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In order to curb the high incidence of stroke and reduce the rate of death and disability in the acute phase of stroke, the Health Commission of Henan Province has successively established the Henan Stroke Prevention and Treatment Center and the Henan Stroke Quality Control Center to take charge of the construction of stroke centers in Henan province. We have established stroke prevention and quality control system in the provincial, municipal, and county levels, and have actively promoted the continuous input from local governments. The hospital dean forum, regional advanced stroke center visits and exchanges, and appropriate techniques training on stroke prevention and treatment are regularly carried out, which effectively promotes the service capacity of stroke centers. The Health Commission of Henan Province has included the construction of stroke centers as a necessary condition for hospital level evaluation. Through measures such as implementing rapid stroke emergency response, increasing screening and evaluation of high-risk groups for stroke, widely conducting early stroke identification and education, and establishing the management system of stroke centers, the number and quality of stroke centers have been significantly improved. Appropriate techniques such as intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombolysis and carotid endarterectomy have been developed rapidly in Henan province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of stroke centers and quality control has been a hot topic in the field of stroke treatment in recent years. China’s construction of stroke centers, through the integration of medical resources and multidisciplinary collaboration, has formed a regional organized stroke treatment network that integrates pre-hospital identification and transfer, acute phase treatment, early rehabilitation, secondary prevention, follow-up education, quality inspection and improvement. A standardized, efficient, and standardized system for stroke treatment and quality control has been established, which plays a crucial role in standardizing and enhancing the diagnosis and efficiency of stroke in medical institutions, promoting the improvement of medical service quality, and reducing the burden of disease. The construction of the emergency map focuses on how to reduce time delay in emergency response and acute phase treatment, including pre-hospital identification and emergency dispatch. China has gradually built a “national-province-prefecture-level city” three-tier stroke emergency map system, constructing a “regional stroke emergency map” centered on prefecture-level cities. The construction of China’s stroke emergency green channel has developed rapidly in the past 10 years. Medical institutions at all levels have established multidisciplinary teams for acute stroke diagnosis and treatment, changed the patient flow from serial to parallel, carried out detailed quality inspections and continuous improvements, and gradually improved efficiency using information technology, effectively reducing in-hospital delays, increasing thrombolysis rates, and improving clinical efficacy. Primary medical institutions face the vast number of stroke patients more directly. However, due to disadvantages in medical hardware, talent reserves, and institutional mechanisms, it is extremely challenging to bridge the “last mile” of stroke treatment. The proactive exploration conducted in Henan province is worth referencing and learning from. Stroke units can significantly improve the clinical outcomes of acute stroke patients. Their construction covers acute phase treatment, secondary prevention, early rehabilitation, and health education for stroke patients, requiring enhanced multidisciplinary collaboration. Mobile stroke units are an innovative model that extends stroke treatment to the pre-hospital stage. They can significantly shorten the time from onset to thrombolysis decision and have high safety. Their promotion and application are crucial for improving the treatment level of stroke patients. In terms of quality control of stroke centers, China has initially formed a three-tier quality control network of “national-province-prefecture-level city”, forming a relatively comprehensive quality control network system covering different levels nationwide. However, facing significant socio-economic development disparities, the future construction of stroke centers and quality control work remains a long journey ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

：To investigate the effect of the amount of straw returning on the biological characteristics of lime concretion black soil, we used the wheat – corn rotation system as a research object and analyzed the changes in the enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and bacterial community of the soil under the conditions of 0（CK）, 1/3（S3）, 2/3（S6）, and 100%（S9）returning amounts of maize straw. The results showed that the S6 and S9 treatments significantly increased the contents of organic carbon（by 12.9% and 14.4%, respectively）, alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen（by 21.4% and 25.6%, respectively）, available phosphorus（by 17.9% and 20.5%, respectively）, and available potassium（by 25.9% and 29.8%, respectively）in the soils. All the straw returning treatments significantly increased the activities of urease and cellulase and the content of microbial biomass carbon by 22.5%~44.6%, 23.9%~52.1% and 16.6%~46.7%, respectively. Moreover, theS6 and S9 treatments significantly increased the xylanase activity（by 32.7% and 21.2%, respectively）and the content of microbial biomass nitrogen（by 53.5% and 54.4%, respectively）. Compared with the CK treatment, the S6 and S9 treatments significantly increased the bacterial community diversity, whereas the S3 treatment did not. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial phyla. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria significantly decreased by 2.6~4.7 percentage points under the straw returning treatments, whereas the relative abundance of Proteobacteria significantly increased 3.8 and 4.9 percentage points under the S6 and S9 treatments, respectively. Acidothermus, Bryobacter, and Bacillus were the dominant bacterial genera. The relative abundance of Bacillus significantly increased by 1.2~2.9 percentage points under straw returning treatments, whereas the relative abundance of Bryobacter significantly decreased by 1.4 and 1.8 percentage points under the S6 and S9 treatments, respectively. The RDA result showed that organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and urease were the key factors affecting the bacterial community. In conclusion, 2/3（6 000 kg · hm-2 ）and 100%（9 000 kg · hm-2 ）returning amounts of maize straw in lime concretion black soil can improve soil nutrients and biological characteristics of soil. The returning amounts of maize straw can be selected according to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the detection of bone marrow tumor cells in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients and their relationship with clinical features, treatment response and prognosis. Methods A total of 113patients with newly diagnosed SCLC from January 2018 to October 2022 at Beijing Chest Hospital were prospectively enrolled. Before treatment, bone marrow was aspirated and separately submitted for tumor cells detection by liquid-based cytology and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) detection by the substrction enrichment and immunostaining fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) platform. The correlation between the detection results of the two methods with patients' clinical features and treatment response was evaluated by Chi-square. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to create survival curves and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results The positive rate of bone marrow liquid-based cytology in SCLC was 15.93% (18/113). The liver and bone metastases rates were significantly higher (55.56% vs 11.58% for liver metastasis, P＜0.001; 77.78% vs 16.84% for bone metastasis, P＜0.001) and thrombocytopenia was more common (16.67% vs 2.11%, P=0.033) in patients with tumor cells detected in liquid-based cytology than those without detected tumor cells. As for SE-iFISH, DTCs were detected in 92.92% of patients (105/113), the liver and bone metastasis rates were significantly higher (37.93% vs 11.90% for liver metastasis, P=0.002; 44.83% vs 20.23 % for bone metastasis, P=0.010), and the incidence of thrombocytopenia was significantly increased (13.79% vs 1.19%, P=0.020) in patients with DTCs≥111 per 3 ml than those with DTCs＜111 per 3 ml. The positive rates of bone marrow liquid-based cytology in the disease control group and the disease progression group were 12.00% (12/100) and 46.15% (6/13), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.002). However, the result of SE-iFISH revealed the DTCs quantities of the above two groups were 29 (8,110) and 64 (15,257) per 3 ml, and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P=0.329). Univariate analysis depicted that the median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) of liquid-based cytology positive patients were significantly shorter than those of tumor cell negative patients (6.33 months vs 9.27 months for PFS, P=0.019; 8.03 months vs 19.50 months for OS, P=0.019, P=0.033). The median PFS and median OS in patients with DTCs≥111 per 3 ml decreased significantly than those with DTCs＜111 per 3 ml (6.83 months vs 9.50 months for PFS, P=0.004; 11.2 months vs 20.60 months for OS, P=0.019). Multivariate analysis showed that disease stage (HR=2.806, 95%CI: 1.499-5.251, P=0.001) and DTCs quantity detected by SE-iFISH (HR=1.841, 95%CI:1.095-3.095, P=0.021) were independent factors of PFS, while disease stage was the independent factor of OS (HR=2.538, 95%CI: 1.169-5.512, P=0.019). Conclusions Both bone marrow liquid-based cytology and SE-iFISH are clinically feasible. The positive detection of liquid-based cytology or DTCs≥111 per 3 ml was correlated with distant metastasis, and DTCs≥ 111 per 3 ml was an independent prognostic factor of decreased PFS in SCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further improve the accuracy and efficiency of predicted compressible flowfields arounds airfoils at high Reynolds number, large angle of attack (AoA), and high Mach numbers, a machine learning inference method based on coordinate transformation method and UNet neural network is propesed. Firstly, a novel coordinate transformation method for data pre-processing is developed. This method transforms physical quantities and grid information in computational fluid dynamics into spatial information of neural network, making the distribution of flowfield information more in line with the input requirements of the neural network. Secondly, an improved deep UNet neural network is established, allowing the model to learn the fine and complex localized flow characteristics of the airfoil flowfield. The two innovative methods are combined to establish a machine learning inference method for the compressible flowfield of airfoils, and a fast and high-precision inference model is obtained. Finally, the flowfields and aerodynamic forces of different types of airfoils are predicted and analyzed, and results are compared with those from traditional machine learning method. The results show that the machine learning inference method proposed in this paper can better predict the compressible flowfield of airfoils, and can better capture the complex flow behavior at high Reynolds numbers, and predict the flow separation and shock waves phenomena under high Mach numbers with large AoA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ｔｈｅ ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃ ｊｕｍｐ ｉｎ ｒｅｃｔａｎｇｕｌａｒ， ｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌ ａｎｄ ａｂｒｕｐｔ ｅｎｌａｒｇｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ ｗａｓ ａｎａｌｙｚｅｄ． Ｂａｓｅｄ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃ ｊｕｍｐｓ ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｂｏｔｈ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ａｎｄ ａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌ ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ ｉｎ ａｂｒｕｐｔ ｅｎｌａｒｇｅｍｅｎｔｓ ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ， ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｏｕｔ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ ｓｉｄｅ ｗａｌｌ ａｖｅｒａｇｅ ｄｅｐｔｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｒｅ⁃ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｚｏｎｅ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｕｄｄｅｎ ｅｎｌａｒｇｅｍｅｎｔ ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ ｃｒｏｓｓ ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｗａｓ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｏｗ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｈｅａｄ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｒａｔｉｏ ｏｆ ｕｐｓｔｒｅａｍ ａｎｄ ｄｏｗｎｓｔｒｅａｍ ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ ｗｉｄｔｈｓ， ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ａｓｓｕｍｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ａｖｅｒａｇｅ ｄｅｐｔｈ ｅｑｕａｌｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｏｗ ｅｎｅｒｇｙ ｈｅａｄ ｔｉｍｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎ ｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ， ｗｈｉｃｈ ｗａｓ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｅｒｍｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｆｌｏｗ Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ ｎｕｍｂｅｒ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｒａｔｉｏ ｏｆ ｕｐｓｔｒｅａｍ ａｎｄ ｄｏｗｎｓｔｒｅａｍ ｃｈａｎｎｅｌ ｗｉｄｔｈｓ ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｓｏｍｅ ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ｄａｔａ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ． Ｔｈｅｎ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｑｕｅｎｔ ｄｅｐｔｈｓ ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ ｗａｓ ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄ ｂｙ ｐｌｕｇｇｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ａｖｅｒａｇｅ ｗａｔｅｒ ｄｅｐｔｈ ｉｎｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｑｕｅｎｔ ｄｅｐｔｈｓ ｒａｔｉｏ． Ａｎｄ ｉｔ ｃｏｕｌｄ ｂｅ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｔｈａｔ ｔｈｅ ｓｅｑｕｅｎｔ ｄｅｐｔｈｓ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｅｄ ｂｙ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ ｗｅｒｅ ｉｎ ｇｏｏｄ ａｇｒｅｅｍｅｎｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ ｄａｔａ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ， ｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｇｈｅｒ ｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ａｃｃｕｒａｃｙ ｔｈａｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ ｆｏｒｍｕｌａ． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the fracture risk by FRAX score and duration of diabetes. Methods A total of 278 people with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and their clinical data were collected. We evaluate the 10-year probability of hip fracture (PHF) and a major osteoporotic fracture (PMOF) using the FRAX algorithm in order to investigate association between FRAX score and duration of diabetes. Results Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1-4) and the femoral neck (FN) in DM group increased with increasing of duration of type 2 diabetes (P>0.05). However, with the increase of duration, there was gradually increasing trend in PMOF and PHF (P<0.05). Conclusion There is close correlation among PHF, PMOF, and duration in type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, damage to bone tissue microstructure, increased bone fragility, and susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is a multifactorial and polygenic disease, which is the result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. This article discusses the biological characteristics of Calcitonin receptor gene, parathyroid hormone receptor gene, estrogen receptor gene, tumor necrosis factor gene, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor gene, osteoprotegerin gene, transforming growth factor gene, vitamin D receptor gene, type I collagen gene and their association with bone density, osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures, which are the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis The development and research of new drugs provide molecular biology basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using industrial coal and ethyl orthosilicate as raw materials and NiCl2 as catalyst, the microwave-induced catalyst was used to synthesize SiC fibers. The effects of catalyst concentration and temperature on SiC fibers were discussed, and the microwave-absorbing properties of SiC fibers were studied. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and vector network analyzer. The results show that various morphologies of SiC can be formed by NiCl2 catalyst with different concentration. When the catalyst concentration is 5%, nano-SiC fibers can be formed. SiC can be prepared by microwave heating at 900 ℃ for 30 min under the action of 5% NiCl2 catalyst. The magnetic linear Si-Ni compounds formed during the preparation process can promote the rapid formation of SiC fibers. When the thickness of SiC fiber is 4mm and the frequency is 4.06 GHz, the RL of SiC fiber reaches-36.74 dB, showing excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance. The results provide theoretical and experimental basis for microwave induced preparation of high performance wave absorbing SiC fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of unified coordinate system involved in the robot calibration with the help of laser tracker,the transformation relation between robot nominal base frame and the fitting base frame of spatial geometric method by laser tracker was researched,a calibration method of robot base frame using dual quaternion was proposed and applied.The 7-DOF serial robot kinematics model was established by the product-of-exponential formula,and calibration model for robot base frame using dual quaternion was derived.The results indicate that the calibration method can calculate the rotation and translation of the calibration equation at one time,overcome the error transfer in the traditional pose-step calculation process and improve the calibration accuracy directly.The calibration method is useful to other problem that formulates in the same mathematical form,such as robot hand-eye system calibration and multi-robot coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because some laboratory personnel in colleges and universities lack safety consciousness, the laboratory safety management system is not sound and safety education work does not reach the designated position，causes sudden accidents have occurred frequently. These accidents seriously affects the normal operation of the teaching, and scientific research and development. Through the analysis of the relationship of laboratory safety management and psychological intervention, the paper aimed at the safety accident prevention and management of laboratory, establishing presented safety accident management of psychological intervention mechanism. From the "four square", psychological regulation network that are organization adjustment, leadership adjustment, peer adjustment and self adjustment of psychological regulation network of "four square", we using used the correct psychological intervention method, and through the establishment ofed a stable psychological security network, to avoid the mistakes resulted bystrengthening human behavior and reasonable use in the experimental processes, of the mistakes of human behavior control and reasonable use of We also applied positive reinforcement or psychological crisis intervention methods such as laboratory safety before the accident, to realize accident prevention and intervention, of the control and guidance in, accidents, psychological later adjustment and improvement after accidents, to These measures ensured that the human factor played a right role in the laboratory safety accidents management play a right role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research collect and evaluate the current content of probationer nurse clinical teaching on the basis of Ebbinghaus learning theory, and to develop a quantitative teaching management scale, which can provide a reference for the probationer nurses. Methods: The content of probationer nurse clinical practicing include nursing operation, psychology and education, which were collected by searching the CNKI database. According to the Delphi method, the teaching management scale was designed after investigating the expert opinions, then the index weight was determined. Results: The final teaching management scale includes the 3 first-level factors, namely, the basic operation, specialized operation and health education; 43 second-level factors were the venous transfusion, horizontal change and axis turning. Conclusion: Establishing the clinical teaching management scale could provide a reference for the probationer nurse standardized training in order to lay the foundation of teaching effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

肝细胞移植是将分离纯化的肝细胞植人患者体内暂时性地对遗传性代谢性肝病和急性肝哀竭等患者提 供代谢性支持，具有价廉、操作简单、可重复进行、移植细胞可体外培养增殖及冷冻保存等优点，还可进行基因修 饰，是B前的研究热点。脂肪组织中的间充质干细胞可分化为神经元、内皮细胞、肌细胞、成骨细胞、成软骨细胞 等，并可横向分化为肝前体细胞和肝细胞，其具有取材容易.增殖能力强.体外培养、传代及扩增容易，可以直接取 材于患者本人，能避免移植只免疫排斥反应的发生等特点。近年来脂肪间充质干细胞移植治疗急性肝功能哀竭用 于临床并其作用机制的研究取得了一定进展。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a serious environmental and safety health problem, and the study of the distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of high arsenic groundwater can provide a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater resources in high arsenic areas and the water safety of local residents. Based on the measured data of 195 groundwater samples in the Aksu River Basin of Xinjiang, the geostatistics method, Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram and correlation analysis were used to analyze the distribution characteristics and causes of high arsenic groundwater in the study area. The results show that the concentration of arsenic in groundwater ranged from 0. 05 μg / L to 210 μg / L, with an average of 8. 66 μg / L, 15. 09% to 27. 27% of each counties and cities are high arsenic groundwater with arsenic content is greater than or equal to 10 μg / L. The overall concentration of arsenic in groundwater is confined water > unconfined water, mid-downstream > upstream, and the high-arsenic groundwater is mainly distributed in the mid-downstream of Aksu River Basin in the southeast of the study area. The study area has the geological conditions for the formation of primary high-arsenic groundwater, which is mainly controlled by natural factors. The main hydrochemical types of high arsenic-groundwater are SO4·Cl-Na and SO4·HCO3 -Na. Desorption of arsenic in alkaline environment, competitive adsorption of adsorbed arsenic and anions generated by desulphurizing acid and rock weathering results in the increase of the concentration of arsenic in groundwater. In addition, the slow hydrodynamic conditions and strong evaporation and concentration in the middownstream of Aksu River Basin further enriched the concentration of arsenic in groundwater. The research results have practical implications for the sustainable development and utilization of groundwater resources and ecological environmental protection in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kashgar river basin is located in Kashgar region in the southwest of Xinjiang. It has an arid and semi-arid climate. Affected by natural conditions and human agricultural activities, the problem of soil salinization in the basin is very serious. Taking Kashgar River Basin as the research object, according to the sampled and detected soil soluble salt data and the collected soil salinization related data in the study area in previous years, this paper summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil salinization in the study area by using geostatistics, GIS technology, dynamic degree model and gravity center transfer model, and analyzes the salinization evolution law on time scale. The results show that: (1) The mild and moderate soil salinization in the study area is distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the basin, while the severe and extremely severe salinization are distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the basin; (2) The soil salinization in the whole study area generally accelerated from 1970 to 2010, and the degree of salinization fluctuated and slowed down from 2010 to 2019; (3) The center of gravity of mild and moderate soil salinization in the study area moves to the southwest and Aktao county and Yingjisha county, while the center of gravity of severe and extremely severe saline land moves to the northeast and Jiashi county and Yuepuhu county. The research results have practical significance for soil salinization control and agricultural sustainable development in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of entecavir combined with Xinganbao capsules in the treatment of liver cirrhosis among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). MethodsSixty CHB patients with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n=30) given entecavir combined with Xinganbao capsules and control group (n=30) given entecavir alone. The course of treatment was 6 months. The treatment outcomes were evaluated based on liver function, serum fibrosis markers, and imaging findings of the liver and spleen. Comparison of continuous data between groups was made by t test, while comparison of categorical data was made by chi-square test. ResultsAfter treatment, the treatment group had significantly lower serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (P<0.05), significantly reduced serum fibrosis markers (P<0.01), and significantly improved imaging findings of the liver and spleen (P<0.01), as compared with the control group. ConclusionEntecavir combined with Xinganbao capsules can improve liver function, reduce hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and decrease portal pressure and spleen thickness in the treatment of liver cirrhosis among CHB patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the risk profile of venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) and evaluate VTE prophylaxis implementation of the hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study. Methods The data of hospitalized cancer patients in the DissolVE 2 study were analyzed. The risk distribution of VTE, preventive measures and in-hospital VTE events of hospitalized patients with tumors were described by percentage and 95% confident interval ( CI). Results A total of 1 535 cancer patients were included. According to the Padua score, 826 (53.8%) patients were at low risk of VTE, while 709 (46.2%) patients were at high VTE risk. VTE events occurred in 4 low-risk patients (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.1%, 1.2%) and 5 high-risk patients (0.7%; 95%CI: 0.2%, 1.6%). The overall incidence was 0.6% (9/1 535, 95%CI: 0.3%, 1.1%). Among patients with high VTE risk, 666 (93.9%) did not receive any VTE prophylaxis, and only 11 (1.6%) patients received appropriate VTE prophylaxis. Among patients who received VTE prevention, no VTE event was observed. Conclusions Nearly half of the hospitalized cancer patients are at high risk of VTE, but most of them don't receive VTE prophylaxis. The results reflect the insufficient management of VTE risk for hospitalized cancer patients in China, and improvement of awareness and practice of VTE prophylaxis is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The connection mechanism between the main shaft and gearbox plays a very important role in the transmission chain of wind turbines, although pin-bolt connection is increasingly adopted, few research has focused on the corresponding ultimate and fatigue strength during the torque transmission. Therefore, a finite element model was established to evaluate the ultimate strength and fatigue strength of the pin-bolt connection. Firstly, a finite element model including the pin sleeve, bolt, main shaft and gearbox was established. Then, the ultimate strength of each component was verified and the stress situation of the structure under different torques was analyzed. Finally, a method for calculating structural fatigue strength considering nonlinear stress conditions was also proposed and the fatigue strength of the structure was verified. The research results indicate that torque transmission in pin-bolt connection can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the torque transmission of the outer bolt. The second torque transmission stage relates to the outer pin sleeve and inner bolt. The third torque transmission stage relates to the outer pin sleeve and inner pin sleeve. Since a significant nonlinear relationship between the load and stress is present during the torsion transmission, nonlinearity needs to be considered in the analysis of structural fatigue strength. The highest stress and fatigue occur in the hole of main shaft side, the stress is 553 MPa and the fatigue value is 0.135 5, therefore in structural design, the strength of the main shaft interface is key in ensuring the reliability of the connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of entecavir (ETV) rescue treatment in chronic hepatitis B ( CHB) patients at the onset of rtA181 V/T mutation. Methods A total of 174 CHB patients who were treated in the outpatient and inpatient departments of The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2012 to January 2017 and underwent the detection of drug - resistance mutations of the genes in the reverse transcription ( RT ) polymerase region were enrolled, among whom there were 72 previously untreated patients and 102 treatment - experienced patients with virological breakthrough or poor response. The association between the previous medication history of nucleos( t ) ide analogues and the mutation pattern ( including rtA181 V/T ) was evaluated in the treatment - experienced CHB patients. A total of 155 patients were enrolled, among whom 72 patients had no drug - resistance mutations, 45 had rtA181 V/T mutation, and 38 had rtA181 V/T+ rtN236T mutation. The three groups were compared in terms of virologic response and biochemical parameters at baseline and at weeks 24 and 48 of ETV rescue treatment. The t - test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and a one - way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups; the Kruskal - Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups . The chi - square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to screen out the influencing factors for poor prognosis . Results A analysis of the previous medication history of N As and the mutation patterns for all patients suggested that the patients with the medication history of multiple N As tended to have multisite mutations and multi - drug resistance (X² =4. 295, P < 0. 05 ) . The level of HBV DNA at the time of virological breakthrough was lower than that at the time of initial administration of NAs in the rtA181 V/T mutation group [ ( 6. 22 ±1.48) log10 IU/ ml vs (7. 08±1. 59) log10 IU/ ml, t = 3. 098, P = 0. 002 J and the rtA181 V/T+ rtN236T mutation group [ ( 5. 94 ± 1. 45) log10 IU/ ml vs ( 6. 94 ± 1. 61) log10 IU/ ml, t = 2. 850, P = 0. 004 J. At week 48 of ETV rescue treatment, there were no significant differences between the three groups in HBV DNA negative conversion rate ( 83. 3 % vs 82. 2% vs 81. 6%, P > 0. 05) and HBeAg negative conversion rate ( 22. 2% vs 17. 8% vs 21. 1 %, P > 0. 05), and there were also no significant differences in alanine aminotransferase normalization rate ( 77. 1 % vs 85 . 2 % vs 83 . 3 %, P > 0. 05 ), aspartate aminotransferase normalization rate ( 80. 4% vs 75. 9% vs 76. 0%, P > 0. 05 ), and total bilirubin normalization rate ( 80. 8% vs 79. 3% vs 78. 1 %, P > 0. 05). HBV DNA level at the beginning of ETV treatment was the risk factor for the treatment outcome of 48 -week antiviral therapy (odds ratio = 1. 655, 95% confidence interval: 1. 128 -2. 428, P = 0. 01 ) . Conclusion ETV has a good antiviral effect in treatment - experienced CHB patients with rtA181 drug - resistance mutation, and HBV DNA level at the initiation of ETV treatment can predict the outcome of 48 - week ETV rescue treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For measuring the effectiveness of a happy river building, searching the problems faced by a happy river building and exploring a new path for a happy river building within the framework of economic and social development, this paper explored the multi-level connotation of happiness through river ethics, Marxist view of happiness and Xi Jinping thought on ecological civilization. This paper, basing on analyzing the development direction and specific requirements of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, focusing on the characteristics of social governance such as process, harmonization, diversity and interaction, simultaneously focusing on the modernization degree of governance system and governance capacity and governance effectiveness from the four perspectives of structure, process, function and service, built the evaluation index system of a happy river, which could provide a new method and path for comprehensive evaluation of regional water governance work from a broader perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor ( VDＲ) gene BsmⅠand FokⅠin Han females aged 35- 85 years in Changchun city and to analyze their relationship with bone mineral density． Methods Polymorphisms of Bsm Ⅰand Fok Ⅰwere analyzed by PCＲ-ＲFLP，and lumbar spine ( L1-4) BMD were measured using Hologic Discovery-WA-type bone densitometer． 230 objects were grouped into postmenopausal group and premenopausal group，then we observed the distribution characteristics of each genotype． SPSS 19. 0 software was used to analyze the experimental result ． Ｒesults In the present study， the genotype distributions of BsmⅠwere bb ( 83. 9%) ，Bb ( 12. 6%) and BB ( 3. 5%) ． The b allele frequency was as high as 90. 2% and the B allele frequency was 9. 8%． The genotype distributions of FokⅠwere ff ( 18. 3%) ，Ff ( 43. 9%) and FF ( 37. 8%) ． The frequency of f allele was 40. 2% and the frequency of F allele was 59. 8%． The distribution of genotypes of both sites were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg law ( χ2 = 1. 283，P = 0. 125; χ2 = 0. 96，P = 0. 342) ． There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between the premenopausal group and the postmenopausal group ( P ＞ 0. 05 ) ． In both premenopausal group and postmenopausal group，BMD for each genotype of BsmⅠwas not significantly different ( P ＞ 0. 05) ． BMD of FokⅠff type was lower than that of FF type and Ff type; BMD of these three genotypes was not significantly different in the premenopausal group ( P ＞ 0. 05) ，but BMD of ff type was lower than that of FF type in postmenopausal group ( P ＜ 0. 05) ． Conclusion In this study in 230 Han women aged 35 to 85 years，the distribution of BsmⅠgenotype was mainly bb，the b allele frequency was as high as 90. 2%，and there was no significant difference in BMD between each genotype; FokⅠff type had lower BMD，but there was no significant difference in the premenopausal group，and in postmenopausal women ff type was associated with lower BMD． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective A sample survey was conducted on the information literacy of medical staff in secondary and tertiary hospitals in 10 cities of Henan Province to study its current situation, provide data support for making scientific research, science and education decisions, and provide reference for information services.Methods Using the standardized medical staff information literacy evaluation questionnaire, the medical staff of many second-tier and third-tier hospitals in various cities of Henan Province were investigated from May to November 2021.Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and other methods were used to analyze the research data.Results A total of 952 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey.The average score of information literacy of medical staff was low [ (51.05±13.50）points],and there was a large gap between subjective information literacy ability [ (71.54±12.29）points] and objective ability [ (30.56±20.52）points].The highest score of the four dimensions of information literacy was information morality, followed by information consciousness and information knowledge, and the lowest was information ability. The gender, age, education, department, years of practice, and hospital level of medical staff had significant differences in information literacy scores (P<0.01）.The most selected methods of information behavior and demand survey were: The most selected information behaviors and needs surveys were: 758 people (79.62%） often used web search engines or professional databases; 812 people (85.29%） needed to strengthen literature retrieval skills; 798 people (83.82%） commonly used domestic medical databases; 825 people (86.66%） paid attention to academic and professional knowledge; 831 people (87.29%） solved clinical problems; 884 people (92.86%） were able to correctly judge and use legal means to collect data; 830 people (87.18%） could combine new information with personal experience and try new knowledge in practical application. Conclusion The information literacy level of the medical staff in this survey was relatively low. So researchers will need to strengthen the practice and expansion research in the aspects of information literacy education and training, hospital information management and construction, hospital library construction and service, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective To observe the changing level of immune regulating factor transforming growth factor-β ( TGF-β), interleukin 17 ( IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and bone mineral density ( BMD), study the correlation between immune regulatory factors and bone mineral density. Methods 88 PMOP patients visited in our hospital from May 2019 to June 2020 were selected to collect general information, including age, height, weight and menopausal age. All patients were measured the levels of BMD, TGF-β, 1L-17, and TNF-α before and after treatment. Results After one year of treatment, BMD of lumbar vertebrae and the neck of femur were all increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0. 05), while BMD of total hip elevated slightly and had no statistic significance ( P>0. 05). The levels of IL-17and TNF-α were decreased, and there were statistically significant difference( P< 0. 05). The level of TGF-β1 was higher than that before treatment ( P< 0. 05). IL-17 and TNF-α were negatively correlated with BMD( r= -0.608, r= -0.494 respectively), and TGF-β1 was positivelycorrelated with BMD( r= 0.474) . There are all statistically significant (P< O. 05). Conclusion The result of this study show that there was a correlation between immune regulatory factors and BMD, suggesting that the clinical application of immune regulatory factors and BMD could be considered to observe the therapeutic effect of PMOP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's rural areas are vast, and housing construction is the primary organization of farmers' living spaces and an essential focus of the national implementation of rural revitalization. However, there is a lack of rural housing census data and methods that quickly and accurately establish a rural three-dimensional (3D) - building model. The existing 3D-building modeling techniques, including manual modeling and oblique photography modeling, are encountering the problem of high cost and do not meet the construction requirements of low cost and comprehensive coverage. With the development of satellite remote sensing technology in China, building recognition based on high-resolution remote sensing images has become a convenient and rapid technical tool. At the same time, with the widespread use of smartphones and their potent computing power, people can easily and quickly access the Internet and receive a three-dimensional display. Compared with twodimensional products, three-dimensional products can show rural buildings, terrain, and landscape more clearly, enhance the refined management of rural areas, and improve enthusiasm to participate in rural construction. Therefore, this study proposes a simple rural 3D building modeling method based on multi-source data fusion, namely intelligent identification and 3D modeling for rural buildings. This method consists of two stages: rough model generation and deepening. In the rough model generation stage, the building is identified based on highresolution remote sensing images and Mask R_CNN technology, the location of the building is determined, and the basic white model is obtained by stretching. In the deepening stage, field collectors replace the basic white model with a more refined and parameterized model based on the rural building model library, according to the actual situation. Subsequently, they supplement the building facade texture through smartphone photography and texture processing. Finally, a physical, storable, and exchangeable 3D-building model is obtained through coordinate matching, image terrain fusion, 3D-lightweight technology, and other technologies. This study adopts the modeling strategy of gradual deepening to reduce the modeling cost. The associated high-resolution remote sensing image recognition technology and mobile phone-based 3D modeling and display technologies are relatively advanced. Based on the characteristics of architectural styles in rural areas, a set of rural buildingmodel libraries based on CSG technology was constructed. Model replacement, model size adjustment, texture mapping, and other operations were quickly used to build a refined 3D model. Finally, the 3D models were lightly processed and fused with the image topography and other data, which meets the demand for smooth browsing from various aspects. The 3D model of Hecun Village in Xinxing County was experimentally reconstructed, illustrating that the method can support applications such as rural surveys, rural planning, rural construction, and co-production. The modeling results show that the method is simple, easy to use, and reduces the high requirements of conventional modeling in terms of data acquisition and processing. It can provide a low-cost, highly efficient, and prevalent 3D-reconstruction method for rural regions, which is suitable for widespread promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the associations of serum levels Type I collagen carboxy-terminal peptide (CTX-1), Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), Bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and Osteocalcin (OC) with lumbar spine BMD in 30 to 79 year-old healthy individuals stratified by age and gender. Methods lumbar spine BMD (L1-4) was measured by Hologic Discovery WA bone mineral densitometer, and enzyme immunoassay analyzer was used to measure the levels of bone remodelling markers (CTX-1,TRACP,BALP and OC) in the serum. The 1228 participants were grouped according to gender and age (per 10 years). SPSS 19. 0 was used for statistical analysis. Results In females, the levels of CTX-1, TRACP, BALP and OC had no significant correlation with lumbar spine BMD in the 30-49 age groups; CTX-1 and TRACP increased significantly and had negatively correlation with lumbar spine BMD after the age of 50; levels of BALP and OC increased significantly and had negatively correlation with BMD in the 50- 59 age group, then began to decline and were positively correlated with BMD after the age of 60. In males, the levels of CTX-1, TRACP and BALP had no significant correlation with lumbar spine BMD in the 30-59 age groups, but CTX-1, TRACP, BALP increased significantly and were negatively correlated with BMD after the age of 60. The level of OC declined gradually with age, but had no significant correlation with BMD in all age groups in male. The measure values of TRACP,CTX-1, BALP and OC were not significantly different between males and females in the 30-49 age groups, but different significantly between males and females in the same age group after the age of 50 (P < 0. 05), with the measures values in females higher than those of males. Conclusion TRACP, CTX-1, BALP, OC are important markers for monitoring changes in bone metabolism,in particular, they have high sensitivity and specificity for osteoporosis in female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On September 8, 2015, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of a Hierarchical Diagnosis and Treatment System". Opinions were put forward in four aspects, including improving the guarantee mechanism for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and organizing and implementing them. Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment refers to grading according to the severity, severity, slowness and urgency of the disease, as well as the difficulty of treatment. Medical institutions at different levels undertake standardized treatment respectively. Realize the first diagnosis and two-way referral at the grassroots level. The hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis needs to construct a new conceptual unit, proposition and theoretical system. Its structural entities include: individuals, departments, primary hospitals, the secondary hospitals, tertiary hospitals, integrated service systems and other multi-layer organizational frameworks. The hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis is the whole process of management of osteoporosis patients, early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment. The people who are managed throughout the whole process can be divided into four groups: normal bone density, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and severe osteoporosis. For each group of people, a corresponding prevention and treatment plan is formulated, smooth referral, continuous treatment, upper and lower linkage, and closed-loop management. The purpose of this consensus is to promote the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the association between the different cut-off point of FRAX and BMD, and the clinical value in Wuxi region. Methods We collected the medical examination of hospital staff, we measured the BMD through DXA, simultaneously we evaluated the 10-year risk of bone fragility by FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool). The gold standard is BMD, We explored age, sex, height, weight to affect the results of FRAX by multiple linear regression analysis. Results Compared with DXA, the cut-off point of America, the Sensitivity is 3. 51%, the Specific is 99. 79%, the positive predictive value is 66. 67%, the negative predictive value is 89. 95%. Then England, the Sensitivity is 3. 51%, the Specific is 98. 58%, the positive predictive value is 22. 22%, the negative predictive value is 89. 83%; Compared with Japan, the Sensitivity is 8. 77%, the Specific is98. 38%, the positive predictive value is 38. 46%, the negative predictive value is 90. 32%. then Urumqi the Sensitivity is 5. 26%, the Specific 97. 97%, the positive predictive value is 23. 08%, the negative predictive value is 89. 94%. the greatest impact on the FRAX results is age and femoral neck T-score. Conclusion The clinical value of the different intervention cut-off point of FRAX in Wuxi region is meaningless, we should establish an appropriate cut-off point of Local region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to explore effect of amino acids on quality evaluation of alfalfa hay. The yield（CL）,nutritional quality and 17 amino acids contents of alfalfa of different varieties（Queen, WL319 HQ and Bara310 SC） were measured and comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that Queen’s hay yield and crude fat content were significantly higher than those of WL319 HQ and Bara310 SC（P<0.05）. The crude protein content and neutral detergent fiber content of WL319 HQ and Bara310 SC were significantly higher than those of Queen（P<0.05）. The isoleucine content of Bara310 SC was significantly higher than that of other varieties（P<0.05）. The content of lysine Queen and Bara310 SC was significantly higher than that of WL319 HQ（P<0.05）. The study indicates that the variety with the best nutritional quality is Bara310 SC, followed by Queen. Amino acids have a significant role as an index for evaluating the quality of alfalfa hay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biochemical indicators of bone metabolism include calcium and phosphorus metabolism regulation indicators, bone formation markers, bone resorption markers, hormones and cytokines. The bone formation markers and bone resorption markers are collectively called bone turnover markers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, radioimmunoassay, immunoradioassay, high performance liquid chromatography and other method are currently used in clinical practice to detect the level of biochemical indicators of bone metabolism in blood and urine to understand the metabolism of bone tissue condition. Biochemical indicators of bone metabolism are used to evaluate the bone metabolism status, diagnostic classification of osteoporosis, predict fracture risk, evaluate the therapeutic effect of osteoporosis, and differential diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. This article reviewed the Chinese and English literature in recent years, summarized the detection method and principles of bone metabolism biochemical indicators, and proposed a recommended plan for bone metabolism biochemical indicators. It is expected to play an active role in the promotion and research of biochemical indicators of bone metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethics refers to the principles and principles that should be followed when dealing with the relationship between people and society. Medical ethics of osteoporosis research refers to the ethical principles of humanitarianism, self-respect, benefit, no harm and justice that must be followed in osteoporosis research, which is conducive to regulating, restricting, guiding and supervising medical behaviors, and protecting the rights and interests of patients. It involves the screening of research objects, the use and prohibition of drugs, the selection of evaluation indicators, the termination of the study, and the treatment of adverse events in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the correlation among postmenopausal osteoporosis (type I osteoporosis ) T cell subsets (regulatory T cells CD3+/CD4+/ CD25+), B cells (CD3-/ CD19+), immune regulatory factors (TNF-α, TGFγ, IL-17) and bone mineral density. Clarify the relationship among B cells, T cell subsets, immune regulatory factors and the occurrence and development of osteoporosis, and provide molecular biological evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Methods The dual-energy X-ray bone densitometer was used to detect the Lumbar vertebrae (L1-4) BMD, the flow cytometry technique was used to analyze the B cell and T cell subsets, and the enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect the immune regulatory factors. Results The ratio of regulatory T lymphocyte subsets to CD4+ T lymphocytes in the postmenopausal osteoporosis group was lower than that of the non-osteoporosis group ( P< 0. 05). The peripheral blood B lymphocytes (CD3- / CD 19+) percentage was lower than that of women in the non-osteoporotic group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P> 0. 05 ) . The levels of serum immune regulatory factors (TNF-α, TGF-γ, IL-17) in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients were significantly different from those in non-osteoporotic women (P

The bone metabolism biochemical markers included calcium and phosphorus metabolism indicators, bone formation markers,bone resorption markers, hormone and cytokine. The bone metabolism biochemical markers were derived from the bone, cartilage, soft tissue, skin, liver, kidney, small intestine, blood, endocrine glands, and so on. They were enzymes and hormones secreted by osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and the product or non-collagen proteins of metabolic bone collagen matrix. The bone metabolism biochemical markers could reflect the state of bone turnover promptly, with high sensitivity and specificity, it had been used in osteoporosis diagnosis, prediction of fracture risk, curative effect observation of drug treatment, and the differential diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. And it had important clinical significance in epidemiology, pathogenesis and drug research of osteoporosis.In this paper, the "Expert consensus on clinical application of biochemical indicators of bone metabolism(2019)"was revised, A total of 41 amendments were made, the classic literature was retained, some contents were deleted, and the literature for the past three years was added. The experimental reference range of the bone metabolism index were collected and sorted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of vitamin K combined with calcitriol and Caltrate plus D on male osteoporosis and the effect on bone metabolism. Methods Using the Discovery WA model dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (Hologic，USA) to detect lumbar spine LM bone density and femoral neck bone density. Male osteoporosis patients were treated with Gulikang combined with calcitriol and calcium carbonate plus vitamin D3 for one year. Thermo Scientific ’ s fully automated enzyme-labeled immunoassay analyzer was used to detect patients ’ bone metabolism indicators including BGP，CTX-1，cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 levels in serum. Results After 6 months of treatment，lumbar vertebrae (LM) BMD and femoral neck BMD began to increase. After 12 months of treatment，lumbar vertebrae (LM) BMD and femoral neck BMD increased significantly compared with before treatment. After treatment，serum bone formation index BGP and cytokine IL-10 levels increased，and serum bone resorption index CTX-1 and cytokine IL-6 levels decreased. Conclusion Vitamin K could increase the bone density of lumbar spine and femoral neck and increase serum bone formation markers BGP and cytokine IL-10 levels，while decrease serum bone resorption index CTX-1 and cytokine IL-6 levels. The effect of vitamin K treatment on male osteoporosis was significant，and it could be an important strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bone metabolism biochemical markers included calcium and phosphorus metabolism indicators, bone formation markers, bone resorption markers, hormone and cytokine. The bone metabolism biochemical markers were derived from the bone, cartilage, soft tissue, skin, liver, kidney, small intestine, blood, endocrine glands, and so on. They were enzymes and hormones secreted by osteoblasts or osteoclasts, and the product or non-collagen proteins of metabolic bone collagen matrix. The bone metabolism biochemical markers could reflect the state of bone turnover promptly, with high sensitivity and specificity, it had been used in osteoporosis diagnosis, prediction of fracture risk, curative effect observation of drug treatment, and the differential diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. And it had important clinical significance in epidemiology, pathogenesis and drug research of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the influence of postgraduate entrance examination and job hunting, how to ensure the quality of graduation design becomes a common concern of universities. The authors have proposed a ladder type personnel training scenario for fresh students in 2012; according to the characteristics of students in each grade of college, the training scheme was put forward. After fundamental training, students participate in teachers’ scientific researches and teaching work, direct the innovation practice projects, and participate in academic competitions. During the four years of university, students gradually transform from standing by to participant, from passive to active. Eventually in the final year, they get the ability to propose a graduation project and accomplish it independently. This represents a gratifying situation that teaching benefits both teachers and students, science and education are combined, and the graduation design quality is improving effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation among FＲAX score，bone mineral density，and body mass index in patients with type 2 diabetes． Methods A standardized questionnaire was sent to a total of 278 subjects with type 2 diabetes． The clinical information was collected． Bone mineral density was detected and FＲAX score was calculated． The relationship between clinical risk factors and complication of diabetes and FＲAX score was assessed． Ｒesults The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine ( L1-4) and the femur neck in DM group increased with the increase of BMI ( P ＜ 0. 05) ． There is no obvious difference in the 10-year probability of hip fracture ( PHF) and the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures ( PMOF) after grouping． Conclusion There is correlation between bone mineral density and BMI，but no correlation between FＲAX score BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) of the total lumbar spine L1-L4 of 4613 25-79-year-old females in Changchun，Jilin，to analyze the incidence of osteoporosis，and to study the correlation among lumbar spine bone BMD， age，menopausal year，and body mass index (BMI) ． Methods BMD of the total lumbar spine L1-L4 was detected using a detector (Discovery-WA，Hologic，USA) ． The BMD results of 4613 cases were grouped according to a 5-year age division． Data were statistically analyzed using a SPSS 19. 0 software． Ｒesults Lumbar spine BMD decreased along with age after 30 years old， and the incidence of osteoporosis increased． The age was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD，and positively correlated with the incidence of osteoporosis． With the prolong of menopausal years，BMD decreased，and the incidence of osteoporosis increased． The menopausal year was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD and positively correlated with the incidence of osteoporosis． In the low BMI group，the lumbar spine BMD was the lowest，and the incidence of osteoporosis was the highest． With the increase of BMI，the lumbar spine BMD increased，and the incidence of osteoporosis reduced． BMI was positively correlated with the lumbar spine BMD and was negatively correlated with incidence of osteoporosis． Conclusion Age，menopausal year，and BMI were important influential factors of BMD． Aging，delay of menopausal year，and lower BMI were the risk factors of osteoporosis． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the application of fracture risk assessment tool(FRAX)in patients with type 2 diabetes． Methods Clinical information of 278 patients with type 2 diabetes(DM group)and 504 normal-controls(NC group)was collected．The relationship between clinical risk factors and complication of diabetes and FRAX score was assessed in patients with diabetes．Results The bone mineral density at femur neck(FN)and the lumbar spine(LI，3，and 4)in DM group was higher than that in NC group．The 10一year osteoporotic fracture risk in DM group was lower than that in NC group．Multi-linear regression analysis showed that FRAX score was associated with GHb and the occurrence of hypoglycemia in DM patients．Conclusion Diabetes is an independent risk factor in FRAX．It is a new algorithm model to precisely predict fracture risk in diabetic patients． [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]