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This article presents news including foreign trade bill that was discussed during United States President John F. Kennedy's State of the Union address, other factors discussed in Kennedy's address, which reflects his 1961 pattern of relations with the U.S. Congress, and several hundred journalists in Los Angeles, California, who lost their newspaper jobs when two downtown papers went out of business.

Presents several letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Response to the political conditions in Mexico criticizing the stand of the journal for armed intervention for Mexico's redemption; Response to the article "Beclouding the Minimum Wage," by Professor Taussig in the July 22, 1916 issue citing the impact of the minimum wage on the number of people for employment; Response to the article "The Feminist's Age," by Hester A. Hopkins in the July 22 issue regarding the relationship between feminism and chivalry;.

Reports on several socio-political and economic developments in the United States. Report that an estimated drop of more than $200,000,000 in the income tax receipts for the first quarter of the year 1931, coupled with the prospect of a Treasury deficit amounting to more than $700,000,000, remind Americans of the surpassing wisdom of the greatest Secretary of the Treasury; View that the United States had no large surplus to cushion the drop into depression, and taxes will have to be increased at the very time when the resistance to increase will be the most heartfelt; Report that the estimate of the Census Bureau that in January 1931 there were 6,050,000 unemployed, and 300,000 laid off, will be no surprise to those who have followed the more reliable statistics carefully enough to take no stock in the statements of the official optimists; Report that the papers have been full of statements by the optimists as a result of tiny seasonal gain in employment and production in February; Report that while New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt has hesitated, presumably recognizing the presence of corruption, but reluctant to jeopardize his own presidential ambitions by breaking with Tammany, underground politics have worked successfully in the state assembly; Views of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ on birth control; Report that the Federal Farm Board, now approaching the end of the funds allotted to it for stabilization, has been forced to announce that it will not buy any of the new crop; Information on a new project for a chain of movie houses in all parts of the country.

Focuses on the merger that led to the death of a great daily entitled "The New York World." Sale of the "New York World" holdings to the Scripps-Howard syndicate; Measures taken by New York City editor James W. Barrett to fight against the sell of the daily; Account of the fact that end of this tradition seemed far to outweigh the possibility that many of these men working in the daily, and the families they supported, would soon go hungry.

Discusses the economic conditions and economic policies in Great Britain. Acceptance of the government that one of its primary aims is the responsibility for the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment after the Second World War; Aim of the government to prevent the total expenditure for goods and services from falling when general unemployment appears; Intention of the government to plan the programs for capital expenditure five years ahead; Information on creation of consumer credits; Recognition by the government that many policies are fruitless unless wages and prices remain stable.

Presents information on the Pabst Postwar Employment Awards, which encourages unknown genius to come forward with an original and epoch-making idea. Claim that the donors have a right, to feel cheated by the so-called "plan" which won the first prize of $25,000; Information that the suggestions in the plan can be heard almost any day on the floor of Congress, at business conventions or in newspaper editorial rooms; Questioning of the wisdom of placing an arbitrary limit of one year after hostilities cease regulation of prices and distribution by the Office of Price Administration and the War Planning Board controls; need for them disappears, but not before. Disliking of the suggestion that all war plants except those needed for military purposes be sold promptly to the highest bidder; Stress laid on clear definition of the fields of business and government.

Presents information on the old-fashioned Americanism campaign in the U.S. Expression of an opinion without fear of losing job, citizenship and business; Information on the un-Americanism of the Federalist Party in 1798 which express itself in the U.S. to frighten millions of American citizens; Information on the violation of the spirit of First Amendment; Situation of the foreign-born labor leaders in the U.S.; Description of objectives of Freedom League to expose businessmen who employ economic coercion to control the political activity of employees.

Presents an update on the economic conditions in the U.S. Status of the measures proposed by U.S. President Harry S. Truman related to reconservation and security to the U.S. Congress; Effect of wage reduction of industry workers on the purchasing power of the country; Speculations of strikes and lockouts following wage reductions; Conclusions regarding the state of employment in the U.S.; Discussion on the meaning of unemployment and full employment; Estimates on the number of surplus workers that will be made to leave their jobs; Obstacles associated with the issue of postwar reemployment.

Examines how the battle over the full-employment bill will indicate the general lines of division in the United States Congress in domestic affairs. Pattern in the debates and voting on such issues as unemployment compensation, minimum wages, social security and housing; Liberal non-partisan support enjoyed by the bill; Observation that opponents of the bill are principally concerned about the right to employment and the federal government's responsibility for assuring full employment; Belief by the bill's opponents that the bill considers chronic unemployment inevitable in the post-World War II period.

Focuses on political developments in the world with emphasis on political condition in the U.S. Announcement by U.S. President Harry S. Truman that his country will not seek monetary payment for Lend-Lease deficits on the books; Effects of the sudden and unilateral termination of Land-Lease agreement by President Truman; Need for cooperation between Great Britain and the U.S. for future expansion of world trade; Details of democratic election scenario in Japan; Views of James C. Dunn, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for European, African and Near and Far Eastern Affairs on former African colonies of Italy; Issues related to the passage of the Murray-Patman full-employment bill; Criticism of the political regimes, which under the Soviet auspices have come to power in the Balkans; Comments by W. Stuart Symington, chairman of the Surplus Property Board, on limiting provisions of the Surplus Property Act; Views of Republicans and Southern Democrats on the Kilgore unemployment bill; Strike and lockout by newspapers "Post Dispatch," "Star-Times" and "Globe-Democrat" in Saint Louis; Suspension of loyal employees of these newspapers without pay until publication resumed.

Presents overviews of progress in the southern states, particularly in Louisiana and Texas, as they prepare for peacetime. Conflicting sentiments over the growing bustle and population in the city of New Orleans; Issue of integrating and employing Negroes migrating into the city; Sentiment among the residents of Houston that there is great industrial opportunity ahead; Weakness of organized labor there; Merchandising in Dallas; Unionization in the textile field; Political problems in the South arising from the gap between the wages of agricultural workers and city workers; Problem of freight-rate differentials and the tariffs in Texas and the South.

Focuses on the slave nature of the work that is to be done by subjugated people. Report that members of the inferior race became the first mechanical tools in the service of a growing Kultur. Employment of laborers from neighboring countries for seasonal agricultural work; Adoption of compulsory and permanent duty by alien workers in Germany; Scarcity of labor in Germany; Discussion on conditions of work and pay of the prisoners of War in Germany.

Comments on the international political and socio-economic issues. Constraint migration of the German Jews into a huge concentration camps; Revision of the Neutrality Act; Mission statement of the New Western Front organization; Employment trends in California; Code of ethics of the radio broadcasting services; Approval of winter leave to Italian soldiers and officers following France's discontinuance of war restrictions along the Italian-French border.

Focuses on steps taken in the U.S. to solve the problem of poverty. Description of reasons for poverty in the country; Details of the anti-poverty programs in the U.S.; Comment on the involvement of the U.S. government in anti-poverty programs; Impact of poverty on the economic conditions of the country; Comment that despite the shortage of labor, employers are still reluctant to take those with no job skill; Information that the U.S. Congress has authorized close to $800 million for programs involving direct employment of the poor.

Provides information on Washington, D. C. as a lost colony still surviving on the American continent. Discussion on the population of the state and its apartheid residential pattern; Percentage of middle-class African Americans residing in abject poverty and total deprivation in the state, according to a report released by the National Capital Planning Commission in April 1966; Failure of the United Planning Organization, a local anti-poverty agency, to find more jobs and better housing for poor people; Benefits and advantages of foreign politicians, entrepreneur and governors-in-residence in the state, such as low taxes, services for themselves, franchises, and contracts; Contribution and influence of Congressman John L. McMillan, chairman of the House Committee in the District of Columbia, on the economic and political system of the state.

Presents a proposal to achieve full employment in the United States without inflation. Impact of the war in Vietnam on the United States economy; Factors contributing to the current economic condition; Ways to curb inflation; Call for integration of government activities related to the economy; Overview of spending on welfare programs by the government.

Focuses on efforts of talent Corp. for education in the United States. Report on the organization formed by reformist to train middle-class ladies for employment in the U.S., Talent Corps. Benefits of the Talent Corp. programs to poor people; Information on other groups involved in social reform; Training programs included by the organization; Efforts of new careers theorists to touch on a good many absurdities in the organization of American life; Failure of the new careers programs; Information on crisis in public services in cities of the United States; Demand of rising teachers' unions and professional groups for more control over entry and promotions; Introduction of new careers programs with a constituency; Views of the author that in schools as in on her agencies, the quality of the experience depended on the supervision.

Presents U.S. automobile manufacturer Henry Ford as savior of U.S. at the time of financial crises. Selling of cars without profit to save the nation; Increase in the job production; Employment of younger men at lower wages; Cutting of wages by the Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Co.; Manufacture of few Ford parts by outside firms; Focus on statements of Ford Motor Co.; Exaggeration of Ford's employment figures; Anathema to workers of Ford's Rouge plant; Pressure of work on production workers; Statistics of daily shift production; Focus on the open section in the said plant.

Comments on political, socio-economic, and global issues. Criticism of some economists on the small appropriations for public works which was sanctioned by U.S. President Herbert Hoover; Prediction on the future of industry and employment; Move of farmers to march into town with guns on their hips and demanded food in England, Arkansas; Death of eight American Marines in Nicaragua.

The article talks about the unemployment-insurance bill in Germany that resounded in 1927 to the ears of the commentators. Experts analyzed that the measure, which was wisely decided on to ensure that some 18 million wage earners from involuntary loss of employment, should not be launched until Germany had worked her way out of the depression resultant upon the stabilization of the currency of the country. Furthermore, critics say that the law is an imitation of the British measure.

Presents information about several developments around the world. Information about the post-war negotiations in Europe; Efforts of Prime Minister Koki Hirota to form a new Cabinet in Japan; Comments on U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's new tax policy; Information about the employment and earning in manufacturing industries; Results of an investigation into the lobbying against the Wheeler-Rayburn Bill in the last session of the U.S. Congress.

Focuses on various socio-political developments from around the world. Aspects of the liquor problem which presents the irrepressible conflict between desire for profit on the part of the seller and the welfare of the community; Discusses the U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt's monetary policy to overcome national crisis; Information on new series of trials in the Scottsboro case on a question of justice to Negroes charged with a serious crime; Announcement of different job-producing programs by German dictator Adolf Hitler during the ten months of his Chancellorship.

Focuses on the socio-political updates related to the U.S. Information on coal code that represent a compromise on nearly every important detail except the insistence on genuine collective bargaining; Reports that wages are so low, the hours so long, that they hold out little substantial hope of additional employment; Abandonment of the plan to have wages which are already higher than the minimum increased; Discussion on the policy of independent and aggressive trade unionism; Importance of Austro-German conflict; Lynching of three Negroes near Tuscaloosa, Alabama; Publication of a biography of Andrew W. Mellon, by Harvey O'Connor.

Presents the social condition of striking workers of the United Electrical Workers' Union in Bloomfield in New Jersey. Need of food for the striking workers; Information on the help provided by the union's food-procurement committee; Efforts made by the union to get donations for the help; Information on the poor housing and sanitary conditions; Description of the lack of education for the children; Demand of the employment compensation by the striking workers.

Focuses on the full-time employment bill of the U.S. Aim of the bill for the socialization of the U.S. economy; Proposal regarding the estimation of the working force, expenditures of private business, consumers and the various levels of government will be sufficient to provide jobs for all in advance for the coming year; Statement that is governmental spending the only means proposed to make sure that there are enough jobs; Effect of the increased expenditure on the employment opportunity; Discussion of the procedure specified in the bill; Impact of the increased expenditure on prices and inflation; Information on how the employment budget is prepared; Description of the basic economic concept on which this bill rests; Discussion of the main function of the full-employment bill; Report that will enactment of the bill guarantee the existence of full employment in the future.

Comments on the amendments in the Seamen's Law at the London Conference on Safety at Sea by the British government against the backdrop of the sinking of the ship "Titanic." Constituents of the Seamen's Law in connection with the shipping industry; Theory from which the Seamen's Law was drawn; Complaints by authorities of American vessels in the trans-Pacific trade against the amended Seamen's Law which makes the language test mandatory as it requires more than seventy-five percent staff on board to understand "any orders" given by their superiors; Opinion on the calls for the employment of a stated proportion of able seamen in a deck crew.

Outlines strategies for attaining full employment and full production during the postwar period. Estimated employment target and desirable value of total product by 1950; Computations for income and spending under a trial budget for the national economy; Ideal of letting private enterprise expand enough to fill the gap caused by the cessation of governmental war spending; Technical possibility for a steady increase in wages and reduction of prices; Unrealistic expectation that private industry will consent to the abolition of all monopolistic practices that tend to hold up prices.

Focuses on the introduction of a bill to create a Missouri Valley Authority (MVA) by U.S. Senator James E. Murray. Importance of the bill in healing the problem of drought and flood; Destruction caused by the Missouri River and its tributaries; Information on the utility of this project; Similarities between the work of the MVA and Tennessee Valley Authority; Information on the creation of jobs and wealth by the MVA project.

Discusses the problem of illiteracy and the manpower crisis in the U.S. during the World War II. Improvement in the educational level of selectees in the World War II as compared with draftees in World War I; Examination of the census of 1940; Focus on a camp devoted to preparing skilled technicians; Discussion about the importance of education in the army and industries; Difficulty in placing illiterates by the U.S. Employment Service; Information that war industries are finding increasing difficulty in employment.

Focuses on the social and economic conditions of African Americans. Comments of George S. Schuyler, on the problem of racism; Feature of American life that has caused the manifestation of an African American group consciousness and provided the economic basis for a feeling of solidarity among its members; Causes of the lack of employment of Negroes in defense industry; Efforts to mollify the natural resentment of African Americans; Feelings among African Americans that the American people should expend some of their crusading zeal within the borders of the U.S.

Focuses on the industrial expansion program in the U.S. Information two schools of economic thoughts: Keynesian economics and the theory of monopolistic competition, discovered by the economists Apostle Chamberlin and Joan Robinson; Demonstration by economist Louis Bean which shows that even if industrial activity expands as rapidly as the most optimistic can expect, 1940 will still find with two-thirds as many unemployed in cities as today; View that a concerted program of expansion is definitely laid out in advance by the major heavy industries, and underwritten by the government; View that the programs of expansion for each participating industry would need to cover not only the projected increase in production and employment, but also commitments as to wages and price changes; Statistical analysis of the United States Steel Corp.; View that economic planning need not mean regimentation either of producer or of consumer; Problems of the industrial expansion program; Report that the proposal for a concerted and balanced expansion of industrial activity under public leadership is one which many economists have been talking of for years; Reference to the book "Jobs for All"; Report that voices are beginning to speak out for forceful action by democracy now-not action by-and-by; View that the actual job of working out a balanced program of expansion, even for a few major industries, would be one of tremendous problems and infinite ramifications.

Criticizes the attacks made by FIGHT, a militant African American organization set up by Saul Alinsky, against Eastman Kodak Co. Highlights of the dispute between Kodak and FIGHT; Terms of the agreement between Kodak and FIGHT on the establishment of a special employment program; Reason why Kodak reneged on the agreement; Efforts of FIGHT to elevate its dispute with Kodak into a national issue.

Presents information on the first report of the United States Coal Commission regarding the anthracite industry. View that the anthracite industry exploits deposits occupying a small part of the state of Pennsylvania; Enunciation that the anthracite industry is affected by the public interest and should be subject to some sort of control; Reference to figures of the consumer's dollar; Notation that both wholesale and retail prices of stove coal have doubled in ten years; Revealment that mine costs have doubled since 1913 and labor costs have doubled on account of wage increases; Information on the study of miners earnings and employment.

This article presents the author's experience of his visit to the Soviet Union. I had a curious official contact with Russia. Every one of my 12,000 neighbors will have meat for dinner. Five or six hundred people here, in addition to this 12,000, are living either on relief and out of work or in the dread of loss of employment. Organized social sympathy feeds, houses and clothes the two or three hundred out of work and in actual need, not well, but decently. This comfort and luxury has created a standard of living in the American democracy far higher than Russia may hope for with all possible luck for a decade or two, which is no reflection on the Russians. They should not be scorned. But what I have been wondering, writing here on this porch in a comfortable, well-housed, well-fed country town, is how Emporia, taken as a fair sample of the American people, could get so excited about any threat or shock to our American economic and political experiment--that is, any shock actually short of revolution or invasion.

Presents information regarding the Work or Fight Order of Provost Marshal General Crowder targeted against the colored people of the south U.S. Provision of the order that every able-bodied male person between the draft ages, must be engaged in some necessary employment; Amendment in selective service act to include males up to forty-five years of age; Information that Cities and towns and rural communities passed compulsory labor ordinances and by this means met with partial success in keeping the population at its former work and sometimes at pre-war low wages.

The article discusses the efforts made by the Federal government of the United States to combat growing inflation. The federal government cannot handle the inflation itself without the cooperation of the citizens of the United States. There seems to be some divergence of view on potential of the inflationary forces now recognized to be working on the economy. In 1946, the Employment Act placed on the federal government a broad measure of responsibility for the country's economic well being, but the anticipated problem was not the problem of unemployment.

Discusses the condition of jobless people living in shantytowns or "hoovervilles" in the United States. Statement that the hoovervilles are in a separate nation, with separate codes, though the men who live in them are still subject to a sort of imperialist intervention; Reference to the presence of blocks and blocks of sacks along the river in New York; Description of the plight of people with no jobs and no house to live in; Description of the deportation raids made in a Brooklyn, New York, shacktown.

Focuses on the decline in the index of factory employment in the United States despite record business activity during the second half of the decade. Decline in the employment index in urban and rural industries since the fall of 1926 as a result of cyclical business depression and technical progress; Capacity of the business community to respond to rising wage rates; Appeal for an in-depth examination of financial institutions in the country.

Reflects on the prevailing psychology of Southern Californians that is a compound of iridescent people with snappy jazz bands and jolliest ways and the attitude of the elderly man from the Middle West who has retired with a little money and wants to spend his declining years where it is warm, and without working. Depiction of Southern California as an open-shop community with low wages, insecurity of employment and an oversupply of would-be workers who have drifted to the West Coast; Propaganda with the aid of photographs like quasi-nude chorus girls by Southern Californians to lure the well-to-do and rich as tourists or permanent residents and discourage the poor; Growth of vigilantism that seeped into Southern California from San Francisco and has left a mark on the state.

The article examines a decline in the population of the U.S. in 1930s. This downward trend of population affected industrialized communities. The causes of this trend are indicated. The benefits of this decline to the economy, particularly to the unemployment rate, are also stated. Moreover, this article offers a number of recommendations for addressing the trend.

Focuses on employment camps offered by Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the U.S. Social importance of CCC camps; Need of depressed youth to pass though these camps; Objectives of CCC camps to prevent the nation's male youth from becoming semi-criminal and to make possible conservation of work on large scale; Success of the camps in fighting unemployment; Impact of CCC camps in the economic, political and social advancement of the U.S.; Efforts made by the camps to deal with the problem of soil conservation; Responsibilities of Robert Fechner, head of CCC in the coordination with the U.S. War Department.

Focuses on issues related to economic recovery in the United States. Information on the publication of a business index by the newspaper "The New York Times"; Views of the Federal Reserve Board on the rise of the index; Information on the state of automobile and construction sectors; Unemployment relief and government measures as the possible factor for recovery; Report that the crop-restriction program has raised the prices of agricultural products; Information on increase in gross income from agriculture; View that the increase in employment was due partly to the reduction of hours, partly to the unemployment-relief and agricultural programs and partly to public-works expenditures; Questions related to the sufficiency of these measures for recovery.

Focuses on the security of citizens through social insurance in the U.S. Importance of social insurance; Types of insurance; Association between employment and insurance system.

Presents a comparison between the features of current and prior women magazines. Inclusion of sentimental fiction, essays, biographical sketches, short articles on literature, art, travel, poetry and music in the new magazines; Statement that there were fashion departments, departments of cookery, needlework, architecture, home decoration and beauty in each magazine whether old or new; View that virtually no discussions of public issues like politics, education, employment and so on occur in the magazines of either period; Reflection of the fact that no current women's magazines enlighten their readers in regard to the modern world of which they are a part.

Highlights several economic issues related to the United States as discussed by Chester Bowles in his book "Tomorrow Without Fear." Situation of housing and unemployment in the nation before the Second World War; Factors responsible for an increase in the income and standard of living of American citizens after the First World War; View that an increase in the industrial output but a decrease in the hourly earnings of workers led to a crash in the nation's economy; Economic loss that the country had to suffer due to the Great Depression; Support provided by persistent demand and the availability of money in resurrecting the nation's economy; Factors on which individual consumer and government spending depend.

Focuses on the effects of the end of war on the inter-mountain region of the United States. Decline of the war industry of Utah and adjacent states; People looking for work in nearly all trades; Decline of employment rate by 25 percent; Balance of dependence of the state on agriculture and mining; Colorado River-Great Basin project; Mining projects; Movement of people from the mountains to the valleys.

Determines whether the United States government needs to adopt a compensatory employment policy or an advance economic planning policy to cover the critical activities of the total economy. Advance budgeting involved in a compensatory policy; Promotion of the adoption of some program calculated to assure full-employment opportunity under whatever circumstances may exist; Opportunity to adopt a program of public improvements that will help to increase and stabilize the total spending for an indefinite future; Need for a means of stabilizing private investment on an expanding basis; Declaration of policy that expresses faith in private enterprise and an intention to favor it whenever possible.

Focuses on the election campaigns of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Prediction of the political prophets that Churchill would cast himself as the Olympian national leader; Discussion of attacks launched by the Prime Minster against his opponents; Statement that the Tories are in favor of abolishing war controls and restore free enterprise on the English and American model; Description of demands of the Labor Party that nationalize England's basic industries and retain controls as a means of maintaining employment and raising efficiency; Information on the local party organization; View of the officials that the Liberal candidates will split the Tory rather than the Labor vote.

Analyses the incidence of poverty in the U.S. Cases of needy highlighted by the press; Case of a fatherless boy of four who cannot walk without braces; Case of a widowed mother with ten children to support; Information that the sociological data gives proof that there is nothing casual or unique in these cases; Observation that a proportion of the children arriving at working age will be too feeble to hold regular employment.

Focuses on the fiscal program of chairman of Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Beardsley Ruml. Proposal for reduced taxation, balanced budget, public works made by Ruml in his program; Discussion of compensatory fiscal policy; Implications of Ruml's proposal to lower tax rates to a point where they will balance the budget at an agreed level of high employment; Views of Ruml on deficit spending.