Search

[EN] This article describes the event detection system of the NEXT-White detector, a 5 kg high pressure xenon TPC with electroluminescent amplification, located in the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC), Spain. The detector is based on a plane of photomultipliers (PMTs) for energy measurements and a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) tracking plane for offline topological event filtering. The event detection system, based on the SRS-ATCA data acquisition system developed in the framework of the CERN RD51 collaboration, has been designed to detect multiple events based on online PMT signal energy measurements and a coincidence-detection algorithm. Implemented on FPGA, the system has been successfully running and evolving during NEXT-White operation. The event detection system brings some relevant and new functionalities in the field. A distributed double event processor has been implemented to detect simultaneously two different types of events thus allowing simultaneous calibration and physics runs. This special feature provides constant monitoring of the detector conditions, being especially relevant to the lifetime and geometrical map computations which are needed to correct high-energy physics events. Other features, like primary scintillation event rejection, or a double buffer associated with the type of event being searched, help reduce the unnecessary data throughput thus minimizing dead time and improving trigger efficiency.

[EN] Double electron capture by proton-rich nuclei is a second-order nuclear process analogous to double beta decay. Despite their similarities, the decay signature is quite di erent, potentially providing a new channel to measure the hypothesized neutrinoless mode of these decays. The Standard-Model-allowed two-neutrino double electron capture has been predicted for a number of isotopes, but only observed in 78Kr, 130Ba and, recently, 124Xe. The sensitivity to this decay establishes a benchmark for the ultimate experimental goal, namely the potential to discover also the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless version of this process. Here we report on the current sensitivity of the NEXT-White detector to 124Xe 2 ECEC and on the extrapolation to NEXT-100. Using simulated data for the 2 ECEC signal and real data from NEXT-White operated with 124Xe-depleted gas as background, we de ne an optimal event selection that maximizes the NEXT-White sensitivity. We estimate that, for NEXT-100 operated with xenon gas isotopically enriched with 1 kg of 124Xe and for a 5-year run, a sensitivity to the two-neutroni double electron capture half-life of 6x10exp22 years (at 90% con dence level) or better can be reached.

[EN] Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used state-of-the-art computer vision tools that are becoming increasingly popular in high-energy physics. In this paper, we attempt to understand the potential of CNNs for event classification in the NEXT experiment, which will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Xe-136. To do so, we demonstrate the usage of CNNs for the identification of electron-positron pair production events, which exhibit a topology similar to that of a neutrinoless double-beta decay event. These events were produced in the NEXT-White high-pressure xenon TPC using 2.6 MeV gamma rays from a Th-228 calibration source. We train a network on Monte Carlo-simulated events and show that, by applying on-the-fly data augmentation, the network can be made robust against differences between simulation and data. The use of CNNs offers significant improvement in signal efficiency and background rejection when compared to previous non-CNN-based analyses

[EN] The use of real-time vehicle detection and classification systems is essential for the accurate management of traffic and road infrastructure. Over time, diverse systems have been proposed for it, such as the widely known magnetic loops or microwave radars. However, these types of sensors do not offer all the information currently required for exhaustive and comprehensive traffic control. Thus, this paper presents the design, implementation, and configuration of laser systems to obtain 3D profiles of vehicles, which collect more precise information about the state of the roads. Nevertheless, to obtain reliable information on vehicle traffic by means of these systems, it is fundamental to correctly carry out a series of preliminary steps: choose the most suitable type of laser, select its configuration properly, determine the optimal location, and process the information provided accurately. Therefore, this paper details a series of criteria to help make these crucial and difficult decisions. Furthermore, following these guidelines, a complete laser system implemented for vehicle detection and classification is presented as result, which is characterized by its versatility and the ability to control up to four lanes in real time.

[EN] High pressure xenon Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification are being proposed for rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The discrimination of the rare event through the topological signature of primary ionisation trails is a major asset for this type of TPC when compared to single liquid or double-phase TPCs, limited mainly by the high electron diffusion in pure xenon. Helium admixtures with xenon can be an attractive solution to reduce the electron diffu- sion significantly, improving the discrimination efficiency of these optical TPCs. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe-He mixtures, in the range of 0 to 30% He and demonstrated the small impact on the EL yield of the addition of helium to pure xenon. For a typical reduced electric field of 2.5 kV/cm/bar in the EL region, the EL yield is lowered by similar to 2%, 3%, 6% and 10% for 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of helium concentration, respectively. This decrease is less than what has been obtained from the most recent simulation framework in the literature. The impact of the addition of helium on EL statistical fluctuations is negligible, within the experimental uncertainties. The present results are an important benchmark for the simulation tools to be applied to future optical TPCs based on Xe-He mixtures.

[EN] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an excellent diffuse reflector widely used in light collection systems for particle physics experiments. However, the reflectance of PTFE is a function of its thickness. In this work, we investigate this dependence in air for light of wavelengths 260 nm and 450 nm using two complementary methods. We find that PTFE reflectance for thicknesses from 5 mm to 10 mm ranges from 92.5% to 94.5% at 450 nm, and from 90.0% to 92.0% at 260 nm We also see that the reflectance of PIFE of a given thickness can vary by as much as 2.7% within the same piece of material. Finally, we show that placing a specular reflector behind the PTFE can recover the loss of reflectance in the visible without introducing a specular component in the reflectance.

[EN] Xe-136 is used as the target medium for many experiments searching for 0 nu beta beta. Despite underground operation, cosmic muons that reach the laboratory can produce spallation neutrons causing activation of detector materials. A potential background that is difficult to veto using muon tagging comes in the form of Xe-137 created by the capture of neutrons on Xe-136. This isotope decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.8 min and a Q(beta) of similar to 4.16 MeV. This work proposes and explores the concept of adding a small percentage of He-3 to xenon as a means to capture thermal neutrons and reduce the number of activations in the detector volume. When using this technique we find the contamination from Xe-137 activation can be reduced to negligible levels in tonne and multi-tonne scale high pressure gas xenon neutrinoless double beta decay experiments running at any depth in an underground laboratory.

[EN] Motivated by the possibility of guiding daughter ions from double beta decay events to single-ion sensors for barium tagging, the NEXT collaboration is developing a program of R&D to test radio frequency (RF) carpets for ion transport in high pressure xenon gas. This would require carpet functionality in regimes at higher pressures than have been previously reported, implying correspondingly larger electrode voltages than in existing systems. This mode of operation appears plausible for contemporary RF-carpet geometries due to the higher predicted breakdown strength of high pressure xenon relative to low pressure helium, the working medium in most existing RF carpet devices. In this paper we present the first measurements of the high voltage dielectric strength of xenon gas at high pressure and at the relevant RF frequencies for ion transport (in the 10MHz range), as well as new DC and RF measurements of the dielectric strengths of high pressure argon and helium gases at small gap sizes. We find breakdown voltages that are compatible with stable RF carpet operation given the gas, pressure, voltage, materials and geometry of interest.

[EN] Natural radioactivity represents one of the main backgrounds in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. Within the NEXT physics program, the radioactivity- induced backgrounds are measured with the NEXT-White detector. Data from 37.9 days of low-background operations at the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc with xenon depleted in Xe-136 are analyzed to derive a total background rate of (0.84 +/- 0.02) mHz above 1000 keV. The comparison of data samples with and without the use of the radon abatement system demonstrates that the contribution of airborne-Rn is negligible. A radiogenic background model is built upon the extensive radiopurity screening campaign conducted by the NEXT collaboration. A spectral fit to this model yields the specific contributions of Co-60, K-40, Bi-214 and Tl-208 to the total background rate, as well as their location in the detector volumes. The results are used to evaluate the impact of the radiogenic backgrounds in the double beta decay analyses, after the application of topological cuts that reduce the total rate to (0.25 +/- 0.01) mHz. Based on the best-fit background model, the NEXT-White median sensitivity to the two-neutrino double beta decay is found to be 3.5 sigma after 1 year of data taking. The background measurement in a Q(beta beta)+/- 100 keV energy window validates the best-fit background model also for the neutrinoless double beta decay search with NEXT-100. Only one event is found, while the model expectation is (0.75 +/- 0.12) events.

[EN] The NEXT experiment aims at searching for the hypothetical neutrinoless double-beta decay from the 136Xe isotope using a high-purity xenon TPC. Efficient discrimination of the events through pattern recognition of the topology of primary ionisation tracks is a major requirement for the experiment. However, it is limited by the diffusion of electrons. It is known that the addition of a small fraction of a molecular gas to xenon reduces electron diffusion. On the other hand, the electroluminescence (EL) yield drops and the achievable energy resolution may be compromised. We have studied the effect of adding several molecular gases to xenon (CO2, CH4 and CF4) on the EL yield and energy resolution obtained in a small prototype of driftless gas proportional scintillation counter. We have compared our results on the scintillation characteristics (EL yield and energy resolution) with a microscopic simulation, obtaining the diffusion coefficients in those conditions as well. Accordingly, electron diffusion may be reduced from about 10 mm/ sqrt(¿) for pure xenon down to 2.5 mm/sqrt(m) using additive concentrations of about 0.05%, 0.2% and 0.02% for CO2, CH4 and CF4, respectively. Our results show that CF4 admixtures present the highest EL yield in those conditions, but very poor energy resolution as a result of huge fluctuations observed in the EL formation. CH4 presents the best energy resolution despite the EL yield being the lowest. The results obtained with xenon admixtures are extrapolated to the operational conditions of the NEXT-100 TPC. CO2 and CH4 show potential as molecular additives in a large xenon TPC. While CO2 has some operational constraints, making it difficult to be used in a large TPC, CH4 shows the best performance and stability as molecular additive to be used in the NEXT-100 TPC, with an extrapolated energy resolution of 0.4% at 2.45 MeV for concentrations below 0.4%, which is only slightly worse than the one obtained for pure xenon. We demonstrate

[EN] In experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, the possibility of identifying the two emitted electrons is a powerful tool in rejecting background events and therefore improving the overall sensitivity of the experiment. In this paper we present the first measurement of the efficiency of a cut based on the different event signatures of double and single electron tracks, using the data of the NEXT-White detector, the first detector of the NEXT experiment operating underground. Using a 228Th calibration source to produce signal-like and background-like events with energies near 1.6 MeV, a signal efficiency of 71.6 ± 1.5 stat ± 0.3 sys% for a background acceptance of 20.6 ± 0.4 stat ± 0.3 sys% is found, in good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. An extrapolation to the energy region of the neutrinoless double beta decay by means of Monte Carlo simulations is also carried out, and the results obtained show an improvement in background rejection over those obtained at lower energies.

Las inundaciones pluviales en zonas urbanas ocurren cuando lluvias intensas y de corta duración no pueden ser evacuadas lo suficientemente rápido por el sistema de drenaje o infiltrado del suelo, por lo tanto, el agua fluye hacia las calles y las estructuras cercanas. A menudo, en zonas donde el sistema de drenaje urbano es deficiente, las inundaciones pluviales se convierten en inundaciones repentinas peligrosas a los pocos minutos con altos valores de velocidad y nivel del agua. Una medida de disminución del riesgo generado por las inundaciones pluviales repentinas es la implementación de sistemas de alerta temprana para el envío de información oportuna a la comunidad en riesgo. Esta tesis doctoral llevó a cabo el diseño e implementación de un sistema de alerta temprana (SAT) para la detección del nivel de peligrosidad de inundaciones pluviales repentinas en cuencas urbanas. El SAT desarrollado mide en tiempo real la cantidad de lluvia que cae sobre una cuenca urbana y a través de un modelo hidrológico-hidráulico estima el nivel y la velocidad del flujo en las calles. Posteriormente, estos datos son utilizados para genera las alertas de peligrosidad las cuales son visualizadas a través de una aplicación Web y enviadas por redes sociales a los usuarios suscritos. Este sistema de alerta temprana está dividido en dos secciones: diseño del sistema y modelo hidrológico-hidráulico. El diseño del sistema describe los sistemas de adquisición de datos, comunicación, alimentación y visualización de la información. El modelo hidrológico-hidráulico explica el proceso de transformación de la lluvia en niveles de peligrosidad y su variación espacial y temporal. Este SAT fue implementado como ejemplo en la ciudad de Barranquilla (Colombia), el cual es la ciudad de Colombia más afectada por inundaciones pluviales repentinas, conocidas como arroyos peligrosos. Se tomó como objeto de estudio el arroyo peligroso conocido como "La 65" que tiene una longitud aproximada de 4.5 Km. Se c, Les inundacions pluvials en zones urbanes ocorren quan pluges intenses i de curta durada no poden ser evacuades prou ràpid pel sistema de drenatge o infiltrat del sòl, per tant, l'aigua flueix cap als carrers i les estructures properes. Sovint, en zones on el sistema de drenatge urbà és deficient, les inundacions pluvials es converteixen en inundacions sobtades perilloses als pocs minuts amb alts valors de velocitat i nivell de l'aigua. Una mesura de disminució del risc generat per les inundacions pluvials sobtades és la implementació de sistemes d'alerta primerenca per a l'enviament d'informació oportuna a la comunitat en risc. Aquesta tesi doctoral va dur a terme el disseny i implementació d'un sistema d'alerta primerenca (SAP) per a la detecció del nivell de perillositat d'inundacions pluvials sobtades en conques urbanes. El SAP desenvolupat mesura en temps real la quantitat de pluja que cau sobre una conca urbana i a través d'un model hidrològic-hidràulic estima el nivell i la velocitat del flux en els carrers. Posteriorment, aquestes dades són utilitzades para genera les alertes de perillositat les quals són visualitzades a través d'una aplicació Web i enviades per xarxes socials als usuaris subscrits. Aquest sistema d'alerta primerenca està dividit en dues seccions: disseny del sistema i model hidrològic-hidràulic. El disseny del sistema descriu els sistemes d'adquisició de dades, comunicació, alimentació i visualització de la informació. El model hidrològic-hidràulic explica el procés de transformació de la pluja en nivells de perillositat i la seua variació espacial i temporal. Aquest SAP va ser implementat com a exemple en la ciutat de Barranquilla (Colòmbia), el qual és la ciutat de Colòmbia més afectada per inundacions pluvials sobtades, conegudes com a rierols perillosos. Es va prendre com a objecte d'estudi el rierol perillós conegut com "La 65" que té una longitud aproximada de 4.5 Km. Es van comparar les dades nivell de l'aigua, velocitat de l'aigua i, Urban pluvial flooding occurs when intense, short-duration rainfall cannot be evacuated quickly enough through the drainage system or infiltrated into the ground; therefore, water flows into streets and nearby structures. Often, in areas where the urban drainage system is deficient, pluvial flooding become dangerous flash floods after a few minutes of rainfall with high values of water level and water velocity. A measure to reduce the risk generated by pluvial flash floods is the implementation of early warning systems to send timely information to the community at risk. This doctoral thesis presents the design and implementation of an early warning system (EWS) for detecting the hazard level during pluvial flash floods in urban basins. The developed EWS measures in real- time the amount of rain that falls on an urban basin and through a hydrological-hydraulic model, estimates the water level and water velocity in the streets. Subsequently, these data are used to generate hazard alerts that are displayed through a Web application and sent by social networks to subscribed users. This early warning system is divided into two sections: system design and hydrological-hydraulic model. The system design describes the systems for data acquisition, communication, power supply and information visualization. The hydrological-hydraulic model explains the process of transforming rain into hazard levels and its spatial and temporal variation. This EWS was implemented in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia), which is the city of Colombia most affected by flash floods, known as dangerous streams. The dangerous stream known as "La 65" was selected as the study object, which has a length of 4.5 km approximately. It was compared water level, water velocity and the hazard levels values obtained by the sensors with the proposed model during heavy rain events demonstrating the model effectiveness to send timely alerts to the community at risk.

[ES] Con este proyecto se pretende abordar las posibles dificultades que pueden encontrarse a la hora de implantar un sistema de control de accesos a un recinto rural, empleando para ello una red nodos conectados, cada uno de ellos, a un sensor capaz de detectar la entrada de vehículos al recinto. Los nodos enviarán la información a un concentrador de información conectado a internet. Se planteará el caso en cuestión empleando magnetómetros, capaces de detectar la variación del campo magnético con la presencia de un vehículo, conectados cada uno a un transceptor, el cuál empleará el protocolo de comunicación LoRaWAN entre el nodo y el concentrador, para la transmisión de la información. El concentrador dispondrá de un módulo 3G mediante el cual enviará la información recibida a un servidor en la nube. A su vez, se estudiará la viabilidad de realizar una instalación energéticamente sostenible y autónoma. Para ello, los nodos dispondrán de baterías, las cuáles permitirán tener una autonomía calculada en función del tiempo que se considere necesario para que sea sostenible. El suministro energético del concentrador se planteará de dos formas: una en la que disponga de un punto de conexión con la red eléctrica; y otra en la que no se disponga de punto de conexión a la red eléctrica, dónde se estudiará la viabilidad de suministrar la energía necesaria usando placas solares y baterías., [EN] this project tries to approach the possible difficulties that can be found when a system of control of accesses to a rural enclosure is going to be designed. We will use a WSN with nodes with sensors capable of detecting vehicles crossing the limits of enclosure. The nodes will send the information to the gateway that concentrates information and send it to Internet. We will use magnetometers, capable of detecting the variation of the magnetic field with the presence of a vehicle. The transceptor, will use the protocol of communication LoRaWAN between the node and the gateway. The gateway will send info thru module 3G to a cloud computing server. In addition, we will perform a feasibility studiy of an an energetically sustainable and autonomous installation. For it, the nodes must have batteries. The power supply of the gateway will be performed by standard electrical network if its possible or by means of solar pannels if its not.

El trabajo de fin de master tiene como objetivo integrar un sistema de compresión de datos sin pérdidas en la electrónica de adquisición del proyecto PETALO. La finalidad de este sistema es reducir el velocidad de transmisión de información necesaria en los enlaces de comunicaciones y de esa forma poder moderar los recursos necesarios para desarrollar el sistema completo. Las técnicas de compresión propuestas deberán contemplar un mínimo de latencia y la posibilidad de implementarse en un entorno de FPGA., This master thesis aims at integrating a lossless data compression system into the data acquisition architecture of the PETALO project. The goal of this system is to reduce the required bitrate in the communications links, thus simplifying the amount of resources needed in the full system implementation. The proposed compression techniques will focus in a minimum latency and a feasible FPGA based implementation.

[EN] Gaseous time projection chambers (TPC) are a very attractive detector technology for particle tracking. Characterization of both drift velocity and di¿usion is of great importance to correctly assess their tracking capabilities. NEXT-White is a High Pressure Xenon gas TPC with electroluminescent ampli¿cation, a 1:2 scale model of the future NEXT-100detector, which will be dedicated to neutrinoless double beta decay searches. NEXT-White has been operating at Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) since December2016. The drift parameters have been measured using 83mKr for a range of reduced drift ¿elds at two di¿erent pressure regimes, namely 7.2 bar and 9.1 bar. Theresults have been compared with Magboltz simulations. Agreement at the 5% level or better has been found for drift velocity, longitudinal di¿usion and transverse di¿usion.

[EN] Pluvial flash floods in urban areas are becoming increasingly frequent due to climate change and human actions, negatively impacting the life, work, production and infrastructure of a population. Pluvial flooding occurs when intense rainfall overflows the limits of urban drainage and water accumulation causes hazardous flash floods. Although flash floods are hard to predict given their rapid formation, Early Warning Systems (EWS) are used to minimize casualties. We performed a systematic review to define the basic structure of an EWS for rain flash floods. The structure of the review is as follows: first, Section 2 describes the most important factors that affect the intensity of pluvial flash floods during rainfall events. Section 3 defines the key elements and actors involved in an effective EWS. Section 4 reviews different EWS architectures for pluvial flash floods implemented worldwide. It was identified that the reviewed projects did not follow guidelines to design early warning systems, neglecting important aspects that must be taken into account in their implementation. Therefore, this manuscript proposes a basic structure for an effective EWS for pluvial flash floods that guarantees the forecasting process and alerts dissemination during rainfall events.

[EN] Prolonged and high intensity rainfall often saturates urban drainage systems and generates urban pluvial flooding, resulting in hazardous flash floods. The city most affected by urban flooding in Colombia (South America) is Barranquilla since lacks a proper storm water drainage system. Heavy rainfall produces flash floods to quickly become torrential streams that flow down the streets endangering pedestrians. This research describes a low-cost early warning system (EWS) to detect in real time the hazard level of a stream in an ungauged basin. The EWS indicates whether it is safe or not for pedestrians to cross a flooded street, based on certain criteria used to assess the hazard level of the torrent. A hydrological and hydraulic model calculates the flow, velocity and water level in all cross sections along the stream. The model uses only real-time measurements of rain gauges and topographic survey data to determine the hazard level. Finally, a wireless sensor network sends the alert to a web platform and warns the community in real time.

Diseño de un sistema para el control automático de un acuario mediante un microcontrolador que nos permitirá ajustar los diferentes parámetros como temperatura, horas de luz, tiempo del filtrado, etc. Todo ello a través de una interfaz gráfica implementada en una pantalla LCD táctil, la cual mostrará el estado del acuario en todo momento.

En este trabajo de final de grado se ha desarrollado una aplicación para la plataforma Android con el objetivo de fomentar el ejercicio físico entre el mayor rango de población posible y permitir al usuario tener información completa sobre sus entrenamientos. El resultado ha sido una aplicación cómoda y fácil de usar. Además, la aplicación tiene un gran contenido social que permitirá interactuar a diferentes usuarios y hacer deporte juntos. En la memoria se describirá el proceso completo del desarrollo de la aplicación, desde la exposición de la idea hasta la implementación, pasando por los objetivos que ha de cumplir y las herramientas que se han utilizado. También se explicará con detalle algunos aspectos técnicos, además de proponer posibles caminos para desarrollo futuro. Este trabajo ha sido realizado por Pablo Mainar Jovaní con la supervisión y ayuda del Doctor Francisco Ballester Merelo.

[EN] Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have been object of development by many companies and research groups. The scope where you can use this type of technology is manifold, whether in precision agriculture, home automation, industry, smart cities ... The project has been carried out at the Research Institute for Molecular Imaging (I3M) of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV). The aim of the project is the development of a gateway wireless network equipment (wireless sensor networks) to public network based on commercial platform Raspberry Pi. However, this is only one of the devices that make up the complete system. The system comprises a central server, a gateway or gateway (object development) and some nodes. The nodes are composed of different sensors, which measure the physical variables that are considered of interest to the final object system (reading soil moisture, air temperature, wind speed, etc) and communicate via radio frequency to 2.4 GHz with the Gateway. The Gateway is responsible for establishing 3G / 4G / Ethernet communication with the central server and transmit, interpret and, in some cases, store information provided by sensors nodes under the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The central server stores all measures to subsequently perform reading or modifying parameters, if required, sensors using a web application. The project successfully addresses the initial target. Development methods that have been used as well as the necessary tools and the test performed are described and specified in memory, [ES] Las redes de sensores inalámbricos han sido objeto de desarrollo por parte de multitud de empresas y grupos de investigación. El ámbito de aplicación donde se puede usar este tipo de tecnología es múltiple, ya sea en agricultura de precisión, domótica, industria, smart cities El proyecto, o trabajo de final de máster, se ha realizado en el Instituto de Investigación para Imagen Molecular (I3M) de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV). El objetivo del proyecto es el desarrollo de un equipo pasarela de red inalámbrica (redes de sensores inalámbricos) con red pública basado en plataforma comercial Raspberry Pi. Sin embargo, éste es solo uno de los dispositivos que conforman el sistema completo. El sistema está compuesto por un servidor central, un Gateway o puerta de enlace (objeto de desarrollo) y unos nodos. Los nodos están compuestos por distintos sensores, que miden las variables físicas que se consideran de interés para el objeto final del sistema (lectura de humedad de la tierra, temperatura ambiental, velocidad del viento, etc) y se comunican mediante radiofrecuencia a 2,4GHz con el Gateway. El Gateway es el encargado de establecer comunicación 3G/4G/Ethernet inalámbrica con el servidor central y transmitir, interpretar y, en algunos casos, almacenar la información proporcionada por los sensores de los nodos bajo el estándar IEEE 802.15.4. El servidor central almacenará todas las medidas para posteriormente realizar lecturas o modificar parámetros, si se requiere, de los sensores mediante una aplicación web. El proyecto aborda satisfactoriamente el objetivo inicial. Los métodos de desarrollo que se han utilizado así como las herramientas necesarias y el banco de pruebas realizado están descritos y especificados en la memoria.

[EN] The idea of the project is to develop a prototype of a smart lock. The lock will be found by two modules: one module will serve as a traditional lock, the other will run as a GPS-tracker in case of theft. The first module of the Smartlock will be formed by a microcontroller, a Bluetooth 4.0 module and a current sensor that will be responsible for determining whether the lock has been broken or opened/closed. The tracker module will consist of a Bluetooth module that will receive data from the lock, a GPS module for positioning and a transceiver that will communicate with a server. Both modules will be managed by its microcontroller. The transceiver operates in the 868 MHz ISM band, and it sends small data frames to a deployed network owned by the Sigfox company. In this way, we communicate with our database of an inexpensive and low-powered manner. In addition, this network is international, so our device will be free of international boundaries. The power is based on ILi rechargeable battery with microUSB charging., [ES] Aquest treball fi de màster desenvoluparà el prototip d'un pany intel·ligent. El pany constarà de dos mòduls: un mòdul que funcionarà com cadenat típic a l'ús, i un altre mòdul que farà de 'tracker' en cas de robatori. La part del pany estarà formada per un microcontrolador, un mòdul Bluetooth 4.0 i un sensor de corrent que serà l'encarregat de determinar si "han trencat el cadenat". El mòdul tracker estarà format per un mòdul Bluetooth per comunicar-se amb el mòdul cadenat, un GPS per posicionament i un transceptor per a la comunicació amb el servidor. Ambdós mòduls estaran gestionats pel seu respectiu microcontrolador. El transceptor funcionarà a la banda ISM de 868 MHz, i enviarà petites trames de dades a una xarxa 868MHz desplegada per una companyia anomenada Sigfox. D'aquesta manera, tindrem comunicació amb la nostra base de dades d'una forma econòmica, de baix consum i i global puix la xarxa SIGFOX es internacional. L'alimentació està basada en bateria recarregable de lLi, amb recàrrega amb micro-USB.

[EN] Conceptual products development, base don embedded systems to support the farming and medical sectors, [ES] Creación de productos conceptuales basados en sistemas embebidos, que brindan solución a problemáticas en el sector agrícola y farmacéutico.

La maduración de la fruta es muy variable, depende de muchos factores de los cuales muchos son incontrolables y pueden afectar a la calidad posterior de ésta, por tanto hay que controlar mucho la fruta para poder recogerla con una maduración correcta para la venta. Este proyecto es parte de otro más grande que tiene como finalidad el control de la maduración de la fruta (también puede aplicarse a otras funciones), mediante un sistema inalámbrico de fotografía, con muy bajo consumo, que obtenga una imagen mediante una cámara de definición alta, para posteriormente ser enviada de forma inalámbrica a un servidor. Concretamente la parte de que se realiza en este trabajo es un sistema de partición de la imagen, realizar la elección de dicha cámara, teniendo como objetivo una gran fiabilidad de transmisión, así como también un bajo consumo al ser un sistema no conectado a la red eléctrica, con lo cual tiene que estar alimentado con baterías recargables. Basándome en un proyecto anterior, con el que se realizaba la partición de una imagen de baja resolución, tenemos el objetivo de adecuar el código para realizar una correcta partición y un envío seguro y sin perdidas de la imagen a través de una red inalámbrica

En el proceso de fabricación de una locomotora, la realización y verificación del cableado está constituido por procesos largos y costosos. Ante la necesidad de una mejora del sistema de cableado convencional, se presenta a lo largo de este documento un estudio sobre el uso de lógica programable en los esquemas eléctricos de estos vehículos con el objetivo de ahorrar en costes de cableado y simplificar el diseño, montaje, revisión y mantenimiento. El estudio se realizará sobre el tren-tram Citylink desarrollado por Vossloh España S.A., destinado para circular por la cuidad de Sheffield (Londres) y que se encuentra en fase de desarrollo. A priori, a partir de los esquemas eléctricos funcionales y los unifilares del vehículo, se analizarán aquellas funciones llevadas a cabo mediante lógica cableada y que sean susceptibles a ser implementadas mediante lógica programada. Se realizará un estudio sobre la viabilidad de implementación y el ahorro de coste en cables, componentes y mano de obra que supondría la utilización de un equipo centralizado. Se estudiarán alternativas de diseño y se escogerá la más conveniente. Finalmente se desarrollará un prototipo y se demostrará su funcionalidad.

En esta tesis se describe un sistema para caracterizar el comportamiento de las tintas en cabezales piezoeléctricos, y se aplica sobre tintas kerajet.

En esta tesis doctoral se presenta el diseño y realización de arquitecturas VLSI de estimación de movimiento, en sus versiones de pixeles enteros y fraccionarios, para la etapa de predicción de la compensación de movimiento del estándar de codificación de video H.264/AVC. Las arquitecturas propuestas son estructuras de procesamiento pipeline-paralelas con alta eficiencia en su data_path y una administración optima de la memoria. Utilizando el algoritmo full-search block matching, los diseños cumplen los requerimientos de tamaño de bloque variable y resolución de ¼ de píxel del estándar con máxima calidad. Los estimadores de movimiento combinan las características de las arquitecturas consideradas en el estado del arte junto con la aplicación de nuevos esquemas y algoritmos hardware, en el proceso de codificación del componente luma de la señal de video. Diseñadas como coprocesadores de aceleración hardware para procesadores de 32 bits, las arquitecturas que se presentan han sido simuladas y sintetizadas para FPGA Virtex-4 de Xilinx, utilizando el lenguaje de descripción de hardware VHDL.