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The article presents U.S. legal cases and developments in marketing relative to the regulation of channels of distribution. In reference to the operating features of marketing institutions the Woodbury Daily Times Co., Inc., et al. v. Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service, et al., the Argus Inc. and Interphoto Corp. v. Eastman Kodak Co., et al., and the California Furniture Co., Inc. v. Rhodes, Inc. and Kincaid Furniture Co., Inc. cases are cited. In reference to the relations between buyers and sellers the Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corp. v. Esprit De Corp. and Federated Department Stores, Inc., the Robert R. Koefoot, M.D., et al. v. American College of Surgeons, et al., The Victoria House, Inc. v. Fisher Camuto Corp., and the Nordic Bank, et al. v. The Trend Group, et al. cases are cited.

The article presents U.S. legal cases and developments in marketing relative to the regulation of channels of distribution. In reference to the relations between buyers and sellers the Gillette Tire Jobbers of Louisiana, Inc. v. Appliance Industries, Inc. et al., the Metrix Warehouse, Inc. v. Daimler-Benz A.G. and Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., the Mozart Co. v. Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., the Computer Place, Inc. v. Hewlett-Packard Co. and Computerland, Inc., the Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corp. v. Esprit De Corp. and Federated Department Stores, Inc., and the Paul Bender et al. v. Southland Corp. cases are cited.

The article discusses the aspects of tendering apology by an offender to the victim in the current legal practice in U.S. in the restorative and retributive models. It states several types of apologies including apology from medical profession on medical treatment, from companies to customer on the customer service and apology may become an admission of guilt complicating the legal issue. It notes difficult to integrate apology in the legal system wherein medical profession found a way for it.

Preparing (drafting) a contract is a difficult endeavor as we attempt to create a certain sequence of events in an uncertain future. However, certain tips may assist in this process. The Bible contains ancient wisdom that is relevant to modern contracts. This article begins with the Bible and moves through modern Tips (suggestions) based upon U.S. law. Of course, one should involve experienced legal counsel when preparing and reviewing contracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing, specifically procedural and miscellaneous developments. The case International Raw Materials, Ltd. v. Stauffer Chemical Co., et al. is discussed, it which it was determined that the antitrust exemption for associations of exporters applies even if membership includes foreign corporations. Details related to the United States Federal Trade Commission planning of regulations to prohibit pay-per-call telephone service abuse and the United States Department of Justice's adoption of a pilot program for U.S. business review procedures are discussed. The case American Agricultural Movement et al. v. The Board of Trade of the City of Chicago, et al. is also discussed.

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of channels of distribution. In regard to operating features of marketing institutions, the article discusses Tunis Brothers Co., et al. v. Ford Motor Co., et al. where the court found insufficient proof that Ford's market power would injure interbrand competition and returned the case to the lower court for trial on the claim of fraud. In another case, Dr. Pepper/Seven-Up Companies, Inc. et al. v. Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the court found for the FTC, which had denied interim distribution licenses but had not caused irreparable harm to the concerned companies. Several other cases are discussed in terms of legal implications in marketing.

The article presents U.S. legal cases and developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. In reference to price discrimination the Monahan's Marine, Inc. v. Boston Whaler, Inc., et al. case is cited. The case focused on price discrimination and the restraint of trade. In 1988 the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) charged six book publishers with price discrimination on the basis of violating the Robinson-Patman Act. In reference to price control the Tafford E. Oltz v. St. Peter's Community Hospital case is cited. The case focused on conspiracy of restraint of trade.

The article presents U.S. legal cases and developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. In 1988 the U.S. Federal Trade Commission proposed several changes to the Robinson-Patman Act. In reference to price discrimination the Rankin County Cablevision v. Pearl River Valley Water Supply District, et al. case is cited. The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi ruled that cable television is not a commodity in reference to unlawful price discrimination under the Robinson-Patman Act. In reference to price control the USA Petroleum Co. v. Atlantic Richfield Co. case is cited. In this case the court ruled that maximum resale price fixing is illegal.

The article presents U.S. legal developments and cases in marketing relative to the regulation of channels of distribution. In reference to the operating features of marketing institutions the Richard J. Kowalski, et al. v. Chicago Tribune Co., Alpha Shoe Service, et al. v. Fleming Companies, Inc., L. J. Drieling Motor Co., et al. v. Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., et al., and Steve L. McKenzie, D.O. v. Mercy Hospital of Independence, Kansas cases are cited. In reference to the relations between buyers and sellers the Crane & Shovel Sales Corp. v. Bucyrus-Erie Co., et al. and the Wells Real Estate, Inc. v. Greater Lowell Board of Realtors, et al. cases are cited.

The article presents legal developments in marketing with particular focus on the regulation of price competition. One of the developments describes the case of Rose Confections Inc. v. Ambrosia Chocolate Co., which showed that manufacturers must be aware of an intermediary's distribution area when offering incentives to other competing intermediaries. Another development discusses the case of Greggar S. Isaksen dba Applewood Stove Works v. Vermont Castings Inc., in which the court found that harassment of a distributor by a supplier in order to maintain suggested retail prices does not constitute a conspiracy.

The article discusses legal developments in marketing with focus on the regulation of channels of distribution. One of the developments describes the case of Empire Volkswagen Inc. v. World-Wide Volkswagen Corp., which shows that an automobile dealership agreement may prelude selling competing automobiles from the same location as the manufacturer's automobiles. Another development discusses the case of Patrick W. Sharkley v. Security Bank & Trust Co. This case illustrates that a bank's insistence that a customer purchase real estate to secure a loan for the purchase of other real estate is a violation of the antitying provisions of the Bank Holding Act.

The article presents legal developments in marketing with particular focus given to the regulation of channels of distribution. One of the developments describes the case of Argus Inc., et al. v. Eastman Kodak Co., which shows that a confidentiality agreement between two manufacturers that unlawfully retrains trade does not necessarily cause injury to a distributor of competing products. Another development describes the case of John C. Meehan v. PPG Industries Inc. It was found in this case that a manufacturer's contract to pay patent royalties beyond the life of the patent is unenforceable.

The article presents legal developments in marketing with particular focus given to the regulation of channels of distribution. One development describes the case of Jules Link, et al. v. Mercedes-Benz of North America Inc., et al., which focused on standardized time for non-warranty repairs on automobiles. Another case, that of O.S.C. Corp. v. Apple Computer Inc., focused on the ban of mail orders of its retail distributors. A third development describes the case of The Great Escape Inc. v. Union City Body Co. Inc., et al., which focused on an exclusive deal arrangement between the two companies.

The article presents legal developments in marketing with particular focus given to the regulation of price competition. Two of the developments describe the case of Ricky Hasbrouck, d/b/a Rick's Texaco, et al. v. Texaco Inc., and the U.S. Federal Trade Commission's case against the Boise Cascade Corp. Both cases discuss price discrimination. Two other cases describe the U.S. Court of Appeals decision in Business Electronics Corp. v. Sharp Electronics Corp. and the case of James P. Donahue, et al. v. Pendleton Woolen Mills Inc. Both of these cases dealt with price control.

The article presents U.S. legal cases and developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. In reference to price discrimination the C.E.D. Mobilphone Communications, Inc. v. Harris Corp. case is cited. In reference to price control the World of Sleep, Inc. v. La-Z-Boy Chair Co., et al., the George Pierce et al. v. Ramsey Winch Co., the Landmark Development Corp., et al. v. Chambers Corp., et al., the Northwest Publications Inc., v. John D. Crumb, et al., and the Gilchrist Machinery Co., Inc. v. Komatsu America Corp., et al. cases are cited.

The article presents the author's insights regarding the characteristics of a virtuous leader, who is superior to rules leader, and mentions topics including superiority of virtues to rules, virtues for an ethical leader, and the Biblical principles of leadership.

The article discusses privilege and privacy issues surrounding the use of e-mail in litigation including confidentiality of e-mail communications and attorney-client relationship.

If an employer lies about prospective employment or the duration and conditions of employment, what remedy does an employee have? What happens if there are unforeseen general economic or business specific changes? The basic problem for the employee is the lack of a specific contract with legally sufficient consideration and also the inherent nature of the employment-at-will doctrine. Courts are reluctant to create a wrongful termination cause of action if the employer aggressively asserts the two basic defenses of employment-at-will and the lack of a specific employment contract. This article provides a general overview of some successful litigation involving promises of employment. However, many traps for employees, such as compensation plans, are also briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. legal standards for determining civil incompetency resulting a guardianship and criminal insanity reflect implicit public policy considerations. This article briefly reviews the typical contemporary legal standards and provides a list of public policy issues deserving of an expanded societal discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having won a court judgment, the entrepreneur must now attempt to collect it. This article begins with some Biblical examples and provides practical tips for successfully collecting judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents representative quotations regarding various concepts of leadership including corrupt leadership, leadership traits and, leadership training, which are extracted from the judicial opinions of various courts in the U.S.

The article discusses the guidelines from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) regarding underreported income tax liability and spouses who have been subjected to emotional and physical abuse. Topics discussed include an overview of the three Supreme Court decisions about the innocent spouse issue and United State Tax Court decisions, the examination of Federal Court of Appeal decisions from 2010 to 2013, and the revenue procedure of the IRS.

The article offers the author's insights on cases of civil asset of forfeiture and discusses several U.S court case decisions. Among the cases mentioned include the Ward v. Village of Monroeville, the Whren v. United States, and the Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Burlington.

The author presents insights on a relational leader. He states that a relational leader is God-fearing which serves as an anchor that informs and provides perspective for all other activities. He cites the virtues of a good relational leader, which include humility, has self-control, merciful and courageous. He claims that relational leaders constantly connect with their inner self and to God before connecting to employees.

The article presents an analysis of the intellectual property issues raised by undergraduate research and student-created business ideas. It discusses the changes in the U.S. intellectual property law that directs the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office under the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act. It mentions that universities should be careful while creating and implementing policies related to the undergraduate research and development.

The article reviews the limitations already placed upon outrageous speech in the U.S. Particular focus is given to the Snyder v. Phelps and U.S. v Alvarez decisions and the legal issues which is associated with the contemporary regulation of outrageous speech directed at individuals that do not hold political office under the fighting words doctrine. It also looks at the broad implications for First Amendment jurisprudence and the need to craft a statute allowing to right to private grief protected from outrageous conduct at funerals.

The article attempts to give an objective of factual basic for a range of beliefs which influenced the legal system in the U.S. It offers an overview of conservative Christian religious cultural norms and the U.S. law. It describes a distinction between true belief and modernism. It argues that the only way to prevent drunkenness was to prohibit the sale of alcohol which did occur in the U.S. by Constitutional Amendment from 1920 -1933. It outlines the governmental activity that promotes but does not establish religion.

The article presents information on the privacy rights of the anonymous posters on the websites of newspapers with respect to the fundamental rights of a person's autonomy and freedom. It discusses the issue with reference to the First Amendment protection of the U.S. Constitution and subpoenas and also states the difference the difference between informational privacy and decisional privacy. It further discusses Freedom of Information and the protection of individuals regarding personal data and also the free movement of data under the U.S. law as well as the European law. Information on the use of online public information and their privacy is also presented.

The article examines the aspects of the struggle on dominion over the oceans and the balance environmentalism, spoils, and seaweed. It considers international treaty and the binding recognized decisions as the sole means to become Admiral of the Ocean Sea except if nations would prefer to pursue costly wars for natural resources and contest just as in colonial times. It suggests that all treaties should deal with territorial and mineral claims to come up with beneficial and peaceful resources development.

The article focuses on Libel tourism, a section of court which might rule in plaintiff's favor and also informs about the defamation laws in the U.S. As stated, a federal law was enacted in 2010 to protect U.S. citizens from judgments of other countries. Several instances of enforcement of foreign judgments by the courts in the U.S. are also presented. Limit of the act to prevent U.S. citizens outside the country border is also discussed.

The article discusses the legal issues related to people who voluntarily became socially stigmatized with tattoos and piercings and those who are involuntarily stigmatized due to criminal convictions in the U.S. It points out that an employment or housing policy on tattoos is considered a shorthand manner of avoiding possible liability to third parties and customer dislikes. It notes that the courts will not impose liability according to insufficient security in crimes committed by one tenant against another tenant. It points out that the landlords may apply fee services to screen prospective tenants based on their credit history, criminal record, and employment record. It explains the relevance of the consistent enforcement of an employer's appearance or piercing ban.

The article focuses on the issue of retaliation claims under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act in the Crawford v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville Supreme Court case. It offers insights on two discriminatory retaliation cases ruled by the U.S. Supreme Court in the Spring 2008, CBOS West v. Humphries and Gomez-Perez v. Potter. It also notes the extent to which Title VII should protect third parties participating in company investigations of sexual harassment in the workplace. Furthermore, it notes whether Christians should speak-up on these kinds of investigations.

The article examines the historical aspect of the struggle for dominion over the oceans, the importance to balance environmentalism, seaweed and spoils. It states that the Seaweed Rebellion, a modern conflict regarding offshore drilling, highlights the contemporary federal-state relations on the ocean. It also emphasizes the importance of international treaty and united recognized decision that address mineral and territorial claims to allow peaceful and beneficial development of natural resources.

This paper presents a technique for modeling and simulating power converters which contain nonlinear elements such as saturable inductors. Each nonlinear element is modeled by an ideal sampler, a variable gain, and a clamp. A state variable is added for each nonlinearity. A homogeneous state model is then formulated for the power converter. This state model is solved using a state transition matrix ap proach. A jump matrix J is utilized to account for the ideal sampler operations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The successful transplantation of human organs has created a shortage of the precious commodity. One solution to this problem is to commercialize the exchange process for transplantable organs. What role should marketers play in this scenario? This article reviews the issue's historical setting, examines the present debate, and examines the major options for securing these scarce medical resources. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although attention to product liability has been traditionally focused on the producer, the judicial gaze is being turned with greater frequency toward marketing's participation in consumer harm. Unlike recent efforts (Morgan 1982), this article takes marketing liability beyond the limits of simply misrepresentation to a "new" problem of encouraged consumer misuse of products. In particular, the doctrine of invited misuse represents a hallmark transition to the sharing of blame by those who promote products in a manner that invites product misuse. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of channels of distribution. In regard to operating features of marketing institutions, the article discusses the ongoing case of Town Sound and Custom Tops, Inc., et al. v. Chrysler Motors Corp. where independent auto radio makers have sued Chrysler for making their own radios a standard feature in their cars. The article discusses tying, alternative radio options, barriers to market entry, etc.. In regard to relations between buyers and sellers, the article discusses the legality of the tying agreement in Fletcher L. Thompson et al. v. Metropolitan Multi-List, Inc., et al.. In Datagate, Inc., v. Hewlett-Packard Co., the article discusses the inability of Datagate to prove antitrust injury.

The article presents legal developments in marketing relating to the regulation of channels of distribution. Regarding exclusive dealing arrangements and relations between buyers and sellers, the case of William L. Manion, M. D. v. George Evans, M. D. is discussed, in which it was ruled that the Health Care Quality Improvement Act does not provide immunity from suits against physician peer review committees but only from monetary damages. The case of U.S. Healthcare, Inc. et al. v. Healthsource, Inc. et al. is also discussed, in which it was held that a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) contract provisions offering physicians higher capitalization payments in exchange for an agreement not to participate in any other HMO was not a group boycott.

The article presents legal developments in marketing relating to the regulation of price competition. Regarding price discrimination, the case of Reserve Supply Corp. v. Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corp. and CertainTeed Corp. is discussed, involving the limitations imposed by the Robinson-Patman Act on companies' pricing flexibility. The case of Barr Laboratories, Inc. v. Abbott Laboratories is discussed, in which it was found that a pharmaceutical manufacturers' contracts with warehouse chain drugstores that give discounts for volume purchases do not constitute unlawful primary-line price discrimination. Regarding price control, the case of Reed Paper Co. v. Procter & Gambling Distributing Co. is discussed, involving allegations of price fixing.

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. The article discusses the significance of Oreman Sales, Inc. v. Matsushita Electric Corporation of America (Panasonic Industrial Company) and its impact on interpretation of the protection of competition in the price discrimination section of the Robinson-Patman Act. The article notes the court's movement away from more individual protection of competitors towards a general protection of competition. In regard to price control, the article notes Burkhalter Travel Agency v. McFarms International, Inc., where the court clarified the requirements of parties to a class action suit, including the need for parties to be direct purchasers if the charge is price fixing.

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of channels of distribution. The article discusses U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) action against the Boise Cascade Corporation, who had knowingly received unlawful discounts unavailable to its competitors. The article presents the history of the case. The FTC found primary line or "seller level" injury, which relates to market power, as well as secondary line or "buyer level" injury, which relates to competing purchasers. The article discusses the implications and the potential future of this action.

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of price competition. Regarding price discrimination, the article discusses Maier-Schule GMC, Inc. v. General Motors Corp. (GMC Truck and Bus Group), et al. and a truck dealer's lack of knowledge of the Robinson-Patman Act, which put him in a difficult position when it came to trial. He had not purchased trucks from GMC over the course of the previous year and was no longer considered a customer under the provisions of the Act. In regard to price control, the article discusses the Trustee of the Bankruptcy Estate of John Peterson, et al. v. General Motors Corp., where an automobile manufacturer was accused of price fixing because of a series of interactions with a discounting auto dealer.

The article presents information on legal developments in marketing relative to the regulation of channels of distribution. The article discusses two cases as they relate to the operating features of marketing institutions. In Seagood Trading Corp. et al. v Martin-Brower Co. et al., the article discusses the court's dismissal of charges brought against Martin-Brower by Seagood Trading Corp. when Martin-Brower refused to store and deliver food products. The court ruled on behalf of Martin-Brower. The article also discusses Key Enterprises of Delaware, Inc. v. Venice Hospital, et al. where the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit found that the hospital's agreement with a home health agency was an illegal coercive reciprocal dealing. Marketing implications of the case are discussed.