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This paper presents the quantitative analysis of market power of the Generation Companies (GENCOs) and the impact of congestion on it in the deregulated electricity market. The intensity of market power of the GENCOs has been obtained by making use of a novel Market Revenue Share (MRS) index. The MRS of a GENCO is defined as a revenue earned by it as a fraction of total market revenue of all the participating GENCOs in the deregulated electricity market during any specific time span. The MRS of GENCOs has been obtained by solving an optimal power flow problem for maximizing social welfare function subject to the non-linear operational and congestion constraints. From the present electricity market real studies, it is noticed that under congested system conditions, some costly generators can get chance to exercise market power in the deregulated environment. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been demonstrated on IEEE-30 bus test system. It has been observed that due to congestion, there is an increase in the value of MRS Index of some costly generators which implies that GENCOS's ability to exercise market power increases with congestion in the deregulated electricity market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The krill herd (KH) approach is proposed in this article for tackling the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) issue with valve point loadings (VPL). The purpose of resolving the DED problem is to find the optimum feasible combinations of output powers of all committed generators within a given time period while simultaneously meeting dynamic operational constraints and satisfy the total load. With the addition of valve-points in the generator cost characteristics, the DED issue becomes an inherently non-linear and non-convex issue and the DED is going to be more complicated when losses are taken into account. KH is a swarm-inspired algorithm based on krill individual herding behaviour. KH employs two global and local tactics and these works in parallel, making KH an efficient evolutionary technique. The suggested technique was tested on DED systems with 6 and 15 units, and the findings showed that the KH is effective at solving DED issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimization of the cost of generation for any utilities is crucial to ensure the utilities will be able to maintain continuous supply and their survivability. Non-optimal amount of power generated by all generating stations in a country will possibly lead to monetary loss and ineffective operation of the power system. Thus, a robust and reliable optimization technique is the prerequisite to ensuring the lowest cost of generation can be achieved. This paper proposes a hybridized optimization technique that integrates the element of evolutionary programming (EP) into the barnacle mating optimizer (BMO), termed Hybrid Evolutionary Programming-Barnacles Mating Optimization (HEBMO). HEBMO is utilized to address the convex economic dispatch in a power transmission system. Its implementation on the IEEE 30-Bus Reliability Test System (RTS) in addressing the convex ED is remarkable, through the comparison with the traditional EP and BMO. The cost of generations in chosen cases such as base case conditions, stress conditions due to real power, and reactive power increments revealed the superiority of the proposed HEBMO over EP and BMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health is something that is very valuable and expensive for all humans. Currently, many people are not aware of the symptoms of an inguinal hernia which is a disease that most people do not understand. Hernia is a disease caused by the descent of the intestine under the lining of the abdomen into the testicles. This disease often occurs in heavy workers such as coolies, factory workers, and other heavy work. For that we need a mobile-based application that can diagnose hernia disease early and avoid worsening of the disease. One of the methods in the expert system is the method of certainty factor. After performing 15 times of expert testing using this system, the mean score of diagnostic evidence was 84% with an accuracy rate of 86.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the brake system significantly affects the safety, handling, and dynamics of the car. This paper aims to formulate an approach and develop a detailed methodology for designing a brake system for a racing Formula Student class race car, considering the requirements of the competition regulations. To accomplish this task, design calculations were performed to determine the pressure required to stop the car and calculations confirming the operability of the developed parts. The analysis is carried out in three stages. The first step is to determine the pressure necessary to ensure the wheels are locked. The second stage selects the system parameters and structural elements that can provide the necessary pressure. The third stage is the topological optimization of structural elements, considering the conditions of the regulation and the preservation of strength characteristics. To verify the calculations of the brake system with a balancing rod as a pressure distribution mechanism, field tests were performed. During field tests of the brake system, the design of the pedal assembly was not destroyed. As a result of the work done, a methodology for designing a workable brake system and its control body was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distortion of scene image by the pair «infrared lens/thermo-electronic converter» is investigated. Under the assumption that on the cold scene point heat source is placed randomly in such a way, that probabilities of its appearance at any direction are independent and unformed, the expression for information capacity is obtained. It is shown, that distortion decreases amount of information, when scene signal is transformed into its thermal image. Information losses are linked with changing of cells inverse projection on the observed scene space. Formulae for area of inverse cell projections and for information losses calculation in the IR system with pincushion and barrel type distortions are obtained. The structure of the testing system has been developed, the main element of which are eight IR LEDs, placed along the edges of the scene. The uncomplicated engineering method of IR sensor quality evaluation is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the edition of ISO/IEC 17025:2017, the topic of risk management in the management system of testing laboratories is becoming increasingly relevant. This edition of the standard obliges each testing laboratory to include in its management system a documented procedure that describes the actions to manage risks and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The testing of different types of hydraulic elements and systems is directly related to the ability to measure several basic parameters in hydraulics, such as pressure and flow rate. Pressure can be measured relatively easily by attaching control points to measure pressure in the system by means of manometers. Measuring pressure in hydraulic systems is much easier and much cheaper than measuring flow rate in a given system. Apart from the expensive turbine hydraulic flow meters which are most commonly used in practice, the present work offers an alternative concept for flow rate measurements within the range of 0 to 25 l/min. The elements used for the system build up are given and explained. The method and the system test results are presented and analyzed. It is also made a comparison between three experiments that was made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methodology for testing the performance of virtualization systems when using different guest operating systems is discussed in this article. A cross-platform program with 14 tests was developed for performance testing. Three virtualization systems were tested: Oracle Virtual Box, VMware Workstation, and Microsoft Hyper-V. The program was tested on two different guest operating systems: Windows and Ubuntu. Testing has revealed that when the Ubuntu guest operating system is used, the performance of the virtualization systems under consideration is roughly the same. In terms of test execution speed, the VMware Workstation hypervisor outperforms other virtualization systems when running on Windows. In general, the runtime of tests on Ubuntu was significantly shorter than on Windows across all virtualization systems. The test execution time on the host operating system Windows and the guest operating system Windows were compared. Test execution time on the host is roughly twice that of the guest operating system. If the test program performs a large number of arithmetic operations, the performance hit is reduced. When the test program works intensively with memory, performance suffers significantly. This is true for all virtualization systems under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to design a system that cuts the cancerous area in the esophageal tissue that is often detected in late stages, using the FCM algorithm. This algorithm has achieved impressive results in determining the tumour area, which is; (sensitivity of 0.98, Accuracy of 0.95, and specificity of 0.92). The proposed system was tested on 200 images, which were downloaded from the Kaggle website. This research showed that is not possible to improve the images before using them in segmentation, due to the type of noise experienced by the data set is not uniform, because the images uploaded to the mentioned site are in JPG format (compressed images), which are losing many their features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fixed-wing UAV vehicle can fly glide and has long-range roaming capability. On the other hand, rotary-wing UAVs can fly (hover) but cannot fly during fixed-wing. Fixed-wing rides can experience deviations when turning at large turning angles when doing waypoint missions. Deviations that occur due to maneuver limitations can be overcome by combining fixed-wing UAV and rotary-wing UAV types. The LQR control stabilizes both vehicle modes by processing multiple inputs for use on multiple outputs. System testing is carried out on the path tracking to find out the system's functioning, while the results of tests that have been carried out for three waypoint points were obtained, for the WP1 point to the WP2 point, and the deviation occurred by 3 meters. Then for the movement from the WP2 point to the WP3 point, the deviation is 2.5 meters. The ride time from the start point to the finish point is 30 seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software testing consists of reviewing software to determine whether it is functioning as expected or not. There are many testing techniques available. A tester should be able to choose the appropriate technique for each case at hand. Sometimes, testers find it difficult to test software, especially dynamic ones that describe the flow of an organization's business processes. This study focuses on testing the process flow in an information system and applying state transition diagram to test the transition between states. This research aims to determine how to properly test the business process flow of an information system using the state transition diagram and ensure the suitability of the business process flow. This stage of research begins with creating a state transition diagram based on the business process flow. Following the creation of the state transition diagram, the system will be tested. The final stage is to make changes based on the test results. The study concludes that the system, which was initially unable to handle business processes properly, has now succeeded in running precisely by the existing business processes. Tests and improvements have resulted in a system that is correct in terms of business process flow. Since state transition diagrams have proved successful in testing information systems, new guidelines for testing the transitions between states have been developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the description of methods and algorithms for ensuring the reliability of the transportation process for goods and own empty wagons by rail in terms of intelligent commercial inspection of trains and wagons using digital technologies, and primarily neural networks. It contains description of a formal recurrent model, a task decomposition tree built according to an object-oriented and method-oriented principle, a description of autodiagnostic methods: weighing, zone control, laser scanning, neural network photodiagnostics, temperature control and radio frequency control. The architecture of built system and test results are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 285 million blind people around the world. Those people faced challenges in their life, especially when reading a book. This paper is aims to test and evaluation the audio reading system (which is use to help the blind person to read the book) with new dataset which consist of 161 image, 8 font size, mono and color image, and different views. The system is test and discussion from the aspects: accurate, Font size and type, and more reliable. According to the results (on our dataset (image type, 161 images)), the characteristics of the system is efficient and accurate real time system with cloud computing and the accuracy increase while the font size increase, whereas the accuracy of font size 30 is 100% and of 12 is 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular thin plates are using in a wide range of engineering applications like roof and floor of building, deck slab of bridge, water tanks, turbine disks etc. Despite that, few experimental studies have been conducted to examine the behavior of a thin circular plate under uniformly distributed loads. The present study investigates the failure behavior of uniformly loaded clamped circular thin plates experimentally. The tests are conducting with a pressure system specially built for this work. It was developed to measure the maximum deflection of the circular plate under uniform internal hydrostatic pressure. Numerical and experimental results were compared and showed a good correlation for all plates investigated. The failure mechanism is discussed based on the results of numerical calculations and the results of a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results observed in this study show a good understanding of the problems related to different internal pressure values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hajj and umrah guidance is needed to help pilgrims increase their knowledge about the rituals. But sometimes after following the hajj and umrah guidance, many of them still had many questions that need an expert to answer, but an expert sometimes not always be to help them. A question and answering system for Hajj and Umrah was developed to help pilgrims in answering their questions using the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) method. This research only implements the Retrieve and Reuse process from the all CBR life cycle to answer the question. We tested the system in 2 scenarios. Firstly, using K-Fold Cross Validation with the value of K is four and used 104 data divided into 26 test data and 78 case base data. Second, using questions from outside the case base with a total of 26 data. Mean Reciprocal Rank was used to measure all of the scenarios. The first scenario shows the Mean Reciprocal Rank value is 0.97, and the second test, shows the value is 0.16. It offers that the system can give a relevant answer if the question is provided from the case base, and if not so, the system provides the un-relevant solution. The system needs to be improved by adding the Revise and Retain process and question rules [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a period, the traditional power grid has met several challenges such as widespread blackouts and growing demand, among others, which have affected reliability especially in the distribution network. Reliability is today pertinent to both the consumer and the utility because of the attached economic losses. Various protection systems and devices have been deployed to improve reliability in the grid but many researchers are studying reliability improvement in the context of Smart Grid (SG) implementation. Further reliability improvement has been envisaged with integration of distributed energy resources (DER). This study assesses the reliability gains with integration of a distributed generation source typically a solar photovoltaic (PV) to an IEEE 34 node standard distribution test system. ETAP software is used for the reliability evaluation of the test system and the results are compared with a base case where DER is not connected in the test system. Reliability indices are calculated. The simulation results indicate significant improvements in most reliability indices with integration of DERs. A load flow study is conducted to understand the reasons for improved reliability. The voltage profile of the system is found to improve with DER integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hindi is the third largest spoken language in the world and first in India. Addressing research and applications in natural language processing, Hindi, the dominant language in India, is still in its infancy. Hindi title generation is a crucial process that should be taken into consideration for any given story or document. This paper describes the automatic generation of title for a given text in Hindi. We have designed a system which generates the title relevant to the text or story and preserves the central theme. In the proposed system four algorithm are designed after performing the analysis of various text and stories of Hindi. The title will be created by the first algorithm using the utmost priority nouns. Second algorithm will generate the title as the combination of adjective and noun. Third algorithm is based on the proverbs present in the text and the last algorithm is based on the set of keywords present in the text or story. This system first tokenizes the text and then apply the tagging for identifying the nouns, pronouns, adverbs, adjectives etc., and then by applying different designed algorithms suggests the title of the text or story given by the user. Using 10 stories through a well-known Hindi text collection, the proposed approach is tested. Eight of the ten titles it produces are accurate. Second, a group of users, including Hindi teachers and academics, test the system. Their reviews and opinions indicate that the proposed strategy produces findings that are pertinent and is effective. The size of the story affects how well the system works. The most pertinent titles can then be chosen. This approach can be used by Hindi students who are still learning the language, as well as by novelists, newspapers, and magazines to produce titles at random for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scheduling of generators of hybrid power system for dispatching a specific demand economically is the objective of this paper. Cubic fuel cost function of the conventional generators has been considered in this work. The technique used to optimize the scheduling of generators in cost effective way is bio-inspired social spider algorithm. Conventional generators with cubic fuel cost function have been utilized in first two test systems to show the effectiveness of the used method. Results have been compared with already published work to show that the method could improve the outcome effectively. Test systems 3 and 4 constituted with conventional generators with cubic fuel cost function integrated with PV modules have been used to cater to the demand allocating the generators effectively so as to make the cost of production economic. Test systems 5 and 6 constituted with combined heat and power, solar power, wind mills and conventional generators with cubic fuel cost function have been used to establish the efficacy of the algorithm. Test systems 7 and 8 have been used where cogeneration units have been integrated with a large number of conventional generators with cubic fuel cost function. Moreover, Test systems 3 to 8 designed by the authors are also simulated using quadratic fuel cost function. Experimentally it is found that production cost obtained using quadratic cost function is optimistic than that obtained using more realistic cubic fuel cost function. These observations show that the algorithm is capable to solve such optimization task of different combinations of hybrid power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research is to design a novel wallace multiplier using CSA (Carry Select Adder) to obtain the less propagation delay time (in ns) when compared to wallace multiplier using CLA (Carry Look Ahead Adder). With a sample size of ten, the proposed system uses CSA as group 1 to test a novel wallace multiplier, while the existing system uses CLA as group 2 to test a system with pre-test power of 80%. The wallace multiplier was designed in the open source software Model Sim. A waveform is displayed at output with propagation delay time and some binary values after designing the multiplier in the Model Sim software. The novel wallace multiplier using CSA takes very less propagation delay of 700 ns whereas the wallace multiplier using CLA takes the 800 ns of propagation delay which is very high. The significance value obtained was 0.0121 (p<0.05). From the simulated results novel wallace multiplier using CSA shows less propagation delay, less power consumption and less size when compared to wallace multiplier using CLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main idea of this research paper is to avoid food wastage by making an ordinary refrigerator smart cost-effectively instead of designing a brand new refrigerator which is a very costly affair. This paper deals with the complete design of an intelligent module based on Machine Learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) which can be fitted to any refrigerator with enough features thereby making it smart and modular. The module comprises an adjustable frame containing the processing unit at the top side, a display screen in front, and a weight measurement tray with camera sensing attached on one side of the refrigerator respectively. This design helps to remove the mess of wires inside the fridge which is a common issue with other smart refrigerators as evident from the literature review. At the end, results of system testing using ImageNet dataset are shown where an accuracy of 85% is achieved in item classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telkom University Open Library's official website is an Open Library service belonging to one of the universities in Indonesia, Telkom University. Usability of a website can be a benchmark for assessing how well and accessible it is for users. As users of the Telkom University Open Library website, students want convenience and a good experience while using the website. A variety of survey methods are available to test and assess the usability of websites. This study conducted tests using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The initial SUS result showed that Telkom University Open Library website has a poor score, therefore improvements are needed to increase this value. User-Centered Design is a design method that can be used to overcome the website's usability since it is based on the needs and interests of users. The result of this research is a prototype of Telkom University Open Library website for student's module. The prototype with the proposed design was tested using the System Usability Scale (SUS). The test resulted in a SUS score of 84.75. The score obtained is in the "acceptable" category and indicates that the application design tested to all test participants already has an improved usability score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the construction of the control system of the test stand intended for testing wheelchairs is described. The device allows for controlling drive systems (asynchronous motors) through inverters, as well as reading data from torque meters and force sensors in order to determine the centre of gravity of the standing wheelchair. It was built based on a PLC controller with input-output modules. The whole works under the control of the real-time operating system, which enables synchronous recording of individual data with a constant time determinism. Selected measurement results are included in the experimental part. The data was also displayed on a specially prepared visualization. An Ethernet interface was used for communication. In the experimental part, selected measurement results are presented in the form of graphs. These results can be used to verify simulation models, as well as to obtain information about the biomechanics of the movement of people with reduced mobility, who use wheelchairs on a daily basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolling resistance is the most basic component of force counteracting movement of a vehicle equipped with a wheel and axle. This value is particularly important in the case of systems that are powered by muscle effort, such as for example a wheelchair. Modelling and analysis of the motion of such a vehicle requires knowledge of rolling resistance. There are a number of ways to measure the values essential for calculation of rolling friction, although individual methods have specific advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, a research method was developed that allows to determine the value of resistance to motion in real conditions - without the need to disassemble the wheels from the vehicle. The aim of the work was to determine the resistance to movement of wheels used in, inter alia, wheelchairs and to evaluate the research method developed for this end. The article contains a description of the research methodology and the results of the determined rolling resistance coefficient values. In relation to the previously developed research methods, an improvement was introduced, which allowed to reduce the impact of the inertia of the moving system on the test results. This is an important issue, especially for wheels with low load capacity, which are unable to withstand a considerable value of vertical force. The results presented in the study are a continuation of the research related to the analysis of wheelchair's rolling resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to build a prototype model for android-based mobile academic information using push notification for supporting the student's academic activities. The prototype model purpose is to build mechanism of information spread from university to its students rapidly. Therefore, the students can receive the information as soon as possible as long as they access their smartphone. The prototype model is using prototyping method for developing the mock-up and several processes namely application architecture design, push service configuration, prototype implementation, and testing. This prototype model was tested using the system usability scale (SUS) Brooke version and a questionnaire with Likert scale. The testing results reveal that this prototype model is feasible and 87.88% of the respondents definitely agree that this mechanism can potentially help their academic activities. This result was influenced with the limitation of respondents and the difficulty of installed the client side application manually. The prototype model can be the model for university information academic system for delivering the information to their students effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the results of physical modeling of deformation and filtration processes in the rocks of the Astrakhanskoye gas-condensate field when implementing the method of increasing the permeability of low-permeability rocks - the directional unloading method. The experiments were carried out on the unique Triaxial Independent Load Test System (TILTS) of the Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPMech RAS). A digital model of the internal structure of the rock by X-ray computed tomography methods was obtained. A digital analysis of changes in the filtration properties of rocks based on the experimental data of the micro CT study is carried out. It is shown that the directional unloading method can be successfully applied to low-permeability rocks of the Astrakhanskoye field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the habit of disposing of garbage properly in order to create a clean and healthy environment is an important thing that we need to be conducted. This study aims at producing a prototype smart trash bin that can increase children's awareness of a healthy and clean environment, especially in their school. The method used in this research is an experimental method, starting with gathering information and materials, designing the system implementation, and testing the system. The components used in this design are the Raspberry Pi which the main control, an ultrasonic ping sensor to detect garbage into the bin, and an infrared sensor to detect the capacity of the waste in the bin. The results showed that a smart trash bin that controls the condition of its box could give warnings when the trash is full and provide interesting education for children about the importance of maintaining a clean and healthy environment. It is hoped that the results of this research will become the application of information technology in encouraging children's awareness to create a clean and healthy environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the High Performance Molten Salt II Project a closed loop salt cycle which uses conventional Solar Salt (60% NaNO3, 40% KNO3) at top salt temperatures reaching up to 600°C will be demonstrated. This salt cycle features all functionalities a commercial cycle would expose. One of the goals is to measure the thermal efficiency of the receiver and to validate the simulation models, which were used during the design phase of the salt cycle and receiver. This paper details the selection process and design of the 1 MWth receiver and its measurement equipment, which will be integrated into the test infrastructure at the Multi Focus Tower in Jülich, Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind tunnel testing plays an important role in determining the design of infrastructure and transportation media whose performance is influenced by aerodynamic effects. In a typical wind tunnel test, a set of raw data is generally produced that represents the results sensed by the measuring instrumentation. This data set can be patterned for various purposes, such as classifying wind tunnel test types and checking the readiness level of wind tunnel test systems. This research activity seeks to model the pattern of raw data from the Indonesian Low Speed Tunnel wind tunnel test, by compiling a data structure consisting of four raw data clusters, namely pressure, temperature, force/moment, and attitude of the test model, conditioning the data structure so that it forms a 16 different raw data patterns, and perform numerical tests to verify and validate the classification of raw data patterns using the K-Nearest Neighbor method. The results show that the developed model is capable of classifying according to the expected 16 patterns and can be projected to support decision making in examining the level of readiness of the wind tunnel test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows the results of research on the development of a test system by polymerase chain reaction with «real-time» detection for the identification of phytopathogenic fungi Penicillium expansum, which cause apple disease – blue mold. It can infect a wide range of hosts, including pears, strawberries, tomatoes, corn and rice. P. expansum produces the carcinogenic metabolite patulin, which levels in food are regulated by the governments of many countries. The authors selected a section of genome, the gene patF Penicillium expansum strain NRRL 35695. It is a cluster of genes that mediates the biosynthesis of patulin, a derivative of tetraquetide mycotoxin acetate. The test system for Penicillium expansum includes specific primers: upstream primer (f) 5'-3' GTGGGTCCGCAGGCCTTTAT, downstream primer (r) 3'-5' GCCCATTCTCCATCGACCAC. Reaction setting protocol: pre-denaturation – 95 0C-5 minutes (1 cycle); denaturation-95 0C-5 sec, annealing-60 0C-15 sec (50 cycles). Probe: GCCCATTCTCCATCGACCAC, fluorescent dye – ROX, quencher-BHQ2. The optimal concentration of primers equal to 7 pM of each primer per reaction has been established. The optimal concentration of the probe is 0.4 pM. The approbation of the scientific development was carried out on 29 strains of Penicillium spp. isolated from samples of apples, eggplants, onions, strawberries, grapes, peaches with signs of spoilage, and soil samples from various natural geographical zones of the Russian Federation, and presumably typed as Penicillium expansum by dichotomous keys. It was established that only 15 belong to this species on the basis of conducted studies. The study was carried out according to the thematic plan-task of the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation, the registration number of the INIS RTD 122030200367-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of research on the development of test system by the method of polymerase chain reaction with real-time detection for the identification of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum. These fungi are cosmopolitan for many types of agricultural (wheat, soybeans, peas, alfalfa) and fruit and vegetable crops (tomatoes, cucumbers) in various geographical areas. The authors selected for the work a section of genome that encodes endopolygalacturonase-Fusarium oxysporum isolate TD586 (pg1) gene. Specific primers were selected (f) 5'-3' GGGATCTGGGAGTACGGTTGC and (r) 3'-5' CCTACAGGCAGCGTTGAAGC and a protocol for setting up the reaction has been developed, including preliminary denaturation – 95 0C-5 minutes (1 cycle); denaturation-95 0C-5 sec, annealing-60 0C-15 sec (50 cycles). Studying the sensitivity of the test system, the authors selected a probe (GCTATTGCGGCTTTGCTGC), fluorescent dye-ROX, quencher-BHQ-2. The scientific development was tested on 28 field strains and 1 reference strains (Fusarium oxysporum VKM No. F-140) which was tested on 28 field strains and 1 reference strains with a 15 positive result. The study was carried out according to the thematic plan-task of the Ministry of agriculture of the Russian Federation, the registration number of the INIS RTD 122030200367-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rescue agencies like fire departments, police departments, and health departments need to identify the important and emergency messages to provide better services to the people. In generally those departments will receive a lot of messages which consist of several categories like spam, invalid etc. These departments need a system that can categorize the received messages into categories like important, invalid and spam. This paper proposes a methodology using a naïve Bayes algorithm integrated with a natural language toolkit. The proposed methodology classifies the received messages into alter1, alert2, alert3, invalid and spam messages. Depending upon the category of messages the rescue agencies will take necessary action. The proposed methodology helps the rescue agencies in saving time by taking action against important messages and ignoring unimportant messages. The system is trained through the preprocessed data. This will help the system in categorizing the test data more accurately. The accuracy of the classification is compared with the existing methodologies. The proposed methodology showed 97% accuracy in the classification of the messages into the different categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home automation has now become an integral and prominent part of society whether that may be for a societal status or the extensive ease of use that it brings forth by providing the ability to monitor, control and access common home appliances remotely whilst also being able to make informed decisions through the intelligent devices. The majority of the home automation products use IoT as their base technology which is a very recent cutting edge technology stack that enables connecting local daily life appliances to the internet and set a communication medium between the user and the appliance. In this study, a system architecture is proposed for the implementation of home automation with the Arduino IoT cloud server. The circuit diagram of the home automation system with the ESP 32 module is developed and presented in this study. To test and validate the system, a POC was developed with a TRL 5 consisting of a single central control hub, and 3 end device appliances were used for automated control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, business processes in the community often get complaints about long queues, which also happened at the Batik Air check-in office at Kualanamu International Airport. This study was conducted to evaluate the queuing model at the Batik Air check-in office and to determine whether the model is the optimal model or needs some updating to optimize the queue. The airline's current queuing system is two queue lines with two counters. The average service time is 166.5 seconds, and the average arrival time is 119 seconds. Previous observation data shows that the average service time for counter 1 is 159 seconds, and counter 2 is 174 seconds. This data indicates that there is a long queue at the check-in counter. From the simulation system test, the result of changing two queuing lines to 3 queuing lines with three counters is the most optimal queuing system model. There had been an increase of customers number served by ten people from 34 customers or 29.4%, with the percentage of customers at each counter being 20% for counter 1, 50% for counter 2, 30% for counter 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional fixed topology of transmission networks is prone to power congestions, which can cause load curtailment and reduce the integrations of wind power, leading to more dispatching of conventional generators and higher overall dispatch cost. This can be overcome by improving the operation flexibility of transmission networks to enhance wind integration level. This is achieved in this paper by employing the network topology optimization technique to optimize network topology by flexibly altering the connections of lines and busbars. The proposed evaluation framework is generic and applicable on any network. Case studies performed on the IEEE 24-bus test system show that the proposed technique is effective in reducing the three costs considered here, namely the load curtailment cost, generator dispatch cost and wind curtailment cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of determining the hydraulic characteristics of the shut-off and control valves of the heating system is relevant. The hydraulic characteristics of control valves are used in the design of heating systems, as well as when setting them up. The quality of the entire system depends on the reliability of these characteristics. However, in the Russian Federation there is a rather small number of laboratories involved in the determination of the hydraulic characteristics of valves. The existing methods for determining the hydraulic characteristics of fittings are not perfect and are not suitable for the peculiarities of the operation of water heating systems. The measurement accuracy depends not only on the accuracy of the measuring devices, but also on the method of pressure sampling. The article discusses several options for taking pressure on a test bench when testing one of the types of balancing valves. The study was carried out using mathematical modeling using k-ε turbulence, with a stationary fluid flow, and the boundary conditions were selected from the conditions of operating modes of water heating systems. Conclusions are drawn about the non-uniformity of the pressure diagram when the fluid flow passes through the samples under study. The error of various methods of pressure sampling is estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lateral flow immune sensor was proposed for the determination of extremely toxic phycotoxin domoic acid (DA). The assay is based on immunochromatographic principles and involves anti-DA monoclonal antibodies and gold nanoparticles for their labeling. The test system allows the detection of DA within 15 min in concentrations from 100 ng/mL visually and 1.3 ng/mL instrumentally. The applicability of the developed analysis for the detection of DA in spiked seawater samples was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ELISA test system was created based on antibodies obtained as a result of immunization of rabbits and guinea pigs with the dimethyl sulfoxide antigen of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. It showed high sensitivity and generic specificity with all strains of enteropathogenic Yersinia and did not interact with bacteria from other genera, which allows it to be used for diagnostic purposes. In accumulation media with pig faeces contaminated with Yersinia, the experimental test system detected Y. pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica already on the 3rd day of "cold enrichment", provided that 50 or more Yersinia cells per 1 ml were inoculated into the accumulation medium together with feces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the development of a test system for the simultaneous gene diagnostics of four alleles in the beta-casein locus in cattle. Allele-specific TaqMan probe technology was used. In this case, the fluorescent probe is an oligonucleotide complementary to the PCR product. In order to conduct bioinformatic studies, some of the materials were taken from the OMIA (Australia) and NCBI (USA) databases. On the basis of the developed methodology, certification of two breeds of cattle (red steppe, bestuzhevskaya), belonging to the red genealogical root, was carried out. An allelotype was established in the studied animals for the beta-casein locus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design complexity of a chip is increasing day by day and because of which cost of testing is also increasing exponentially in terms of time and money and the remedy of this problem is DFT – Designfor testability which plays an importantpart in the ASIC design flow by reducing testing time and providing high fault coverage. Testing can be of two type Intest and Extest. In order to perform extest, we have to perform the boundary scan and for that we have an IEEE standard in DFT known as JTAG – Joint Test Action Group. JTAG is basically a design which we add as an additional circuitry to the system which makes input as controllable and output as observable. In DFT, we commonly use internal scan for testing but in some cases such as board-level test and diagnosis, test on-board interconnect among chips and test on-chip system logic makes boundary scan important which leads to JTAG as important part of DFT. This paper is primarily focused on the study of the logical functionalityof JTAG. We are going to do this by including JTAG into a design structure. The structure includes a master and a slave. Master have the JTAG for interface similarly slave have AHB for interface. Now, for communication we need a common bridge in-between. The data flow through the JTAG in order to perform are the sole purpose of this paper. We are going to design this structure in AMD Xilinx VIVADO 2019.2 and for the analysis and understanding purpose of the design, we will also perform theRTL analysis, Synthesis analysis which will create the netlist and at last we will use the netlist to generate the power report also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of distributed generation to deliver cost-effective, environment friendly, high-quality and more reliable solutions have resulted in a rise in its use for electricity generation around the world. To balance power demand closer to load centers, DGs and capacitors are preferred over centralized power generation. An appropriate position and capability of DG plays a crucial role in addressing common power system issues like system loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement and stability. The best location for DG in the test system is determined using the loss sensitivity factor in this paper. The top five suitable locations are chosen, and all feasible combinations for DG integration are tested. To achieve minimal losses, Type I and Type II DGs are incorporated individually in the IEEE 33-bus test system at varying penetration levels using ETAP. The penetration levels chosen for the same are 30%, 50%, and 70% for three different scenarios, namely with single DG, two DG, and three DG. The outcomes are then compared to those of other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an algorithm for balancing a platform on aerodynamic suspension based on measurements of the angular velocity sensor. Results of the algorithm experimental development are presented. The developed algorithm makes it possible to improve adequacy of results of the nanosatellite angular motion control system testing. The balancing algorithm error is comparable with errors of the known algorithms that are using more expensive measurement instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a social manufacturing system that involves small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with different locations, it is necessary to have material delivery via courier. Materials from each of these SMEs are sent via courier to the manufacturer to be integrated into a single product. The purpose of this research is to develop an android-based courier delivery monitoring system application. With this application, each SMEs and manufacturer can monitor the location of the courier when sending materials to the manufacturer. The method used in this research is research and development, which starts from observation, system requirements analysis, system design, system testing and evaluation of system test results. The making of this material delivery application uses the MIT App Inventor software, which is connected to the web-based Social Manufacturing Monitoring System (SMMS) that was previously created. The result of this research is an android and GPS-based material delivery application that can be used properly. Each SMEs can monitor the movement of shipments from the starting point to the manufacturer via the web SMMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling the distribution of bioelectric activity biopotentials by the type of geometric surfaces. A methodology for spatial analysis of norms and pathologies in the field of transport safety medicine is being developed. A spatial model of moment states on the temporal segments of myocardial repolarization is constructed using a multi-electrode system of leads. The electrode lead system is tested on the resulting spatial model. Recommendations are given for the visual identification of hidden changes in the conductive zones. Parametric estimation opens up prospects for the development of methods for predicting estimates, that is, the transition to dynamic models, built, for example, on the basis of difference equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety has always been the most important thing in the aircraft industry. Every aircraft has to be inspected and repaired if there are any defects. The current existing method of aircraft inspection requires heavy machinery, and it is time-consuming. This project is to make an alternative method for inspectors to do a visual inspection that is more efficient than the existing method. For the project, Intel Realsense Depth Camera D435i was used for its depth capability and DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2 as the drone for the new system. Tests were done to analyse the device's accuracy to see if it can be used in an aircraft inspection. The tests involve depth analysis system test, the wireless range for system test, and drone camera movement test with a depth camera. Depth analysis system test has few tests such as maximum distance test, horizontal angled camera test and vertical angle camera test. For the maximum distance test, the distance obtained was 130 cm. The result obtained for the horizontal angle test is that the camera can get accurate data from 60° to 90° horizontally, measured from the aluminium plane surface. In contrast, it can get accurate data from 80° to 90° from the plane surface for the vertical angle test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional water quality monitoring needs the use of water sampling and laboratory analysis. In terms of water usage in a swimming pool, this encourages people to ignore the water quality aspect and permitting negative impacts such as pool infection outbreaks. Water quality in a swimming pool has always been neglected due to time-consuming and costly methods. In addressing current problem, this research project aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based water quality monitoring system specifically to monitor water physicochemical quality in swimming pool applications. The system utilizes IoT to display the output in a real-time manner for on-site monitoring and off-site monitoring using mobile phone, visualize through Blynk application. In this research, the water quality parameter that had been analysed are pH and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). TTGO Lora ESP32 has been selected as the microcontroller for its advance feature of built-in Wi-Fi module and OLED display. For data acquisition, two type of sensor had been chosen namely DF Robot Gravity Analog pH sensor V2 and KS0429 Keyestudio TDS Meter V1.0. The pH sensor used has a measurement range of 0 to 14 pH value and calibrated with standard buffer solution of pH 4.0 and 7.0. While the TDS sensor used has a measurement range of 0 to 1000 part per million (ppm). TDS sensor has been calibrated using predetermined TDS value solution. Both sensors have successfully undergone calibration process to ensure the validity and credibility of the system. As a result, pH sensor has percentage error of only within 0.25% and TDS sensor percentage error within 0.34%. The main reason both sensor selection is due to its viability in monitoring and achieving intended swimming pool water quality. The system developed has been tested in actual swimming pool applications before the result being analysed and compared with several standards and guidelines. By having a reliable quality monitoring system, corrective procedures can be conduct accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The software testing process is not only important but also a complex stage SDLC (software development life cycle) process. For estimating the activities of the system in the software testing stage testers implement test scenarios as input for the system under test (SUT). For improving the superiority of the system and also finding faults implementing test-cases shows an energetic role. Our research work target towards implementation of test cases automatically by combinational Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram so that it can display higher effectiveness in starting phase of the system development procedure of model-based testing. This research uses UML diagrams like Use Case Diagram (UCD), Activity Diagram (AD), and a combination of both generates System Testing Graph (STG). The combination of these two diagrams has been proved as the well-suited diagrams to implement test cases from the earlier combination graphs. Our technique suggested in this research paper is Uniformed Graph Traversing (UGT) Algorithm that is combined with Level Order Traversal (LOT) Algorithm to implement predictable test scenarios. In this research paper, we prove that the UGT algorithm is useful to implement test scenarios, and also these test scenarios are providing precise outcomes; each vertex existing in the test scenarios includes some situation. In this proposed approach we also disclose faults for example decision fault, fault of dependency, interaction fault, and loop fault which results in assessment effort reduction. The implemented test scenarios are directed to one requests controlling tool which can be in contradiction of the requests. It also protects time period and work and also, raises the value of implemented test scenarios, thus enhances the complete routine in a testing phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The black-box approach to embedded systems testing, also known as functional testing, requires a special set of metrics to be gathered in order to evaluate its outcome. This article presents the overview of the most common metrics that can assist in measuring the effectiveness of testing and that can be used to compare the different test methodologies or strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch (ORPD) is one of a non-linear complex optimization problem. The main purpose of ORPD is to obtain minimum power loss by control variable system adjusting in all system limitation requirements. The control variables that need to be optimized are the value of bus generator voltage, tap transformer settings and shunt reactive elements. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has developed in several new variants. In this research, the PSO algorithm was improved using Individual Different Evolution (IDE-PSO) algorithm. This algorithm was conducted to solve ORPD problem on IEEE 30 bus test system as the research object. The simulation results show that the total value of active and reactive power losses decreased by 1.39% and 1.95% respectively, comparing with the system initial condition. The IDE-PSO algorithm results also were compared with the Standard PSO results. The IDE-PSO algorithm proved to be more effective than the Standard PSO algorithm for ORPD problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of e-learning has become of great significance with a high demand and the urgent need for it, hence it has proven its effectiveness as a successful alternative learning technique. This paper covers literature that explains the overall concept of e-learning, with the significance of e-learning and the need for it in the conclusion section. It provides an overview of the e-learning state in Iraq and the current state of universities in Iraq. Here in this article, we address an important e-learning application, which is the online test system for students. We engage in the explanation of this system, where its benefits are presented. Finally, the paper proposes to establish a system of tests using the Java computer programming language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]