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The article focuses on the development of an optoelectronic neuron array device by researchers at UCLA and the California NanoSystems Institute. It is reported that this device allows for nonlinear transmission of spatially incoherent light, achieving significant nonlinear contrast with low-intensity ambient light. It integrates transparent phototransistors (TPTs) and liquid crystal (LC) modulators to create a 10,000-pixel array capable of modulating light amplitude nonlinearly.

The article reports on techniques of spatial-domain filtering. It mentions its regulation of infrared (IR) image-fusion activity as well as application for decomposition of IR source images into a layer by continuous smoothing. An overview of Gaussian filter and its preservation of edge data is also presented.

The article offers information on the growing popularity of deconvolution for optical confocal microscopy due to the combination of advanced algorithms and improved hardware. Topics discussed include importance of deconvolution on image quality and image processing; types of deconvolution including linear, nonlinear and combination of both; and various microscope modalities such as spinning disk, superresolution and two-photon.

The article focuses on the application of tool, Super-resolution optical microscopy. Topics include the use of an electro-optical modulator and a consumer-level graphics card; its usage for fine optical resolution and requirement of more time for imaging process; and its development by researchers from the University of Bielefeld, the Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technology and Friedrich Schiller University.

The article reports on the application of hyperspectral microscopy in biological pathology. Topics discussed include spectral unmixing and other image processing techniques applied to hyperspectral data, and controlling the reflectivity of the mirrors and their spacing in a classic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) configuration.

The article looks at the effectiveness of piezo and hexapod motion systems in improving image stability and resolution. It mentions that image quality can be improved in digital imaging sensors such as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or charge-coupled device (CCD) chips if there is negligible issue related to electrical noise.

The article discusses the deployment of aircraft and satellite-based imaging systems in monitoring terrestrial vegetation and soil moisture. Topics discussed include the resolution of imaging systems, the accuracy of measurement, and the strong dependence of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in using image-processing algorithm in converting satellite imaging data.

The article discusses the essentials of the atomic-force microscopy (AFM) quantitative imaging (QI) mode. It describes the QI mode as a force-curve-based imaging methodology. It indicates that one advantage of the QI methodology is the capability of making images of samples in liquids. It suggests that the QI mode is ideal for both high resolution and force sensitivity.

The article discusses the significance of an effective vibration reduction in stabilizing laser beams. Vibration-control systems could provide improvements to the vibration stability of optoelectronic applications; however, one should pay attention to the vibration environment, reduce acoustical impact and remove unnecessary sources of vibration from the isolated platform and immediate vicinity.

The article discusses the developments in high-resolution image processing of satellite and airborne remote sensors and its significance on managing natural and manmade resources and disasters. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, which are active sensors that provide a high-spatial resolution over wide areas despite weather or other conditions. The European Union (EU) has employed such technologies to enhance the ability to monitor the Earth for environmental and security purposes.

The article talks about important details to be considered in selecting a high speed three dimensional machine vision system. With these kind of systems, components become more critically significant to the system as a whole because each part is being asked to perform at a much more intense level. However, if an imbalance will occur, this will result to poor-quality images. Thus, the author recaps several considerations including the camera systems, image acquisition, and illumination.

The article presents information on sophisticated approaches in image processing for facial recognition. Organizations involved with government antiterrorism and corporate security want to recognize people using biometrics of some sort. Facial recognition typically involves several tasks. Verification checks that a sample matches a reference, such as whether a traveler's face matches his passport photo. Identification compares a sample to a number of references to look for a match. From a 2-D image, a morphable model estimates the shape of a face.

Discusses how morphological operators aid nonlinear filtering of color images in the United States. Definition of color images in terms of a red, green, and blue component; Application of electronic imaging techniques to a color image; Color dilation.

Discusses how image processing advances display metrology in the United States. Advantages of automated display inspection systems; Image-processing algorithms; Challenges presented by liquid-crystal displays for autoamted metrology.

Discusses the development of genetically engineered bioluminescence that enables optical imaging of the spread of disease, the effectiveness of drug therapies and the expression of genetic traits inside of living animals. Use of color filters to reveal additional information about the depth and distribution of the illuminated cells; Ability of bioluminescent imagers to provide pictorial information about molecular activity within cells; Use of image-intensified charge coupled device cameras.

Discusses the adoption of a novel image-enhancement techniques for mask inspection. Typical mask defects; Three main mask-inspection methods; Reticule inspection system; Techniques to enable subwavelength patterning; Phase-shift masks in which the light from adjacent features undergoes phase inversion to increase contrast and enhance resolution.

Discusses the development of multispectral mosaicked focal-plane arrays. Potential advantages of mosaicked multispectral image acquisition; Selection of spectral bands; Choice of tessellation mechanism; Design of array patterns in which different spectral bands are arranged for optimal performance.

Describes the use of the three-color Selective Stereo Gradient Method, a security-sensitive machine-vision solution for real-time classification of moving objects, in detecting counterfeit coins. Use of the method within an image-processing algorithm for validating 2-Euro coins while they were in motion; Classification of objects by their topological three-dimensional information.

Provides information on selecting components for image processing. Why components can vary from system to system; Categories of components; Reminders for the selection. INSET: Speeding images for cardiac patients.

Focuses on the application of the Power Processing Module-Area Parameter Accelerator frame-grabber in real-time image analysis. Algorithm segments; Features of the frame-grabber technology; Mechanism for image analysis; Operation of the technology as a power-processing adjunct; Other potential applications.

Focuses on the benefits of using peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus for image processing applications. Features of the PCI bus; Advantages over other computer buses; Applications to digital cameras; Application to color frame grabbers and full-color imaging.

Presents a directory of suppliers of image processing equipment. Cases, containers and enclosures; Complete image-processing systems; Display controllers; Frame grabbers; Character generators; Image-analysis equipment; Image converters; Image digitizers; Image dissectors; Image-enhancement systems; Image intensifiers; Image inverters; Image processors.

Focuses on the role of laser-based marking systems incorporating automated vision systems in achieving the quality and consistency of the marking process in semiconductor- and electronics-assembly. Benefits of laser-marked barcodes; Uses of laser marking systems; Machine vision and laser marking; Processing steps.

Focuses on the benefits of improvements in the performance/cost ratio for image processing functions for specialized applications in real-time video image enhancement. Difference between image enhancement and image reconstruction; Background to the development of digital-image processing; Future applications.

The article discusses the growth in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology poised for growth in embedded vision and image processing applications. Topics discussed include progress in terms of computational capacity, data accumulation, and improvements in mathematical tools; focus of AI on the ability to analyze images from vision systems; and use of tools such as embedOS from ARM.

The article discusses the development of a waveguide-based wedge that is capable of removing the need for color pixel filters and dividing backlight power consumption by researchers at Microsoft Corp. in Redmond, Washington. The waveguiding optic is seen as a potential approach to display backlighting by using a minimal number of light emitting diodes (LEDs). The waveguide-based wedge direct lights from LEDs into a planar and collimated beam, resulting to a high-efficiency display backlight.

The article reports on the research conducted at the Institut für Technische Optik in Stuttgart, Germany which shows that tomographic imaging can reveal the refractive-index destribution of a photonic-crystal (PC) fiber. Researchers used a diffraction-tomography algorithm which is based on the Fourier-diffraction theorem where it allows refraction and small diffraction effects in reconstructing the profile for PC fibers. The details of the study are also presented.

The article reports on the move of U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission to find Earth-like extrasolar planets and capture their light for spectroscopic analysis. Researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology have demonstrated a coronagraph in the laboratory that would be capable of imaging an Earth-like planet orbiting another star. The setup relies on multiple images with image processing.

The article focuses on the importance of structured light such as dots, dot matrices, grids and circles for machine-vision applications. A laser line can be shown from the object and analyzed by a camera to determine the surface profile of an object under study. In addition, fine lines are used to generate a good spatial resolution. It is recommended that the laser optic should be focused by hand and then secured in position for optimal projection quality to avoid errors in measurement.

The article provides information on the optical image delay technique that uses slow-light medium. According to the author, the image delay technique that preserves the phase and amplitude of the stored image has great potential in image processing, holography, and quantum-information applications. It is claimed that even at very low light levels of less than one photon on average per pulse, the delayed images have low background noise and high signal to noise ratio.

The article focuses on the importance of resolution and speed balance for a particular digital-camera application. To properly balance resolution and speed for digital cameras, a thorough technological understanding of the performance and limitations of digital image sensors is necessary. Other factors affecting tradeoff include the sensor architecture, dynamic range and overall camera cost.

The article reports on the development of the simple camera-and-software that is potentially usable on any large high-quality ground-based telescope by the researchers at the Max Plank Institute for Astronomy in Germany. The system was designed to reduce the cost of near-diffraction-limited astronomical telescopes. Also, the system employ a technique they call lucky imaging, in which useful images are snapped during the brief stretches of time when the image is least affected by turbulence.

The article focuses on a research study about optical filters related to image processing. Studies have shown that certain marine animals actually use polarization to improve their underwater vision. This knowledge has been expanded upon and improved by researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel, who have developed a computer-vision approach that combines mathematics with polarization filtering optics to remove degradation effects in underwater images. By associating polarization with the prime visibility disturbance that has to be deleted from the object, the image can be reconstructed rather than merely enhanced.

Focuses on the popularity of machine vision. Advancement in sensor and processor technology; Reduction in the price of digital cameras and personal computers; Requirement of precision vision systems.

Demonstrates how a phase-only liquid-crystal display patterned with a helical structure can be used as vortex lens in a study at San Diego State University. Ability of the device to create donuts of light; Description of an optical vortex; Potential use of votes for image processing.

Describes the monochrome machine-vision system used by Comact Optimization Inc. at a sawmill which determines the optimum cuts for a tree trunk, based on laser-triangulation measurements. Choice of machine vision; Cameras used for inspection; Lasers performing triangulation calculations; Image-acquisition board. INSET: Making the grade.

Relates that researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology are working with a local bakery to develop a machine-vision system to automatically inspect freshly-baked sandwich buns. Application of digital imaging technology to large-scale production of sandwich buns on a production line; Image processing system to evaluate criteria such as color, shape, size and seed distribution.

Reports on the use of an image-processing technique to achieve an effective 0.8 A of resolution through a 1.0-A transmission electron microscope. Resolution of columns in the compound lithium cobalt oxide.

Reports on research at the Los Alamos National Laboratory on image processing technologies for potential homeland security applications in the U.S. Software system based upon evolutionary computation methods used in the research; Image-processing solutions proposed by researchers.

Reports on a single-chip analog image processing system that sorts colors demonstrated by researchers at Iguana Robotics and John Hopkins University at the IEEE International Solid State Conference in February 2002. Applications of the system; Features of the analog chip; Division of the color space used by the researchers.

The article reports on the research from Varennes, Quebec-based Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) on compressed optical-streaking ultra-high-speed photography (COSUP) and its potential in enhancing the imaging speeds of complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) cameras.

The article focuses on the interoferometric absorption design developed by the researchers at Qualcomm MEMS Technologies in San Jose, California aimed for ambient light applications. It mentions that the interoferometric configuration is consist of individual microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-actuated pixels comprised of a mirror, a thin-metallic absorbing layer. It discusses how the interferometric absorption functions.

The article discusses the research conducted by researchers from Peking University in Beijing, China which examined the combination of three techniques to provide high spatial and temporal resolution. It outlines the three techniques including quantum dot (QD), spectrum isolation, and super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) which is called as joint tagging. It notes that the technique enables suppression of artefacts, and results in high-fidelity image reconstruction.

The article focuses on a biomimetic image-processing algorithm developed by researchers at Lund University that dramatically improves the quality of dimlight video. The factor of transducer noise and dark noise in quantum fluctuations that limit achievable signal-to-noise ratio when photon absorption rates are low is stated. The use of algorithm from medical imaging to surveillance is also cited.

The article reports on the development of the spherically curved complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) also known as charge-coupled devices (CCD) from several researchers which improves the image quality. Topics mention including the photolithography processing, slightly spherically curve sensor arrays and using the special shaped mold.

The article reports on the work by researchers at image processing company Spectral Edge which utilizes the Eyeteq image-processing algorithm to allow individuals with color vision deficiency (CVD) to better see colors in still and video images.

The article focuses on the Seidel aberrations characterized for Gabor superlens (GSL) by R. Hamilton Shepard of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts. It states that a GSL is a type of compound lens and consists of two or more individual lenslet arrays. It mentions the creation of the images through lenslets.

The article focuses on the development of a new way of capturing images based on disposable polymer sheet by Oliver Bimber and colleagues at Johannes Kepler University in Linz, Austria. Fluorescent molecules are being used in the new imager for capturing the incoming light and channeling a portion of it to an array of sensors framing the sheet. Moreover, placing the new sensor in front of a conventional high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor is also considered by the researchers.

The article discusses the function of the new digital camera technology launched by Lytro which allows focus adjustments after taking the picture. It says that the light-field camera records geometric light ray distribution that reach every pixel in every exposure to the camera. It adds that final images are processed by tracing the light rays using a software to the virtual focal plane.

The article focuses on the efficiency of using the highly sensitive photorefractive (PR) holography in order to achieve a purely optical image reconstruction of biological tissues. It has been cited that digital holography (DH) has been advantageous in conducting a depth-selective optical sampling of biological tissues. However, the limitations of DH to introduce mathematical artifacts has led to the replacement of DH with highly sensitive PR holography.