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A recent study conducted at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Vietnam focused on the phylogenetic and genotypic characteristics of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle in Tra Vinh province. The research revealed that the FMDV strains in Tra Vinh province belong to serotype O, topotype SEA/Mya-98, with mutations in the VP1 gene that may reduce the effectiveness of current vaccines. The study highlights the importance of understanding the genetic characteristics of FMDV strains to improve disease prevention strategies in livestock. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Pretoria conducted a study on wildlife in Kruger National Park, South Africa, and Etosha National Park, Namibia, to detect tick-borne pathogen coinfections and coexposures to foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis, and Q fever. The study found varying prevalence rates of these pathogens in different wildlife species, with significant differences between the two national parks. The research provides baseline data on over 40 pathogens in four wildlife species, contributing to the understanding of disease dynamics in southern Africa. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the ICAR - National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) conducted a study on the genomic exploration of foot-and-mouth disease signal molecules in the Malnad Gidda and Hallikar cattle breeds in Karnataka, India. The study identified 588 differentially expressed genes in FMD-infected cattle, with notable antiviral capabilities demonstrated by ISG15 and MX2. The research provides insights into potential interventions against foot-and-mouth disease in these specific cattle breeds, offering a foundation for future investigations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Airlangga in Surabaya, Indonesia, focused on the molecular characterization of the VP1 gene during a foot and mouth disease virus outbreak in East Java in 2022. The research aimed to determine the genotype and amino acid content of viral proteins, identifying the FMDV subtype as O/ME-SA/Ind2001e. The study highlighted the importance of surveillance and whole-genome sequence analyses for monitoring FMDV genetics in Indonesia, emphasizing the impact of less stringent animal traffic control measures on the spread of the virus in Southeast Asia. [Extracted from the article]

The patent application discussed in the article focuses on developing a vaccine for Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) that can provide protection against multiple subtypes of the virus. The vaccine includes a DNA plasmid encoding consensus FMDV antigens and capsid proteins VP1-4 from various FMDV subtypes. The application aims to address the need for a vaccine that can elicit an immune response against a wide range of FMDV epitopes, potentially offering a more effective and efficient solution to combat the economically destructive virus. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Lanzhou University in the People's Republic of China utilized Oxford Nanopore sequencing to analyze coinfection pathogens in cattle persistently infected with Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV). The research identified 23 viruses in FMDV carrier cattle, with FMDV, bovine orthopneumovirus, and Choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus being the top three pathogens. The presence of porcine circovirus type 2 and pepper mild mottle virus in FMDV carrier cattle suggests that multiple viral agents and mycoplasmas may contribute to persistent FMDV infection. The study underscores the importance of investigating multipathogen coinfection to understand the etiology of persistent FMDV infection. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Islamabad, Pakistan provides fresh data on foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMDV is a highly contagious viral illness that primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals. The research aimed to identify and profile the predominant FMDV serotypes circulating in Baluchistan bovine and buffalo populations. The study found that the 'O' serotype of FMDV was present in all specimens analyzed, and RT-PCR analysis confirmed its diagnostic efficacy. The researchers concluded that targeted serotype-specific interventions, strengthened surveillance, and strategic vaccination campaigns are necessary to address the endemic prevalence of the 'O' serotype in Balochistan. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Gansu Agricultural University have made new findings regarding foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). They discovered that the WD40 domain of ATG16L1, an abundant domain in eukaryotic genomes, is essential for non-canonical autophagy. By using CRISPR/cas9 technology to create a WD40 knockout cell line, they found that FMDV replication was enhanced in these cells compared to wild-type cells. Additionally, they identified differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with autophagy and innate immune responses. These findings contribute to our understanding of FMDV replication and virus-host interactions, potentially leading to new antiviral strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research conducted at Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, China, on the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The study focused on the enzymatic activities of the FMDV 2C protein, which is essential for the replication of the virus. The researchers found that the protein exhibited nuclease activity, but did not digest certain types of DNA or RNA. They also discovered that the protein had unwinding and RNA chaperone activities. Mutations in the protein affected its enzymatic activities. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the enzymatic activities of the FMDV 2C protein. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for a vaccine that targets foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and can be used in various mammals, including humans. FMDV is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and can have severe economic consequences. The patented vaccine aims to provide protection against different subtypes of FMDV and can generate an immune response in mammals. The patent also includes claims for isolated nucleic acids encoding specific proteins, as well as methods for administering the vaccine and diagnosing FMDV infection. The patent was filed in September 2021 and published in July 2024. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has focused on foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves. The study highlights the importance of early detection and characterization of the FMD virus (FMDV) to control outbreaks and prevent the spread of the disease. The researchers describe a direct RNA sequencing method using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) Flongle flow cells on MinION Mk1C (or GridION) to rapidly and cost-effectively characterize FMDV in endemic areas or outbreak investigation sites. This method offers a near real-time point of care (POC) solution for FMDV characterization. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Pirbright Institute in the United Kingdom has developed a novel system for detecting foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA. FMDV is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses. The researchers used a closed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) system to directly amplify the viral genome from clinical material without the need for nucleic acid extraction. The results showed that this extraction-free RT-LAMP assay, when combined with a low-cost hand-held heater, retained a high level of diagnostic and analytical sensitivity. This assay has the potential to be used at the point-of-need to provide rapid feedback on suspect cases of FMDV. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Kasetsart University in Thailand explored the potential use of naturally derived terpenoids as antiviral agents against foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMDV is a significant pathogen that affects cloven-hoof livestock, but there are currently no effective vaccines or specific antivirals available. Through virtual screening, the researchers identified several terpenoids that showed promising antiviral activity against FMDV in vitro. The study suggests that terpenoids from natural resources could be developed into anti-FMD agents, offering a potential solution for controlling the spread of the virus. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Gansu Agricultural University explores the use of nanoparticles as a platform for developing innovative vaccines for foot and mouth disease (FMD). The study focuses on the development of a ferritin-based nanoparticle (FNP) vaccine that displays a neutralizing epitope of the FMD virus on its surface. The researchers evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the FNP vaccine in mouse and guinea pig models, finding that it conferred partial protection against FMDV challenge in guinea pigs. The study concludes that FNP-based vaccines show promise for the development of highly efficient and safe FMD vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has examined the efficacy of foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccines in Africa. The study found that vaccinated animals have a significantly lower chance of FMDV infection compared to unvaccinated animals, with a risk ratio of 0.3073. The researchers concluded that properly planned and implemented FMDV vaccination programs in Africa could help control the spread of the disease on the continent and beyond. This research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of FMD vaccines and their potential impact on public health. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Lanzhou University in China have developed a potential vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The vaccine, administered nasally, was found to induce both local and systemic immune responses in mice and provided an 80% protection rate against a highly virulent strain of FMDV in guinea pigs. The researchers used nanotechnology to deliver the vaccine, attaching the vaccine to nanospheres that targeted antigen-presenting cells. This study suggests that the nasal vaccine could be an effective and cross-protective option for preventing FMDV infection. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University Gadjah Mada focused on the identification and molecular characterization of the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in Madura cattle and Ongole Grade cattle in Indonesia. The study aimed to provide information about the serotype, virus clustering, and additional molecular scientific data on FMDV circulating in the country. The researchers collected samples from animals showing clinical signs of FMD and detected FMDV infection in 46.15% of the samples. The sequencing results revealed amino acid sequence variations in the VP1 gene of the FMDV, and phylogenetic analysis identified the viruses as serotype 'O', topotype 'Middle East South Asia (ME-SA)', lineage 'Ind-2001', and sub-lineage 'e' (O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e). These viruses showed high homology to the viruses found at the beginning of the FMD outbreak in Indonesia in 2022. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, researchers have found that the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) enzyme plays a role in regulating the replication of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) by modulating host cell lipid metabolism and the formation of replication complexes. The study showed that overexpression of SCD1 or the addition of oleic acid (OA), a product of SCD1 activity, increased FMDV replication in certain cells. Inhibition of SCD1 activity also suppressed replication of other positive-sense RNA viruses. These findings suggest that SCD1 could be a potential target for developing drugs against positive-sense RNA virus infections. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, researchers have found that specific RNA sequences in the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are essential for viral RNA packaging. The pseudoknot (PK) region and the poly-(C) tract were identified as crucial elements in this process, with the length of the poly-(C) tract influencing the efficiency of RNA encapsidation. The study also identified other non-essential but beneficial packaging signals in the FMDV genome. These findings suggest that interactions with capsid precursors control the fate of viral genomes, either leading to packaging or serving as templates for replication and protein translation. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Faisalabad, Pakistan, has provided new insights into the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The virus is highly contagious and affects cloven-hooved animals, leading to reduced productivity and trade restrictions. The study focused on the role of amino acid substitutions in the virus's capsid proteins, which play a crucial role in virus adaptation and receptor tropism. The findings could potentially aid in the development of new vaccine strains against FMDV through reverse genetic engineering and synthetic biology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency in South Korea has found that the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) has become dominant in East and Southeast Asia. In May 2023, this viral lineage spread to the Republic of Korea, causing 11 outbreaks on cattle and goat farms. The infected animals displayed typical FMD symptoms, and genetic analysis confirmed that the causative FMDVs belonged to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e lineage. Prompt implementation of emergency vaccination and active surveillance successfully prevented further spread of the disease. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding transboundary pathways to reduce the risk of reintroduction of FMD in South Korea. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at IPB University in Indonesia conducted a study to investigate the potential transmission of the foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus through raw salted cowhide imported from Malaysia. The study collected 21 samples from bulk containers of raw salted cowhide imported through Tanjung Priok Port. Using real-time q Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), the researchers found that the salted raw cowhide was free from the FMD virus. The study suggests the need for continuous monitoring and surveillance protocols for salted rawhide imported from non-free countries at other points of entry. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on foot and mouth disease virus from the Federal Centre for Animal Health. The study highlights the importance of molecular epidemiological studies in monitoring and tracking the virus. These studies have revealed the genetic diversity of the virus and its evolution in different regions. The research also identifies the emergence of two panzootics, which are likely a result of economic globalization. The study concludes that the results of molecular epidemiological studies are crucial in selecting vaccine strains for preventive vaccination in high-risk areas. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract from biorxiv.org, the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) contains a highly conserved and essential structure called the short (S) fragment. The precise function of this structure is unclear, but it is believed to play a role in viral replication. Researchers used selective 2' hydroxyl acetylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) to determine aspects of the structure and found that deletions in the stem loop of the S fragment affected genome replication in a size-dependent and host cell-dependent manner. Additionally, during the passage of viruses with the largest tolerated deletion, an additional mutation was selected in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, suggesting an interaction between the S fragment and the polymerase in the formation of the FMDV replication complex. This research has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Dhaka in Bangladesh has characterized the complete genome of a strain of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) belonging to the novel lineage O/ME-SA/SA-2018. The genome of the isolate, named My-466, is 8216 nucleotides long and contains a highly variable VP1 protein with crucial mutations in the major antigenic region. The researchers believe that this complete genome information will be valuable for implementing control measures to limit the spread of this newly emerged FMDV strain. The study was published in the journal Heliyon. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat, Oman, focused on the detection and characterization of the Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) in the country. The study collected oral epithelial tissue samples from suspected cases of FMD in different regions of Oman between 2018 and 2021. The researchers detected FMDV RNA in all samples and identified the strains as serotype A within the G-I genotype of the A/AFRICA topotype. These strains were found to be closely related to viruses circulating in Bahrain and Kenya. The study highlights the importance of implementing effective quarantine measures to prevent the transmission of FMD through the importation of cattle from East Africa. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Jeonbuk National University in South Korea explored potential natural inhibitors against the 3C protease of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). FMDV is a highly infectious animal disease that primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. The researchers used a structure-based virtual screening method to identify five potential compounds with strong binding affinity to the 3C protease. These compounds have the potential to be developed into natural therapeutics for the management of FMD. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Hebei Agricultural University in China have conducted a study on foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). They found that mast cells can recognize FMDV-like particles and produce different cytokines. The study focused on the role of chromatin accessibility in this process and identified several signaling pathways and transcription factors involved. The researchers concluded that understanding the regulation of cytokine expression by mast cells could contribute to the development of a novel vaccine for FMDV. This information is available in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Pirbright Institute have developed a panel of real-time RT-PCR assays to differentiate between different lineages of the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) circulating in Asia. The panel includes five new assays and three previously published assays, allowing for the rapid characterization of FMDV strains at a relatively low cost. These assays will enhance the ability of laboratories in endemic countries to accurately identify and control FMDV outbreaks, particularly in areas where sequencing capability is limited. The research was published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science. [Extracted from the article]

Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC has been issued a patent for genetically engineered foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus and related proteins, polynucleotides, compositions, methods, and systems. FMD is a viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and other mammals. The patent describes genetically modified FMD viruses with protein tags inserted into the viral capsid, which can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, and production purposes. The patent also includes a vaccine comprising the genetically modified FMDV and functionalized nanolipoprotein particles. The vaccine can be used to treat or prevent FMD in animals. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Lanzhou University in China have developed a nanovaccine that enhances protection against foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The nanovaccine, which is based on self-assembling nanoparticles, combines the VP1 protein of FMDV with flagellin, a biological immune enhancer. The fusion proteins were found to assemble into nanoparticles with high thermal tolerance and stability, and they stimulated high levels of cytokines in guinea pigs, providing clinical protection against viral infection. This research offers new insights for the development of a novel FMD vaccine. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Lanzhou University in China has shed light on the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and its ability to suppress the innate immune response. The researchers focused on the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which is involved in antiviral gene expression. They discovered that the Lb leader protease (Lbpro) of FMDV inhibits IFN-13-induced signaling transduction by interacting with STAT1 and STAT2, two transcription factors involved in the pathway. Lbpro was found to cleave STAT1 and STAT2, inhibiting their function and revealing a novel mechanism for viral immune evasion. [Extracted from the article]