Search

This paper aimed to present an analysis of public policies and the universal supply of drinking water in the municipality of Itaituba, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The methodology used was exploratory research, made possible through a bibliographic survey and interviews. In 2017, information from IBGE indicated that 46.53% of households in Itaituba were served with treated water supply services by the state (COSANPA) and municipal (CASITA) agencies. The survey found that 4,140 homes are supplied by CASITA, with untreated water. It was concluded that, in the municipality of Itaituba, public policies are still at a much lower level of execution, estimating that around 50% of the households in Itaituba do not receive drinking water from either agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the way of the modern lexicon culture and civilization in the historical-ethnographic thought of José Veríssimo (1857-1916). Thus, it was argued that miscegenation is the reading key Veríssimo ponders the amazonian society as a comprehensive way of life between civilization and barbarism. This key faced the issue of the formation of nationality, by proposing the Amazonian point of view in the coordinates of Brazilian miscegenation: tapuio as a national element in the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the main spacial transformations that happened in the relationship between the city and the river in Vitória do Xingu, state of Pará, related to the installment of the the Hydroelectric Plant of Belo Monte and it's insertion in the energetic frontier imposed to the Amazon. In methodological terms, a theorical-conceptual review and field trips were made (with photographic records and formulary applications). It is argued that through the construction of the Hydroelectric plant, significant changes happened in the urban dinamic, revealed in the requalification of the city port (its waterfront), consolidation and modernization of the services and business main area and the surge of new settlement spaces in the city's countryside, mainly the road axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the historiographic production initiatives on the history of education in the Amazon, particularly studies of researchers who investigate the state of knowledge about the trajectory of education in the region. The research methodology has a bibliographic survey of books and articles, based on indicators on the history of education in the Amazon or its states, addressing the productions that refer to the period that corresponds to the first initiatives of creation of research groups in History of Education, in the 1980s, until the last twenty years, when there was an increase of studies in the Amazon. We conclude that, in spite of the important advances that have occurred, because it is a historically peripheral region in several aspects and therefore neglected in relation to the South and Southeast of Brazil, for example, it is still necessary to expand the efforts towards the dissemination of its production, which should occur from the training of new researchers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retail sector in the United States is undergoing an important transformation process, mainly in the last decade, due to the popularization of the internet and e-commerce. This paper aims to study extract the implicit perspectives for each company studied from the pricing of its shares trought the Gordon Model methodology. The results appoint, then, that the growth prospects for the e-commerce leader (Amazon) are much higher than the prospects for other companies, whether in the physical or online segment. The creation of important competitive advantages by Amazon has allowed it to grow faster than its competitors, including Ebay, is not achieving the same success as Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to outline the phenomenon of violence against women during the Covid19 pandemic in the states of the Brazilian Northern region. The discussion is based on the theoretical contributions of feminist geography and intersectionality, and on the sociohistorical and cultural aspects that help to compose the studied scenario. Bibliographic research was carried out on websites, official bulletins and scientific works, and the results and discussions developed showed lack of information, which denounces the silencing of northern women including its particularities according to space, culture and descriptors of race, class and gender, which were intensified by the changes resulting from the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the effects of the construction of the Belo Monte dam, visible in the streets of Altamira, registered in photographic images, evidenced in the speeches of its residents or those who carry out professional activities and in commerce. Present at different moments in the city, notes and photographs were accumulated since before the dam was implemented in 2009 until 2016, so that in addition to this record, the memory of the researchers, of different actors and positions of social actors on Belo Monte is triggered for the elaboration of this paper. It is concluded by the finding of the end of a boiling cycle and turmoil in the social and economic life of the city, to a moment of depression, lethargy, deceleration, expectation and disenchantment caused by the demobilization of the resources used for this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the border between the states of Pará and Amapá lies one of the largest Brazilian nut massifs in the Amazon. In this region, nut gatherers have been engaged for decades in the extraction of nuts for consumption and/or commercialization. Since the 1990s, national and transnational companies have approached these populations with the intention of proposing business and establishing partnerships. This paper aims to present part of the process of forest certification of the nut woods of RDS Iratapuru, reflecting on its implications and effects. On the one hand, the certification enabled the extractive community to expand its business partners, among them the Brazilian cosmetic company Natura S/A. On the other hand, it required nut gatherers to make significant changes and adaptations. The ethnography was attentive to the disagreements within these agreements and sought to offer a reflection on the divergent understandings and on their stabilization processes, demonstrating that during the forest certification the knowledge of the nut gatherers is confronted to the knowledge of engineers, environmental technicians and forest management specialists. The paper argues that although the difference of assumptions that guide the considered knowledge is striking, it does not obstruct the capacity for communication and movement of both ways of knowing. In this sense, the anthropological literature on predation appears as an analogous way to understand the conflict of presuppositions and their possible arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with a series of urns and vessels related to burial practices probably of indigenous Mundurucu, in the lower Tapajós River, from the archaeological site of Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro (N.S.P. Socorro) - Itaituba, Pará. The paper then evaluates the similarities with ethnohistorical and archaeological data on funerary practices in the region, the description of the excavations in laboratory, presenting data and interpretations on the osteological traces found, contributing to the debates about funerary practices in the Amazon region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights an experience that shed light on how the translanguage pedagogy worked as a beneficial tool of teaching English language in the Amazon, according to the participants of this study. The experience took place in a discipline, in which the future teachers discussed not only the particularities shown in the English language structure, but also became involved a new way of thinking the language. Through oral and narrative practices, it was identified that the participants translanguaging in order to negotiate languages and cultures in a way to appropriate them. It was observed in the linguistic repertoire of the participants, that there was a presence of an "Amazonian identity", when expressing themselves in their additional language, which was interpreted as a way of building a dialogue with the local life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Brazilian social context, characterized by the enormous ethnic-racial, cultural, religious, and identity diversity, where occurs certain invisibility of the Jews in the national culture and especially in the Amazonian society, it is relevant to research the presence of Jews in Brazil. As in other parts of the country, Amazon was also marked by the arrival of this ethnic-religious community. To understand their historical trajectory, identity, symbolic representations, religious traditions, and practices requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the history, sociology, anthropology, theology, and religious studies. From a literature review, the objective of this paper is to understand the coexistence, the articulation with the local religiosity, and the strengthening of the cultural elements that permeate the Jewish identity and the meaning that the Amazonian populations attribute to the culture, symbols and religious rites of the Yehudei Amazonya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining equations to estimate with precision the volume of commercial trees is relevant for decision taking on the use of the forest and on the establishment of public policies for the monitoring and control of natural resources, their valorization and investments. Current paper develops volume equations for the Dense Ombrophilous Forest in Ipixuna, northeastern region of the state of Pará, Brazil. The real volume of 296 sample trees was determined according to the Smalian method. Forty-six trees were selected for a database for the validation of the equations. Twelve mathematic models were tested, of which six had simple entrance and six had a double entrance. Simple entrance models proved to have the best adjustment quality for the Hohenald & Krenn model, with equation v = 5.29918-0.1374d+0.00010d² (R²aj. = 0.84, Sy.x% = 19.81; DMP% = -3.63). In the case of double entrance, the best was Schumacher & Hall model, with equation Logv = -3.7657+1.9242.logd+0.7540.logh, (R²aj. = 0.96, Sy.xr% = 10.46, DMP% = -0.34). After validation of selected equations, the Schumacher & Hall was recommended to estimate the volume of commercial trees in the municipality of Ipixuna due to high precision adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the recent processes of territorialization and identity recognition of the Rosa community at the beginning of the 21st century. The objective of the research is to understand its process of self-identification as a quilombola remnant and the specific territorialization engendered by this identification. The methodology is based on Historical Ethnography, with fieldworks in the community from 2017 to 2019. The results indicate that the territorialization process triggered by the Rosa community is a global transformation process of multiple dimensions. It includes self-demarcation actions, such as the action to expel the mining company from its territory; multi-territoriality actions, such as the actions led by members of the community in deliberative instances of the instituted political power; it includes access to citizenship through the legal support provided by the State; it encompasses ethnogenesis, as self-recognition as quilombola; and actions that imply strengthening territoriality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the narrative Report of a certain Orient (2008), by manauara Milton Hatoum, made public in 1989. Hatoum's narrative is shaped based on memories and displacements of marginalized groups, linked to a speech by formation of the Amazon, from the Rubber Cycle, as well as the Amazonian emancipation, in the late 1980s. Leaning on the perspective that the novel chosen for analysis is built on the experience of exile, wandering and displacement, still grounded, In the observation that their local selves are already clothed with global selves, we intend to reflect on the literary representation of these groups, whose collective identity has a negative meaning, sometimes by the dominant culture, sometimes by the collective social orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the relationship between the countryside and the city, based on a study carried out at the popular Açaí Rampa Fair, Santa Inês Quarter, in Macapá-AP. The place of study is a space that interconnects two distinct and intrinsic realities. The surveys were carried out through qualitative interviews, photographic records, theoretical discussions that supported the analysis of the problem, there is a daily communication and exchange relationship between the areas near the city, especially the Pará Islands, which in turn, streamlines the commercialization of products and merchandise, thus indicating its importance in the local supply flows. The results of the research show an intense incorporation of habits and customs, assimilated both by the extractivist/riverine peasants who market their merchandise at the fair of the port/edge embedded by urban modernity and by the population of the city, which, through the fair, reproduces the relationship traditional and direct contact with the field from the acquisition of in natura products, such as fish, açai and other products, thus preserving common commercial practices in past times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sovereignty is a founding principle of international relations. It shapes the way states address the various topics of the international political agenda. The approach to some issues, though, must be reconsidered, lest sovereignty may impose limits down on their management. The forests are one such topic. It is impossible to restrict the ecological benefits that they generate to the borders of a nation, to the same extent that the damages caused by forest devastation will affect the whole world. The Amazon, which has a major role in bringing balance to planet Earth, should not be claimed as the property of only few countries. Indeed, since the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm, 1972, international society has been trying to make environmental governance more uniform and cohesive. State institutions and legislations have been influenced by this trend, what can be observed in the Forestry Codes of Brazil and France, two Amazon states themselves. This paper's goal is to compare the degree of internationalization attained by environmental legislations in the Amazon territories of Brazil and France - in French Guiana. For this, the comparative-historical analysis and document analysis are adopted, the research being descriptive and explanatory. In the end, it is possible to draw the conclusion that both countries, to varying degrees, have been shaping into the international environmental regime and that French law is the one that is closer to treating the Amazon as a global good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the nineteenth century, the study of geographical distribution was a fundamental piece to understand the close relationship between morphological variation and the geographical distribution of organisms under the perspective that the relationship could finally respond to the debate on whether the species originated by creation or by transmutation. In an independent manner, Wallace as well as Agassiz both studied with great interest the geographical distribution of the Amazonian species, although for completely different purposes. Wallace thought that the geographical distribution could explain how new species emerged from his predecessors, while Agassiz was interested in demonstrating that species emerged from independent acts of creation and remained unchanged. The purpose of this paper was to reflect on why if both had the same empirical evidence they came to such opposite interpretations. It is concluded that it was not only the empirical evidence, but the intellectual influences that both had, the cause that determined their different interpretations of the biogeographic distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper analyzes the southern frontier of the state of Pará and the northern territory of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, close to the river Turiaçu and assesses its importance for the displacement of people and goods during Portuguese colonial rule and in the post-1822 Independence years. The paper investigates the strategic and political relevance of the frontier for travel and transport, correspondence and transport of goods within the context of the Brazilian Indigenes, merchants and the Portuguese and Brazilian governments. The conflicts between inhabitants and settlers are highlighted in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uça crab is an important fishing resource that proportionate the occupation for labor force, as well as income and food for communities living along the mangrove zone all over Brazil. In the municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas, located in the Northeast of Pará, constitutes a fundamental element for subsistence and social reproduction of fishermen communities. This paper characterizes the socio economic profile and assesses the socio environmental perceptions of uça crab hunters of São Caetano de Odivelas. The sample consisting of 31 hunters who answered a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that there is predominance of male work in crab hunting and that the families have been living in the same communities for more than three decades. The level of education is low, indicating that 74% did not finish grade school. The hunting method that predominates is the traditional one using the hands, and sometimes, predatory devices such as a lasso. The environmental problems more often related are the excessive capture, mentioned by 30.65% of the respondents, non-compliance with the closing season (29.03%) and the use of predatory devices (19.35%). This suggests a closer surveillance during the closing season, and implementation of public policies of labor qualification, income generation, conservation of the crab stock and the mangrove ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a conceptual framework, which support ethnographic fieldwork that focus on the presence and the religious dynamics of Protestant Pentecostalism in the Amazon. The hypothesis that epistemologically sustains this work - and the anthropological research projects already in progress and future - formulates the idea that the "caboclo" ethnic-cultural aspect, an 'ideal type' (in the Weberian sense), is a crucial factor in the dynamics of the evangelical process in this region. This conceptual construction is present in theoreticians, such as Eduardo Galvão, Heraldo Maués, Angélica Mota Maués and João de Paes Loureiro - scholars of Amazonian culture. The objective is to study the historical dynamics and to record ethnographically the manifestations of missionary movements, of neo (Pentecostal) churches and also less institutionalized groups, materialized in the strong process of conversion and evangelization of traditional communities (indigenous, riverine, 'caboclos' and peri-urban people). The focus is to analyze the impact of these religious expressions on different types of Amazon socio-cultural groups and how these communities, new converted, re-signify, create and develop new expressions of the sacred, constituting what we are calling 'caboclo Pentecostalism'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of vegetation in many areas from Brazil reduced the ethnoenvironmental and environmental corridors. Such identified dynamics in Rondônia State, in Amazon Region, eliminated the connectivity among indigenous lands. Therefore, that paper aims to propose the delimitation of one area to the installation of an ethno-environmental corridor between Rio Omerê and Tanaru Indigenous Lands located in the southern portion from Rondônia State - Brazil. To reach the objectives applied the terrestrial events modeling of a Geographic Information System (GIS) from the weighting of use and occupation variable, permanent preservation área and slope. Results revealed eight proposals for ethno-environmental corridors, in which the D corridor showed a lower percentage of anthropic areas, 28,40% and the higher percentage of forest area, 71,61%. Besides, it was found that the length of that corridor was about 25 km, width 2.5 km and occupied 61.84km2 of area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the socioeconomic importance for the Amazon, knowledge about the factors that influence the production of Brazil nuts is still incipient. In this paper we evaluate the influence of precipitation and soil texture, flood and depth on seed production. The data were collected in native trees monitored in permanent plots of 9 ha (300 m x 300 m) in the municipality of Caracaraí, Roraima State, for five years. We used Pearson correlation to select the precipitation period and we conclude that the precipitation of September was positively correlated with fruit production. The soil variables were evaluated by ANOVA and we observed that higher precipitations in September, month of transition from dry to rainy season, correlated significantly and positively with seed production. Trees in deep soils with clay loam texture showed higher seed production than those in shallow soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues that the discourse of palm oil production for biodiesel constitutes a frontier ideology. Around it, the representation of space endowed with comparative advantages is reedited. To do so, it is based on data from the United States Department of Agriculture, the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade, and in company reports, as well as interviews with company representatives. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, in the first part examines the palm oil production, consumption and global trade, indicating that it is destined to the food, cosmetics and hygiene industry. The second shows the new frontier ideology promoted by palm oil at the beginning of the 21st century, highlighting the analytical pertinence of this category to interpret territorial dynamics of the Amazonia agrarian space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper assessed the florist composition and vegetation diversity of a stretch of forest called Alto Cajari, within the Extrativist Reserve of the River Cajari, in the municipalities of Mazagão, Laranjal do Jari and Vitória do Jari, in the state of Amapá, Brazil. Twenty-seven 20 x 100 m plots, total area of 5.4 hectares, were investigated. Identification and counts of specimens with DAP ≥ 9 cm. Vegetal typologies in the Alto Cajari predominantly hail from the ecosystems of dense ombrophilous forest and Amazon savannah. The 27 plots comprised 437 specimens, 34 families and 74 species. Fabaceae (15 species), Anacardiaceae (5), Lauraceae and Myrtaceae (4) were highlighted in species richness. The most underscored species were Cecropia palmata Willd. (28), Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth (22), Himatanthus articulatus ( Vahl) Woodson (21), Spondias mombin L. (19), Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth.& Hook. f ex S. Moore (18) and Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd. (18). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the documentary O Acre existe (2013), directed by Bruno Graziano, Milton Leal, Paulo Silva Junior and Raoni Gruber. The goal is to argue how the state of Acre is represented in this film narrative. For the study, the aspects dealt with in the film about the state of Acre are taken into consideration: the Daime, rubber, indigenous, human relations, Chico Mendes, Jabuti Bumbá and the arrival of Haitians to the state. The construction of this mosaic called Acre demonstrates the imaginary maintenance and stereotypes about this place. Characters appear amid the forest, surrounded by animals and rivers, forest spaces and the city are not differentiated, the images produced give idea of emptiness, monotony, slowness and sadness. Religious and cultural aspects involving the Daime, indigenous and merriment Jabuti Bumbá are treated in a fragmented way. But since the purpose of the video is to find out what Acre is and who its inhabitants are, it can be considered a valid effort through the attempt to join parts of an identity flow. To support the studies, the authors Stuart Hall, Ana Pizarro, Luciana Murari, Durval Muniz Albuquerque Junior and Ana Pizarro were cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to carry out a brief description, from field data and cartographic surveys on subsistence activities - carried out by populations of Amazonian fishermen - presenting some categories of territorial analysis that can be worked in the use of natural resources, taking into account the livelihoods of this population, the territorial coverage under the influence of fishing and the mechanisms of territorial representation elaborated with the aid of participatory mapping techniques (SILVA; VERBICARO, 2016). Following this purpose, when analyzing Cajueiro residents - located in the district of Mosqueiro, in the municipality of Belém, in the state of Pará - who practice fishing, we seek to construct a theoretical and technical debate about the survival strategies of these social actors, to identify the territorialities of their respective lifestyle directly linked to the fishing activity; to diagnose how the uses and distribution of the natural resources used by these individuals are; as well as trying to understand how the activities used for subsistence and undertaken by these fishermen are represented, when the resources in question are scarce in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents new records of Sobralia bletiae and S. macrophylla in the Mato Grosso state. Descriptions, taxonomic and ecological commentaries, and a photo board of the studied species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses elements of the drama experienced in relation to the process of deterritorialization and resistance by the peasant families of the villages of Ressaca, Ilha Fazenda and Garimpo do Galo in the Volta Grande of Xingu due to the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric and Volta Grande of Xingu Mining project. Besides the work of direct observation and frequent dialogues with the local residents, interviews were conducted, of which 11 were recorded, in the period between May and July, 2012. It was possible to observe a process of deterritorialization of drastic consequences in which corporations naturalize the consequences in the lives of the people under the argument that the ultimate goal is the common good. This manifestation is emphasized insofar as the State supports the reproduction of the discourse that local populations are barriers to the development and justify the actions that overlap the local way of life, even though they amplify social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings, through a systematic review, a historical perspective on the evolution of the knowledge of the impacts caused by the fires and deforestation on the climate of the Amazon, covering a time series between 1990 and 2015, based on the national and international scientific literature. The search of articles was carried out in two different scientific electronic databases: Capes/Mec Periodical and Scientific Eletronic Library Online-Scielo. The searches were conducted through the use of descriptors, in Portuguese and English, based on the terms contained in the titles or key words of the abstract of the papers. Articles that were outside the geographical boundary were excluded. A total of 779 studies were identified in the two search databases, in which 60 studies were selected, both nationally and internationally, and 48 were removed, with only the studies directly related to the subject being removed. The review made it possible to analyze 12 studies on the impacts of deforestation and burning on the Brazilian Amazonian climate. The impacts caused by anthropogenic actions such as deforestation and burning on the Amazonian climate are widely studied by the scientific community. Significant results from research have helped to understand the role of aerosol particles emitted by the burning during the dry season on the Amazonian ecosystem. Although the studies on the impacts caused on the climate by the fires and deforestation have shown evolution in the production of new knowledge about the interaction between biosphere-atmosphere, the possible climatic effects of the particles of aerosols are not yet fully understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En 1641, periodo de más grande internacionalización de la guerra hispano-holandesa, los Países Bajos invaden la capitanía de Maranhão, obedeciendo a una agenda establecida por los Heren XIX con base en una serie de reportes producidos sobre la región. Esta documentación busca inserir la Amazonia portuguesa en un escenario global, pero también aclara mucho sobre las expectativas neerlandesas con relación a este inmenso territorio. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir, con base en los reportes neerlandeses, cuál es el papel de Maranhão, Grão-Pará y Cabo do Norte en la última fase de la llamada Guerra de Flandes, entre las décadas de 1620 y 1640. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The milk is a product that has a large economic stake in Brazil, the main dairy regions are concentrated in the South and Southeast. However, the state of Rondônia, in the North region, has increased its production and currently ranks among the ten largest milk producers in the country. In this context, the credit has its relevance in the financing of agricultural activities, influencing the growth. The paper analyzes the influence of rural credit in the growth of milk production in the state of Rondônia during the period 1990-2015. For this, we used the shift-share method to decompose the variables of growth rates milk production, breeding of cows milked and productivity. Subsequently, data obtained from the Statistical Rural Credit Yearbook of the Central Bank of Brazil (BACEN) and the Municipal Livestock Survey of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation, in order to observe the financing behavior, in addition, were used for comparison purposes, the data of Constitutional Fund for North financing (FNO) obtained from the Bank of Amazon. The geometric rate of production growth was 6,85% per year, as growth rates in the number of cows milked and productivity were, respectively, 4,95% and 1,8% per annum. The correlation of variables with the credit was positive, getting close values. The elasticity coefficient- credit was higher at the effect in the number of cows milked (0.0785) than in milk productivity (0.0410), showing the sensitivity of this variable to financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The campinas and campinaranas are ecosystems that occupy large areas in the Rio Negro basin. They are associated with specific soil types such as Gleysols and Spodosols, as well as drainage conditions and specific relief forms yielding particulars landscape units. The goals of this paper are to identify and map the major landscape units in the Middle Demi region considering the components soil, topography and vegetation. It was done transect, from the edge to the center of the plateau was drawn, aiming to cover the greatest environmental variation. Along this transect were installed plots for sampling vegetation, pits and augerings boreholes were made for groundwater measuring, soil sampling, and its description and subsequent classification. The results obtained from the transect were extrapolated to larger area through analysis of a Landsat 7 image. In this image it were used contrast techniques, true color and false color composition besides the calculation of the normalized difference vegetation index. Three landscape units were identified: forested campinarana associated with well-drained Spodosols closer the edges of the low plateaus or lines of drainage incision; wooded campinarana related to bad drained Spodosols; and campinas associated to Gleysols in wetlands on the central regions of the plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss the Amazonian regionalism in Fafá of Belém’s song repertoire. The starting point here is that her first album, Tamba-tajá, bequeathed an aesthetic and thematic line that has deeply affected the artist’s career, establishing distance from and return to the audiovisual material of Amazonian nature. Along these lines, the text focuses on her phonographic, video clip, and graphic material production, and highlights the reception of her work by the press, particularly by music critics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a brief reflection on the slopes of cartography, perceived as posture possible for communication research in the Amazon. Front to the particularities of the region from its natural geographical aspects to the historical and social nuances, the mapping is presented as a creative proposition that recognizes the complexity involved in the multiple communication realities found in the region. From a cartographic conduct essentially procedural and wandering, you can mark the place from where you think and establish appropriations conscious and inventive theoretical and methodological perspectives in accordance with the requirements of the study object in thought and for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biological contamination of the water is a serious problem in the Amazon rainforest, which has environmental and public health implications. Thus, this problem is a consequence of the precarious government planning of basic sanitation infrastructure in rural communities and cities. The distances between the residencies in the rural areas make difficult the adoption of centralized systems of collection and sewage treatment. In this context, the dry ecological toilet is an alternative option for decentralized sanitation. However, the prototype developed and implanted in other regions of the country is not appropriate to the characteristics of the Amazon riverside areas, which has periodic flooding, associated to rainy season cycle and the daily tidal flux. In this paper, we discuss the relevancy of the problem and present a proposal to adapt the ecological dry toilet to these areas. Te potentialities of the riverside ecological toilet (BER), as a social technology of decentralized sanitation, are discussed based on monitoring of parameters -- such as odor and the presence of insects -- and of evaluation of subjective and behavioral aspects such as welfare, environmental conscience. These evaluations started with the installation of a prototype at Ilha das Onças, State of Pará, Brazil. We also observe a detailed description of the construction project, including the materials that were used and the cost of the prototype of the riverside ecological toilet. The information are sufficient for replication of this social technology and be useful to encourage new adaptations and improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to understand the information transmission process in a riverside community at the lower Madeira River, Southern Amazon, in Brazil, to help primary health care strategies. Data was collected during four expeditions using open interviews type conversations. Two sociograms were prepared. The results showed a dense network, with leader centrality and, clicks and dominance of weak ties. The analysis results were conjugated to the Matrix FOFA observing that the (i) group strength lies in the centrality, intermediation and proximity with the leader, density and cohesion; (ii) as for Opportunities, the community is open to external contacts; and (iii) as for Weakness, there is few autonomy, low resilience, community dependence on the leader, and (d) as for Threats there are the imposition of external models. The conclusions pointed that information flows from the leader, taking to the network low resilience ability facing external models. This kind of information is relevant for the planning, implementation, evaluation and possible revision of primary health care activities in communities sensible to changes determined by imposed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Amazonas (state, Brazil) is now facing a sharp increase of your cattle. Because it contains a lot of land in its territory to conservation purposes there is a need to think about land use, since the existence in the same space for different purposes that require use of natural resources. To understand the effects of livestock on protected areas is necessary to understand its dynamics when developed on or near these areas. This paper aims to analyze the type of livestock developed in the Sustainable Development Reserve (RDS) Uatumã (AM). In RDS, the livestock sector is marked by low indices. Management techniques are not developed due to lack of funding and support for the rural extension. Except for vaccination against FMD, any support or encouragement is given to them. The spatial arrangement of the activity is defined largely by the grazing areas. The activity depends on the family structure and level of capitalization of the producer. After creating the RDS costs of labor relations have been profoundly altered. The relationship that the government has with the residents of protect area has been more emphasis on repression, prohibition and regulation, and offers few alternatives to substitute activities prohibited by the establishment of the Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on João Loureiro's characterization of the sfumato nature of Amazonian people, in which real and imaginary elements form a single experience, this paper analyzes the interconnection between myth and reality in Órfãos do Eldorado (2008), Milton Hatoum's fourth novel. Understanding Amazonian culture to be imbued with impulses leading to both reason and enchantment, I argue that a transfiguration of the Eldorado myth occurs via its literary redefinition. This phenomenon emerges through dialogue with Constantine P. Cavafy's poem, "Η Πόλις”" 'The City.' Departing from the common portrayal of the Eldorado myth as a search for riches, Hatoum refashions it to represent a search for love. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss the mechanisms of transfer of land tenure in the city of Ponta de Pedras, a small town in the Amazon region, located on the island of Marajó. This research was based on land registry data, from 1899 to 2011, available in the notary's office of the city of Ponta de Pedras, obtained in July 2011 and July 2012. These data were tabulated and it was possible to notice the predominant mechanisms of transfer of land tenure in the City was trade-in (53.5% of total), followed by e emphyteusis (26.6%). We verified that in the urban areas, as well in the rural, only a portion of society is endowed with transfer of land tenure by the municipal government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the relationship between security and development in the defence policies and strategies of the countries of the Organization of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty. The text includes remarks on the Amazon securitization matrix, as well as a brief analysis of defence documents of the Amazonian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of large agricultural projects and cores of colonization in the Amazon makes it possible to problematize the planned policies for the settlement of the region and the impacts caused by them. This paper analyzes the implementation of three different areas of agricultural colonization in the Amazon The first, in the Second Empire, during the second half of the nineteenth century, in the Bragantina region in the northeastern of Pará; the second, in the First Republic, on the border between Brazil and French Guiana, the Cleveland colonial core implanted in Oiapoque in the 1920s; and the last, in the 1970s, during the civil-military dictatorship, with the colonization of the Transamazônica area. Different temporalities and government schemes intertwine to discuss, in a historical perspective, the impacts of the living conditions of local and migrants, and the conflicts which caused social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to present the history and format of a new graduate program in Biosciences (PPGBIO) within the Amazon region, situated on the campus of Oriximiná, located in western Para and linked to the Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA). The PPGBIO is the second program in the Amazon region linked to the Committee of Biological Sciences (CBII) of CAPES, and it presents an innovative format with the co-supervision of professors from the Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cell Biology (PNBC) at the Federal University of Para (UFPA) actingin association with the UFOPA professors. The authors first present the importance of graduate study for the development of the communities that foster it, clearly demonstrating asymmetries in relation to indexes of education and life quality in the Amazon states as compared to Brazilian states with the highest index of human development (HDI). They next indicate the path to implementing the PPGBIO in Oriximiná and Santarém, and then, finally, they discuss the results of the Interdisciplinary Program of Action (PAI) in supporting the deployment of the PPGBIO, the need to recruit students who are better prepared for graduate study, and the importance of offering to master students a graduate education of high quality, especially with respect to relationships with elementary and secondary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes to discuss the relevance of research in urban and regional studies, urban planning and urbanism in the Amazon, and the potential contribution of graduate research to updating development strategies designed for this region. The article is structured around the contrast of data from the S & T policies formatted for the Amazon region, and the guidelines that led to the creation, in 1973, of the Center for Advanced Studies about the Amazon. This literature review and data analysis highlights the expansion of graduate study at UFPA in areas that could have the discussion of cities and urbanization as the focus of interest. It appears that instead of including local cities in a possible development agenda for the Amazon region, the disciplinary character of the guidelines imposed upon the region may be consolidating a tradition of treating urban issues in a segmented fashion, rather than promoting a vision which is necessarily historical and interdisciplinary in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current article is foregrounded on the relevant trajectory of the press as an object of historiographic reflection, with special reference to its geographical expansion in Brazil between the late 19th century and the early 20th century. It was precisely during this period that there was a displacement from the great urban centers and reached far and remote spaces. The paper deals with recent studies on the press in the Amazon underscoring the need for transpositioning of an annoying historiographic silence on the experiences within small villages and towns in the Amazon mobilized by an expanding rubber economy and based on a strong migratory movement to the region´s rubber trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a taxonomic circumscription of Marlierea and three new records of occurrence for the genus in the Brazilian Amazon, two in Brazil, three for the State of Pará and one for the State of Amazonas. Comments on the morphology and affinity of taxa are provided to facilitate recognition of each species, as well as their geographical distribution data and typical environments occurrence of these species in the Amazon region. Recommendations for updating the list of Brazilian Myrtaceae species are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the fact that the Amazon is rich in water resources, its population has difficulty in gaining access to drinking water. The water supply in the islands of Belém (PA) is deficient. Local alternatives that guarantee access to water in adequate quantity and quality represent major challenges. The objective of this paper is to present an experience of integrating two graduate programs in the implementation of alternative rainwater use for potable purposes in order to contribute to the sustainability of the local supply. The socioeconomic characterization and diagnosis of water supported the deployment of the systems. Sustainability was verified by considering the acceptability of and the access to the system, as well as the financial impacts of the water quality standards. In general, the adopted models are positive with respect to the provision of water supply to the riverine populations of the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the peculiarities of Brazilian Amazon, especially the access to information and communication technologies. Particularly, this work discusses the access of urban Amazon to the Internet and it proposes a review of the alleged isolation of the region, where the majority of the population is urban and the access of Internet is growing. It also denies the ideas that lead to the invisibility of the urban in opposite to the centrality of the environment when Amazon is the issue [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the deforestation in the Lábrea, Boca do Acre, Humaitá and Canutama county, located in south of the Amazonas State, Brazil. Furthermore, to characterize the possible economic activities associated with this process, analyze the vegetation, soil types and topography occurs where deforestation and quantify changes in forest conservation areas and rural settlements of those counties. Data deforestation from Program for Deforestation Assessment in the Brazilian Legal Amazonia using remote sensing images and digital image processing techniques, cartographic bases and socio-economic data were used. The technique of cross-tabulation was used to quantify deforestation in different landscapes of the counties studied. Deforestation, social data, as well as the main agricultural and livestock activities are presented and discussed for each of the four counties analyzed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has as purpose present the methodology developed to produce an updated digital map base support for participatory management Mamirauá Reserve of Sustainable Development in the state of Amazonas, Braszil. Because this protected área is situated within an area of flooded forest, both the physical landscape and social organization often change, and the dynamic demand the systematic update of cartographic databases. This work has images of orbital sensors IKONOS II and LANDSAT 5 TM, interviews with users and collecting spatial data in the Mamirauá Reserve. This work obtained a cartographic base at 1:100.000 scale and a geodatabase compatible with the local references, with which is possible to generate thematic maps updated to support dialogue in the sustainable management programs of the Mamirauá Reserve and minimize conflicts with communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th is paper presents a study on the potential of the Amazon to the development of dermocosmetics, using regional materials. Th e study conducts a survey of local capacity to produce knowledge and develop technologies appropriate to the chains andiroba, copaiba and brazilian nuts. Such supply chains are the most prevalent and established in the region, representing an important source of income for much of the regional communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]