi-shady slopes as the transition group. There were 40 species of shrubs in the understory of Eucalyptus urophylla X E. grandis plantation forests in all four slope directions, belonging to 23 families and 36 genera, and 30 species of herbaceous plants, belonging to 16 families and 28 genera; Among the four slope directions, the number of understory species on the semi-yin slopes was the highest. The Margalef index ( P = 0. 013), Simpson index ( P = 0. 047) and Pielou index (P =0. 029) of the shrub layer plants in the understory of Eucalyptus urophylla xE. grandis plantation forests were all significantly different among slope directions, but the Shannon-wiener index (P = 0. 127) did not differ significantly among slope directions; The Margalef index and Simpson index ( P = 0. 047) of shrub layer plants on the sunny slopes were all significantly different among slope directions. Margalef index and Simpson index were significantly larger than those on the shaded slopes, and Pielou index was significantly larger than those on the shaded slopes. The maximum values of Margalef index, Simpson index, Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index of herbaceous layer plants in the understory of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis plantation forests all appeared in the shady slopes, and the minimum values were in the sunny slopes; The maximum values of Margalef index ( P = 0. 013), Simpson index ( P = 0. 036), and Shannon-wiener index ( P = 0. 035) of herbaceous plants were in the shady slopes. Shannon-wiener index ( P = 0. 035) were all significantly different between slope directions, and all were significantly greater on shady slopes than on sunny slopes; The Pielou index of herbaceous plants was not significantly different between slope directions (P =0. 114 ). [Conclusion] Among the four slope directions, the number of understory species was the highest on semi-shaded slopes, and the sunny slopes were more favorable to the growth of trees and the survival of shrubs, while the shaded slopes were more favorable to the survival of herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the expression pattern and function of two candidate lncRNAs ( lncRNA TCONS-72171 and lncRNA TCONS-62349) in bovine manunary epithelial cell with inflammation. [ Method] In the study, gene cloning and sequencing techniques were used to verify the authenticity of lncRNAs. Then, we performed sequence homology, subcellular localization, target gene prediction and KEGG functional annotation analysis. In addition, an inflanunatory response in bovine mammary epithelial cells was challenged with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS); RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of the above two candidate lncRNAs in bovine mammary epithelial cells at 0, 3, 6 and 12 hours of LPS induction. [Result] The bovine lncRNA TCONS-72717 and lncRNA TCONS-62349 were authentic and highly conserved among some species. The expression of the above two lncRNAs were highly significantly up-regulated in LPS-induced bovine manunary epithelial cells ( P < 0. 01). LncRNA TCONS-72717 and lncRNA TCONS-62349 were mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively. The results of target gene prediction and KEGG functional annotation showed that the potential target genes ( LCP2, ALOX12 and ASGRJ, etc. ) of the above two lncRNAs might play a role in regulating cellular inflammation through inflammation-related signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT, NF-KB and MAPK. [Conclusion] The up-regulated lncRNA TCONS-72171 and lncRNA TCONS-62349 may play an important regulatory role in bovine manunary epithelial cells with LPS-induced inflammation, and the results may lay the foundation for an in-depth study of the molecular regulatory mechanism of dairy cow mastitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to comprehensively and systematically study organic matter in arable soil as well as pH spatial distribution in the entire region of Guizhou, rationally plan and exploit cultivated land, and provide support for food security. [Method] Statistical analysis and ArcGIS space interpolation method were combined to analyze the spatial distribution of organic matter and pH in cultivated soil under the traditional cultivation pattern in Guizhou, and to study the influencing factors. [Result] The spatial distribution of soil organic matter content in cultivated land was uneven, with average content of 31. 13 g/kg, but the organic matter in cultivated land of Guizhou stayed abundant in general, and the content in each region showed as Liupanshui ( 52. 39 g/kg) > Guiyang ( 36. 01 g/kg) > Qianxinan (34. 02 g/kg) > Bijie(33. 89 g/kg) > Qiannan(32. 97 g/kg) > Anshun(31. 28 g/kg) > Qiandongnan(29. 92 g/kg) > Zunyi(25. 59 g/ kg) > Tongren(23. 01 g/kg). The pH of arable soil in Guizhou were 3. 99 - 8. 66, with the average value of 6. 06, and 90. 55% of the arable soils were dominantly acidic, weak acidic and neutral, accounting for 29. 48%, 38. 11 % and 22. 96% respectively. In the study area, the soil types display yellow-brown soil had the highest organic matter content and red soil had the lowest organic matter content The organic matter content with different soil utilization types was paddy field > irrigated land > dry land, while the pH showed as irrigated land > paddy field > dry land. [ Conclusion] The spatial distribution of organic matter content in arable soil of Guizhou province is uneven because of terrain, elevation and other influence factors, but the overall content stayed abundant. The spatial distribution of organic matter demonstrated as high in the west and south, low in the east and north. The pH of the provincial arable soil is mainly acidic or weak acidic, and its spatial distribution appeared uneven, showing a macro pattern of high in the west and north, low in the east and south. Soil type has a significant influence on pH of the soil, while it has insignificant impact on soil organic matter. Land utilizing type has extremely significant effect on both soil organic matter and pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of soil physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities in different micro-topography and their differences, and to explore the interrelationship between them, which can provide a theoretical basis for the study of alluvial fan development mechanism, ecological restoration and agricultural production in the eastern part of the Helan Mountain. [Method] The physical and chemical properties of soil and soil enzyme activity were analyzed in different micro-topography ( alluvial terrace, high diffuse beach, slotted beach and gully bed) and soil depth ( 0 - 20, 20 - 40 cm) based on field survey sampling and laboratory analysis, and the relationship between soil enzyme activity and soil physical and chemical properties was investigated by using geographic probe combined with exemplary ranking method. The relationship between soil enzyme activity and soil physicochemical properties was investigated using a geodetector combined with the canonical ranking method. [ Result] In different micro-topography, the contents of soil gravel, organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen showed that alluvial terrace > alluvial terrace > trough terrace > furrow bed, and the contents of fast-acting phosphorus and fast-acting potassium showed that alluvial terrace > trough terrace > furrow bed, and the contents of each element decreased with the increase of soil thickness; The differences of soil pH, total phosphorus and total potassium were not significant in different micro-topography; Soil enzyme activities in different micro-topography showed that Alkaline phosphatase and urease activities were the highest in alluvial terraces and the lowest in gully beds, while catalase and peroxidase activities were the highest in gully beds and the lowest in alluvial terraces. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, urease and peroxidase decreased with the increase of soil thickness, and the activities of peroxidase increased with the increase of soil thickness. The results of geodetecting showed that the spatial variation of soil enzyme activities in different micro-topography in the study area was the result of the joint action of various soil physicochemical properties, and different factors had different degrees of influence on soil enzyme activities. Further redundancy analysis showed that total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, soil gravel content and fast-acting potassium were the main indicators influencing the variation of soil enzyme activity in the alluvial fan area of the eastern Helan Mountains, with the following order of importance: Total nitrogen > alkaline nitrogen > soil gravel content > fast-acting potassium. [Conclusion] The distribution of soil enzyme activity in the alluvial fan area of the eastern Helan Mountain varies significantly between different micro-topographic soils, and the effect of each soil physical and chemical property on soil enzyme activity varies, revealing the complexity of the relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity and the diversity of factors affecting the variation of enzyme activity spatial distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effect of biocontrol agents with dazomet on soil microbial community structure and basic physicochemical properties in order to pave a way for good management in Panax notoginseng cultivation. [Method] A randomized group experiment was designed with edaphic condition (fumigation) and treatment (biocontrol agents) as the two treatment factors. The basic physicochemical properties of the soil were detected and the effect of different treatment factors on the structure of the soil microbial community was analyzed using high throughput sequencing techniques to determine the association between the main physicochemical properties of the soil and the bacterial community. [Result] Soil fumigation increased the abundance of the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Bacteroidota in the bacterial community, at the same time reduced the abundance of the Gemmatimonadota and Acidobacteriota. The Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phylum with the highest abundance in all treatment groups. The soil pH after fumigation significantly decreased compared to that of non-fumigated soil. The bacterial alpha diversity index increased more significantly in the non-fumigated soil added biocontrol agents group, whereas the addition of biofungicide after fumigation reduced fungal alpha diversity. The pH and available nitrogen levels were significantly lower in fumigated sites than in non-fumigated sites under the same treatments, while the addition of biofumigants reduced soil available phosphorus and potassium under the same soil conditions. The pH and available nitrogen levels were significantly lower in fumigated sites than in non-fumigated sites under the same treatments, while the addition of biofumigants reduced soil available phosphorus and potassium under the same soil conditions. Available nitrogen and pH contributed to the strongest correlation with microbial community structure. The addition of biocontrol agents effectively reduced the abundance of Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, Altemaria and Plectosphaerella and increased the abundance of beneficial genera such as Pseudomonas, Lysobacter and Burkholderia. The addition of biocontrol agents under the same soil conditions significantly reduced the abundance of Moritierella, Fuarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium which were dominant genera in the fumigated sites. [Conclusion] Non-fumigated land applying biocontrol agents could improve soil acidification during P. notoginseng cultivation. The effect of the biocontrol agents on the alteration of microbial diversity was inconsistent under different soil conditions. Overall, the application of biocontrol agents could improve the microbial community structure of the soil in P. notoginseng cultivation sites and provide an effective method for the prevention and control of P. notoginseng root rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[ Objective] The purpose of the paper aimed to explore the diversity and variation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the root system and rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera which were affected by varying degrees of root rot in Dehong prefecture. [ Method] The level of AMF colonization within the root system of C. oleifera and the spore density presented in the rhizosphere soil were assessed by staining and wet screening precipitation methods, respectively. The diversity and community structure of AMF presented in both the root system and rhizosphere soil of C. oleifera were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. [ Result] As the disease severity increased, there was a gradual decrease in both the colonization rate and spore density of AMF, indicating a negative correlation between disease severity and AMF abundance. Based on the high-throughput sequencing results, a total of203 AMF-OTUs were detected in the C. oleifera root and rhizosphere soil samples. These OTUs were classified into 1 phylum, 1 class, 4 orders, 7 families and 5 genera( norank and unclassified AMF at the genus level as ' Others' ). The composition and distribution of AMF genera in both C. oleifera roots and rhizosphere soil exhibited variations across different disease levels. In the root system, the number of OTUs as well as the Ace and Chao indices were higher in C. oleifera samples with mild disease compared to those with severe disease, and the Shannon index demonstrated a decreasing pattern with the disease aggravation ( HR0 > DRl > DR2 > DR3 > DR4). In the rhizosphere soil, there was a gradual reduction in the number of OTUs as the disease severity increased ( HSO > DSl > DS2 > DS3 > OS4). Samples of C. oleifera with mild disease exhibited a higher Ace index and Chao index than those with more severe disease, while the Shannon index remained relatively stable across different disease severity levels. Principal component analysis ( PCA) revealed shifts in the community structure of AMF in C. oleifera across various disease levels. The community structure tended to become more uniform as the disease progressed, which was notably distinct from the community structure observed in healthy C. oleifera plants. There were correlations between AMF evenness, spore density, and colonization rate with soil physical and chemical properties. However, soil physical and chemical properties did not have a significant impact on spore richness and diversity index. [ Conclusion] The AMF community in the roots and rhizosphere soil of diseased C. oleifera had the following characteristics : the colonization rate and diversity of AMF within the root system of diseased C. oleifera decreased, and the spore density of AMF within the inter-root soil also decreased. Additionally, the AMF community structure in both the root system and the inter-root soil underwent alterations. The study lays a theoretical foundation for screening AMF fungicides with antagonistic effects against C. oleifera diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to further study the causes of calf blindness aud provide theoretical support for reducing the incidence of congenital blindness of calves aud reducing the economic losses of the breeding industry. [ Method] A cattle farm was selected in Ningxia, whose birth date was close to that of blind calves aud their mothers, aud normal calves. Blood and plasma samples were collected. Through metabonomic aualysis, the differential metabolites and pathway changes between blind calves and their mothers, aud normal calves were studied. [Result] The VIP value of OPLS-DA > 1 and the univariate statistical aualysis P < 0. 05 were used as the criteria for significautly different metabolites. A total of 256 different metabolites were screened from the comparison group of blind calves and normal calves ( V aS. vs. VaL), including 144 in the positive ion mode and 112 in the negative ion mode. A total of 177 different metabolites were screened from the comparison group between the blind calf aud its mother ( VaS. vs. CS), including 108 in the positive ion mode aud 69 in the negative ion mode. The content of rhodopsin in the blind calf was significantly lower than that of its mother, with log2 FC reaching - 2. 87. Compared with its mother, there were 30 differential metabolic pathways with P < 0. 05 in total in blind calves, and 10 differential metabolic pathways with corrected P < 0. 05 in total. Among them, bile secretion metabolic pathway had the largest distribution of differential metabolites. Compared with its mother, 4 metabolites in blind calves were significantly up-regulated, and 9 metabolites were significantly down-regulated. Compared with normal calves, there were 12 differential metabolic pathways with P <0. 05 in total in blind calves, and 16 differential metabolic pathways with corrected P < 0. 05 in total. Among them, bile secretion metabolic pathway distributed the most differential metabolites. Compared with normal calves, there were 5 metabolites significantly up-regulated and 4 metabolites significantly down-regulated in blind calves. [ Conclusion] The bile secretion metabolic pathway of blind calves is significantly different from that of their mothers and normal calves. The research suggests that the blindness of calves may be a disease of the body living in the liver, affecting the normal secretion of bile, leading to that the normal intake of fat-soluble vitamin A can not be absorbed and utilized, and thus affecting the vision of calves. In addition, compared with their mothers, the content of rhodopsin, which affects the cascade reaction of light transduction, is significantly down-regulated under the condition that there is no significant difference in vitamin A levels in the body of blind calves. The study suggests that the mutation of rhodopsin gene (RHO) encoding rhodopsin protein and the lack of rhodopsin protein might be another reason for their blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effects of cadmium pollution on soil bacterial structure and diversity in riparian wetlands of mountain reservoir, and to find out the cadmium-resistant bacteria which were beneficial to the remediation of cadmium pollution. [ Method] The high throughput sequencing method of Illumina Miseq was used to analyze the effects of cadmium stress on bacterial community and diversity in rhizosphere soils of Taxodium distichum planting in riparian wetlands of Changtan reservoir, Zhejiang province. The concentrations of cadmium were set at 0, 100, 400 mg/kg, respectively, and were marked as Cd0, CdlO0, Cd400, correspondingly. [Result] The cadmium stress could cause changes in both bacterial diversity and community structure. There were 34 phyla, 96 classes, 202 orders, 313 families, and 502 genera in the rhizosphere soil of T. distichum planting in riparian wetlands of Changtan reservoir under different gradients of cadmium pollution. Low cadmium stress might raise the Chaol index and Shannon index of soil bacterial community and high cadmium stress might reduce the Chaol index and Shannon index of soil bacterial community. With the increase of Cd stress, the relative abundance of Actinobacteri and Planctomyces in the soil of riparian wetland showed a downward trend all the time, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes were on the increase all the time. The relative abundance of soil Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria decreased first and then increased. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Rokubacteria, Errucomicrobia, Nitrospirae and Firrnicutes in soil increased first and then decreased. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Patescibacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant groups in high Cd concentration stress. With the increase of Cd stress, the relative abundance of Pseudarthrobacter, Muciaginibacter and Rhodopseudomonas in the soil of riparian wetland showed a downward trend all the time, while the relative abundance of Flavobacterium was on the increase all the time. The relative abundance of soil Rhodanobacter decreased first and then increased. The relative abundances of Sphingomonas in soil increased first and then decreased. This indicated that low cadmium stress might stimulate the growth and eproduction of cadmium-sensitive bacteria, which made the community structure more complex. High concentration of cadmium significantly inhibited bacteria, resulting in the extinction of some species and the decrease of diversity. High cadmium pollution could induce cadmium-resistant bacteria such as Rhodanobacter to become dominant groups, and the community structure tended to be stable and single. The bacterial community structure had obvious response characteristics to different cadmium pollution stresses and could be used as a sensitive index for soil quality evaluation of cadmium contaminated wetlands. [ Conclusion]There are a large number of Rhodanobacter,Gemmatimonadaceae-unclassified,Massilia,Candidate-Adlerbacteria-unclassified, Chitinophagaceae-unclassified, Alphaproteobacteria-unclassified, Flavobacterium and Duganella in the Cd400 group, which can be used as a reference for microbial remediation of cadmium contaminated riparian wetland of montain reservoir in southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the paper is to explore the impact of biochar on the population structure, diversity and ecological function of fungi in long-term rhizosphere soil and provide insights for improving the microecological environment of tobacco rhizosphere soil and biochar application in tobacco planting soils. [ Method] In the study,' Honghuadajinyuan' tobacco was utilized as the test material. Under the premise of reducing the fertilizer amount by 10%, 250 g/plant ( A1 ), 300 g/plant ( A2) and 350 g/plant ( A3) of bio-carbon fertilizer were applied, with conventional fertilizer used as the control. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to determine the rhizosphere soil microorganisms of tobacco plants subjected to these different treatments. [ Result] The application of biochar fertilizer had a significant impact on soil c, diversity and population structure, with A3 treatment demonstrating the highest fungal diversity and abundance among all soil samples. At the phylum level, there was a negative correlation between the relative abundance of Ascomycota and the amount of biochar fertilizer applied, while the relative abundance of Basidiomycota exhibited a positive correlation with the quantity of biochar fertilizer application, both of which were the primary dominant bacteria fungi in each treatment. At the genus level, the application of biochar fertilizer led to a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Penicillium, Cladophialophora, and Clonostachys, while significantly increased the relative abundance of Fusarium, Saitozyma, Conocybe. Addtionally, using FUN Guild for fungal function prediction, it was observed that the functional types of rhizosphere soil fungi in each sample were primarily saprophytic and saprophytic-symbiotic. Furthermore, the relative abundance of plant pathogen in soil samples with biochar fertilizer was lower compared to the control group. [ Conclusion] The study shows that the A3 treatment improves the fungal community structure in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants, which is more conducive to maintaining the balance of soil ecosystem and restoring soil quality. It can provide technical reference for rational application of biochar fertilizer in tobacco planting areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]