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The article presents information on the book "Voyage of the Paper Canoe," by Nathaniel H. Bishop. The book focuses on a geographical journey of 2,500 miles, from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico, during the years 1874-5. To the world at large, it certainly seems of very little utility that a man should have pulled in a canoe from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico. But, in the first place, the use in cases of this sort is primarily self-regarding; and to say that a feat which tests, and therefore strengthens, the courage or skill of the person who sets himself the task is useless because it is useless to other persons, is quite beside the point.

The joint meeting of the American Philological Association and the Archaeological Institute of America, held December 28-31, 1908, at the University of Toronto, Ontario, was noteworthy in more ways than one. In the first place, the societies had never before met outside of the political boundaries of their country, and the acquaintance of their members with the Canadian universities had been very slight. The meeting did much to quicken mutual recognition and friendship between colleagues working along similar lines on either side of the national limes. Another noteworthy feature was the admission by the council to affiliation with the Archaeological Institute of America of five newly formed Canadian societies that give promise of much vigorous life. The papers presented before the societies were almost too numerous, but many of them were of high interest and importance.

In February 1950, the Vatican city announced that it had accepted with regret the resignation of Monsignor Joseph Charbonneau, Archbishop of Montreal, Quebec for reasons of health. Quebec has buzzed with rumor and speculation ever since. The comments of the English papers made Catholic spokesmen furious, since they implied that the future attitude of the church in Quebec would be anti-labor, a dangerous position. The Archbishop had come out boldly for the Catholic syndicates fighting the American Johns-Manville Co. saying that when there is a conspiracy to destroy the working class, the church must intervene.

The article presents information on the Canadian labor unions. Compared with its American counterpart, the Canadian labor movement has been remarkably successful. In 1965, both movements represented 30 percent of the nonagricultural work force in their respective countries. Canadian unions now represent 38 percent of the nonagricultural work force, while only 17 percent of Americans who are not farm workers belong to unions. During the 1970s and 1980s Canadian telecommunications, energy, chemical, paper and forestry workers all split from their American parents to create their own organizations.

Canadians, by and large, are not very xenophobic. Canada has fewer national heroes and distinctive symbols than most other countries. Canadians seem to have less pride in their history and in their achievements. Canadian diffidence towards nationhood appears to arise out of Canada's colonial past. In more recent times, Canada's proximity to the dynamic and powerful U.S. has induced a comparable feeling of dependence or inferiority. This article presents official working paper of the government of Canada. If they came from another source, these sentences would be shrugged off as truisms that have become voguish in the four and a half years since Canada celebrated its centennial as a national state. The U.S. control of the Canadian defense industry has made it difficult to develop similar defense production arrangements with other countries. The degree of U.S. control of Canadian business, and the policy affinities which exist between the two countries have undoubtedly prejudiced the Canadian position in relations with third countries, including ability to achieve foreign and commercial policy objectives.

The article focuses on the philosophy of Canada's two governing parties: the Social Credit, which has become a Conservative party with Moral Rearmament trimmings, and the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, which has built connections with the working class. With the forthcoming Saskatchewan election, the choice will be not only between political doctrine and socialism, but also between fundamentalist religion and religion directed toward social welfare.

This article presents information on recent political developments around the world. The U.S. government has now two important foreign complications on hand — the controversy with Canada over the canal tolls and the negotiations with Venezuela over the denial of the right of asylum in a U.S. merchant ship in the harbor of Puerto Cabello. The theatrical dry season in London has been enlivened by a discussion of the relations of writers of fiction to the drama. One morning paper set about drawing from a number of well-known novelists their opinions on the general question and also their explanation of the fact that they had never themselves attempted a play.

This article presents information on political, economic and social issues. The refusal of the English Government to allow Newfoundland, apart from Canada, to negotiate a trade convention with the United States is but an added embarrassment in what was already a complicated and difficult question. The fine of $5,000 imposed by the English court upon the London correspondent of a New York paper, for sending a scandalous and false "special cable despatch" to the U.S. about an actress, is likely to have a depressing effect upon a flourishing international newspaper industry.

The provincial government of Quebec, under Premier Maurice Duplessis, already shows strong fascist tendencies. Abetted by the Roman Catholic Church, it is directing a campaign against communism that is destroying freedom of the press, speech, and assembly. Certain news commentators, impressed by the scope of the corporatist movement and by the parliamentary manners of Duplessis, have even suggested that the establishment of a corporate state in the province of Quebec was only a matter of time. Fascist Adrien Arcand's National Social Christian Party is made up of avowed fascists openly working to that end.

This article focuses on the book "The New Era in Canada: Essays Dealing With the Upbuilding of the Canadian Commonwealth." Without exception, the essays in this book are able and well written, and the writers are representative of the various classes and interests in Canada. The list of contributors includes a Roman Catholic archbishop, the chairman of a Federal commission, the president of a great bank, the head of a leading boys' school, two women, three university professors and three journalists. Two essays are by economist Stephen Leacock. In the opening essay "Democracy and Social Progress," he leads his readers to the brink of a black abyss and lets them gaze into it. Plain dealing is the note of all the essays. There is no flattery of popular prejudices, or of a foolish national pride.

The article presents information on various socio-political developments from the world. The Democratic Convention of Pennsylvania has adopted a platform which is in the main very strong and serviceable. It is the first State platform that gives due recognition to the financial success of the Administration. The attempt of some stockholders in a Louisiana newspaper to get an injunction restraining the editor from supporting the nomination of one of two candidates for an office, on the ground that the paper was naturally or constitutionally democratic. It would hardly be possible to conceive of a more embarrassing difficulty in the working of a federal system than has arisen in Canada.

This article focuses on publishers and publishing of books and literature. Macmillan Co. publish directly the books "Wordsworth and the Coleridges, With Other Memories Literary and Political," by Ellis Yarnall. "Side Lights on American History," by Henry W. Elson; and "Tristram Lacy, or the Individualist," a by W.H. Mallock. The Geographical Journal for April 1899 opens with an account, by N. Collie of two explorations in 1897 and 1898 of an almost unknown part of the Rocky-Mountains lying about eighty miles north of the Canadian Pacific Railroad.

Presents letters to the editor on political issues in the U.S. and Canada. Comments on protests made in the U.S. against selective service law regulations; Remarks on the influence of the U.S. on Canadian economy; Comments on the racial situation in Cicero, Illinois.

Faced with a comparable problem, Canada adopted on January 1, 1952, the so-called universal old-age pension system used therefore only by Sweden and New Zealand. Every man and woman reaching the age of seventy who has resided in Canada for twenty years is eligible for a federal pension of $40 a month. The pension is paid irrespective of need or of any record of prior earnings. The plan is the outcome of exhaustive investigations by a joint committee of the Canadian Parliament which included members of all major political parties.

This article focuses on the Union that owns Newfoundland. On the spray-drenched, rock-ribbed island of Newfoundland a unique social organization has recently been built up among the fishers who ride the sea in their fleet of tiny boats and schooners. In the last fourteen years the biggest and most powerful fishermen's union in the world has developed there, led by one of the most unusual men in North America. Twenty-five thousand strong, with three hundred councils in as many ports, this organization has not only built up the biggest individual commercial concern in Newfoundland.

The aim of progressive labor men and women in Canada who are voting for organization along industrial union lines and complete separation from the American Federation of Labor is one big union. This radical action was not taken hastily. It is the outcome of years of dissatisfaction with the policies of those controlling the American Federation of Labor and its affiliated organizations. The war has brought discontent to a head. The labor movement of Canada has certain characteristics peculiar to itself, but it is no more distinctive than the industrial development which it reflects. Canada is a nation within the British Empire, but industrially its progress is more like that of the United States.

The article presents information on the meeting of American Library Association at Ottawa, Ontario, from June 26-July 2, 1912. At Ottawa the visiting librarians received, not the freedom of the city, but the privilege of riding free on the street cars. On Saturday the Canadian Government entertained the Library Association at a garden party at the Experimental Farm outside the city, and in the evening a ball was given in the Parliament House. At the preliminary session on Wednesday evening the assembled librarians were addressed by representatives of the Canadian Government, in the persons of the acting Premier, George H. Perley, and the Minister of Agriculture, Martin Burrell as well as by representatives of the city of Ottawa and of the Canadian clubs.

Presents letters to the editor, published in the January 6, 1940 issue of the journal "The Nation." Information on the National Catholic Welfare Conference News Service; Discussion of civil war in Spain; Anti-fascists in Canada.

Premier William Aberhart of Alberta, head of the first Social Credit government in the world, is the central figure in a controversy that grows in bitterness as months pass. Alberta has had for eighteen months a government pledged to a program of Social Credit; but that economic theory has not yet been translated into fact. Aberhart's supporters regard him as a sincere, honest and capable leader struggling to bring about a new economic order, which shall provide "Social Credit Dividends" every month. The opponents of Social Credit call the Premier a humbug, a demagogue, a seeker after power.

This article focuses on tussle between the Pentagon and the State Department over Korean War. The differences in emphasis between the Defense and State departments were reflected in the resolution presented to the United Nations Security Council. As passed by the Security Council, the resolution was designed to draw "the mantle of the U.N." more firmly around Anglo-American action in Korea, but it involved the U.N. in the conduct of the war less than had the original proposal of the Canadians, made a week ago.

The article comments on strikes of the Canadian lumber industry. Strikes in Canadian primary industry have a tradition of violence but the Kapuskasing walkout showed none at the outset. Canada's lumber industry, with an annual worth of $500,000,000, sets to work stockpiling the raw materials for another year of manufacturing its greatest export, cellulose. But on January 15, 1963, at the very peak of the logging season, the woods around Kapuskasing, Ontario, fell silent. The familiar snarl of chain saws and French-speaking section bosses was missing. Instead, the town of 7,000 rumbled with the combined muttering of 1,500 striking woodsmen.

The article reports that Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper proposed a U.S.-Canadian pact on climate change after U.S. President-elect Barack Obama won the election. Critics claim that this measure is just Harper confirming that the U.S. will continue to buy petroleum products mined from Canada's Alberta tar sands. The article describes the environmental hazard created by the sands and questions whether Obama will agree with Harper's plan.

The author presents a perspective on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Trans-Texas Corridor proposals. The proposals work towards improving trade among the three North American countries including Mexico, the U.S., and Canada. Some believe that the perils include dangerous port security and crony capitalism.

About one hundred and thirty years ago the acquittal of the Twelve Reformers established for the British people the principle of freedom of political thought and discussion. After being accepted in the intervening years as a natural right and matter of course, it was assailed last summer by the Canadian Government at the instigation of the Winnipeg Citizens' Committee. A number of strike leaders were arrested on the charge of seditious conspiracy, and after many delays their trials have been proceeding. J. Farnell, a returned soldier, has just been found guilty of seditious conspiracy in another court, but the verdict will be worthless and will do the Government more harm than good.

The article discusses the business forecast of Canada in the year 1950 with references from statements by Dominion Minister of Trade and Commerce C.D. Howe. If this forecast proves accurate, Canadians may look forward to a very prosperous year, for in 1949, production, national income, and employment were at their all-time peaks. Although Canada's financial position is strong and in spite of being a country endowed with great natural resources, it is by no means self-sufficient. To establish a working balance of payments with its two chief trade partners Canada needs to cut its purchases from the United States by about 15 per cent and to increase imports from Great Britain by about 100 per cent.

Focuses on economic and political conditions of Canada as of February 8, 1977. Impact of the economic recession of the country on the government of Prime Minister Elliott Trudeau; Overview of problems related to unemployment in the country; Assessment of the impact of the victory of Parti Québécois in the provincial elections on Trudeau.

Focuses on economic and political policies adopted by Premier of British Columbia David Barrett as of March 1974. Policies adopted by Barrett to resolve inflation related problems existent in the country; Views of Barrett on political leadership in the U.S. in 1974; Strategies adopted by Barrett to improve medical facilities in the country.

Focuses on the feeling of nationalism found in academics, writers and artists in Canada. Influence of the relations between Canada and the U.S. on Canadian writers; Interplay between a changing literature and a rising nationalist feeling in Canada; Reference to Hugh McLennan's novels "Barometer Rising" and "Two Solitudes."

In the name of global competition, Canadian governments, both national and provincial, are dismantling a social infrastructure that took a hundred years to create and are handing power over to the private sector. Canada's political and economic elite bought the current ideology that the global economy is inevitable, that there is no way to curb the power of global capital and that, in order to remain "competitive" in the new world order, the nation had to turn its back on its history and institutions. Results of these policies have been devastating for most Canadians. Several hundred thousand jobs and many hundreds of manufacturing companies have fled to lower-wage states in the U.S.

It's an enduring, solemn claim of the global tobacco industry that it spends billions of dollars annually on advertising and promotion solely to persuade smokers to switch brands and to retain brand loyalty. Never, the industry would have one believe, does it seek to tempt nonsmokers, least of all children under 18, to take up the habit. With almost no one noticing, however, that claim was devastated at the trial of a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of Canada's Tobacco Products Control Act of 1988, which severely restricted cigarette advertising and promotion. In defending the act, the government put in evidence internal corporate documents that describe with stunning candor how the industry deliberately hooks children and markets to them. Imperial had generated the most revealing of these documents, which have gone almost wholly unpublicized, even in Canada.

The article focuses on Quebec which is too vast, three times the size of France, sixteen times the size of Cuba. According to the author, Montreal, the world's largest inland port and the unofficial capital, is the center of that complex of contradictions that define the province and its Renaissance. It is a maturing North American city sharing all references with New York, San Francisco, and Chicago. Culture and political economy are thoroughly intertwined in the Quebec Renaissance and the misunderstandings the outsiders bring to this "province" are based on their knowledge of a past shaped by their one-time mutual isolation.

When prime Minister of Canada Leater B. Pearson came to power in April 1963, he had far reaching measures to promote the recovery of Canada's sagging economy. But today the government is quietly pushing back into the background the major part of its legislative program. Some of the present difficulties are inherent in Canada's basically, unsound situation, which would have to be faced by any government. The collapse was brought on by Finance Minister Walter Gordon's inept and ill-advised budget presentation.

The article presents political news, related to the United States. The message which U.S. President William Howard Taft sent to Congress last week, along with the project for a trade agreement with Canada, quietly takes some very bold positions. He says that the proposed free exchanges with Canada would not be "a violation of the protective principle," since this "does not call for a tariff between this country and one whose conditions, as to production, population, and wages, are so like ours." The Constitution of the United States contains the declaration that "no person shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself"; and the same prohibition is contained in the Constitution of the State of New York.

The article presents information on several issues. Current dispatches from Montreal show that the Canadian press and government are anxiously considering the effect of the new American tariff upon trade relations with the Dominion. In another development, the action of the New York State Liquor and Beer Dealers' Association last week is in one way a pointed, if a back-handed, compliment to the recent prohibition agitation. If the laws, that have been put on the statute book against the sale of liquor are wholly inoperative, there is little reason for collective defensive action by those interested in the liquor business.

This article focuses on the political developments in various parts of the world. Mr. William Howard Taft, in his long speech of acceptance, is, of course, enthusiastic over the policies and methods of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and the Republican party. As to corporations, Mr. Taft declares that the task of the next Administration is distinct from and a progressive development of that which has been performed by President Theodore Roosevelt. The festival at Quebec has been as much a tribute by Britain to France as by the British Canada of the present to the French Canada of the past. Great Britain may regard the present with satisfaction, if with a sigh at the difficulties that have been surmounted on the way, France cannot help looking back with a pang to what was and reflecting sadly on what might have been.

Capital punishment today faces fierce attack in many areas of a world in which the atom has posed a new threat and placed a new premium on human life. In England, an especially vigorous campaign seems destined soon to put a term to the ancient dictum that the scales of justice demand a life. In Canada and in many sections of the United States, notably in New York and California, controversial cases illustrating the case with which the innocent may be convicted have stirred the public and called for sober reflection on the appalling finality of execution.

This article focuses on St. Lawrence Seaway. Some 2,400 miles west of the Atlantic Ocean, an icy creek ripples over black rock and foams into an inland sea. The creek is one of the headwaters of the mighty St. Lawrence River, pride of the Northeast. Actually, the St. Lawrence Seaway has been in operation for 150 years or so. Nature provided most of the route; Canada and the United States had to put their engineers to work in only a few spots. The toughest, most dogged fighters for an improved seaway are, understandably, from the Middle West and states bordering the Great Lakes.

The article presents news related to economic and political issues around the world as of September 30, 1897. The new Canadian tariff system is very ingenious and quite in accord with U.S. President William McKinley precedent. It consists first of a general tariff, and second of an offer of a reduction of one-eighth of the duties to any country which admits Canadian products on as favorable terms as Canada offers to them. The Chicago, Illinois journal "Times-Herald" has made a curious contribution to the discussion about strike injunctions, by publishing a number of replies by "eminent jurists and prominent laymen" to questions propounded by its editor.

The article presents some political updates as of August 19, 1897. One of the updates focuses on the banking system in Canada. In the latest publication of the Gold Standard Defence Association of Great Britain, author B.E. Walker discusses the banking system of Canada and that of the U.S. Another update claims that the proposed federal Australian state is to be a government of enumerated powers, and in the draft now under discussion among the colonies, "State Insurance" will be one of the proposed powers.

Presents information related to politics in the U.S. Reversion of U.S. President Richard Nixon to the policy of bombing North Vietnam; Creation of the Emergency Loan Guarantee Board by the U.S. Congress to save the aircraft company, Lockheed Aircraft Corp. from bankruptcy; Information on the Great Lakes cleanup agreement between the U.S. and Canada; Others.

The article discusses the falling percentage of Canadian teachers in Canadian universities. Canadians themselves have become foreigners in these universities. About half the non-Canadians who get jobs in Canadian universities are Americans. In 1968, for instance, 2,280 immigrants gave their occupation as "professor." They included 1,013 Americans, 545 Britishers and 672 others. In Canada demands for a quota have been growing, but the favorite demand is that two-thirds of the members of each department should be Canadian.

The article focuses on the report issued by the House Committee on Internal Security. The committee would do well to give some attention to its own internal security, for a copy of the document somehow fell into the hands of Lawrence Speiser of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)branch in Washington. In the name of Nat Hentoff, the ACLU then brought a "class action" suit, seeking to restrain the committee from publishing the list. The case came before Judge Gerhard A. Gesell, a U.S., District Judge for the District of Columbia, who has in the past shown a deep concern for the Bill of Rights. Judge Gesell issued a temporary restraining order. The article also focuses on the Canadian decision to establish diplomatic relation with Communist China.

Canada, a half-continent in search of an identity, is becoming increasingly nationalistic and the new nationalism has a strongly anti-U.S. flavor. In the mid-1960s, Canadians could still debate the merits of remaining independent of joining the U.S. Now, such discussion is inconceivable. It is not simply that many Canadians have been repelled by the war in Vietnam and frightened by ghetto riots. To be sure, these events have soured the Canadians even as they have many Americans — although, it must be added, affection and admiration linger north of the border.

The article discusses the Canadian freedom of press. In Alberta, the government has enacted legislation giving the government life-and-death powers over all newspapers. This attack upon the liberty of the press has met with legal obstacles and will not become effective unless and until it is approved by the courts. Such approval is most improbable, and in any case the legislators are likely to be relieved of office before any serious damage can be done. But the support that the government's repressive actions have received is a most ominous development-three years ago, public opinion would have swept from office any administration suspected of concocting such plans.

The article presents some political updates as of April 13, 1905. One of the updates highlights that the relation or state of religious education, which has sorely disturbed France and England of recent years now becomes an urgent issue in Canada. The western territories of Saskatchewan and Alberta are to be erected into self-governing provinces and author Wilfrid Laurier seeks so to frame that sectarian schools shall permanently have a right to support from the public funds. Another update discusses the subordination of railroad rate regulation and the repeal of U.S. federal transportation statutes.

The article presents information on various socio-political issues. One-half of the entire Negro population of the country is concentrated in the six contiguous States of South Carolina, Georgia, Florida., Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. These States compare not meanly with some of the greatest countries in the world, not only in their superficial extent, hut in their agricultural, mineral, manufacturing and commercial possibilities. The Alaska Boundary Commission has arrived at a settlement favorable to the American contention, but not unanimously. The Canadian members were unmoved by the opposing arguments.

The article presents updates from the U.S. on political and economic fronts. One update reports on the aspects international dispute between the U.S. and Canada on several hundred miles of Pacific Coast. The Alaska Boundary Commissioners, are now in conference in Downing Street, New York City on the issue. Another update reports on a nomination that was sent into the U.S. Senate, for the office of District Attorney in a Southern State, of a man known to one to Senator Tim Carpenter of Wisconsin.

Reports on the holding of the United Nations conference 'Habitat: United Nations Conference on Human Settlement,' in Vancouver, British Columbia. Organizers' awareness of the built world; Organic link between the animal kingdom and the built world.

The article focuses on several political issues. "There is no fineness of suppression," Quebec-born novelist Saul Bellow once wrote. "When you suppress one thing, you suppress the adjacent." More than anything one will hear from the Canadian government, Bellow's statement helps explain why two books by anti-pornography feminist Andrea Dworkin, and truckloads of other U.S.-made cultural goods have been detained, banned and even burned by border guards in recent years. This epidemic of censorship shows how "progressive" controls on expression are bound to backfire. Canadian Customs censorship has existed for years, but escalated when a Canadian Supreme Court decision last year adopted anti-pornography feminism. Venezuelans said no to neo-liberalism on December 5. By 30 percent in a four-way race they elected as President Rafael Caldera, a populist who, despite his old roots in the country's political right, won the support of most left parties and campaigned vigorously against government policies of free markets, fiscal conservatism and indiscriminate privatization. Another 21 percent went to former steelworker Andres Velasquez and his Causa R, or Radical Cause, a somewhat mercurial party of the left.

The New Democratic Party (NDP), the political vehicle for Canada's labor movement and other left or left-leaning forces suffered the worst defeat in its sixty-year history, getting less than 8 percent of the vote. The party lost all its seats in central Canada, falling short of the margin necessary to insure official party status for the first time since it began contesting national elections. Its collapse now, mirroring losses experienced by social democratic parties worldwide, threatens to shift Canada's political axis sharply rightward. Along with its predecessor, the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, the NDP is generally credited with bringing Canada universal health care, unemployment insurance, pay equity, labor rights and farm subsidies.