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1. Temperature gradient based annealing methodology for tungsten recrystallization kinetics assessment,Fusion Engineering and Design

Author: Lemetais, Maxime, Lenci, Matthieu, Maurice, Claire, Devictor, Timothée, Durif, Alan, Minissale, Marco, Mondon, Marilyne, Pintsuk, Gerald, Piot, David, Gallais, Laurent, Richou, Marianne, Kermouche, Guillaume, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Science des Matériaux et des Structures (SMS-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, IRFM - Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique - CEA Cadarache, FRESNEL - Institut FRESNEL - Aix Marseille Université, PIIM - Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires - Aix Marseille Université, and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH - Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung
Subjects: Softening, [PHYS]Physics [physics], High-temperature annealing, Hardness, Characterization, Recrystallization, Laser-based annealing, Thermonuclear fusion, Tungsten, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; In future thermonuclear fusion reactors, like ITER and DEMO, plasma-facing components with tungsten armor material will have to sustain high thermal fluxes (10 MW/m² in steady state and 20 MW/m² in quasi-steady-state). For such extreme conditions, tungsten may reach temperatures higher than 1000 °C and, consequently can be prone to recrystallize, which can limit the lifetime of the divertor targets under cycling thermal loadings. Characterization of recrystallization kinetics involves the use of different methods and devices (furnace, laser heating) depending on the annealing temperature regime to be analyzed. For these methods, the heating and the subsequent characterization of around 10 samples (5 × 4 × 4 mm) per annealing temperature is needed. In this article, a method is proposed to quantify the recrystallization kinetics between 1300 °C and 1600 °C using a limited number of samples and heating conditions. The basic idea is to induce a steady-state temperature gradient in tungsten rods by heating one side of the rod using a laser heating system. Tungsten rods (50 × 4 × 5 mm) were annealed with this method. The resulting microstructures are characterized using optical microscopy and hardness measurements. The different stages of tungsten softening are clearly evidenced. These first results can be considered as a proof of concept for the use of such a methodology to assess tungsten recrystallization at high temperature.
Published: 2023

2. Mixed formulation for an easy and robust numerical computation of sorptivity

Author: Laurent Lassabatere, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Deniz Yilmaz, Joseph Pollacco, Jesús Fernández-Gálvez, Borja Latorre, David Moret-Fernández, Simone Di Prima, Mehdi Rahmati, Ryan D. Stewart, Majdi Abou Najm, Claude Hammecker, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Munzur University, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), school of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Maragheh, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), This research has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant no. ANR-17-CE04-010)., ANR-17-CE04-0010,INFILTRON,Dispositif INFILTRON pour une évaluation des fonctions infiltration & filtration des sols urbains dans un contexte de gestion des eaux pluviales(2017), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Latorrre Garcés, Borja, and Moret-Fernández, David
Subjects: water-retention, model, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil transfer parameters, beerkan estimation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, infiltration, hydraulic conductivity, time, General Environmental Science, flow equation
Abstract: 21 Pags.- 8 Figs.- 2 Tabls. © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License., Sorptivity is one of the most important parameters for the quantification of water infiltration into soils. Parlange (1975) proposed a specific formulation to derive sorptivity as a function of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions, as well as initial and final soil water contents. However, this formulation requires the integration of a function involving hydraulic diffusivity, which may be undefined or present numerical difficulties that cause numerical misestimations. In this study, we propose a mixed formulation that scales sorptivity and splits the integrals into two parts: the first term involves the scaled degree of saturation, while the second involves the scaled water pressure head. The new mixed formulation is shown to be robust and well-suited to any type of hydraulic function – even with infinite hydraulic diffusivity or positive air-entry water pressure heads – and any boundary condition, including infinite initial water pressure head. Lastly, we show the benefits of using the proposed formulation for modeling water into soil with analytical models that use sorptivity., This work was performed within the INFILTRON project supported by the French National Research Agency. This research has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant no. ANR-17-CE04-010).
Published: 2023

3. Meeting the Contact-Mechanics Challenge

Author: Alexander I. Bennett, Hossein Ashtari Esfahani, Daniele Dini, Francesco Bottiglione, Joseph Monti, Kathryn L. Harris, Luciano Afferrante, Yang Xu, G. Vorlaufer, Soheil Solhjoo, András Vernes, Amir Rostami, J. A. Greenwood, Saleh Akbarzadeh, W. Gregory Sawyer, Mahmoud Kadkhodaei, Kyle D. Schulze, Thomas E. Angelini, Lars Pastewka, Peter Ifju, Martin H. Müser, Mark O. Robbins, Jiunn-Jong Wu, Wolf B. Dapp, Sean Rohde, Romain Bugnicourt, Antonis I. Vakis, Giuseppe Carbone, Robert L. Jackson, Nicolas Lesaffre, Ton Lubrecht, Philippe Sainsot, Jeffrey L. Streator, Bo N. J. Persson, Simon Medina, Saarland University, John von Neumann Institüt für Computing (NIC), DESY ZEUTHEN-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC), Manufacture Française des Pneumatiques Michelin, Société Michelin, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Isfahan University of Technology, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), AC2T Res GmbH, Viktro Kaplan Str 2-C, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria, University of Groningen [Groningen], Auburn University (AU), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Imperial College London, Polytechnic University of Bari, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Advanced Production Engineering, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-DESY ZEUTHEN, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Technology, Engineering, Chemical, Materials science, Scale (ratio), SOLIDS, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, FINITE, Coatings and Films, Engineering, ROUGH SURFACES, RUBBER-FRICTION, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanical Engineering & Transports, Nominally flat surfaces, 0912 Materials Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ADHESIVE CONTACT, Science & Technology, RANGE, Mechanical Engineering, Modeling, Adhesion, Contact mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Function (mathematics), Gauge (firearms), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Strength of materials, Surfaces, Engineering, Mechanical, MODEL, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS, ELASTIC CONTACT, 0210 nano-technology, Algorithm, Distribution (differential geometry), Asperity (materials science), 0913 Mechanical Engineering
Abstract: This paper summarizes the submissions to a recently announced contact-mechanics modeling challenge. The task was to solve a typical, albeit mathematically fully defined problem on the adhesion between nominally flat surfaces. The surface topography of the rough, rigid substrate, the elastic properties of the indenter, as well as the short-range adhesion between indenter and substrate, were specified so that diverse quantities of interest, e.g., the distribution of interfacial stresses at a given load or the mean gap as a function of load, could be computed and compared to a reference solution. Many different solution strategies were pursued, ranging from traditional asperity-based models via Persson theory and brute-force computational approaches, to real-laboratory experiments and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of a model, in which the original assignment was scaled down to the atomistic scale. While each submission contained satisfying answers for at least a subset of the posed questions, efficiency, versatility, and accuracy differed between methods, the more precise methods being, in general, computationally more complex. The aim of this paper is to provide both theorists and experimentalists with benchmarks to decide which method is the most appropriate for a particular application and to gauge the errors associated with each one.
Published: 2023
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4. A Framework for Large Scale Particle Filters Validated with Data Assimilation for Weather Simulation

Author: Friedemann, Sebastian, Keller, Kai, Lu, Yen-Sen, Raffin, Bruno, Bautista Gomez, Leonardo, Data Aware Large Scale Computing (DATAMOVE ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, and This work was granted access to the HPC resources of IDRIS under the allocation 2020-A8 A0080610366 attributed by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). The authors gratefully acknowledge the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V. (www.gauss-centre.eu) for funding this project by providing computing time through the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) on the GCS Supercomputer JUWELS at Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC). We acknowledge the access to the meteorological input data from the Meteocloud of SDL Climate Science, JSC. We also acknowledge PRACE for awarding us access to JUWELS at Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Germany.
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Resilience, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Particle Filter, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Data Assimilation, Ensemble Run, Elasticity
Abstract: Particle filters are a group of algorithms to solve inverse problems through statistical Bayesian methods when the model does not comply with the linear and Gaussian hypothesis. Particle filters are used in domains like data assimilation, probabilistic programming, neural networkoptimization, localization and navigation. Particle filters estimate the probabilitydistribution of model states by running a large number of model instances, the so called particles. The ability to handle a very large number of particles is critical for high dimensional models.This paper proposes a novel paradigm to run very large ensembles of parallel model instances on supercomputers. The approach combines an elastic and fault tolerant runner/server model minimizing data movementswhile enabling dynamic load balancing. Particle weights are computed locally on each runner andtransmitted when available to a server that normalizes them, resamples new particles based on their weight, and redistributes dynamically the work torunners to react to load imbalance. Our approach relies on a an asynchronously manageddistributed particle cache permitting particles to move from one runner to another inthe background while particle propagation goes on. This also enables the number ofrunners to vary during the execution either in reaction to failures and restarts, orto adapt to changing resource availability dictated by external decision processes.The approach is experimented with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, toassess its performance for probabilistic weather forecasting. Up to 2555particles on 20442 compute cores are used to assimilate cloud cover observations into short--range weather forecasts over Europe.
Published: 2023

5. QTL analysis for ascorbic acid content in strawberry fruit reveals a complex genetic architecture and association with GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase

Author: Pilar Muñoz, Cristina Castillejo, José Antonio Gómez, Luis Miranda, Silke Lesemann, Klaus Olbricht, Aurélie Petit, Philippe Chartier, Annika Haugeneder, Johanna Trinkl, Luca Mazzoni, Agnieszka Masny, Edward Zurawicz, Freya Maria Rosemarie Ziegler, Björn Usadel, Wilfried Schwab, Béatrice Denoyes, Bruno Mezzetti, Sonia Osorio, José F Sánchez-Sevilla, Iraida Amaya, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), IFAPA CENTRO LAS TORRES-TOMEJIL ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hansabred [Dresden], Invenio, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Polytechnic University of Marche [Ancona, Italy] / Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona, Italia], The National Institute of Horticultural Research, 4. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Research Center Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), This research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (GoodBerry, grant agreement number 679303), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-111496RR-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033) and PR.AVA.AVA2019.034 (IFAPA, FEDER funds). P. Muñoz acknowledged a PhD FPI-INIA contract co-financed by FSE., and European Project: 679303,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,GoodBerry(2016)
Subjects: [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ddc:640, Ascorbic Acid, Plant Science, Horticulture, Biochemistry, Biotechnology
Abstract: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits are an excellent source of L-ascorbic acid (AsA), a powerful antioxidant for plants and humans. Identifying the genetic components underlying AsA accumulation is crucial for enhancing strawberry nutritional quality. Here, we unravel the genetic architecture of AsA accumulation using an F1 population derived from parental lines ‘Candonga’ and ‘Senga Sengana’, adapted to distinct Southern and Northern European areas. To account for environmental effects, the F1 and parental lines were grown and phenotyped in five locations across Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain). Fruit AsA content displayed normal distribution typical of quantitative traits and ranged five-fold, with significant differences among genotypes and environments. AsA content in each country and the average in all of them was used in combination with 6,974 markers for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Environmentally stable QTLs for AsA content were detected in linkage group (LG) 3A, LG 5A, LG 5B, LG 6B and LG 7C. Candidate genes were identified within stable QTL intervals and expression analysis in lines with contrasting AsA content suggested that GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase FaGGP(3A), and the chloroplast-located AsA transporter gene FaPHT4;4(7C) might be the underlying genetic factors for QTLs on LG 3A and 7C, respectively. We show that recessive alleles of FaGGP(3A) inherited from both parental lines increase fruit AsA content. Furthermore, expression of FaGGP(3A) was two-fold higher in lines with high AsA. Markers here identified represent a useful resource for efficient selection of new strawberry cultivars with increased AsA content.
Published: 2023

6. Precipitation frequency in Med-CORDEX and EURO-CORDEX ensembles from 0.44° to convection-permitting resolution: impact of model resolution and convection representation

Author: Minh Truong Ha, S. Bastin, P. Drobinski, L. Fita, J. Polcher, O. Bock, M. Chiriaco, D. Belušić, C. Caillaud, A. Dobler, J. Fernandez, K. Goergen, Ø. Hodnebrog, S. Kartsios, E. Katragkou, A. Lavin-Gullon, T. Lorenz, J. Milovac, H.-J. Panitz, S. Sobolowski, H. Truhetz, K. Warrach-Sagi, V. Wulfmeyer, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPACE - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Geophysics [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Institute of Physics and Meteorology [Stuttgart] (IPM), and University of Hohenheim
Subjects: Earth sciences, Atmospheric Science, Precipitation triggering, Convection-permitting models, Convection processes, Integrated water vapor, ddc:550, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology
Abstract: Recent studies using convection-permitting (CP) climate simulations have demonstrated a step-change in the representation of heavy rainfall and rainfall characteristics (frequency-intensity) compared to coarser resolution Global and Regional Climate models. The goal of this study is to better understand what explains the weaker frequency of precipitation in the CP ensemble by assessing the triggering process of precipitation in the different ensembles of regional climate simulations available over Europe. We focus on the statistical relationship between tropospheric temperature, humidity and precipitation to understand how the frequency of precipitation over Europe and the Mediterranean is impacted by model resolution and the representation of convection (parameterized vs. explicit). We employ a multi-model data-set with three different resolutions (0.44°, 0.11° and 0.0275°) produced in the context of the MED-CORDEX, EURO-CORDEX and the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study "Convective Phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean" (FPSCONV). The multi-variate approach is applied to all model ensembles, and to several surface stations where the integrated water vapor (IWV) is derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The results show that all model ensembles capture the temperature dependence of the critical value of IWV (IWVcv), above which an increase in precipitation frequency occurs, but the differences between the models in terms of the value of IWVcv, and the probability of its being exceeded, can be large at higher temperatures. The lower frequency of precipitation in convection-permitting simulations is not only explained by higher temperatures but also by a higher IWVcv necessary to trigger precipitation at similar temperatures, and a lower probability to exceed this critical value. The spread between models in simulating IWVcv and the probability of exceeding IWVcv is reduced over land in the ensemble of models with explicit convection, especially at high temperatures, when the convective fraction of total precipitation becomes more important and the influence of the representation of entrainment in models thus becomes more important. Over lowlands, both model resolution and convection representation affect precipitation triggering while over mountainous areas, resolution has the highest impact due to orography-induced triggering processes. Over the sea, since lifting is produced by large-scale convergence, the probability to exceed IWVcv does not depend on temperature, and the model resolution does not have a clear impact on the results.
Published: 2023

7. A holistic contribution to fast innovation in electric vehicles: An overview of the DEMOBASE research project

Author: S. Herreyre, Z. Wang, A. Bordes, S. Korali, Z. Chen, Philippe Desprez, V. Lonrentz, G. Rigobert, J. Zhou, A. Dominget, Dongjiang Li, S. Benjamin, A. Lecocq, Guy Marlair, L.H.J. Raijmakers, S. Koffel, D.L. Danilov, Sébastien Laurent, J. Martin, M. Biasiotto, M. Belerrajoul, C. Siret, R. Introzzi, Peter H. L. Notten, E. Durling, N. Legrand, B. Truchot, S. Lamontarana, Julien Bernard, M. Dahmani, Perlo. P., L. Hamelin, Martin Petit, M. Massazza, W. Maurer, Publica, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry ( IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, SAFT [Bordeaux], Société des accumulateurs fixes et de traction (SAFT), Infineon, Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-stock Co., Interactive Fully Electrical VehicleS (I-FEVS), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology (Fraunhofer IISB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), MODELON, Accurec, MA, European Project: 769900,DEMOBASE, Dynamics and Control for Electrified Automotive Systems, Control Systems, and EIRES System Integration
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Lithium-ion, Computer science, Process (engineering), 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Transportation, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Battery electric vehicle, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, EV manufacturing, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Fail-safe design and testing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Green vehicle, Battery pack, BEV, Automotive Engineering, Systems engineering, Key (cryptography), ddc:400, Safety, 0210 nano-technology, SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie, Efficient energy use, Model
Abstract: International audience; This paper is a contribution to fasten integration of battery pack innovation in commercial Electric Vehicles (EV) through massive digitalization: a seamless process detailed for battery design, battery safety, and battery management. Selected results of studies carried out on the EV value chain from design to recycling steps are presented, highlighting the importance of seamless integration and holistic state of mind when designing EV. Association between experimental and numerical approaches for efficient innovative EV production is crucial to achieve easy commercialisation. Successful forecasting of aging and thermal runaway evolution from single cell failure at module level using such methods illustrates their great potential. Hardware key counterparts under development are also introduced and give an idea of future architecture of EV battery packs and overall improvement of EV energy efficiency. Finally, a flexible and easily modifiable solution for battery electric vehicle (BEV) that allows rapid and cost-effective integration of future innovation is presented. This paper globally illustrates key breakthroughs gained in the context of the collaborative research project named ‘DEMOBASE’, for DEsign and MOdelling for improved BAttery Safety and Efficiency successfully submitted for funding by the European Commission in response to a 2017 call dedicated to ‘Green Vehicles’ under the EU Horizon 2020 work programme “Smart, green and integrated transport”.
Published: 2022

8. The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai sulfate aerosol plume in the stratosphere

Author: Bernard Legras, Clair Duchamp, Pasquale Sellitto, Aurélien Podglajen, Elisa Carboni, Richard Siddans, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Sergey Khaykin, Felix Ploeger, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, ddc:550
Abstract: We use a combination of spaceborne instruments to study the unprecedented stratospheric plume after the Tonga eruption of 15 January 2022. The aerosol plume was initially formed of two clouds at 30 and 28 km, mostly composed of submicron-sized sulfate particles, without ash, which is washed out within the first day following the eruption. The large amount of injected water vapour led to a fast conversion of SO2 to sulfate aerosols and induced a descent of the plume to 24–26 km over the first 3 weeks by radiative cooling. Whereas SO2 returned to background levels by the end of January, volcanic sulfates and water still persisted after 6 months, mainly confined between 35∘ S and 20∘ N until June due to the zonal symmetry of the summer stratospheric circulation at 22–26 km. Sulfate particles, undergoing hygroscopic growth and coagulation, sediment and gradually separate from the moisture anomaly entrained in the ascending branch Brewer–Dobson circulation. Sulfate aerosol optical depths derived from the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) infrared sounder show that during the first 2 months, the aerosol plume was not simply diluted and dispersed passively but rather organized in concentrated patches. Space-borne lidar winds suggest that those structures, generated by shear-induced instabilities, are associated with vorticity anomalies that may have enhanced the duration and impact of the plume.
Published: 2022

9. Research Data Management Toolkit (RDMkit): guidelines for plant phenotyping data management and sharing

Author: Floch, Erwan Le, Adam-Blondon, Anne-Françoise, Alic, Isabelle, Droesbeke, Bert, Dhondt, Stijn, Faria, Daniel, Beier, Sebastian, Neveu, Pascal, Francillonne, Nicolas, Michotey, Célia, Pommier, Cyril, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, BioinfOmics, Plant Bioinformatics Facility, Versailles, France (BioinfOmics, Plant Bioinformatics Facility), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), VIBUGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, BioData.pt, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, IPPN, European Project: 862613,H2020-AGENT, and European Project: 871075,ELIXIR-CONVERGE
Subjects: FAIR data, RDMkit, Research data management, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Plant phenomics, Plant phenotyping
Abstract: Efficient sharing of plant phenotyping data is a challenge that has been addressed during the last two decades by European infrastructures (ELIXIR, EMPHASIS) and international communities (CGIAR), that allowed to coordinate the effort of major institutes developing activities in the domain. They produced consistent and interoperable sets of resources to support plant phenotyping data management: - data standards: Minimum Information About Plant Phenotyping Experiment (MIAPPE) and the Breeding API (BrAPI) - databases: PIPPA, PHIS, GnpIS, e!DAL-PGP among others - exchange file formats: MIAPPE Template, ISA-Tab These systems and standards have been designed to be as close as possible to researchers and experimenters needs. As a consequence, important efforts have been made to ease their adoption through documentations and trainings. However all these resources remain dispersed, and it can be complicated for new users to know where to get the right information. To address this issue, ELIXIR has developed in the frame of the ELIXIR-CONVERGE project a central portal of guidelines and resources supporting FAIR data management in Life Sciences: the Research Data Management toolkit (RDMkit). RDMkit is a one stop portal that gives a general overview and understanding of the complementarity of the solutions, and links back to the extended documentation and training materials maintained for each of them. To develop and sustain this portal, ELIXIR has engaged with various communities, infrastructures and projects, among which the ELIXIR plant science community and the AGENT project. In the RDMkit, the plant community has built a set of pages and in particular is building plant phenotyping guidelines. The present poster gives an overview of the RDMkit logic and of the solutions presented in the plant sciences pages, including the procedures and contact to submit enrichment and additional solutions.
Published: 2022

10. Sustaining Rabi oscillations by using a phase-tunable image drive

Author: Seiji Miyashita, Sylvain Bertaina, Kristel Michielsen, Hervé Vezin, Irinel Chiorescu, Hans De Raedt, University of Groningen [Groningen], Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Physics [Tokyo], Waseda University [Tokyo, Japan], Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Florida State University [Panama City], Université de Lille, CNRS, Jülich Supercomputing Centre [JSC], The University of Tokyo [UTokyo], Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement (LASIRE) - UMR 8516, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence [IM2NP], National High Magnetic Field Laboratory [NHMFL], and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Condensed Matter Physics, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: Abstract Recent electron spin resonance experiments on CaWO$$_4$$ 4 :Gd$$^{3+}$$ 3 + and other magnetic impurities have demonstrated that sustained Rabi oscillations can be created by driving a magnetic moment with a microwave field frequency slightly larger than the Larmor frequency and tuned to the Floquet resonance, together with another microwave field (image drive) with a frequency smaller than the Larmor frequency. These observations are confirmed by the new experimental results reported in this paper. We use numerical and analytical techniques to study the interplay between the microwave drives and three different mechanisms of relaxation. The first model describes a magnetic moment subject to microwave fields, interacting with a bath of two-level systems which acts as a source of decoherence and dissipation. The second model describes identical, interacting magnetic moments, subject to the same microwave fields. The decay of the Rabi oscillations is now due to the interactions. Third, we study Rabi oscillation decay due to the inhomogeneity of the microwave radiation. We show that under appropriate conditions, and in particular at the Floquet resonance, the magnetization exhibits sustained Rabi oscillations, in some cases with additional beatings. Although these two microscopic models separately describe the experimental data well, a simulation study that simultaneously accounts for both types of interactions is currently prohibitively costly. To gain further insight into the microscopic dynamics of these two different models, we study the time dependence of the bath and system energy and of the correlations of the spins, data that are not readily accessible experimentally. Graphic abstract
Published: 2022

11. Oxygen diffusion and surface exchange coefficients determined under high pressure: comparisons between oxygen deficient vs. oxygen over-stoichiometric air electrode materials

Author: Laurencin, Jérôme, Flura, Aurelien, Sdanghi, Giuseppe, Fourcade, Sébastien, Vibhu, Vaibhav, Salvetat, Jean-Paul, Bassat, Jean-Marc., Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry ( IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Plateforme Aquitaine de Caractérisation des Matériaux (PLACAMAT), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Fuel Cell Forum AG
Subjects: Oxygen diffusion, High pressure, Surface exchange coefficients, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Electrode materials
Abstract: International audience; MIEC (Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors) oxides combine, in addition to a high electronic conductivity, high oxygen diffusivity (D) and oxygen surface exchange (k) coefficients. These properties can be directly determined thanks to the so-called IEDP (Isotopic Exchange Depth Profiling) method, which leads to determine the tracer coefficients D* and k*. To date, the reported measurements in the literature have beenperformed at ambient pressure and even below. However, for a higher efficiency of hydrogen production at the system level, or for a ‘Power-to-Gas’ application, it is envisaged to operate the Solid Oxide Electrolysers (SOE) at high pressures, between 10 to 60 bars. In this frame, it becomes mandatory to assess the oxygen reduction/oxidation and the transport properties of the oxygen electrodes materials in the operating conditions, i.e. when there are submitted to such high pressure (HP) at high temperature.
Published: 2022

12. The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga plume in the stratosphere

Author: Bernard Legras, Clair Duchamp, Pasquale Sellitto, Aurélien Podglajen, Elisa Carboni, Richard Siddans, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Sergey Khaykin, Felix Ploeger, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], humanities
Abstract: We use a combination of spaceborne instruments to study the unprecedented stratospheric plume after the Tonga eruption of 15 January 2022. The aerosol plume was initially formed of two clouds at 30 and 28 km, mostly composed of submicron-sized sulfate particles, without ash, which is washed out within the first day following the eruption. The large amount of injected water vapour led to a fast conversion of SO2 to sulfate aerosols and induced a descent of the plume to 24–26 km over the first 3 weeks by radiative cooling. Whereas SO2 returned to background levels by the end of January, volcanic sulfates and water still persisted after 6 months, mainly confined between 35∘ S and 20∘ N until June due to the zonal symmetry of the summer stratospheric circulation at 22–26 km. Sulfate particles, undergoing hygroscopic growth and coagulation, sediment and gradually separate from the moisture anomaly entrained in the ascending branch Brewer–Dobson circulation. Sulfate aerosol optical depths derived from the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) infrared sounder show that during the first 2 months, the aerosol plume was not simply diluted and dispersed passively but rather organized in concentrated patches. Space-borne lidar winds suggest that those structures, generated by shear-induced instabilities, are associated with vorticity anomalies that may have enhanced the duration and impact of the plume.
Published: 2022
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13. Muon g-2: BMW calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution

Author: Toth, Balint C., Borsanyi, Szabolcs, Szabo, Kalman, Stokes, Finn, Török, Csaba, Varnhorst, Lukas, Fodor, Zoltan, Guenther, Jana, Hoelbling, Christian, Katz, Sandor D., Lellouch, Laurent, Lippert, Thomas, Miura, Kohtaroh, Parato, Letizia, Theoretische Teilchenphysik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Departement for Theoretical Physics, Institute of Physics [Budapest], Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Faculty of Sciences [Budapest], Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), CPT - E1 Physique des particules, Centre de Physique Théorique - UMR 7332 (CPT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Institute for Advanced Simulation, and Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM)
Subjects: [PHYS.HLAT]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Lattice [hep-lat], [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

14. On Infiltration and Infiltration Characteristic Times

Author: Rahmati, Mehdi, Latorre, Borja, Moret‐Fernández, David, Lassabatere, Laurent, Talebian, Nima, Miller, Dane, Morbidelli, Renato, Iovino, Massimo, Bagarello, Vincenzo, Neyshabouri, Mohammad Reza, Zhao, Ying, Vanderborght, Jan, Weihermüller, Lutz, Jaramillo, Rafael Angulo, Or, Dani, Genuchten, Martinus van, Vereecken, Harry, Hydrogeology, Environmental hydrogeology, Hydrogeology, Environmental hydrogeology, Latorre Garcés, Borja, Moret-Fernández, David, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Departamento de Suelo y Agua, Pomology Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bond University [Gold Coast], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Perugia, Italy, Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, University of Tabriz [Tabriz], College of Resources and Environmental Engineering [Yantai], Ludong University, Desert Research Institute (DRI), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Center for Environmental Studies, CEA, São Paulo State University, Latorre Garcés, Borja [0000-0002-6720-3326], Moret-Fernández, David [0000-0002-6674-0453], Rahmati M., Latorre B., Moret-Fernandez D., Lassabatere L., Talebian N., Miller D., Morbidelli R., Iovino M., Bagarello V., Neyshabouri M.R., Zhao Y., Vanderborght J., Weihermuller L., Jaramillo R.A., Or D., Th. van Genuchten M., and Vereecken H.
Subjects: Science & Technology, EROSION, sorptivity, HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY, INFILTROMETER, Infiltration, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, PARAMETERS, SOIL, MODEL, Physical Sciences, Limnology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550, Water Resources, EQUATION, Settore AGR/08 - Idraulica Agraria E Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali, WATER, steady state, time domain validity, Marine & Freshwater Biology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, hydraulic conductivity, Environmental Sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: In his seminal paper on the solution of the infiltration equation, Philip (1969), https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-9936-8.50010-6 proposed a gravity time, tgrav, to estimate practical convergence time and the time domain validity of his infinite time series expansion, TSE, for describing the transient state. The parameter tgrav refers to a point in time where infiltration is dominated equally by capillarity and gravity as derived from the first two (dominant) terms of the TSE. Evidence suggests that applicability of the truncated two-term equation of Philip has a time limit requiring higher-order TSE terms to better describe the infiltration process for times exceeding that limit. Since the conceptual definition of tgrav is valid regardless of the infiltration model used, we opted to reformulate tgrav using the analytic implicit model proposed by Parlange et al. (1982), https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198206000-00001 valid for all times and related TSE. Our derived gravity times ensure a given accuracy of the approximations describing transient states, while also providing insight about the times needed to reach steady state. In addition to the roles of soil sorptivity (S) and the saturated (Ks) and initial (Ki) hydraulic conductivities, we explored the effects of a soil specific shape parameter β, involved in Parlange's model and related to the type of soil, on the behavior of tgrav. We show that the reformulated tgrav (notably (Formula presented.) where F(β) is a β-dependent function) is about three times larger than the classical tgrav given by (Formula presented.). The differences between the classical tgrav,Philip and the reformulated tgrav increase for fine-textured soils, attributed to the time needed to attain steady-state infiltration and thus i + nfiltration for inferring soil hydraulic properties. Results show that the proposed tgrav is a better indicator of time domain validity than tgrav,Philip. For the attainment of steady-state infiltration, the reformulated tgrav is suitable for coarse-textured soils. Still neither the reformulated tgrav nor the classical tgrav,Philip are suitable for fine-textured soils for which tgrav is too conservative and tgrav,Philip too short. Using tgrav will improve predictions of the soil hydraulic parameters (particularly Ks) from infiltration data compared to tgrav,Philip., Water Resources Research, 58 (5), ISSN:0043-1397, ISSN:1944-7973
Published: 2022

15. Laponite/poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) hydrogels: Interplay between local structure and rheological behaviour

Author: Gisèle Volet, Catherine Amiel, Artem Feoktystov, Baohu Wu, C. Le Coeur, Cédric Lorthioir, LLB - Matière molle et biophysique (MMB), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (LCMCP-SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Materials science, Sans, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Nanocomposites, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Adsorption, Rheology, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Elastic modulus, chemistry.chemical_classification, Poly(2-Methyl-2-Oxazoline), Nanocomposite, Ethylene oxide, Hydrogels, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Polymer, Dynamic mechanical analysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Chemical engineering, ddc:540, Self-healing hydrogels, Clays, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; HypothesisDispersions of Laponite in water may form gels, the rheological properties of which being possibly tuned by the addition of polymer chains. Laponite-based hydrogels with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were the most widely investigated systems and the PEO chains were then found to reduce the elastic modulus.ExperimentsHere, hydrogels based on Laponite and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (POXA) were considered. The adsorption behavior and the local structures within these nanocomposite gels were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering and NMR. The same materials were macroscopically characterized using rheology.FindingsAn original evolution of the storage modulus G' with the POXA concentration is evidenced compared to Laponite/PEO hydrogels. At low POXA concentrations, a continuous reduction of G' is observed upon increasing the polymer content, as with PEO, due to the screening of electrostatic interactions between the clay platelets. However, above a critical value of the POXA concentration, G' increases with the polymer content. This difference with PEO-based hydrogels is correlated to the stronger affinity of POXA chains for the clay surfaces, which results in the reduction of the inhomogeneities for the Laponite disks within the gels. Steric repulsions would then counterbalance the effect of electrostatic repulsions and lead to the strengthening of the POXA-based hydrogels.
Published: 2021

16. The added value of km-scale simulations to describe temperature over complex orography: the CORDEX FPS-Convection multi-model ensemble runs over the Alps

Author: P. M. M. Soares, J. A. M. Careto, Rita M. Cardoso, Klaus Goergen, Eleni Katragkou, Stefan Sobolowski, Erika Coppola, Nikolina Ban, Danijel Belušić, Ségolène Berthou, Cécile Caillaud, Andreas Dobler, Øivind Hodnebrog, Stergios Kartsios, Geert Lenderink, T. Lorenz, Josipa Milovac, Hendrik Feldmann, Emanuela Pichelli, Heimo Truhetz, Marie Estelle Demory, Hylke de Vries, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Klaus Keuler, Mario Raffa, Merja Tölle, Kevin Sieck, Sophie Bastin, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Instituto Dom Luiz, Agrosphere, IBG-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems (HPSC TerrSys), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Department of Geophysics [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), NORCE Norwegian Research Center, Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Physics and Meteorology [Stuttgart] (IPM), University of Hohenheim, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), REgional Model and geo-Hydrological Impacts (REMHI), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Center for Environmental Systems Research [Kassel] (CESR), Universität Kassel [Kassel], Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Earth sciences, Atmospheric Science, Kilometre-scale resolution, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Probability density functions, ddc:550, Regional climate modelling, Maximum and minimum temperature, Added value
Abstract: The increase in computational resources has enabled the emergence of multi-model ensembles of convection-permitting regional climate model (CPRCM) simulations at very high horizontal resolutions. An example is the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study on “Convective phenomena at high resolution over Europe and the Mediterranean”, a set of kilometre-scale simulations over an extended Alpine domain. This first-of-its-kind multi-model ensemble, forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, can be considered a benchmark dataset. This study uses a recently proposed metric to determine the added value of all the available Flagship Pilot Study hindcast kilometre-scale simulations for maximum and minimum temperature. The analysis is performed using state-of-the-art gridded and station observations as ground truth. This approach directly assesses the added value between the high-resolution CPRCMs against their driving global simulations and coarser resolution RCM counterparts. Overall, models display some modest gains, but also considerable shortcomings are exhibited. In part, these deficiencies can be attributed to the assimilation of temperature observations into ERA-Interim. Although the gains for the use of kilometre-scale resolution for temperature are limited, the improvement of the spatial representation of local atmospheric circulations and land–atmosphere interactions can ultimately lead to gains, particularly in coastal areas. The added value of km-scale simulations to describe temperature over complex orography: the CORDEX FPS-Convection multi-model ensemble runs over the Alps publishedVersion
Published: 2022
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17. ETP4HPC's SRA 5 - Strategic Research Agenda for High-Performance Computing in Europe - 2022

Author: Malms, Michael, Cargemel, Laurent, Suarez, Estela, Mittenzwey, Nico, Duranton, Marc, Sezer, Sakir, Prunty, Craig, Rossé-Laurent, Pascale, Pérez-Harnandez, Maria, Marazakis, Manolis, Lonsdale, Guy, Carpenter, Paul, Antoniu, Gabriel, Narasimharmurthy, Sai, Brinkman, André, Pleiter, Dirk, Haus, Utz-Uwe, Krueger, Jens, Hoppe, Hans-Christian, Laure, Erwin, Wierse, Andreas, Bartsch, Valeria, Michielsen, Kristel, Allouche, Cyril, Becker, Tobias, Haas, Robert, European Technology Platform (ETP) for High-Performance Computing (HPC) (ETP4HPC), IBM Research Lab. - Zürich, Atos, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Département Systèmes et Circuits Intégrés Numériques (DSCIN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institute of Computer Science - ICS (Heraklion, Greece), Scapos AG (SCAPOS), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Scalable Storage for Clouds and Beyond (KerData), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), HPE HPC/AI Research Lab, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), SICOS BW [Stuttgart] (SICOS), and Atos Bull
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

18. Homogenization of the Observatoire de Haute Provence electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data record: comparison with lidar and satellite observations

Author: Gérard Ancellet, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Herman G. J. Smit, Ryan M. Stauffer, Roeland Van Malderen, Renaud Bodichon, Andrea Pazmiño, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch [ Greenbelt], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/INSU (project NDACCFrance and ACTRIS).
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Electrochemical concentration cell, Troposphere, ddc:550, Sonde, OHP
Abstract: The Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) weekly electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data have been homogenized for the period 1991–2021 according to the recommendations of the Ozonesonde Data Quality Assessment (O3S-DQA) panel. The assessment of the ECC homogenization benefit has been carried out using comparisons with other ozone-measuring ground-based instruments at the same station (lidar, surface measurements) and with colocated satellite observations of the O3 vertical profile by Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The major differences between uncorrected and homogenized ECC data are related to a change of ozonesonde type in 1997, removal of the pressure dependency of the ECC background current and correction of internal pump temperature. The original 3–4 ppbv positive bias between ECC and lidar in the troposphere is corrected with the homogenization. The ECC 30-year trends of the seasonally adjusted ozone concentrations are also significantly improved in both the troposphere and the stratosphere after the ECC homogenization, as shown by the ECC/lidar or ECC/surface ozone trend comparisons. A −0.19 % yr−1 negative trend of the normalization factor (NT) calculated using independent measurements of the total ozone column (TOC) at OHP disappears after homogenization of the ECC data. There is, however, a remaining −3.7 % negative bias in the TOC which is likely related to an underestimate of the ECC concentrations in the stratosphere above 50 hPa. Differences between TOC measured by homogenized ECC and satellite observations show a smaller bias of −1 %. Comparisons between homogenized ECC and OHP stratospheric lidar and MLS observations below 26 km are slightly negative (−2 %) or positive (+2 %), respectively. The comparisons with both lidar and satellite observations suggest that homogenization increases the negative bias of the ECC to values lower than −6 % above 28 km. The reason for this bias is still unclear, but a possible explanation might be related to freezing or evaporation of the sonde solution in the stratosphere.
Published: 2022

19. Data-mining of In-Situ TEM Experiments: on the Dynamics of Dislocations in CoCrFeMnNi Alloys

Author: Chen Zhang, Hengxu Song, Daniela Oliveros, Anna Fraczkiewicz, Marc Legros, Stefan Sandfeld, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Physique de la Plasticité et Métallurgie (CEMES-PPM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH)
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, FOS: Physical sciences, [SPI.MECA.SOLID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], ddc:670, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-POP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Popular Physics [physics.pop-ph], [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Business and International Management, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Metals and Alloys, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Ceramics and Composites, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract: Acta materialia 241, 118394 (2022). doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118394, Published by Elsevier Science, Amsterdam [u.a.]
Published: 2022
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20. A Systematic Error in the Internal Friction Measurement of Coatings for Gravitational Waves Detectors

Author: Alex Amato, Diana Lumaca, Elisabetta Cesarini, Massimo Granata, Anaël Lemaître, Matteo Lorenzini, Christophe Malhaire, Christophe Michel, Francesco Piergiovanni, Laurent Pinard, Nikita Shcheblanov, Gianpietro Cagnoli, HEP, INSPIRE, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, [PHYS.GRQC] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: Low internal friction coatings are key components of advanced technologies such as optical atomic clocks and high-finesse optical cavity and often lie at the forefront of the most advanced experiments in Physics. Notably, increasing the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors depends in a very large part on developing new coatings, which entails developing more suitable methods and models to investigate their loss angle. In fact, the most sensitive region of the detection band in such detectors is limited by the coating thermal noise, which is related to the loss angle of the coating. Until now, models which describe only ideal physical properties have been adopted, wondering about the use of one or more loss angles to describe the mechanical properties of coatings. Here we show the presence of a systematic error ascribed to inhomogeneity of the sample at its edges in measuring the coating loss angle. We present a model for disk-shaped resonators, largely used in loss angle measurements, and we compare the theory with measurements showing how this systematic error impacts on the accuracy with which the loss model parameters are known.
Published: 2022

21. Coated single crystal superalloys: processing, characterization, and modeling of protective coatings

Author: Vincent Guipont, Vincent Maurel, Marie-Helene Vidal-Setif, Marion Bartsch, Robert Vaßen, Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Werkstoff-Forschung / Institute of Materials Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Köln] (DLR), DMAS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Gas turbines, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Materials science, Mechanical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal load, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Thermal barrier coating, Superalloy, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], engineering, Energy transformation, 0210 nano-technology, Single crystal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Superalloy parts are typically employed under high-temperature conditions, often in hot gas paths of gas turbines for aviation or energy conversion. The thermal load of such parts is reduced by active back side cooling and additional application of thermal barrier coating systems. While the use of thermal barrier coating systems is industrial praxis, technological and scientific challenges are pushing the development of new coating systems and improved characterization and lifetime prediction methods. This chapter addresses some new developments which aim at allowing higher in-service temperatures and improving resistance to harsh environments. Further, innovation in characterization, testing, and modeling of protective high-temperature coatings is reviewed.
Published: 2022

22. Molecular mechanism of light-driven sodium pumping

Author: Kovalev, Kirill, Astashkin, Roman, Gushchin, Ivan, Orekhov, Philipp, Volkov, Dmytro, Zinovev, Egor, Marin, Egor, Rulev, Maksim, Alekseev, Alexey, Royant, Antoine, Carpentier, Philippe, Vaganova, Svetlana, Zabelskii, Dmitrii, Baeken, Christian, Sergeev, Ilya, Balandin, Taras, Bourenkov, Gleb, Carpena, Xavier, Boer, Roeland, Maliar, Nina, Borshchevskiy, Valentin, Büldt, Georg, Bamberg, Ernst, Gordeliy, Valentin, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Biocatalyse (BIOCAT), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hamburg] (EMBL), Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik - Max Planck Institute of Biophysics (MPIBP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and ANR-17-EURE-0003,CBH-EUR-GS,CBH-EUR-GS(2017)
Subjects: Protein Folding, Rhodopsin, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Science, Sodium, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Crystallography, X-Ray, Article, Bacterial Proteins, X-Ray Diffraction, Escherichia coli, lcsh:Q, ddc:500, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase, lcsh:Science, Flavobacteriaceae, Ion transport, X-ray crystallography
Abstract: Nature Communications 11(1), 2137 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16032-y, The light-driven sodium-pumping rhodopsin KR2 from Krokinobacter eikastus is the only non-proton cation active transporter with demonstrated potential for optogenetics. However, the existing structural data on KR2 correspond exclusively to its ground state, and show no sodium inside the protein, which hampers the understanding of sodium-pumping mechanism. Here we present crystal structure of the O-intermediate of the physiologically relevant pentameric form of KR2 at the resolution of 2.1 Å, revealing a sodium ion near the retinal Schiff base, coordinated by N112 and D116 of the characteristic NDQ triad. We also obtained crystal structures of D116N and H30A variants, conducted metadynamics simulations and measured pumping activities of putative pathway mutants to demonstrate that sodium release likely proceeds alongside Q78 towards the structural sodium ion bound between KR2 protomers. Our findings highlight the importance of pentameric assembly for sodium pump function, and may be used for rational engineering of enhanced optogenetic tools., Published by Nature Publishing Group UK, [London]
Published: 2020

23. Symmetry-breaking transitions in the early steps of protein self-assembly

Author: Giuseppe Compagnini, Antonio Raudino, Martina Pannuzzo, Carmelo La Rosa, Danilo Milardi, Franca Fraternali, Fabio Lolicato, Birgit Strodel, Human Rezaei, Francesca Collu, Marcello Condorelli, Trang Nhu Do, Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy, Mikko Karttunen, University of Catania [Italy], Department of Physics [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Biochemistry Center Heidelberg (BZH), CNR – Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, King‘s College London, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM (UR 0892)), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) of Canada, Italian MIUR program PRIN 20157WZM8A, Progetto di Dipartimento 2017–2020, Swiss National Science Foundation, and EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant no. 754490
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Protein Denaturation, Protein Folding, 030103 biophysics, Amyloid, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Dimer, Biophysics, Peptide, Molecular dynamics, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Intrinsically disordered proteins, Analytical model, Protein Structure, Secondary, Electrolytes, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, ddc:570, Humans, Computer Simulation, Symmetry-breaking, Colloids, Symmetry breaking, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Models, Theoretical, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Kinetics, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Oligomers, Solvents, Thermodynamics, Protein folding, Self-assembly, Protein Multimerization, Peptides
Abstract: International audience; Protein misfolding and subsequent self-association are complex, intertwined processes, resulting in development of a heterogeneous population of aggregates closely related to many chronic pathological conditions including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. To address this issue, here, we develop a theoretical model in the general framework of linear stability analysis. According to this model, self-assemblies of peptides with pronounced conformational flexibility may become, under particular conditions, unstable and spontaneously evolve toward an alternating array of partially ordered and disordered monomers. The predictions of the theory were verified by atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) used as a paradigm of aggregation-prone polypeptides (proteins). Simulations of dimeric, tetrameric, and hexameric human-IAPP self-assemblies at physiological electrolyte concentration reveal an alternating distribution of the smallest domains (of the order of the peptide mean length) formed by partially ordered (mainly β-strands) and disordered (turns and coil) arrays. Periodicity disappears upon weakening of the inter-peptide binding, a result in line with the predictions of the theory. To further probe the general validity of our hypothesis, we extended the simulations to other peptides, the Aβ(1–40) amyloid peptide, and the ovine prion peptide as well as to other proteins (SOD1 dimer) that do not belong to the broad class of intrinsically disordered proteins. In all cases, the oligomeric aggregates show an alternate distribution of partially ordered and disordered monomers. We also carried out Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) measurements of hIAPP as an experimental validation of both the theory and in silico simulations.
Published: 2020

24. True-atomic-resolution insights into the structure and functional role of linear chains and low-barrier hydrogen bonds in proteins

Author: Valentin Borshchevskiy, Kirill Kovalev, Ekaterina Round, Rouslan Efremov, Roman Astashkin, Gleb Bourenkov, Dmitry Bratanov, Taras Balandin, Igor Chizhov, Christian Baeken, Ivan Gushchin, Alexander Kuzmin, Alexey Alekseev, Andrey Rogachev, Dieter Willbold, Martin Engelhard, Ernst Bamberg, Georg Büldt, Valentin Gordeliy, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, European X-ray Free Electron Laser GmbH, Structural Biology Brussels (SBB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), DESY, European Mol Biol Lab, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany, Institute of Biological Information Processing [Jülich] (IBI-7), Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Jülich Center for Structural Biology [Jülich] (JuStruct), Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow, Institut für Physikalische Biologie [Düsseldorfd], Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Department of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
Subjects: [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Structural Biology, Proteins, MESH: Proteins, Hydrogen Bonding, MESH: Hydrogen Bonding, MESH: Protons, Protons, Molecular Biology
Abstract: International audience; Hydrogen bonds are fundamental to the structure and function of biological macromolecules and have been explored in detail. The chains of hydrogen bonds (CHBs) and low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) were proposed to play essential roles in enzyme catalysis and proton transport. However, high-resolution structural data from CHBs and LBHBs is limited. The challenge is that their 'visualization' requires ultrahigh-resolution structures of the ground and functionally important intermediate states to identify proton translocation events and perform their structural assignment. Our true-atomic-resolution structures of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin, a model in studies of proton transport, show that CHBs and LBHBs not only serve as proton pathways, but also are indispensable for long-range communications, signaling and proton storage in proteins. The complete picture of CHBs and LBHBs discloses their multifunctional roles in providing protein functions and presents a consistent picture of proton transport and storage resolving long-standing debates and controversies.
Published: 2021

25. Insight Into Disorder, Stress and Strain of Radiation Damaged Pyrochlores: A Possible Mechanism for the Appearance of Defect Fluorite

Author: Sarah C. Finkeldei, Shirley Chang, Mihail Ionescu, Daniel Oldfield, Joel Davis, Gregory R. Lumpkin, David Simeone, Max Avdeev, Felix Brandt, Dirk Bosbach, Martina Klinkenberg, Gordon J. Thorogood, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Institute of materials engineering (Blackburn, Australia), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institute for Energy and Climate Research - Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Diffraction, pyrochlore, neutron diffaction, Materials science, radiation damage and others irradiation effects, Neutron diffraction, Pyrochlore, order/disorder phase transition, General Chemistry, engineering.material, Titanate, Zirconate, Grain size, Stress (mechanics), stress, Chemistry, Chemical physics, transmission electron microscopy, ddc:540, engineering, Crystallite, nuclear waste form materials, QD1-999, Original Research
Abstract: We have examined the irradiation response of a titanate and zirconate pyrochlore—both of which are well studied in the literature individually—in an attempt to define the appearance of defect fluorite in zirconate pyrochlores. To our knowledge this study is unique in that it attempts to discover the mechanism of formation by a comparison of the different systems exposed to the same conditions and then examined via a range of techniques that cover a wide length scale. The conditions of approximately 1 displacement per atom via He2+ ions were used to simulate long term waste storage conditions as outlined by previous results from Ewing in a large enough sample volume to allow for neutron diffraction, as not attempted previously. The titanate sample, used as a baseline comparison since it readily becomes amorphous under these conditions behaved as expected. In contrast, the zirconate sample accumulates tensile stress in the absence of detectable strain. We propose this is analogous to the lanthanide zirconate pyrochlores examined by Simeone et al. where they reported the appearance of defect fluorite diffraction patterns due to a reduction in grain size. Radiation damage and stress results in the grains breaking into even smaller crystallites, thus creating even smaller coherent diffraction domains. An (ErNd)2(ZrTi)2O7 pyrochlore was synthesized to examine which mechanism might dominate, amorphization or stress/strain build up. Although strain was detected in the pristine sample via Synchrotron X-ray diffraction it was not of sufficient quality to perform a full analysis on.
Published: 2021

26. The chaos in calibrating crop models:Lessons learned from a multi-model calibration exercise

Author: Eckart Priesack, Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens, Heidi Horan, Anne Klosterhalfen, Elisabet Lewan, Marco Moriondo, Emmanuelle Gourdain, Roberto Ferrise, Tobias K. D. Weber, Camilla Dibari, Neil M.J. Crout, Daniel Wallach, Amir Souissi, Jing Wang, Eric Justes, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Benjamin Dumont, Mohamed Jabloun, Niels Schütze, Qi Jing, G. Padovan, Bernardo Maestrini, Steven Hoek, Mingxia Huang, Sebastian Gayler, Giacomo Trombi, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Qunying Luo, Jørgen E. Olesen, Chuang Zhao, Evelyn Wallor, Per-Erik Jansson, Tommaso Stella, Peter J. Thorburn, Santosh Hiremath, Arne Poyda, Thomas Wöhling, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Thomas Gaiser, Sabine J. Seidel, Budong Qian, Vakhtang Shelia, Henrike Mielenz, Afshin Ghahramani, Allard de Wit, Senthold Asseng, Fety Andrianasolo, Bruno Basso, Liujun Xiao, Zvi Hochman, Taru Palosuo, Yan Zhu, Marie Launay, Cécile Garcia, Xenia Specka, Thilo Streck, Lutz Weihermüller, Hasti Nariman Zadeh, Samuel Buis, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal [Boigneville], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Hohenheim, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Aalto University School of Science and Technology [Aalto, Finland], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), China Agricultural University (CAU), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Global Change Research Institute (CAS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Hillridge Technology Pty Ltd, Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Kiel University, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Nanjing Agricultural University, Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (Project 7: Stochastic Modelling Framework), funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017), Academy of Finland through projects AICropPro (316172) and DivCSA (316215), National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (31725020), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), China Scholarship Council, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Project 1387 under the Canadian Agricultural Partnership, DFG Research Unit FOR 1695 ‘Agricultural Landscapes under Global Climate Change – Processes and Feedbacks on a Regional Scale, U.S. Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (award no. 2015-68007-23133) and USDA/NIFA HATCH grant N. MCL02368, National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300105), Broadacre Agriculture Initiative, a research partnership between University of Southern Queensland and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Academy of Finland through project AI-CropPro (315896), JPI FACCE MACSUR2 project, funded by the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food, and Forestry Policies (D.M. 24064/7303/15 of 6/Nov/2015), Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) through a strategic project BoostIA, BonaRes project 'Soil3' (BOMA 03037514) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy - EXC 2070 – 390732324 EXC (PhenoRob), Project BiomassWeb of the GlobeE programme (Grant number: FKZ031A258B) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany), INRA ACCAF meta-programme, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the framework of the funding measure 'Soil as a Sustainable Resource for the Bioeconomy – BonaRes', project 'BonaRes (Module B): BonaRes Centre for Soil Research, subproject B' (grant 031B0511B), and National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300205)
Subjects: Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Process (engineering), Process-based models, Model parameters, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, paramètre, Software, F01 - Culture des plantes, Component (UML), Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Calibration, Parameter estimation, Applied Ecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Modélisation des cultures, business.industry, Estimation theory, Ecological Modeling, Toegepaste Ecologie, Calibration recommendations, Experimental data, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, PE&RC, [STAT]Statistics [stat], CHAOS (operating system), Phenology, Calibration Recommendations, Process-based Models, Parameter Estimation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Artificial intelligence, ddc:004, Phénologie, Modèle végétal, business, computer
Abstract: International audience; Calibration, the estimation of model parameters based on fitting the model to experimental data, is among the first steps in many applications of process-based models and has an important impact on simulated values. We propose a novel method of developing guidelines for calibration of process-based models, based on development of recommendations for calibration of the phenology component of crop models. The approach was based on a multi-model study, where all teams were provided with the same data and asked to return simulations for the same conditions. All teams were asked to document in detail their calibration approach, including choices with respect to criteria for best parameters, choice of parameters to estimate and software. Based on an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the various choices, we propose calibration recommendations that cover a comprehensive list of decisions and that are based on actual practices.
Published: 2021

27. A Tetratricopeptide Repeat Scaffold Couples Signal Detection to OdhI Phosphorylation in Metabolic Control by the Protein Kinase PknG

Author: María-Natalia Lisa, Adrià Sogues, Nathalie Barilone, Meike Baumgart, Magdalena Gil, Martín Graña, Rosario Durán, Ricardo M. Biondi, Marco Bellinzoni, Michael Bott, Pedro M. Alzari, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario [Rosario] (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Microbiologie structurale - Structural Microbiology (Microb. Struc. (UMR_3528 / U-Pasteur_5)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, M.-N.L. received fellowships from the EMBO (European Molecular Biology Organization) and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM, France). This study was funded by grants from the Institut Pasteur, the CNRS (France), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR, France, contract ANR-09-BLAN-0400) and the European Commission Seventh Framework Program (contract HEALTH-F3-2011-260872). M.-N.L. acknowledges support from the Agencia I+D+I (grant PICT 2017-1932). R.M.B. acknowledges support from DFG (grant BI 1044/12-1)., ANR-09-BLAN-0400,MuKit(2009), and European Project: LSHP-CT
Subjects: protein kinases, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], bacterial signaling, Glutamic Acid, protein structure-function, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, equipment and supplies, complex mixtures, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, QR1-502, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacterial Proteins, ddc:570, bacteria, Tetratricopeptide Repeat, Amino Acids, Phosphorylation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Research Article, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Signal transduction is essential for bacteria to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Among many forms of posttranslational modifications, reversible protein phosphorylation has evolved as a ubiquitous molecular mechanism of protein regulation in response to specific stimuli. The Ser/Thr protein kinase PknG modulates the fate of intracellular glutamate by controlling the phosphorylation status of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase regulator OdhI, a function that is conserved among diverse actinobacteria. PknG has a modular organization characterized by the presence of regulatory domains surrounding the catalytic domain. Here, we present an investigation using in vivo experiments, as well as biochemical and structural methods, of the molecular basis of the regulation of PknG from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgPknG), in the light of previous knowledge available for the kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtbPknG). We found that OdhI phosphorylation by CgPknG is regulated by a conserved mechanism that depends on a C-terminal domain composed of tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs) essential for metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, we identified a conserved structural motif that physically connects the TPR domain to a β-hairpin within the flexible N-terminal region that is involved in docking interactions with OdhI. Based on our results and previous reports, we propose a model in which the TPR domain of PknG couples signal detection to the specific phosphorylation of OdhI. Overall, the available data indicate that conserved PknG domains in distant actinobacteria retain their roles in kinase regulation in response to nutrient availability.
Published: 2021

28. Visibility and Apparent Size of Néel-Type Magnetic Skyrmions in Fresnel Defocus Images of Multilayer Films

Author: Thibaud Denneulin, Jan Caron, Knut Müller-Caspary, Olivier Boulle, András Kovács, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Ernst Ruska-Zentrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen (ER-C), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Chemistry [München], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Fresnel defocus imaging, multilayers, transmission electron microscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physics::Optics, ddc:500, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, ferromagnetism, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, Lorentz microscopy, Néel-type magnetic skyrmions
Abstract: Multilayers that comprise thin films of heavy metals and ferromagnets have been shown to host Néel-type magnetic skyrmions at room temperature. Fresnel defocus imaging in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy is a widely used technique for recording magnetic information about skyrmions. However, the visibility of Néel-type skyrmions in Fresnel defocus images is typically low, both because only a small component of their magnetic field contributes to the signal and because of the presence of diffraction contrast from the polycrystalline multilayer structure. Here, we take advantage of the out-of-plane hysteresis in such samples to record background-subtracted Fresnel defocus images. We demonstrate an improvement in magnetic signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution by a factor of 3 for a (Pt/Co/NiFe)×5 multilayer. We also use simulated Fresnel defocus images of Néel-type magnetic skyrmions to understand the influence of defocus on apparent skyrmion size.
Published: 2021

29. Persistence of moist plumes from overshooting convection in the Asian monsoon anticyclone

Author: Elizabeth Moyer, Fred Stroh, Renaud Matthey, Silvia Bucci, Sergey Khaykin, Vladimir Yushkov, Francesco Cairo, Armin Afchine, Ivan Formanyuk, Bernard Legras, Nicole Spelten, Vasiliy Volkov, Valentin Mitev, Alexey Lykov, C. E. Singer, Martina Krämer, B. Clouser, Christian Rolf, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Geophysical Sciences [Chicago], University of Chicago, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Wien] (IMGW), Universität Wien, Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Roma] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA [Neuchatel] (CSEM), Centre Suisse d'Electronique et Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering [Pasadena] (ESE), and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
Subjects: Convection, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Lead (sea ice), Atmospheric sciences, Settling, 13. Climate action, Anticyclone, ddc:550, East Asian Monsoon, Environmental science, Tropopause, Stratosphere, Water vapor
Abstract: The Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA) represents the wettest region in the lower stratosphere (LS) and is the key contributor to the global annual maximum in LS water vapour. While the AMA wet pool is linked with persistent convection in the region and horizontal confinement of the anticyclone, there remain ambiguities regarding the role of tropopause-overshooting convection in maintaining the regional LS water vapour maximum. This study tackles this issue using a unique set of observations from onboard the high-altitude M55-Geophysica aircraft deployed in Nepal in Summer 2017 within the EU StratoClim project. 25 We use a combination of airborne measurements (water vapour, ice water, water isotopes, cloud backscatter) together with ensemble trajectory modeling coupled with satellite observations to characterize the processes controlling water vapour and clouds in the confined lower stratosphere (CLS) of AMA. Our analysis puts in evidence the dual role of overshooting convection, which may lead to hydration or dehydration depending on the synoptic-scale tropopause temperatures in AMA. We show that all of the observed CLS water vapour enhancements are traceable to convective events within AMA and furthermore bear an isotopic 30 signature of the overshooting process. A surprising result is that the plumes of moist air with mixing ratios nearly twice the background level can persist for weeks whilst recirculating within the anticyclone, without being subject to irreversible dehydration through ice settling. Our findings highlight the importance of convection and recirculation within AMA for the transport of water into the stratosphere. 1 Introduction 35 Water vapour in the lower stratosphere has a direct impact on surface climate and stratospheric ozone chemistry (e.g. Dessler et al., 2013, Dvortsov and Solomon, 2001). The variability of global lower stratospheric water vapour is, to first order, regulated by the minimum temperature in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL)-the main gateway for stratospheric entry of tropospheric moisture (e.g., Fueglistaler et al., 2009, and references therein). This way, the variation of stratospheric water vapour follows the
Published: 2021

30. Resiliency in numerical algorithm design for extreme scale simulations

Author: Emmanuel Agullo, Mirco Altenbernd, Hartwig Anzt, Leonardo Bautista-Gomez, Tommaso Benacchio, Luca Bonaventura, Hans-Joachim Bungartz, Sanjay Chatterjee, Florina M Ciorba, Nathan DeBardeleben, Daniel Drzisga, Sebastian Eibl, Christian Engelmann, Wilfried N Gansterer, Luc Giraud, Dominik Göddeke, Marco Heisig, Fabienne Jézéquel, Nils Kohl, Xiaoye Sherry Li, Romain Lion, Miriam Mehl, Paul Mycek, Michael Obersteiner, Enrique S Quintana-Ortí, Francesco Rizzi, Ulrich Rüde, Martin Schulz, Fred Fung, Robert Speck, Linda Stals, Keita Teranishi, Samuel Thibault, Dominik Thönnes, Andreas Wagner, Barbara Wohlmuth, High-End Parallel Algorithms for Challenging Numerical Simulations (HiePACS), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), NVIDIA Corporation [Bangalore], NVIDIA Research [Austin], University Hospital Basel [Basel], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, University of Vienna [Vienna], Performance et Qualité des Algorithmes Numériques (PEQUAN), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Assas (UP2), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Université de Bordeaux (UB), CERFACS, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), NexGen Analytics (NGA), Australian National University (ANU), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Sandia National Laboratories - Corporation, Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, STatic Optimizations, Runtime Methods (STORM), Centre Européen de Recherche et de Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS), and Barcelona Supercomputing Center
Subjects: G.4, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Numerical algorithms, Large scale systems, G.1, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, Simulació per ordinador, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, parallel computer architecture, 0101 mathematics, Informàtica::Arquitectura de computadors::Arquitectures paral·leles [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], resilience, D.4.5, D.4.4, 020203 distributed computing, Parallel computer architecture, Resilience, Fault tolerance, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Hardware and Architecture, Fault tolerance (Engineering), Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), fault tolerance, ddc:004, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Software, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract: This work is based on the seminar titled ``Resiliency in Numerical Algorithm Design for Extreme Scale Simulations'' held March 1-6, 2020 at Schloss Dagstuhl, that was attended by all the authors. Naive versions of conventional resilience techniques will not scale to the exascale regime: with a main memory footprint of tens of Petabytes, synchronously writing checkpoint data all the way to background storage at frequent intervals will create intolerable overheads in runtime and energy consumption. Forecasts show that the mean time between failures could be lower than the time to recover from such a checkpoint, so that large calculations at scale might not make any progress if robust alternatives are not investigated. More advanced resilience techniques must be devised. The key may lie in exploiting both advanced system features as well as specific application knowledge. Research will face two essential questions: (1) what are the reliability requirements for a particular computation and (2) how do we best design the algorithms and software to meet these requirements? One avenue would be to refine and improve on system- or application-level checkpointing and rollback strategies in the case an error is detected. Developers might use fault notification interfaces and flexible runtime systems to respond to node failures in an application-dependent fashion. Novel numerical algorithms or more stochastic computational approaches may be required to meet accuracy requirements in the face of undetectable soft errors. The goal of this Dagstuhl Seminar was to bring together a diverse group of scientists with expertise in exascale computing to discuss novel ways to make applications resilient against detected and undetected faults. In particular, participants explored the role that algorithms and applications play in the holistic approach needed to tackle this challenge., Comment: 45 pages, 3 figures, submitted to The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Published: 2021

31. Improved Understanding of the Spectral Induced Polarization Response of Reactive Transport Through Millifluidic Experiments

Author: F. Gomez, Joris Heyman, T. Le Borgne, E. Zimmermann, H. Tanuteau, Yves Méheust, Johan Alexander Huisman, Satoshi Izumoto, Harry Vereecken, R. Laniel, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Calcite, chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, Opacity, Spectral induced polarisation, chemistry, Precipitation (chemistry), Pore scale, Electric field, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Biological system, Porous medium
Abstract: International audience; Spectral induced polarization (SIP) has shown potential to detect subsurface reactive transport processes. However, previous laboratory experiments could not associate the SIP response with the temporal development and spatial distribution of reactive transport processes in detail due to the opaque nature of porous media. We developed a novel experimental setup that consists of a millimeter scale 2D transparent porous medium and electrodes for SIP measurements to visually observe reactive transport processes down to the pore scale while performing SIP measurements (i.e. a 2D millifluidic setup). We used this setup to investigate the SIP response of calcite precipitation (CaCO₃). The image analysis and SIP measurements highlight that the SIP response does not necessarily represent the total mass of calcite precipitation in the measurement region. In addition, we numerically simulated the electric field distribution based on the observed calcite precipitation. The results suggested that the heterogeneous distribution of calcite precipitation within the investigated volume had an important influence on the SIP response. Given the heterogeneous and localized nature of many reactive processes, these findings clearly demonstrate the importance of investigating sub-resolution reactive processes for SIP measurements. The proposed novel experimental setup was shown to be suitable for this purpose.
Published: 2021

32. A Middleware Supporting Data Movement in Complex and Software-Defined Storage and Memory Architectures

Author: Christopher Haine, Utz-Uwe Haus, Maxime Martinasso, Dirk Pleiter, François Tessier, Domokos Sarmany, Simon Smart, Tiago Quintino, Adrian Tate, HPE HPC/AI Research Lab, Swiss National Supercomputing Centre-SCR department (CSCS), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Scalable Storage for Clouds and Beyond (KerData), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Numerical Algorithms Group [New Mexico] (NAG), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: 020203 distributed computing, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, HPC and Cloud infrastructures, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Software-defined infrastructures, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], 030304 developmental biology, Workflows
Abstract: International audience; Among the broad variety of challenges that arise from workloads in a converged HPC and Cloud infrastructure, data movement is of paramount importance, especially oncoming exascale systems featuring multiple tiers of memory and storage. While the focus has, for years, been primarily on optimizing computations, the importance of improving data handling on such architectures is now well understood. As optimization techniques can be applied at different stages (operating system, run-time system, programming environment, and so on), a middleware providing a uniform and consistent data awareness becomes necessary. In this paper, we introduce a novel memory-and data-aware middleware called Maestro, designed for data orchestration.
Published: 2021

33. (La0.7Sr0.3)0.95(Co0.2Fe0.8)O3−δ, nanostructurée et sous-stoechiométrique, pour une activité catalytique améliorée dans les piles à combustible

Author: Celikbilek, Ozden, Thieu, Cam-Anh, Agnese, Fabio, Cali, Eleonora, Lenser, Christian, Menzler, Norbert, Son, Ji-Won, Skinner, Stephen J, Djurado, Elisabeth, Department of Chemistry [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Matériaux Interfaces ELectrochimie (MIEL), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Center for Energy Materials Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea, Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Department of Materials, Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

34. Simplified characteristic time method for accurate estimation of the soil hydraulic parameters from one‐dimensional infiltration experiments

Author: Laurent Lassabatere, Harry Vereecken, Meisam Rezaei, Renato Morbidelli, Mehdi Rahmati, DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF MARAGHEH IRN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Perugia, Italy, and Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG)
Subjects: QE1-996.5, Accurate estimation, 0207 environmental engineering, Soil Science, soil hydraulic parameters, characteristic time method, Soil science, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Environmental sciences, Infiltration (hydrology), ddc:550, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, GE1-350, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 020701 environmental engineering, soil hydraulic parameters, characteristic time method, one-dimensional infiltration experiments, one-dimensional infiltration experiments
Abstract: International audience; Recently, a novel approach with excellent performance based on the concept of the characteristic infiltration time, the characteristic time method (CTM), is pro- posed to infer soil sorptivity (S) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) from one- dimensional (1D) cumulative infiltration. The current work provides a simplified version of the CTM, called the SCTM, by eliminating the necessity of the itera- tion method used in CTM and providing a similar accuracy as the original method when estimating S and Ks. We used both synthetic and experimental data to evaluate SCTM in comparison with the original CTM, as well as Sharma (SH) and curve- fitting methods. In the case of synthetically simulated infiltration experiments, the predicted S and Ks values showed an excellent agreement with their theoretical val- ues, with Nash–Sutcliffe (E) values higher than 0.9 and RMSE values of 0.11 cm h1/2 and 0.35 cm h–1, respectively. In the case of experimental data, the SCTM showed E values larger than 0.73 and RMSE values of 0.64 cm h1/2 and 0.35 cm h–1, respec- tively. The accuracy and the robustness of SCTM was comparable with the origi- nal CTM when applied on synthetic infiltration curves as well as on experimental data. Similar to the original CTM, the simplified approach also does not require the knowledge of the time validity, which is needed when using approaches based on Philip’s infiltration theory. The method is applicable to infiltrations with durations from 15 min to 24 h. The supplemental material presents the calculation of S and Ks using SCTM in an Excel spreadsheet.
Published: 2021

35. Mapping Yearly Fine Resolution Global Surface Ozone through the Bayesian Maximum Entropy Data Fusion of Observations and Model Output for 1990–2017

Author: Martin G. Schultz, Meiyun Lin, Li Zhang, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Stephanie E. Cleland, J. Jason West, M. DeLang, Simone Tilmes, Elyssa L Collins, Béatrice Josse, Michael Brauer, Sabine Schröder, Sarah A. Strode, Kengo Sudo, Xiao Lu, Lin Zhang, J. Becker, Virginie Marécal, Christoph A. Keller, Marc L. Serre, Kai-Lan Chang, Junhua Liu, Makoto Deushi, Owen R. Cooper, NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), and Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ozone, Asia, Entropy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Russia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bayes' theorem, Surface ozone, Air Pollution, Environmental monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Entropy (information theory), Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Bayes Theorem, General Chemistry, Sensor fusion, United States, Weighting, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Atmospheric chemistry, Africa, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, ddc:333.7, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Estimates of ground-level ozone concentrations are necessary to determine the human health burden of ozone. To support the Global Burden of Disease Study, we produce yearly fine resolution global surface ozone estimates from 1990 to 2017 through a data fusion of observations and models. As ozone observations are sparse in many populated regions, we use a novel combination of the M3Fusion and Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) methods. With M3Fusion, we create a multimodel composite by bias-correcting and weighting nine global atmospheric chemistry models based on their ability to predict observations (8834 sites globally) in each region and year. BME is then used to integrate observations, such that estimates match observations at each monitoring site with the observational influence decreasing smoothly across space and time until the output matches the multimodel composite. After estimating at 0.5° resolution using BME, we add fine spatial detail from an additional model, yielding estimates at 0.1° resolution. Observed ozone is predicted more accurately (R2 = 0.81 at the test point, 0.63 at 0.1°, and 0.62 at 0.5°) than the multimodel mean (R2 = 0.28 at 0.5°). Global ozone exposure is estimated to be increasing, driven by highly populated regions of Asia and Africa, despite decreases in the United States and Russia.
Published: 2021

36. Spatio‐temporal patterns of tree growth as related to carbon isotope fractionation in European forests under changing climate

Author: Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, V. R. Switsur, Adomas Vitas, Christina E. Reynolds-Henne, Michel Stievenard, Marek Krąpiec, Luigi Todaro, Neil J. Loader, Eloni Sonninen, Gerhard H. Schleser, Martin Weigl, Monique Pierre, Katja Rinne-Garmston, David Frank, Matthias Saurer, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Malgorzata Szymaszek, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Tatiana A. Shestakova, Gerhard Helle, Markus Leuenberger, M. Filot, Hamid Marah, Emmi Hilasvuori, John S. Waterhouse, Kerstin Treydte, Anna Pazdur, Antonio Saracino, Jordi Voltas, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jan Esper, Rupert Wimmer, Valérie Daux, Zdzisław Bednarz, Högne Jungner, Octavi Planells, Maarit Kalela‐Brundin, Rūtilė Pukienė, Angelo Rita, Frank Berninger, Emilia Gutiérrez, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, Shestakova, Ta, Voltas, J, Saurer, M, Berninger, F, Esper, J, Andreu-Hayles, L, Daux, V, Helle, G, Leuenberger, M, Loader, Nj, Masson-Delmotte, V, Saracino, Antonio, Waterhouse, J, Schleser, Gh, Bednarz, Z, Boettger, T, Dorado-Liñán, I, Filot, M, Frank, D, Grabner, M, Haupt, M, Hilasvuori, E, Jungner, H, Kalela-Brundin, M, Krąpiec, M, Marah, H, Pawełczyk, S, Pazdur, A, Pierre, M, Planells, O, Pukienė, R, Reynolds-Henne, Ce, Rinne, Kt, Rita, Angelo, Sonninen, E, Stiévenard, M, Switsur, Vr, Szychowska-Krąpiec, E, Szczepanek, M, Todaro, L, Treydte, K, Vitas, A, Weigl, M, Wimmer, R, Gutiérrez, E, Hickler, T., Rinne‐Garmston , Katja T., The Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Geography [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Tree‐Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Department of Geography [Swansea], Swansea University, University of Naples Federico II, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften [Jülich], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Isotope Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‒ UFZ, Halle, Germany, Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), School of Geography and Development and Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Laboratory of Chronology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Forestry Museum, Lycksele, Sweden, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Laboratoire d'hydrologie isotopique, CNESTEN, Maroc., Chercheur indépendant, Silesian University of Technology, Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, The State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), University of Basilicata, Department of Radioisotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, Environmental Research Centre, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania, Holzforschung Austria, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, IFA-Tulln, University of Barcelona, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research [University of Arizona] (LTRR), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), and Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Drought stress, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Fractionation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Dendroecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Isotope fractionation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Evapotranspiration, ddc:550, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Tree rings, Carbon isotopes, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Tree (data structure), [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, carbon isotopes, climate change, dendroecology, drought stress, European forests, latitudinal gradients, Pinus, Quercus, stomatal control, tree rings, European forests
Abstract: Aim The aim was to decipher Europe‐wide spatio‐temporal patterns of forest growth dynamics and their associations with carbon isotope fractionation processes inferred from tree rings as modulated by climate warming. Location Europe and North Africa (30‒70° N, 10° W‒35° E). Time period 1901‒2003. Major taxa studied Temperate and Euro‐Siberian trees. Methods We characterize changes in the relationship between tree growth and carbon isotope fractionation over the 20th century using a European network consisting of 20 site chronologies. Using indexed tree‐ring widths (TRWi), we assess shifts in the temporal coherence of radial growth across sites (synchrony) for five forest ecosystems (Atlantic, boreal, cold continental, Mediterranean and temperate). We also examine whether TRWi shows variable coupling with leaf‐level gas exchange, inferred from indexed carbon isotope discrimination of tree‐ring cellulose (Δ13Ci). Results We find spatial autocorrelation for TRWi and Δ13Ci extending over a maximum of 1,000 km among forest stands. However, growth synchrony is not uniform across Europe, but increases along a latitudinal gradient concurrent with decreasing temperature and evapotranspiration. Latitudinal relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci (changing from negative to positive southwards) point to drought impairing carbon uptake via stomatal regulation for water saving occurring at forests below 60° N in continental Europe. An increase in forest growth synchrony over the 20th century together with increasingly positive relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci indicate intensifying impacts of drought on tree performance. These effects are noticeable in drought‐prone biomes (Mediterranean, temperate and cold continental). Main conclusions At the turn of this century, convergence in growth synchrony across European forest ecosystems is coupled with coordinated warming‐induced effects of drought on leaf physiology and tree growth spreading northwards. Such a tendency towards exacerbated moisture‐sensitive growth and physiology could override positive effects of enhanced leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations, possibly resulting in Europe‐wide declines of forest carbon gain in the coming decades. Spanish Government, Grant/Award Number: AGL2015‐68274 ‐C3 ‐3‐R; Sixth Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: EVK2‐2001 ‐00237; Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: COST ‐STSM ‐ECOST ‐STSM ‐FP1304‐140915‐066395 and ERANET‐Mundus program (Grant agreement 20112573)
Published: 2019

37. How well do crop modeling groups predict wheat phenology, given calibration data from the target population?

Author: Allard de Wit, Emmanuelle Gourdain, Chuang Zhao, Bruno Basso, Tommaso Stella, Sebastian Gayler, Qi Jing, Eric Justes, Marco Moriondo, Arne Poyda, Zvi Hochman, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Neil M.J. Crout, Eckart Priesack, Niels Schütze, Sabine J. Seidel, T. Palosuo, Heidi Horan, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Amir Souissi, Anne Klosterhalfen, Giacomo Trombi, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Vakhtang Shelia, Tobias K. D. Weber, Evelyn Wallor, Daniel Wallach, Yan Zhu, Mohamed Jabloun, Budong Qian, Cécile Garcia, Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens, Xenia Specka, Benjamin Dumont, Qunying Luo, Jing Wang, Camilla Dibari, Peter J. Thorburn, Roberto Ferrise, Bernardo Maestrini, Jørgen E. Olesen, Afshin Ghahramani, Senthold Asseng, Lutz Weihermüller, Marie Launay, Thomas Gaiser, Thilo Streck, Thomas Wöhling, Liujun Xiao, Henrike Mielenz, Steven Hoek, Mingxia Huang, Samuel Buis, Hasti Nariman Zadeh, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], The University of Florida College of Medicine, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Unité de recherche TERRA [Gembloux], Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège-Université de Liège, University of Hohenheim, ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal [Ouzouer le Marché] (ARVALIS), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), University of North Florida [Jacksonville] (UNF), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), China Agricultural University Library, University of Nottingham Ningbo [China], Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Inst Landscape Biogeochem, Leibniz Ctr Agr Landscape Res, Muncheberg, Germany, Partenaires INRAE, ∗Agrosphere (IBG-3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hillridge Technology Pty Ltd, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Aalto University School of Science and Technology [Aalto, Finland], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Kiel University, German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, University of Bonn, Université de Florence, China Agricultural University (CAU), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Nanjing Agricultural University, Institut für Genetik - Universität Bonn / Institute of Genetics - University of Bonn, and German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017), the Academy of Finland through projects AI-CropPro (316172 and 315896) and DivCSA (316215) BonaRes Center for Soil Research, subproject ‘Sustainable Subsoil Management – Soil3’ (grant 031B0151A), project BiomassWeb of the GlobeE programme (Grant number: FKZ031A258B)BonaRes Centre for Soil Research, subproject B' (grant 031B0511B), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300205), the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (31725020),Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the 111 project (B16026)National Institute of Food and Agriculture (award no. 2015-68007-23133) USDA/NIFA HATCHgrant No. MCL02368, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300105),Forestry Policies (D.M. 24064/7303/15 of 26/Nov/2015)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Calibration (statistics), Mean squared prediction error, Extrapolation, Climate change, Soil Science, Plant Science, Target population, Model evaluation Wheat, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Crop Model, Phenology Prediction, Model Evaluation, Wheat, Crop model, Plant phenology, Crop management, Applied Ecology, Model evaluation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Observational error, Phenology, Emphasis (telecommunications), Toegepaste Ecologie, Experimental data, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Plant development, Agronomy, Current management, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, ddc:640, Agronomy and Crop Science, Phenology prediction, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Plant phenology, which describes the timing of plant development, is a major aspect of plant response to environment and for crops, a major determinant of yield. Since climate change is projected to alter crop phenology worldwide, there is a large effort to predict phenology as a function of environment. Many studies have focused on comparing model equations for describing how phenology responds to weather but the effect of crop model calibration, also expected to be important, has received much less attention. The objective here was to obtain a rigorous evaluation of prediction capability of wheat crop phenology models, and to analyze the role of calibration. The 27 participants in this multi-model study were provided experimental data for calibration and asked to submit predictions for sites and years not represented in those data. Participants were instructed to use and document their 99usual99 calibration approach. Overall, the models provided quite good predictions of phenology (median of mean absolute error of 6.1 days) and did much better than simply using the average of observed values as predictor. Calibration was found to compensate to some extent for differences between models, specifically for differences in simulated time to emergence and differences in the choice of input variables. Conversely, different calibration approaches led to major differences in prediction error between models with the same structure. Given the large diversity of calibration approaches and the importance of calibration, there is a clear need for guidelines and tools to aid with calibration. Arguably the most important and difficult choice for calibration is the choice of parameters to estimate. Several recommendations for calibration practices are proposed. Model applications, including model studies of climate change impact, should focus more on the data used for calibration and on the calibration methods employed.
Published: 2021

38. Low field, time domain NMR in the agriculture and agrifood sectors: An overview of applications in plants, foods and biofuels

Author: Corinne Rondeau-Mouro, Zeev Wiesman, Maja Musse, Carel W. Windt, Guilhem Pages, Luiz Alberto Colnago, Tatiana Monaretto, EMBRAPA INSTRUMENTACAO SAO CARLOS BRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Phyto-lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev (PLBL), Qualité des Produits Animaux (QuaPA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, Brazil, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, undacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)2019/13656-8Region BretagneMinistry of Science, Technology and Space (MOST), Israel2020/07017-0, and ANR-08-BLAN-0061,AMUSE,Natural Variation in Arabidopsis Mucilage from Seeds: Structure, Composition and Role(2008)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Relaxation, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, media_common.quotation_subject, Biophysics, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Fresh food, Field (computer science), 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Fruits, 03 medical and health sciences, RESSONÂNCIA MAGNÉTICA NUCLEAR, 0302 clinical medicine, Vegetables, Quality (business), [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, TD-NMR, media_common, business.industry, Agriculture, Starch, Plants, Standard methods, Environmental economics, Condensed Matter Physics, Oil, 0104 chemical sciences, Biofuel, Food, Biofuels, business
Abstract: International audience; In this contribution, a selective overview of low field, time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) applications in the agriculture and agrifood sectors is presented. The first applications of commercial TD-NMR instruments were in food and agriculture domains. Many of these earlier methods have now been recognized as standard methods by several international agencies. Since 2000, several new applications have been developed, using state of the art instruments, new pulse sequences and new signal processing methods. TD-NMR is expected, in the coming years, to become even more important in quality control of fresh food and agricultural products, as well as for a wide range of food-processed products. TD-NMR systems provide excellent means to collect data relevant for use in the agricultural environment and the bioenergy industry. Data and information collected by TD-NMR systems thus may support decision makers in business and public organizations.
Published: 2021

39. The stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation inferred from age of air in the ERA5 reanalysis

Author: Martin Riese, Felix Ploeger, Paul Konopka, Gebhard Günther, Andreas Engel, Edward Charlesworth, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Johannes Laube, Mohamadou Diallo, Bernard Legras, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, University of Wuppertal, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Meteorological reanalysis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics, QC1-999, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Global warming, Diabatic, Northern Hemisphere, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Brewer-Dobson circulation, 020801 environmental engineering, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550, Environmental science, Climate model, Southern Hemisphere, Stratosphere, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This paper investigates the global stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) in the ERA5 meteorological reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The analysis is based on simulations of stratospheric mean age of air, including the full age spectrum, with the Lagrangian transport model CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere), driven by reanalysis winds and total diabatic heating rates. ERA5-based results are compared to results based on the preceding ERA-Interim reanalysis. Our results show a significantly slower BDC for ERA5 than for ERA-Interim, manifesting in weaker diabatic heating rates and higher age of air. In the tropical lower stratosphere, heating rates are 30 %–40 % weaker in ERA5, likely correcting a bias in ERA-Interim. At 20 km and in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) stratosphere, ERA5 age values are around the upper margin of the uncertainty range from historical tracer observations, indicating a somewhat slow–biased BDC. The age trend in ERA5 over the 1989–2018 period is negative throughout the stratosphere, as climate models predict in response to global warming. However, the age decrease is not linear but steplike, potentially caused by multi-annual variability or changes in the observations included in the assimilation. During the 2002–2012 period, the ERA5 age shows a similar hemispheric dipole trend pattern as ERA-Interim, with age increasing in the NH and decreasing in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Shifts in the age spectrum peak and residual circulation transit times indicate that reanalysis differences in age are likely caused by differences in the residual circulation. In particular, the shallow BDC branch accelerates in both reanalyses, whereas the deep branch accelerates in ERA5 and decelerates in ERA-Interim.
Published: 2021

40. Squeezing multiple soft particles into a constriction: transition to clogging

Author: Clément Bielinski, Othmane Aouane, Jens Harting, Badr Kaoui, Applied Physics and Science Education, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen [Erlangen], Helmholtz Institute Erlangen Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), ddc:530, Physics - Biological Physics, 010306 general physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract: We study numerically how multiple deformable capsules squeeze into a constriction. This situation is largely encountered in microfluidic chips designed to manipulate living cells, which are soft entities. We use fully three-dimensional simulations based on the lattice Boltzmann method to compute the flow of the suspending fluid, and on the immersed boundary method to achieve the two-way fluid-structure interaction. The mechanics of the capsule membrane elasticity is computed with the finite element method. We obtain two main states: continuous passage of the particles, and their blockage that leads to clogging the constriction. The transition from one state to another is dictated by the ratio between the size of the capsules and the constriction width, and by the capsule membrane deformability. This latter is found to enhance particle passage through narrower constrictions, where rigid particles with similar diameter are blocked and lead to clogging., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2021

41. Multi-model evaluation of phenology prediction for wheat in Australia

Author: Elisabet Lewan, Xenia Specka, Arne Poyda, Bernardo Maestrini, Liujun Xiao, Amir Souissi, Sabine J. Seidel, Roberto Ferrise, G. Padovan, Steven Hoek, Tobias K. D. Weber, Thilo Streck, Mingxia Huang, Qunying Luo, Niels Schütze, Jørgen E. Olesen, Samuel Buis, Qi Jing, Budong Qian, Yan Zhu, Marie Launay, Allard de Wit, Thomas Wöhling, Sebastian Gayler, Fety Andrianasolo, Eckart Priesack, Bruno Basso, Senthold Asseng, Benjamin Dumont, Heidi Horan, Eric Justes, Thomas Gaiser, Mohamed Jabloun, Giacomo Trombi, Santosh Hiremath, Lutz Weihermüller, Daniel Wallach, Jing Wang, Zvi Hochman, Taru Palosuo, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Marco Moriondo, Vakhtang Shelia, Peter J. Thorburn, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Evelyn Wallor, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens, Neil M.J. Crout, Chuang Zhao, Per-Erik Jansson, Tommaso Stella, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), ARVALIS - Institut du Végétal [Boigneville], ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Université de Liège - Gembloux, Department Terra & AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, University of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Soil Biology Section, Aalto University School of Science and Technology [Aalto, Finland], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Food Systems Institute [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), China Agriculture University [Beijing], College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University (CAU), Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Ottawa Research and Development Center, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Global Change Research Institute (CAS), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Hillridge Technology Pty Ltd, Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark, Kiel University, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Partenaires INRAE, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Lincoln Agritech Ltd, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricutural University, This work was in part supported by the Collaborative Research Center 1253 CAMPOS (Project 7: Stochastic Modelling Framework), funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, Grant Agreement SFB 1253/1 2017), the Academy of Finland through projects AI-CropPro (316172 and 315896) and DivCSA (316215) and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) through a strategic project BoostIA, the BonaRes projects 'Soil3' (BOMA 03037514) and 'I4S' (031B0513I) of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, the German Research Foundation (DFG) under Germany's Excellence Strategy -EXC 2070 -390732324, the project BiomassWeb of the GlobeE programme (Grant number: FKZ031A258B) funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, Germany), the EU funded SustEs project (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797), the INRAE ACCAF metaprogramme, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the framework of the funding measure 'Soil as a Sustainable Resource for the Bioeconomy -BonaRes', project 'BonaRes (Module B): BonaRes Centre for Soil Research, subproject B' (grant 031B0511B), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0300205), the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (31725020), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the 111 project (B16026), and China Scholarship Council, the Agriculture and AgriFood Canada's Project 1387 under the Canadian Agricultural Partnership, the DFG Research Unit FOR 1695 `Agricultural Landscapes under Global Climate Change -Processes and Feedbacks on a Regional Scale, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (award no. 2015-68007-23133) and USDA/NIFA HATCH grant N. MCL02368, the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300105), The Broadacre Agriculture Initiative, a research partnership between University of Southern Queensland and the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, the JPI FACCE MACSUR2 project, funded by the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food, and Forestry Policies (D.M. 24064/7303/15 of 26/Nov/2015). The field work was jointly funded by CSIRO and the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) under the 'Adding Value to GRDC's National Variety Trial Network' project (CSA00027). The order in which the donors are listed is arbitrary., INRAE, Luke Natural Resources Institute Finland, CSIRO, Arvalis Institut du Végétal, University of Florida, Michigan State University, University of Nottingham, University of Liege, University of Florence, Department of Computer Science, Wageningen University and Research Centre, China Agricultural University, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Aarhus University, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Technische Universität Dresden, University of Carthage, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Calibration (statistics), Structure uncertainty, 01 natural sciences, F01 - Culture des plantes, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Statistics, Range (statistics), ddc:550, Evaluation, Applied Ecology, Triticum, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Phenology, Toegepaste Ecologie, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Australia, Parameter Uncertainty, Structure Uncertainty, Wheat, technique de prévision, PE&RC, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Incertitude, Phénologie, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, F40 - Écologie végétale, Parameter uncertainty, Benchmark (surveying), Baseline (configuration management), Selection (genetic algorithm), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Modélisation des cultures, cultivar selection [EN], Global change, 15. Life on land, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Stage (hydrology), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Predicting wheat phenology is important for cultivar selection, for effective crop management and provides a baseline for evaluating the effects of global change. Evaluating how well crop phenology can be predicted is therefore of major interest. Twenty-eight wheat modeling groups participated in this evaluation. Model predictions depend not only on model structure but also on the parameter values. This study is thus an evaluation of modeling groups, which choose the structure and fix or estimate the parameters, rather than an evaluation just of model structures. Our target population was wheat fields in the major wheat growing regions of Australia under current climatic conditions and with current local management practices. The environments used for calibration and for evaluation were both sampled from this same target population. The calibration and evaluation environments had neither sites nor years in common, so this is a rigorous evaluation of the ability of modeling groups to predict phenology for new sites and weather conditions. Mean absolute error (MAE) for the evaluation environments, averaged over predictions of three phenological stages and over modeling groups, was 9 days, with a range from 6 to 20 days. Predictions using the multi-modeling group mean and median had prediction errors nearly as small as the best modeling group. For a given modeling group, MAE for the evaluation environments was significantly correlated with MAE for the calibration environments, which suggests that it would be of interest to test ensemble predictors that weight individual modeling groups based on performance for the calibration data. About two thirds of the modeling groups performed better than a simple but relevant benchmark, which predicts phenology by assuming a constant temperature sum for each development stage. The added complexity of crop models beyond just the effect of temperature was thus justified in most cases. Finally, there was substantial variability between modeling groups using the same model structure, which implies that model improvement could be achieved not only by improving model structure, but also by improving parameter values, and in particular by improving calibration techniques.
Published: 2021

42. Upward transport into and within the Asian monsoon anticyclone as inferred from StratoClim trace gas observations

Author: Marc von Hobe, Felix Ploeger, Paul Konopka, Corinna Kloss, Alexey Ulanowski, Vladimir Yushkov, Fabrizio Ravegnani, C. Michael Volk, Laura L. Pan, Shawn B. Honomichl, Simone Tilmes, Douglas E. Kinnison, Rolando R. Garcia, Jonathon S. Wright, Institute for Energy and Climate Research - Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), European Project: 603557,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,STRATOCLIM(2013), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ddc:550, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Every year during the Asian summer monsoon season from about mid-June to early September, a stable anticyclonic circulation system forms over the Himalayas. This Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone has been shown to promote transport of air into the stratosphere from the Asian troposphere, which contains large amounts of anthropogenic pollutants. Essential details of Asian monsoon transport, such as the exact timescales of vertical transport, the role of convection in cross-tropopause exchange, and the main location and level of export from the confined anticyclone to the stratosphere are still not fully resolved. Recent airborne observations from campaigns near the ASM anticyclone edge and centre in 2016 and 2017, respectively, show a steady decrease in carbon monoxide (CO) and increase in ozone (O3) with height starting from tropospheric values of around 100 ppb CO and 30 50 ppb O3 at about 365 K potential temperature. CO mixing ratios reach stratospheric background values below ∼ 25 ppb at about 420 K and do not show a significant vertical gradient at higher levels, while ozone continues to increase throughout the altitude range of the aircraft measurements. Nitrous oxide (N2O) remains at or only marginally below its 2017 tropospheric mixing ratio of 333 ppb up to about 400 K, which is above the local tropopause. A decline in N2O mixing ratios that indicates a significant contribution of stratospheric air is only visible above this level. Based on our observations, we draw the following picture of vertical transport and confinement in the ASM anticyclone: rapid convective uplift transports air to near 16 km in altitude, corresponding to potential temperatures up to about 370 K. Although this main convective outflow layer extends above the level of zero radiative heating (LZRH), our observations of CO concentration show little to no evidence of convection actually penetrating the tropopause. Rather, further ascent occurs more slowly, consistent with isentropic vertical velocities of 0.7 1.5 K d-1. For the key tracers (CO, O3, and N2O) in our study, none of which are subject to microphysical processes, neither the lapse rate tropopause (LRT) around 380 K nor the cold point tropopause (CPT) around 390 K marks a strong discontinuity in their profiles. Up to about 20 to 35 K above the LRT, isolation of air inside the ASM anticyclone prevents significant in-mixing of stratospheric air (throughout this text, the term in-mixing refers specifically to mixing processes that introduce stratospheric air into the predominantly tropospheric inner anticyclone). The observed changes in CO and O3 likely result from in situ chemical processing. Above about 420 K, mixing processes become more significant and the air inside the anticyclone is exported vertically and horizontally into the surrounding stratosphere.
Published: 2021

43. Airborne Mid-Infrared Cavity enhanced Absorption spectrometer (AMICA)

Author: C. Kloss, V. Tan, J. B. Leen, G. L. Madsen, A. Gardner, X. Du, T. Kulessa, J. Schillings, H. Schneider, S. Schrade, C. Qiu, M. von Hobe, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Los Gatos Research, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spectrometer, Payload, TA715-787, Standard litre per minute, Environmental engineering, TA170-171, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trace gas, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, Earthwork. Foundations, Cabin pressurization, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Range (aeronautics), ddc:550, Environmental science, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Sensitivity (electronics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: We describe the Airborne Mid-Infrared Cavity enhanced Absorption spectrometer (AMICA) designed to measure trace gases in situ on research aircraft using Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). AMICA contains two largely independent and exchangeable OA-ICOS arrangements, allowing for the simultaneous measurement of multiple substances in different infrared wavelength windows tailored to scientific questions related to a particular flight mission. Three OA-ICOS setups have been implemented with the aim to measure OCS, CO2, CO, and H2O at 2050 cm−1; O3, NH3, and CO2 at 1034 cm−1; and HCN, C2H2, and N2O at 3331 cm−1. The 2050 cm−1 setup has been characterized in the laboratory and successfully used for atmospheric measurements during two campaigns with the research aircraft M55 Geophysica and one with the German HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft). For OCS and CO, data for scientific use have been produced with 5 % accuracy (15 % for CO below 60 ppb, due to additional uncertainties introduced by dilution of the standard) at typical atmospheric mixing ratios and laboratory-measured 1σ precision of 30 ppt for OCS and 3 ppb for CO at 0.5 Hz time resolution. For CO2, high absorption at atmospheric mixing ratios leads to saturation effects that limit sensitivity and complicate the spectral analysis, resulting in too large uncertainties for scientific use. For H2O, absorption is too weak to be measured at mixing ratios below 100 ppm. By further reducing electrical noise and improving the treatment of the baseline in the spectral retrieval, we hope to improve precision for OCS and CO, resolve the issues inhibiting useful CO2 measurements, and lower the detection limit for H2O. The 1035 and 3331 cm−1 arrangements have only partially been characterized and are still in development. Although both setups have been flown and recorded infrared spectra during field campaigns, no data for scientific use have yet been produced due to unresolved deviations of the retrieved mixing ratios to known standards (O3) or insufficient sensitivity (NH3, HCN, C2H2, N2O). The ∼100 kg instrument with a typical in-flight power consumption of about 500 VA is dimensioned to fit into one 19 in. rack typically used for deployment inside the aircraft cabin. Its rugged design and a pressurized and temperature-stabilized compartment containing the sensitive optical and electronic hardware also allow for deployment in payload bays outside the pressurized cabin even at high altitudes of 20 km. A sample flow system with two parallel proportional solenoid valves of different size orifices allows for precise regulation of cavity pressure over the wide range of inlet port pressures encountered between the ground and maximum flight altitudes. Sample flow of the order of 1 SLM (standard litre per minute) maintained by an exhaust-side pump limits the useful time resolution to about 2.5 s (corresponding to the average cavity flush time), equivalent to 500 m distance at a typical aircraft speed of 200 m s−1.
Published: 2021

44. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences

Author: Lassabatere, Laurent, Peyneau, Pierre-Emmanuel, Abou Najm, Majdi, Hammecker, Claude, Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael, Yilmaz, Deniz, Pollacco, Joseph, Fernández-Gálvez, Jesús, Latorre, Borja, Moret-Fernández, David, Di Prima, Simone, Rahmati, Mehdi, Stewart, Ryan D., Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eau et Environnement (GERS-LEE ), Université Gustave Eiffel, Munzur University, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Universidad de Granada (UGR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), University of Sassari, University of Maragheh, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), This research has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant no. ANR-17-CE04-010)., ANR-17-CE04-0010,INFILTRON,Dispositif INFILTRON pour une évaluation des fonctions infiltration & filtration des sols urbains dans un contexte de gestion des eaux pluviales(2017), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, University of Tunceli, Tunceli, Turkey, parent, Departamento de Suelo y Agua, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF MARAGHEH IRN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and School of Plant and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: 0907 Environmental Engineering, Environmental Engineering, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, ddc:550, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 0905 Civil Engineering
Abstract: Sorptivity is a parameter of primary importance in the study of unsaturated flow in soils. This hydraulic parameter is required to model water infiltration into vertical soil profiles. Sorptivity can be directly estimated from the soil hydraulic functions (water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves), using the integral formulation of Parlange (1975). However, calculating sorptivity in this manner requires the prior determination of the soil hydraulic diffusivity and its numerical integration between initial and final saturation degrees, which may be difficult in some situations (e.g., coarse soil with diffusivity functions that are quasi-infinite close to saturation). In this paper, we present a procedure to compute sorptivity using a scaling parameter, cp, that corresponds to the sorptivity of a unit soil (i.e., unit values for all parameters and zero residual water content) that is utterly dry at the initial state and saturated at the final state. The cp parameter was computed numerically and analytically for five hydraulic models: delta (i.e., Green and Ampt), Brooks and Corey, van Genuchten–Mualem, van Genuchten–Burdine, and Kosugi. Based on the results, we proposed brand new analytical expressions for some of the models and validated previous formulations for the other models. We also tabulated the output values so that they can easily be used to determine the actual sorptivity value for any case. At the same time, our numerical results showed that the relation between cp and the hydraulic shape parameters strongly depends on the chosen model. These results highlight the need for careful selection of the proper model for the description of the water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions when estimating sorptivity.
Published: 2021

45. Divertor power loads and scrape off layer width in the large aspect ratio full tungsten tokamak WEST

Author: J. Gaspar, Y. Corre, N. Fedorczak, J.P. Gunn, C. Bourdelle, S. Brezinsek, J. Bucalossi, N. Chanet, R. Dejarnac, M. Firdaouss, J.-L. Gardarein, G. Laffont, T. Loarer, C. Pocheau, E. Tsitrone, null the WEST Team, icard, valerie, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon 2020 through a Joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium - EUROfusion - - H20202014-01-01 - 2018-12-31 - 633053 - VALID, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut fur Energie und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire Capteurs Fibres Optiques (LCFO), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, The WEST team, ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: fusion, Tokamak, magnetic equilibrium, WEST, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, diagnosis, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, Thermocouple, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], sensor, ITER, Langmuir probe, Fiber Bragg Grating, nuclear instrumentation, [SPI.MECA.THER] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], instrumentation, Divertor, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic flux, thermocouple, Heat flux, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], infrared thermography, symbols, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], heat measutrement, ddc:620, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, heat flux, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, heat load, divertor, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, tokamak, plasma, Steady state, Plasma, Computational physics, Optical Fiber Sensor, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, thermal measurement
Abstract: International audience; WEST is a full W tokamak with an extensive set of diagnostics for heat load measurements especially in the lower divertor. It is composed by infrared (IR) thermography, thermal measurement with thermocouples (TC) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) embedded few mm below the surface and flush mounted Langmuir probes (LP). A large database including different magnetic equilibrium and input power is investigated to compare the heat load pattern (location, amplitude of the peak and heat flux decay length) on the inner and outer strike point regions as function of the continuous progress achieved in WEST : from the first ohmic diverted plasma (obtained during the second experimental campaign C2 in 2018) up to the high power (up to 8 MW total injected) and high energy (up to 90 MJ injected energy in lower single null configuration) steady state experiments performed in the last experimental campaign (C4 in 2019). Concerning the peak location, a good agreement (
Published: 2021

46. Lessons learned from urgent computing in Europe: Tackling the COVID-19 pandemic

Author: Thomas Lippert, Serge Bogaerts, Philippe Lavocat, Laura Grigori, Janne Ignatius, Matej Praprotnik, Florian Berberich, Gabriella Scipione, Núria López, Michael Resch, Maria Grazia Giuffreda, Catarina Simões, Dieter Kranzlmüller, Oriol Pineda, Marc Baaden, Luigi Del Debbio, S. Girona, Thomas C. Schulthess, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE), University of Edinburgh, Laboratoire de biochimie théorique [Paris] (LBT (UPR_9080)), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Algorithms and parallel tools for integrated numerical simulations (ALPINES), Institut National des Sciences Mathématiques et de leurs Interactions (INSMI)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Economic growth, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Medical Informatics Computing, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19 pandemic, PRACE COVID-19 fast track, Crisis management, Urgent computing, COVID-19 (Malaltia), 03 medical and health sciences, Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe, 0302 clinical medicine, COVID-19 (Disease), Supercomputadors, Political science, Simulació per ordinador, Pandemic, Humans, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Informàtica::Aspectes socials [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], High-performance computing, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Information Dissemination, Computer Sciences, Pillar, COVID-19, Biological Sciences, Europe, Biophysics and Computational Biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, General partnership, Perspective, Physical Sciences, ddc:500, High performance computing, Information Systems
Abstract: PRACE (Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe), an international not-for-profit association that brings together the five largest European supercomputing centers and involves 26 European countries, has allocated more than half a billion core hours to computer simulations to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside experiments, these simulations are a pillar of research to assess the risks of different scenarios and investigate mitigation strategies. While the world deals with the subsequent waves of the pandemic, we present a reflection on the use of urgent supercomputing for global societal challenges and crisis management. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per 18 autors/es: Núria López, Luigi Del Debbio, Marc Baaden, Matej Praprotnik, Laura Grigori, Catarina Simões, Serge Bogaerts, Florian Berberich, Thomas Lippert, Janne Ignatius, Philippe Lavocat, Oriol Pineda, Maria Grazia Giuffreda, Sergi Girona, Dieter Kranzlmüller, Michael M. Resch, Gabriella Scipione, and Thomas Schulthess"
Published: 2021

47. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder- and substance-use-related phenotypes: Evidence from genome-wide association studies

Author: Samuel Kuperman, Leila Karhunen, Geòrgia Escaramís, Sébastien Guillaume, Kelly L. Klump, David C. Whiteman, Colin A. Hodgkinson, Stephanie H. Witt, Artemis Tsitsika, Hana Papezova, Renato Polimanti, P. Eline Slagboom, Peter Zill, Jakob Grove, Toni-Kim Clarke, Michael Soyka, Jennifer Jordan, Steven Gallinger, Philip Gorwood, Preben Bo Mortensen, Yuri Milaneschi, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Jen Chyong Wang, Markus M. Nöthen, Katrin Männik, Henry R. Kranzler, Michael M. Vanyukov, Anna Keski-Rahkonen, William G. Iacono, Raymond K. Walters, Stephanie Le Hellard, Bochao Danae Lin, Vesna Boraska Perica, Marion Roberts, Patrick F. Sullivan, Steven Crawford, Mark A. Frye, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Hakon Hakonarson, Andreas Birgegård, Robert Culverhouse, Alexis C. Edwards, Jerome C. Foo, Alessandro Rotondo, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Laura M. Hack, Michael T. Lynskey, Mario Maj, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Julie K. O'Toole, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Matt McGue, Julien Bryois, Martina de Zwaan, Norbert Dahmen, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Deborah Kaminská, Benedetta Nacmias, Nicholas G. Martin, Anna R. Docherty, Christopher Hübel, Nancy L. Pedersen, Janet Treasure, William E. Copeland, Roger A.H. Adan, Jaakko Kaprio, Aarno Palotie, L. John Horwood, Maria La Via, Philippe Courtet, Virpi M. Leppä, Judy L. Silberg, Jason D. Boardman, Fazil Aliev, Wade H. Berrettini, Doo Sup Choi, Youl-Ri Kim, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Harriet de Wit, Sandra A. Brown, Elisabeth Widen, Caroline Hayward, Nicholas J. Schork, Penelope A. Lind, Ralph E. Tarter, Jana Strohmaier, Allan S. Kaplan, Richard A. Grucza, Bradley T. Webb, Angela Favaro, Dalila Pinto, Helena Gaspar, Andrew W. Bergen, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Robert Levitan, Wolfgang Gäbel, Xavier Estivill, Emma C. Johnson, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Lindsay A. Farrer, Lenka Foretova, Marc A. Schuckit, Joanna M. Biernacka, André Scherag, Robbee Wedow, Abraham A. Palmer, Amy E. Adkins, Franziska Degenhardt, Louisa Degenhardt, Jurjen J. Luykx, Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen, Brien P. Riley, Monika Ridinger, Matteo Cassina, Harry Brandt, Yiran Guo, Stephan Ripke, Palmiero Monteleone, Katri Räikkönen, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Martin A. Kennedy, Stephen W. Scherer, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Catherine M. Olsen, Bernice Porjesz, Esther Walton, Yi-Ling Chou, Nicolas Ramoz, Tetsuya Ando, Andres Metspalu, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Brion S. Maher, Sarah Bertelsen, Melanie L. Schwandt, Janiece E. DeSocio, Margaret Keyes, John F. Pearson, Dongbing Lai, Paul Lichtenstein, James MacKillop, George Dedoussis, Jari Lahti, Ulrike Schmidt, Stefan Ehrlich, Amanda G. Wills, Teemu Palviainen, David Goldman, Elena Tenconi, Dimitris Dikeos, Scott I. Vrieze, Sietske G. Helder, Katharina Buehren, Hongyu Zhao, Sara McDevitt, Jolanta Lissowska, Joseph M. Boden, Li-Shiun Chen, Susanne Lucae, Sara Marsal, Dan Rujescu, Claes Norring, Howard J. Edenberg, Victor M. Karpyak, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Per Hoffmann, Christopher S. Franklin, Karin Egberts, Johanna Giuranna, Stefan Herms, Leah Wetherill, Stephanie Zerwas, Anthony Batzler, Elliot C. Nelson, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Marcella Rietschel, Ioanna Ntalla, Victor Hesselbrock, Sarah M. Hartz, Marie Navratilova, Falk Kiefer, Martien J H Kas, Richard J. Rose, Andrew C. Heath, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Lenka Slachtova, Lisa Lilenfeld, Katherine A. Halmi, John P. Rice, Anjali K. Henders, Christian Dina, Norbert Wodarz, Satu Männistö, Hamdi Mbarek, Shuyang Yao, Vladimir Janout, Alison Goate, Bettina Konte, Alexandra Schosser, Danfeng Chen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Euijung Ryu, Dana B. Hancock, James Mitchell, Sarah E. Medland, Ina Giegling, Valdo Ricca, Scott D. Gordon, Gabrielle Koller, Samuli Ripatti, Laura M. Thornton, Alison D. Murray, Morten Mattingsdal, Zeynep Yilmaz, Jens Treutlein, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Tim B. Bigdeli, Eric F. van Furth, Hermine H. Maes, Ken B. Hanscombe, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Daniela Degortes, Monica Forzan, Manuel Mattheisen, Richard Sherva, Scott J. Crow, Mikael Landén, Wolfgang Herzog, Jeanette N. McClintick, Tõnu Esko, Louis Fox, Wolfgang Maier, Liselotte Petersen, Laura J. Bierut, Roseann E. Peterson, Gursharan Kalsi, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Margarita C T Slof-Op 't Landt, Tamara L. Wall, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Unna N. Danner, Stephan Zipfel, Ulrich W. Preuss, Elisa Docampo, D. Blake Woodside, Alfonso Tortorella, Benjamin W. Domingue, Franziska Ritschel, Johan G. Eriksson, Anu Raevuori, Benjamin M. Neale, Marcus Ising, Annemarie A. van Elburg, Filip Rybakowski, Maureen Reynolds, Tracey D. Wade, Manfred M. Fichter, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Claudette Boni, Andreas J. Forstner, John Whitfield, Silviu Alin Bacanu, Matthew B. McQueen, Andrew M. McIntosh, Norbert Scherbaum, Tatiana Foroud, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Sven Cichon, Christian J. Hopfer, Josef Frank, Eleftheria Zeggini, Federica Tozzi, Nadia Micali, Danielle M. Dick, Pamela A. F. Madden, Christian R. Marshall, Johannes Hebebrand, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Roel A. Ophoff, Roland Burghardt, Nathaniel Thomas, Leonid Padyukov, Nancy L. Saccone, Anu Loukola, Fabian Streit, James L. Kennedy, Jessica H. Baker, Peter McGuffin, Walter H. Kaye, Pei Hong Shen, Anne Farmer, Roger D. Cone, Ilka Boehm, Jacquelyn L. Meyers, Paolo Santonastaso, Maurizio Clementi, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Gudrun Wagner, Anke Hinney, Richard Parker, James I. Hudson, Nathan A. Gillespie, Michael Strober, John I. Nurnberger, Sandro Sorbi, Dorret I. Boomsma, Beata Świątkowska, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Kenneth S. Kendler, Hidetoshi Inoko, Jessica E. Salvatore, Hunna J. Watson, Jochen Seitz, Jacques Pantel, Karl Mann, Hang Zhou, Antonio Julià, Oliver S. P. Davis, Nancy Diazgranados, Krista Fischer, John K. Hewitt, Karen S. Mitchell, Joanna Hauser, Eric O. Johnson, Craig Johnson, E. Jane Costello, Agnieszka Słopień, Dong Li, Laramie E. Duncan, Arpana Agrawal, Grant W. Montgomery, Manuel Föcker, Thomas Werge, Lannie Ligthart, Andreas Karwautz, Raquel Rabionet, Kenneth Krauter, Joel Gelernter, James J. Crowley, Cynthia M. Bulik, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Laura M. Huckins, Gerome Breen, Michael C. Stallings, Daniel E. Adkins, Pierre J. Magistretti, John Kramer, Lars Alfredsson, Hartmut Imgart, Annette M. Hartmann, Ole A. Andreassen, Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Psychiatry, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department Psychiatry [Chapel Hill], University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University Children's Hospital of Essen [Essen, Germany], University of Duisburg-Essen, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Stockholm County Council, University of Würzburg, Guy's Hospital [London], University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Gothenburg (GU), Altrecht Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld [Zeist, The Netherlands] (Mental Health Institute), National Institute of Mental Health [Tokyo, Japan] (NIMH), National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry [Tokyo, Japan], University of Oslo (UiO), Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research [Oslo] (NORMENT), University of Oslo (UiO)-Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB)-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Department of Psychiatry [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Perelman School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Split, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], RWTH Aachen University, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Universita degli Studi di Padova, University Hospital Basel [Basel], Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Minnesota System, University of Bristol [Bristol], Hannover Medical School [Hannover] (MHH), Harokopio University of Athens, Seattle University [Seattle], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Athens Medical School [Athens], unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poznan University of Medical Sciences [Poland] (PUMS), Institute of Environmental Science and Technology [Barcelona] (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Stanford University, MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Estonian Genome and Medicine, University of Tartu, Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), The Institute of Psychiatry-King‘s College London, Department of Psychiatry (IDIBELL), CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición-University Hospital of Bellvitge, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, University of Münster, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (RECAMO), Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry, Mount Sinai Hospital [Toronto, Canada] (MSH), Medstar Research Institute, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), The Center for Applied Genomics, Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Klinikum Essen, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Leeds, University of Leeds, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia., Parkland-Klinik [Bad Wildungen-Reinhardshausen, Germany], Tokai University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health [university of Ostrava], Lékařská fakulta / Faculty of Medicine [University of Ostrava], Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava-Ostravská univerzita / University of Ostrava, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Charles University [Prague] (CU), University of Eastern Finland, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale [Toronto, ON, Canada], University of Helsinki, University of Aberdeen, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, J. E. Purkinje University, Michigan State University System, Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen (UiB), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Chicago School of Professional Psychology [Washington, District of Columbia, USA] (Washington DC Campus), Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Brain and Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Department of Psychiatry, University of Napoli, Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo (UiO)-Institute of Clinical Medicine-Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University College Cork (UCC), Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, VA Boston Healthcare System, Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Kartini Clinic [Portland, Oregon, USA], University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Head of Medical Sequencing, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Center for Eating Disorders Ursula [Leiden, The Netherlands] (Rivierduinen), Medical University of Łódź (MUL), The Jackson Laboratory [Bar Harbor] (JAX), Neurosciences Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Utrecht University [Utrecht], SURFACES, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre épigénétique et destin cellulaire (EDC (UMR_7216)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Human Genetics, Internal Medicine [Tuebingen, Germany], Tuebingen University [Germany], Oregon Research Institute (ORI), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt [Baltimore, MD, USA], Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], Eating Recovery Center [Denver, CO, USA], Centre for Addiction and Mental Health [Toronto, ON, Canada], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Institute of Medical Science [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], Department of Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University System, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Mayo Clinic, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York (SUNY), University of Edinburgh, Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Department of Genomics [Bonn, Germany] (Institute of Human Genetics), University of Bonn-Institute of Human Genetics [Bonn, Germany], National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [Bethesda, MD, USA] (NIAAA), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Mathematical Sciences Institute (MSI), Australian National University (ANU), University of Colorado [Boulder], VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], University of Vermont [Burlington], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Dusseldorf, Genetics and Pathology, Center for Human Genetic Research, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Heidelberg University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Chronic Disease Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), Department of Cell Therapy, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig]-Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Regensburg, Rush University Medical Center [Chicago], University of Utah, Duke University Medical Center, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Department of Health and Human Services, University of Connecticut (UCONN), University of Colorado [Denver], Research Triangle Institute International (RTI International), McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], CLinical Psychology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Yale School of Public Health (YSPH), Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Department of Public Health, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), University of Pennsylvania, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (MMCI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Department of Molecular Medicine [Scripps Research Institute], The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California (UC), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Martinez Rico, Clara, Biological Psychology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Digital Health, Kas lab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Munn-Chernoff, M. A., Johnson, E. C., Chou, Y. -L., Coleman, J. R. I., Thornton, L. M., Walters, R. K., Yilmaz, Z., Baker, J. H., Hubel, C., Gordon, S., Medland, S. E., Watson, H. J., Gaspar, H. A., Bryois, J., Hinney, A., Leppa, V. M., Mattheisen, M., Ripke, S., Yao, S., Giusti-Rodriguez, P., Hanscombe, K. B., Adan, R. A. H., Alfredsson, L., Ando, T., Andreassen, O. A., Berrettini, W. H., Boehm, I., Boni, C., Boraska Perica, V., Buehren, K., Burghardt, R., Cassina, M., Cichon, S., Clementi, M., Cone, R. D., Courtet, P., Crow, S., Crowley, J. J., Danner, U. N., Davis, O. S. P., de Zwaan, M., Dedoussis, G., Degortes, D., Desocio, J. E., Dick, D. M., Dikeos, D., Dina, C., Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M., Docampo, E., Duncan, L. E., Egberts, K., Ehrlich, S., Escaramis, G., Esko, T., Estivill, X., Farmer, A., Favaro, A., Fernandez-Aranda, F., Fichter, M. M., Fischer, K., Focker, M., Foretova, L., Forstner, A. J., Forzan, M., Franklin, C. S., Gallinger, S., Giegling, I., Giuranna, J., Gonidakis, F., Gorwood, P., Gratacos Mayora, M., Guillaume, S., Guo, Y., Hakonarson, H., Hatzikotoulas, K., Hauser, J., Hebebrand, J., Helder, S. G., Herms, S., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Herzog, W., Huckins, L. M., Hudson, J. I., Imgart, H., Inoko, H., Janout, V., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Julia, A., Kalsi, G., Kaminska, D., Karhunen, L., Karwautz, A., Kas, M. J. H., Kennedy, J. L., Keski-Rahkonen, A., Kiezebrink, K., Kim, Y. -R., Klump, K. L., Knudsen, G. P. S., La Via, M. C., Le Hellard, S., Levitan, R. D., Li, D., Lilenfeld, L., Lin, B. D., Lissowska, J., Luykx, J., Magistretti, P. J., Maj, M., Mannik, K., Marsal, S., Marshall, C. R., Mattingsdal, M., Mcdevitt, S., Mcguffin, P., Metspalu, A., Meulenbelt, I., Micali, N., Mitchell, K., Monteleone, A. M., Monteleone, P., Nacmias, B., Navratilova, M., Ntalla, I., O'Toole, J. K., Ophoff, R. A., Padyukov, L., Palotie, A., Pantel, J., Papezova, H., Pinto, D., Rabionet, R., Raevuori, A., Ramoz, N., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Ricca, V., Ripatti, S., Ritschel, F., Roberts, M., Rotondo, A., Rujescu, D., Rybakowski, F., Santonastaso, P., Scherag, A., Scherer, S. W., Schmidt, U., Schork, N. J., Schosser, A., Seitz, J., Slachtova, L., Slagboom, P. E., Slof-Op't Landt, M. C. T., Slopien, A., Sorbi, S., Swiatkowska, B., Szatkiewicz, J. P., Tachmazidou, I., Tenconi, E., Tortorella, A., Tozzi, F., Treasure, J., Tsitsika, A., Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M., Tziouvas, K., van Elburg, A. A., van Furth, E. F., Wagner, G., Walton, E., Widen, E., Zeggini, E., Zerwas, S., Zipfel, S., Bergen, A. W., Boden, J. M., Brandt, H., Crawford, S., Halmi, K. A., Horwood, L. J., Johnson, C., Kaplan, A. S., Kaye, W. H., Mitchell, J., Olsen, C. M., Pearson, J. F., Pedersen, N. L., Strober, M., Werge, T., Whiteman, D. C., Woodside, D. B., Grove, J., Henders, A. K., Larsen, J. T., Parker, R., Petersen, L. V., Jordan, J., Kennedy, M. A., Birgegard, A., Lichtenstein, P., Norring, C., Landen, M., Mortensen, P. B., Polimanti, R., Mcclintick, J. N., Adkins, A. E., Aliev, F., Bacanu, S. -A., Batzler, A., Bertelsen, S., Biernacka, J. M., Bigdeli, T. B., Chen, L. -S., Clarke, T. -K., Degenhardt, F., Docherty, A. R., Edwards, A. C., Foo, J. C., Fox, L., Frank, J., Hack, L. M., Hartmann, A. M., Hartz, S. M., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., Hodgkinson, C., Hoffmann, P., Hottenga, J. -J., Konte, B., Lahti, J., Lahti-Pulkkinen, M., Lai, D., Ligthart, L., Loukola, A., Maher, B. S., Mbarek, H., Mcintosh, A. M., Mcqueen, M. B., Meyers, J. L., Milaneschi, Y., Palviainen, T., Peterson, R. E., Ryu, E., Saccone, N. L., Salvatore, J. E., Sanchez-Roige, S., Schwandt, M., Sherva, R., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Thomas, N., Wang, J. -C., Webb, B. T., Wedow, R., Wetherill, L., Wills, A. G., Zhou, H., Boardman, J. D., Chen, D., Choi, D. -S., Copeland, W. E., Culverhouse, R. C., Dahmen, N., Degenhardt, L., Domingue, B. W., Frye, M. A., Gaebel, W., Hayward, C., Ising, M., Keyes, M., Kiefer, F., Koller, G., Kramer, J., Kuperman, S., Lucae, S., Lynskey, M. T., Maier, W., Mann, K., Mannisto, S., Muller-Myhsok, B., Murray, A. D., Nurnberger, J. I., Preuss, U., Raikkonen, K., Reynolds, M. D., Ridinger, M., Scherbaum, N., Schuckit, M. A., Soyka, M., Treutlein, J., Witt, S. H., Wodarz, N., Zill, P., Adkins, D. E., Boomsma, D. I., Bierut, L. J., Brown, S. A., Bucholz, K. K., Costello, E. J., de Wit, H., Diazgranados, N., Eriksson, J. G., Farrer, L. A., Foroud, T. M., Gillespie, N. A., Goate, A. M., Goldman, D., Grucza, R. A., Hancock, D. B., Harris, K. M., Hesselbrock, V., Hewitt, J. K., Hopfer, C. J., Iacono, W. G., Johnson, E. O., Karpyak, V. M., Kendler, K. S., Kranzler, H. R., Krauter, K., Lind, P. A., Mcgue, M., Mackillop, J., Madden, P. A. F., Maes, H. H., Magnusson, P. K. E., Nelson, E. C., Nothen, M. M., Palmer, A. A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Porjesz, B., Rice, J. P., Rietschel, M., Riley, B. P., Rose, R. J., Shen, P. -H., Silberg, J., Stallings, M. C., Tarter, R. E., Vanyukov, M. M., Vrieze, S., Wall, T. L., Whitfield, J. B., Zhao, H., Neale, B. M., Wade, T. D., Heath, A. C., Montgomery, G. W., Martin, N. G., Sullivan, P. F., Kaprio, J., Breen, G., Gelernter, J., Edenberg, H. J., Bulik, C. M., and Agrawal, A.
Subjects: Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Alcoholism/genetics, Schizophrenia/genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Medizin, Medicine (miscellaneous), Genome-wide association study, Alcohol use disorder, Anorexia nervosa, Linkage Disequilibrium, ddc:616.89, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder/genetics, Substance-Related Disorders/genetics, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Factors de risc en les malalties, Bulimia nervosa, Feeding and Eating Disorders/genetics, eating disorders, genetic correlation, substance use, Tobacco Use Disorder, 3. Good health, Fenotip, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Psychiatry and Mental health, Alcoholism, Eating disorders, Phenotype, Schizophrenia, Drinking of alcoholic beverages, eating disorder, Consum d'alcohol, Major depressive disorder, medicine.symptom, Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics, eating disorders, genetic correlation, substance use, Clinical psychology, Substance abuse, Risk factors in diseases, Substance-Related Disorders, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Feeding and Eating Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, mental disorders, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Trastorns de la conducta alimentària, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Pharmacology, Depressive Disorder, Major, Binge eating, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO] Cognitive science, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Twin study, 030227 psychiatry, Abús de substàncies, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, business, Genètica, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Total sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2,400 to ~537,000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg=0.18; false discovery rate q=0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg=0.23; qwith binge-eating (rg=0.27; q=0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three non-diagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge-eating (rgs=-0.19 to −0.23; qs
Published: 2021

48. The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation

Author: Erika Coppola, Lidija Srnec, David Leutwyler, Volker Wulfmeyer, Thomas Frisius, Klaus Keuler, Josipa Milovac, Stefan Sobolowski, Paola Mercogliano, Merja Tölle, Pedro M. M. Soares, Paolo Stocchi, Heimo Truhetz, Torge Lorenz, Jesus Vergara-Temprado, Klaus Goergen, Alvaro Lavin-Gullon, Jesús Fernández, Antoinette Alias, Erwan Brisson, Ségolène Berthou, Geert Lenderink, Ole Bøssing Christensen, Øivind Hodnebrog, Ivonne Anders, Jan Erik Haugen, Filippo Giorgi, Lluis Fita, Goran Gašparac, Danijel Belušić, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Marianna Adinolfi, Cécile Caillaud, Rita M. Cardoso, Hylke de Vries, Armelle Reca Remedio, Sophie Bastin, Steven Chan, Stergios Kartsios, Nikolina Ban, Hans-Jürgen Panitz, Elizabeth J. Kendon, Eleni Katragkou, Douglas Maraun, Birthe Marie Rødssæteren Steensen, Bodo Ahrens, Mario Raffa, Mar Janne Zander, Christoph Schär, Emanuela Pichelli, Department of Atmospheric and Cryosphere Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), REgional Model and geo-Hydrological Impacts (REMHI), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Frankfurt/Main] (IAU), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] (DKRZ), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Santander Meteorology Group, Departamento de Matemática Aplicada y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Croatia Control Ltd., Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Centre for High-Performance Scientific Computing in Terrestrial Systems (HPSC TerrSys), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Center for International Climate and Environmental Research [Oslo] (CICERO), University of Oslo (UiO), Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC), University of Graz, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Center for Environmental Systems Research [Kassel] (CESR), Universität Kassel [Kassel], Institute of Physics and Meteorology [Stuttgart] (IPM), University of Hohenheim, Department of Environmental Sciences [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad de Cantabria, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, University of Innsbruck, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]
Subjects: Convection, Kilometer-scale resolution, Atmospheric Science, Climate Research, Scale (ratio), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Precipitation, Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, Kilometer, ddc:550, 020701 environmental engineering, health care economics and organizations, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, regional climate models, multi-model ensemble, high-resolution, precipitation, convection, WIMEK, Multi-model ensemble simulations, Resolution (electron density), Regional climate models, Summer season, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Environmental science, Climate model, Scale (map), Intensity (heat transfer), Hydrologie en Kwantitatief Waterbeheer
Abstract: N. Ban et al., Here we present the first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale horizontal grid spacing over a decade long period. A total of 23 simulations run with a horizontal grid spacing of ∼3 km, driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis, and performed by 22 European research groups are analysed. Six different regional climate models (RCMs) are represented in the ensemble. The simulations are compared against available high-resolution precipitation observations and coarse resolution (∼ 12 km) RCMs with parameterized convection. The model simulations and observations are compared with respect to mean precipitation, precipitation intensity and frequency, and heavy precipitation on daily and hourly timescales in different seasons. The results show that kilometer-scale models produce a more realistic representation of precipitation than the coarse resolution RCMs. The most significant improvements are found for heavy precipitation and precipitation frequency on both daily and hourly time scales in the summer season. In general, kilometer-scale models tend to produce more intense precipitation and reduced wet-hour frequency compared to coarse resolution models. On average, the multi-model mean shows a reduction of bias from ∼ −40% at 12 km to ∼ −3% at 3 km for heavy hourly precipitation in summer. Furthermore, the uncertainty ranges i.e. the variability between the models for wet hour frequency is reduced by half with the use of kilometer-scale models. Although differences between the model simulations at the kilometer-scale and observations still exist, it is evident that these simulations are superior to the coarse-resolution RCM simulations in the representing precipitation in the present-day climate, and thus offer a promising way forward for investigations of climate and climate change at local to regional scales., Open access funding provided by University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck., The ETH team, MZ, CNRM IPSL, ICTP, SMHI, Met-Office, DMI, CMCC, HZG, KNMI acknowledge funding from the HORIZON 2020 EUCP (European Climate Prediction System) project (https://www.eucp-project.eu, grant agreement No. 776613). AL-G acknowledges support by the Spanish government through grant BES-2016-078158 and MINECO/FEDER co-funded project MULTI-SDM (CGL2015-66583-R).
Published: 2021

49. Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology

Author: Bel Lassen, Pierre, Nielsen, Trine, Bergh, Per-Olof, Rouault, Christine, André, Sébastien, Marquet, Florian, Andreelli, Fabrizio, Salem, Joe-Elie, Assmann, Karen, Bastard, Jean-Philippe, Forslund, Sofia, Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle, Falony, Gwen, Pons, Nicolas, Prifti, Edi, Quinquis, Benoit, Roume, Hugo, Vieira-Silva, Sara, Hansen, Tue, Pedersen, Helle Krogh, Lewinter, Christian, Sønderskov, Nadja, Vestergaard, Henrik, Raes, Jeroen, Nielsen, Jens, Bork, Peer, Ehrlich, S. Dusko, Pedersen, Oluf, Aron-Wisneswky, Judith, Clément, Karine, Bäckhed, Fredrik, Molinaro, Antonio, Lassen, Pierre, Henricsson, Marcus, Wu, Hao, Adriouch, Solia, Belda, Eugeni, Chakaroun, Rima, Nielse, Trine, Bergh, Christine, Rouault, Sébastien, Andr, Florian, Marquet, Fabrizio, Andreelli, Joe-Elie, Salem, Karen, Assmann, Jean-Philippe, Bastard, Sofia, Forslund, Emmanuelle, Le Chatelier, Gwen, Falon, Nicolas, Pons, Edi, Prift, Benoit, Quinquis, Hugo, Roume, Sara, Vieira-Silv, Tue, Hansen, Krogh, Pedersen, Christian, Lewinter, Nadja, The, Metacardis, Køber, Lars, Vestergaar, Henrik, Hansen, Torben, Zucker, Jean-Daniel, Galan, Pilar, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Rae, Jeroen, Oppert, Jean-Michel, Letunic, Ivica, Nielse, Jens, Ehrlic, S, Stumvoll, Michael, Pederse, Oluf, Aron-Wisnewsky, Judith, Bäckhe, Fredrik, Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Partenaires INRAE, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (nutriomics) (UMR-S 1269 INSERM - Sorbonne Université), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile-de-France (CRNH-IDF), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Sorbonne Université (SU), Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Paris Est, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP Hôpital Tenon [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Experimental and Clinical Research Center [Berlin, Germany], Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology [Belgium], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust-Imperial College London, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine - Ile de France (CRNH - IDF), Biobyte Solutions GMBH, Nutrition et obésités: approches systémiques (UMR-S 1269) (Nutriomics), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-CETAF-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg [Göteborg], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition = Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (IHU ICAN), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CETAF-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Auteur indépendant, Commission of the European Communities, and Universität Leipzig
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, ACCURATE METHOD, endocrine system diseases, Metabolite, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, Type 2 diabetes, GUT MICROBIOME, GLUCOSE, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Prediabetes, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, RISK, Multidisciplinary, biology, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, Imidazoles, HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Enterotype, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Carbohydrate metabolism, Microbiology, digestive system, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Histidine, Author Correction, PHYSIOLOGY, Aged, Science & Technology, Bacteria, General Chemistry, Metabolism, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, MetaCardis Consortium, METAGENOME, INDIVIDUALS, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, lcsh:Q, Bacteroides
Abstract: Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism., Gut microbial metabolism of nutrients contributes to metabolic diseases, and the histidine metabolite imidazole propionate (ImP) is produced by type 2 diabetes (T2D) associated microbiome. Here the authors report that circulating ImP levels are increased in subjects with prediabetes or T2D in three European populations, and this increase associates with altered gut microbiota rather than dietary histidine.
Published: 2020

50. Structure, electrical conductivity and oxygen transport properties of Ruddlesden–Popper phases Lnn+1NinO3n+1 (Ln = La, Pr and Nd; n = 1, 2 and 3)

Author: Jia Song, Jean-Marc Bassat, De Ning, Henny J.M. Bouwmeester, Bernard A. Boukamp, Inorganic Membranes, Inorganic Materials Science, Institute for Nanotechnology (MESA+), University of Twente [Netherlands], Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech), Institute of Energy and Climate Research: Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Financial support from the Dutch Technology Foundation (STW, now part of NWO, and Project Nr. 15325) and the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC 201406340102) are gratefully acknowledged.
Subjects: Lanthanide, Phase transition, Materials science, This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3, 25:05 PM, Analytical chemistry, Oxide, UT-Hybrid-D, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, General Materials Science, Electronic band structure, Valence (chemistry), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Oxygen transport, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Others, 0 Unported Licence View Article Online, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Layered Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) lanthanide nickelates, Lnn+1NinO3n+1 (Ln = La, Pr and Nd; n = 1, 2 and 3), are considered potential cathode materials in solid oxide fuel cells. In this study, the thermal evolution of the structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry, electrical conductivity and oxygen transport properties of La2NiO4+δ, Nd2NiO4+δ, La3Ni2O7−δ, La4Ni3O10−δ, Pr4Ni3O10−δ and Nd4Ni3O10−δ are investigated. Phase transitions involving a disruption of the cooperative tilting of the perovskite layers in the low-temperature structure thereby transforming it to a more symmetric structure are observed in several of the materials upon heating in air. Pr4Ni3O10−δ and Nd4Ni3O10−δ show no phase transition from room temperature up to 1000 °C. High density ceramics (>96%) are obtained after sintering at 1300 °C and (for n = 2 and n = 3 members) post-sintering annealing at reduced temperatures. Data for the electrical conductivity measurements on these specimens indicate itinerant behaviour of the charge carriers in the RP nickelates. The increase in p-type conductivity with the order n of the RP phase is interpreted as arising from the concomitant increase in the formal valence of Ni. The observations can be interpreted in terms of a simple energy band scheme, showing that electron holes are formed in the σx2−y2↑ band upon increasing the oxidation state of Ni. Electrical conductivity relaxation measurements reveal remarkable similarities between the surface exchange coefficients (kchem) of the different RP phases despite the differences in the order parameter n and the nature of the lanthanide ion. Calculation of the oxygen self-diffusion coefficients (Ds) from the experimental values of the chemical diffusion coefficients (Dchem), using the corresponding data of oxygen non-stoichiometry from thermogravimetry measurements, shows that these are strongly determined by the order parameter n. The value of Ds decreases almost one order of magnitude on going from the n = 1 members La2NiO4+δ and Nd2NiO4+δ to the n = 2 member La3Ni2O7−δ, and again one order of magnitude on going to the n = 3 members La4Ni3O10−δ, Pr4Ni3O10−δ and Nd4Ni3O10−δ. The results confirm that oxygen-ion transport in the investigated RP nickelates predominantly occurs via an interstitialcy mechanism within the rock-salt layer of the structures.
Published: 2020

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