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Для улучшения качественных характеристик продукта, придания оригинальных органолептических свойств в технологических процессах производства сыра и сырных продуктов производители все чаще стали использовать различные добавки растительного происхождения, в том числе ягодные, которые способствуют обогащению продукта функциональными компонентами. Объектом исследования служила подсырная облепиховая сыворотка, полученная при производстве сыра с добавлением верхней части сока дикорастущих плодов облепихи. В статье приведены результаты биохимического состава подсырной сыворотки, полученной в результате получения сыра полутвердых сортов с добавлением верхней части сока облепихи, которая использовалась для обогащения сыра физиологически значимыми компонентами, содержащимися в ней, расширения ассортимента, придания оригинальных органолептических показателей продукту. Исследование химического состава подсырной облепиховой сыворотки показало, что белка содержится 0,156 %, лактозы 3,77 %, кислотность 11,50˚Т. Аминокислотный состав белка представлен всеми незаменимыми аминокислотам, однако их содержание значительно ниже по сравнению с таковым в идеальном белке. Из незаменимых аминокислот больше всего содержится лейцина, изолейцина (0, 4850 м.д. в 100 мг) и треонина (0,6368м.д. в 100 мг). Содержание зольных веществ составило 0,58 %. В элементном составе зольных веществ обнаружены в больших количествах натрий, калий, кальций, магний, фосфор. Установлено, что подсырная облепиховая сыворотка, образующаяся в результате получения сыра с добавлением сока плодов облепихи, является сырьем, содержащим физиологически значимые компоненты, и может быть использована в качестве основы в производстве продукции пищевой и кормовой направленности.

Установлена эффективность культивирования микроводорослей Dunaliella salina на питательной среде из нейтрально-сульфитных щелоков, полученных при варке целлюлозы из древесины березы, с дополнительным внесением хлорида натрия. Микроводоросли D. salina выделены из донного осадка Кояшского озера Керченского полуострова. Показано, что на физиологическую активность микроводорослей влияет количество внесенного в питательную среду хлорида натрия. При добавлении в питательную среду до 5 % хлорида натрия микроводоросли D. salina проявляют галотолерантные свойства. С увеличением количества хлорида натрия до 30 % – галофильные свойства. Наилучшие кинетические характеристики роста D. salina при культивировании на питательной среде из нейтрально-сульфитных щелоков отмечены при галофильной физиологической активности. Выход биомассы микроводорослей D. salina при культивировании на питательной среде из нейтрально-сульфитных щелоков без внесения и при внесении 5 % хлорида натрия выше по сравнению с добавлением 15 и 30 % хлорида натрия. Однако накопление белка имеет противоположную зависимость, в частности, количество белка в культуральной жидкости с 15 и 30 % хлорида натрия больше, чем при содержании хлорида натрия 5 %. С увеличением продолжительности культивирования до 240 ч наблюдается снижение pH питательной среды c 7,04 до 4,70, что обусловлено усвоением микроводорослями минерального и связанного с органическими веществами азота, присутствующего в питательной среде из нейтрально-сульфитных щелоков. Установлено, что при культивировании микроводоросли ассимилируют как редуцирующие, так и красящие вещества, присутствующие в питательной среде, следствием является интенсивный рост клеток. При увеличении продолжительности культивирования микроводорослей наблюдается рост числа клеток в культуральной жидкости до 4‧106 кл./мл, при этом они синтезируют внеклеточный фермент ксиланазу, что способствует дополнительному образованию редуцирующих веществ в питательной среде за счет ферментативного гидролиза ксилана. Результаты исследований показывают перспективность использования нейтрально-сульфитных щелоков в биотехнологии при культивировании микроводорослей D. salina для получения биопродуктов. Для цитирования: Иксанов Р.А., Канарский А.В., Канарская З.А., Гематдинова В.М., Белкина Е.В. Культивирование Dunaliella salina на питательной среде из нейтральносульфитных щелоков // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2023. № 6. С. 162–175. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-162-175

В статье представлены результаты полевых исследований по изучению влияния разных доз гранулированного помета на формирование продуктивности яровой пшеницы, проведенные в обособленном подразделении учебно-опытное хозяйство «Рамзай» Пензенского ГАУ (Пензенская область, Мокшанский район) в 2022-2023 гг. Изучаемый гранулированный помет характеризовался содержанием азота 4,0-4,5 %, фосфора 3,0-3,5 %, калия 4,0-4,5%, органического вещества 40,0-42,0 %. Результаты исследований показывают, что весеннее внесение гранулированных удобрений из помета в дозах от 500 до 2000 кг/га достоверно повышают количество зерен в колосе и массу зерна с одного колоса, что привело к повышению урожайности зерна яровой пшеницы на 12,6-36,7 %. Как показали исследования, изучаемые дозы помета повышают не только урожайность зерна яровой пшеницы, но и существенно повышают ее качество. Содержание белка повысилось на 0,67-1,49 %, клейковины на 1,8-5,0 %. Урожайность, содержание белка и клейковины в зерне повышались прямопропорционально дозам внесения.

The results of a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of rye, wheat and triticale grains grown in the Republic of Uzbekistan and their flour are presented. The main components of these grains are determined. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the amino acids of rye and wheat grains grown in the Republic of Uzbekistan differ from products grown in other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Научная статья посвящена вопросам создания мучных кондитерских изделий для людей с непереносимостью глютена. В работе использовались такие виды безглютенового сырья, как нутовая и рисовая мука. При разработке рецептуры кекса первоначально заменяли пшеничную муку на нутовую в количестве 10, 30, 50, 70 и 90 %. По итогам проведения органолептической оценки установили, что наилучшие показатели имел кекс с заменой 50 % пшеничной муки на нутовую. Для исключения аллергии на белок пшеничную муку заменили на рисовую. По итогам органолептической оценки наиболее высокие показатели качества были выявлены у образца с соотношением рисовой и нутовой муки 1:1. Разработанный образец имел наиболее приятный ореховый привкус и аромат, правильную форму, равномерную пористость и привлекательный внешний вид. Готовое изделие по органолептическим, физико-химическим показателям соответствовало требованиям ГОСТ 15052-2014. При расчете пищевой ценности контрольного и опытного образцов было установлено, что количество белка выросло на 16 %, клетчатки – на 69 %, энергетическая ценность снижена на 3 %. Замена пшеничной муки на рисовую и нутовую способствует полному исключению глютена из кекса. Это позволит расширить ассортимент безглютеновой продукции для людей с целиакией.

Данная работа направлена на разработку коктейлей функционального назначения на основе растительного «молока» с использованием в разных соотношениях творога и овсяных хлопьев. Предложено три композиции коктейлей, в каждой рассмотрено по две рецептуры. В исследуемых образцах была изучена пищевая и энергетическая ценность, а также потребительские свойства. Проведено обобщение полученных данных в табличном и графическом изображениях. Установлено, что высокое содержание белка в образце № 1, второго варианта (соотношение растительного молока и творога 1:1) 9,7 %, что больше на 2,78 (1:0,5) и на 4,41 – 2,45 % коктейля № 2 с добавлением овсяных хлопьев. Коктейль, предлагаемый по рецептуре вариант № 1 (с творогом) и № 3 (творог и овсяные хлопья), в соответствии с ГОСТ Р 55577-2013 относятся к продуктам с высоким содержанием белка, так как энергетическая ценность пищевого продукта обеспечивается за счет белка на 39; 48,8; 25 и 24 %, в зависимости от предлагаемой рецептуры. Композиция коктейля № 2 относится к пищевым продуктам, которые являются источником белка. С учетом пищевой ценности и потребительских свойств автор рекомендует варианты коктейлей № 1 и № 3.

Background: The advancement of soybeans to the northern regions is associated with the need to increase the production of plant feed protein. Aim: to improve the soil through biological nitrogen fixation done during the cultivation of soybeans. Methods: The study was conducted in the Kostroma region from 2007-2017. The objects of the study were: the crop soybean varieties Mageva, Svapa, Lancet, Light, Kasatka, and specific microorganisms used to activate the process of nitrogen fixation. Various methods of setting laboratory, field, and production experiments were applied in compliance with the requirements of collecting and processing the obtained data. Laboratory experiments on artificial inoculation of soybean seeds with nitrogen-fixing microflora were carried out according to the method of G. S. Posypanov. Setting, plotting, conducting field and production experiments, and processing of the collected experimental data was carried out according to the generally accepted methods in the Russian Federation by B. A. Dospekhov and V. E. Eshchenko. Results and Discussion: The possibility of obtaining soybean mature seed material up to 1.8-2.0 t/ha, with gross protein yield up to 800 kg/ha, was established. Inoculation of soybean seeds with breeding strains of bacteria increases their yield by 14-30%, while 80-90% of environmentally friendly biological nitrogen was accumulated in the seed mass, increasing the fodder and nutritional quality of products. A local culture (from Russia) of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (K-2) was successfully used. The symbiotic effect leads to the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen, which is spent both for crop formation and for replenishment of soil reserves of this most important chemical element. Such nitrogen is ecologically clean and is considered as "biological nitrogen" (BN). The supply of biological nitrogen in the soil-plant system (60-70 kg/ha) was calculated. These values do not fully compensate for nitrogen removal with the soybean crop but allow us to reduce the use of more expensive and less environmentally safe mineral fertilizers. Conclusions: The economic costs of producing equivalent feed protein decreased twofold compared to growing traditional crops such as oats and barley. For the first time, specific results on the feasibility of introducing the studied soybean varieties into the Kostroma region of the Russian Federation have been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering that small amounts of dietary fiber in wheat flour, the aim of the work is to develop the formula and technology of wheat bread enriched with high nutritional and biological food fibers. The sample was identified, containing 20% of flax meal, 0.5% of the powder of dietary fiber that meets the standard requirements for all quality parameters of wheat bread with the addition. According to the results of the study, it was proved that this sample has a high protein content and high quality food safety.

The processes of complex treatment of wastes of protein-containing raw material have been studied. The amino acid composition of the obtained acidic and basic hydrolysate of human hair was determined and it was established that it is technologically more preferable to process hair with hydrochloric hydrolysate. For the first time the possibility to obtain both a mixture of amino acids and water-soluble natural melanin from acid hydrolysate was shown. The process of the obtained melanin purification, its properties and the process of its transformation into water-soluble from were studied. An affordable method has been developed for obtaining a mixture of protein amino acids from pupae of a mulberry silkworm and the optimal technological parameters for the implementation of the process have been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important factors that has a significant impact on the health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a violation of the diet due to insufficient consumption of full–fledged proteins, vitamins, macro- and microelements and their irrational ratio. In Kazakhstan, grain crops are produced in large volumes, but there is no production of beverages based on vegetable raw materials, although the production of vegetable milk is already widespread throughout the world. The use of local vegetable raw materials from different regions of Kazakhstan in the production technology of grain milk drinks is an urgent and promising direction in the food industry. The article presents the results of a study of the quality of buckwheat breeding varieties “Shortandin-skaya”, “Batyr” and “Saulyk”. During the study, buckwheat samples were evaluated physico-chemical, technological properties and safety indicators. All the studied samples of buckwheat grains in terms of safety meet the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On grain safety”. The scientific data obtained during the implementation of the project will become the basis for the creation of new grain “milk” drinks enriched with Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The result of the implementation of this research will be the expansion of the range of beverages for healthy and safe nutrition of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of enzymatic hydrolyzate on morphological parameters of mink is reflected in this work. The possibility and expediency of using protein hydrolysates as additional economically advantageous sources of protein in the feeding of cage-growing fur-animals has been scientifically grounded and experimentally confirmed.

As a result of the experiments, data were obtained demonstrating the advantages of mixed crops as compared with single-species crops, which enhanced the understanding of the capability and advisability of growing mixed crops of grass pea and Sudan grass in the environments of Leningrad Province. Accessions with best cenotic compatibility were identified.

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), like common vetch (V. sativa L.), is one of the most widespread cultivated forage vetches. In Russia, hairy vetch is sown both in spring and winter planting seasons. V. villosa populations may contain spring, semi-spring, semi-winter and winter biotypes. Three hairy vetch varieties (Nezhnostebelnaya, Siverskaya 2 and Ukrainka) were studied in mono- and binary agrophytocoenosis with oat, rape and barley at spring sowing under the conditions of Leningrad Province of the Russian North-West in 2010-2012. Biotype composition of vetch variety populations was determined to identify adaptive biotypes. Some biological and agronomic characters were analysed. Comparative evaluation of hairy vetch variety populations was performed to test the role of agrophytocoenosis (and its phytocomponent) as a possible factor of biotype variability in vetch varieties and their biological and agronomic characters.

The studies found out that the productivity and quality of oat crop accessions were influenced by the climatic conditions during the vegetation period and plant mineral nutrition level. Under favorable weather and soil conditions the accessions demonstrated a reliable yield increase (0.35-0.37-0.40 t/ha), increased weight of 1000 grains and lesser grain husk. With irregular heat and humidity on poor naturally fertile soils, the growing season of mid-ripening varieties was longer, while for mid-early ones becamer shorter; grain yield was lower than in dry environments.

In recent years, Russia has returned to the number of world leaders in the production and export of wheat grain. However, a paradoxical situation has developed in the domestic wheat market. According to statistics, “almost no grain of the 1 and 2 grades (strong-valuable)” is produced in the country, and the various stores sell the top-grade flour which can be only produced (in accordance with GOST) from the grain of the 1-2 grades. The article tries to find out the reasons of the paradox. We have studied top-grade flour of three domestic producers, flour from France as well as flour and oilcake of seven varieties of domestic breeding listed in the State List as strong-valuable. For the comparative assessment we have used such efficient express-methods as electrophoresis of prolamins, SDS-sedimentation and estimation of protein content according to the Kjeldahl method. The study showed that the top-grade flour chosen for the analysis is soft (hexaploid) wheat and its gliadins do not possess alleles, which are negative for quality. SDS-sedimentation of the samples ‘Makfa’ and ‘Pudov’ corresponds to strong wheat; SDS-sedimentation of the samples ‘Petrovskie Nivy’ and ‘Ture 65’ corresponds to valuable wheat. The amount of protein in grain is on 1.6% more than in flour. The protein content in flour of domestic producers indicated on the packages does not correspond to the factual amount, and according to it the amount of protein in grain would be 13.7-15.2%, that corresponds to the grain of the 1-2 grades. GOST R 52189-2003 for wheat flour does not have any requirements to the protein content, and for grain such requirements are of great importance. For grain of the 1-2 grades, the requirements for the mass share of protein are overestimated in comparison with the scientifically justified restrictive norms on 0.5% (GOST 9353 "Wheat" (USSR) and DSTU 3768-98), and GOST R 52554-2006 itself does not give a right to maneuver in the procurement of grain, which takes place in the international requirements for some kinds of products from wheat. Such a situation is not normal. It discredits the selective achievements, misleads the state and agronomical services and requires amendments of GOST R 52554-2006 for grains of the 1-2 grades to reduce the protein content by 0.5%, and also to include in GOST R 5254-2006 “Wheat flour ...” the restrictive norms for the mass share of protein which come from the world experience (Fig. 2).

Chickpea is a promising agricultural crop It’s necessary to introduce high protein crops in the sowings to strengthen food and forage security of Russia and the Altay Area. The main advantage of chickpea as a high protein crop among all leguminous crops is its high drought tolerance. The kernels contain 19-30% protein, 4-7% oil, 48-56% nitrogen-free extractives, zinc, folic acid and on 89-97% digested. Chickpea is one of the oldest cultivated crops, it’s widely spread throughout the world and it’s third among the legumes after soybean and beans. In Russia, its sowings are widely distributed in the Caucasus and the Povolzhie. In the Altai, a wide ecological trials of chickpeas occurred in the 80s of the last century. The crop gave good results in the steppe regions, where it surpassed productivity of the zoned varieties of peas in almost 1.5 times. Since 2017 a new variety of chickpea ‘Kulundinsky 5’ has been introduced into the State List of the Breeding Achievements approved to use in the West-Siberian region (approval 23.01.2017, №9001 from 03.03.2017). The variety has been developed by the FSBSI FARCA using the method of mass selection of one-type lines from heterogeneous population with the participation of the varieties ‘Krasnokutsky 28’, ‘Uzbekistansky 32’ and ‘Maksad’. The variety is Trans-Caucasus carneum, the variety of average-ripening type with 90-100 days of vegetation. The variety shows the similar resistance to lodging, cracking of beans and shedding of seeds as the standard variety. Drought resistance is high. Resistance to diseases and pests is similar to the standard variety ‘Privo 1’. Considering chickpea as a valuable source of vegetable protein, it should improve the set of cultivated crops in the arid regions not only of the Altai Area, but also of the West Siberian region. At the same time, it is obvious that its productivity is not stable through the years. The disadvantages of the crop include a tendency to grow in cool wet years, and its infection with ascochitis and fusariosis.

The results of winter wheat breeding on grain quality in the Tatar RIA The article considers the study results of the technological and baking properties of the regional and promising varieties of winter soft wheat by the Tatar RIA. In 2011, 2013, 2016 there was a deficit of precipitations during the period of ripening. In 2012, 2014 there was an average amount of precipitations, in 2015 it exceeded the norm in 2.6 times. On average protein content in grain ranged from 13.3 to 14.1%. The index varied from 11.2 to 13.9% depending on the year. The variety ‘Nadezhda’ showed a slight variability of the trait ‘mass share of protein’ (9.1%). The coefficient of variability of the trait ‘mass share of gluten’ was 15.4% on average. The coefficient of variability of the trait ‘index of gluten deformation’ ranged from 13.2% to 21.2%. There was established a significant effect of environmental conditions on the formation of the traits ‘dough time’, ‘dough stability’ and ‘dough dilution’. Average phenotypic variability was obtained in the traits ‘valorimetric assessment’ and ‘flour strength’. The varieties ‘Universiada’ (5.7 %) and ‘Kazanskaya 560’ (8.8 %) showed a slight variability of the trait ‘flour strength’.All varieties had a slight variability of the trait ‘general baking assessment’ (from 4.1 to 9.9%). According to this index the varieties ‘Kazanskaya 285’, ‘Nadezhda’ and ‘Darina’ can be classified as strong wheat, the varieties ‘Kazanskaya 560’, ‘Universiada’ and ‘Sultan’ can be classified as valuable wheat with qualitative grain. The year conditions had a significant effect on such indexes of grain quality as mass share of protein and gluten in grain, dough dilution, valorimetric assessment, index of gluten deformation and volume yield of bread. Such indexes as ‘mass share of gluten in grain’ and ‘valorimetric assessment’ had significant genetic dependence that allows using them for selection on the improvement of grain quality in different climatic conditions.

The article presents the study results of soybean in the Ryazan district of the Ryazan region in 2013-2015. The paper considers the effect of biologically active preparations based on nanoparticles of iron, cobalt and copper on such physiological, biochemical and productive indexes of soybean as field germination, plant and root height, plant and root weight, leaf area, elements of yield structure, productivity and chemical composition. The study showed that the bio-preparation based on nanoparticles of copper increased the plant height on 9.7% in the branching phase and the weight of vegetative part of the plants on 26.4%. The application of the bio-preparation based on nanoparticles of cobalt gave the best result. The root weight of the plants during a vegetation period increased on 17.7%, productivity of soybean grain increased on 20% and content of protein in grain increased on 4.9% compared with the control variety. The field trials of efficiency of preparations based on nanoparticles of iron, cobalt and copper in the cultivation technology of the soybean in the Central Non-Black earth part of RF showed that nanoparticles of cobalt possess the best efficiency that promotes the further study and introduction of growth regulator into production.

Productivity and quality of winter soft wheat varieties and lines sown after different crops and studied by FSBSI ARRIGC named after I.G. Kalinenko The study was carried out in 2013-2015 to estimate the effect of various forecrops on the formation of productivity and quality of winter soft wheat varieties and lines in the Rostov region. The objects of the study were 7 varieties and 6 lines of winter soft wheat developed by FSBSI ARRIGC named after I.G. Kalinenko. During the study the average productivity of winter soft wheat sown in bare fallow land ranged from 7.25 to 8.16 t/ha; the productivity of winter soft wheat sown after peas ranged from 6.47 to 7.17 t/ha; the productivity of winter soft wheat sown after sunflower ranged from 6.14 to 7.07 t/ha. According to the productivity the following varieties and lines of winter soft wheat showed the best results, namely ‘Nakhodka’ (8.16t/ha), ‘Kazachka’ (8.10t/ha), ‘1377/06’ (8.08t/ha), ‘1062/09’ (7.91t/ha) and ‘1401/09’ (7.91t/ha) sown in bare fallow; ‘Nakhodka’ (7.17t/ha), ‘Kazachka’ (7.04t/ha), ‘1062/09’ (7.04t/ha) and ‘1491/07’ (7.05t/ha) sown after peas; ‘Kazachka’ (7.01t/ha) and ‘1062/09’ (7.07t/ha) sown after sunflower. According to the amount of protein in winter wheat, the variety ‘Nakhodka’ sown in bare fallow produced 15.01%, the line ‘1401/09’ produced 14.99%; the varieties ‘Nakhodka’ and ‘Aksiniya’ sown after peas produced 14.58% and 14.40% respectively. According to the content of gluten in kernels the varieties ‘Nakhodka’ and ‘Aksiniya’ sown in bare fallow gave 28.1%; sown after peas ‘Nakhodka’ produced 29.4%; the varieties ‘Nakhodka’,‘Aksiniya’ and the line ‘1491/07’ sown after sunflower showed 23.7%, 23.8% and 23.7% respectively. According to SDS-sedimentation the following varieties and lines showed the best results. The varieties ‘Aksiniya’, ‘Kipchak’, the lines ‘1377/06’, ‘1062/09’, ‘1401/09’ sown in bare fallow showed 56-60 ml; the varieties Aksiniya’, ‘Kipchak’, ‘Kazachka’, the lines ‘1377/06’, ‘1062/09’, ‘1401/09’ sown after peas showed 50.3-53 ml’ the variety ‘Kazachka’ and the line ‘1038/07’ sown after sunflower showed 50-50.3 ml.

The article gives the results of the study of protein and gluten fractions of soft winter wheat varieties of intensive type in their dynamics. We have considered varying of the traits ‘protein fraction’ and ‘gluten fraction’ during 10 years and a coefficient of their correlation. We have estimated content of protein and gluten fraction of 11 soft winter wheat cultivars on average for 10 years and in each year. The cultivars ‘Aksiniya’ and ‘Tanais’ showed high average content of protein fraction and a slight variability of the trait during the years with 15,2%; V – 4,6% and 15,3%; V – 5,1% respectively. The cultivars ‘Aksiniya’ (29,4%; V – 7,5%), ‘Tanais’ (28,7%; V - 7,2%), ‘Marafon’ (28,0%; V - 7,6%) and ‘Rostovchanka 7’ (27,4%; V - 8,0%) showed average content of gluten fraction and a slight variability of the trait during the years. The cultivars ‘Rostovchanka 3’(15,6%), ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ (15,5%) and ‘Tanais’ (15,3%) showed the largest protein fraction on average during 10 years. The cultivars ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ (30,6%), ‘Aksiniya’ (29,4%), ‘Rostovchanka 3’ (28,7%) and ‘Tanais’ (28,7%) showed the largest gluten fraction on average during 10 years. We recommend using the cultivars ‘Aksiniya’, ‘Tanais’, ‘Rostovchanka 3’ and ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ to improve the grain quality of soft winter wheat. We have carried out the analysis of the content of protein and gluten fractions depending on the amount of precipitations and active temperatures during the period of earing and maturation in the years of study.

The variety of spring soft wheat ‘Khayat’ The varieties with high potential of productivity which meet the qualification requirements of ‘valuable and strong’ wheats play a significant part in the formation of high qualitative grain and in the production of bread from it. For the conditions of Tatarstan, it has been created a variety of spring soft wheat ‘Khayat’ that meets these requirements. The variety was obtained by the method of individual selection from the hybrid combination F1 (‘Tulaikovskaya 10’ / ‘Kazanskaya Jubileynaya’) / ‘Kazanskaya Jubileynaya’. The trials of this variety in the Tatar RIA in 2011-2016 with different hydrothermal conditions during the vegetation period showed that the productivity of the variety ‘Khayat’ does not significantly differ from the highly productive, standard variety ‘Simbirzit’, but it considerably exceeds its quality. The trials of the variety ‘Khayat’ in ZAO ‘Kurgansemena’ in 2011-2013 showed that its productivity is higher in several times, but the length of vegetation period is the same. The assessment of the technological indexes of kernels and physical properties of dough made in the All-Russian Center of Variety Quality Assessment confirmed high quality of ‘Khayat’ kernels which meet the qualification requirements of ‘valuable and strong’ wheats. Such important indexes of physical properties of dough in the variety ‘Khayat’ as flour strength and valorimetric assessment surpass qualification requirements of ‘valuable and strong’ wheats. The spring wheat ‘Khayat’ is characterized as large kernelled high natural variety. According to the indexes ‘Khayat’ surpasses the standard variety. Protein content in kernels ranges from 12 to 14.9%.

Nowadays the problem of production of high qualitative and natural plant protein is of great importance. Leguminous plants are one of the main sources of protein, in Russia it is peas. Peas have a great economic value due to its variety of application and its unique biochemical composition. Thus the improvement of its breeding is of great and urgent importance. The Altay Area with its large territory, well defined zoning and changeable climate needs a great range of different, complementary and stress tolerant varieties. FSBSI ‘Altay RIA’ has been conducting a purposeful breeding work with leguminous plants since 1970. During the period the institute developed seven varieties of peas. In 2014 a new leafy variety of peas ‘Altaysky Universalny’ was listed into the State List (Register) of Breeding Achievements, approved for use in the West-Siberian region (24.01.2012. B№174. RU №6453 of 04.05.2012). The variety of peas ‘Altaysky Universalny’ is a middle maturing variety. The resistance to lodging, seed cracking and fall is the same as of the standard variety. The drought tolerance is above average. The resistance to diseases and pests is the same as of the standard variety. The variety combines forage and grain productivity. Grain productivity during the years of Variety Testing (2009-2011) was 1.99 t/ha, that is on 0.25 t/ha more than that of the standard variety. 1000-seed weight is 230 g, that is on 25 g more than that of the standard variety. The content of raw protein in absolutely dry matter is 21.5-23.6%. It’s necessary to note, the new variety of peas ‘Altaysky Universalny’ possesses a number of valuable economic and biological traits and properties, which can be used in the breeding process. Its wide application on the farms of the West-Siberian region will improve food and forage background as well as solve a key problem of biological agriculture.

Breeding of white-grain varieties of grain sorghum The sorghum breeding has obtained a food trend. Therefore, beside the problems of selection of highly productive and early-maturing varieties, the improvement of sorghum quality is of great importance in selection nowadays. The purpose of the work is to evaluate white-grain varieties of sorghum selected by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” through their principle indexes of quality. The study has been carried out on the base of FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2015-2017. The white-grain varieties “Khazine 28”, “Velikan” and “Zernogradskoe 88” approved to use have been used as the objects of research. The samples with dark-colored grain possess lower indexes of starch than the varieties with light-colored grain (r = -0.36 ± 0.08). It’s better to use the grain sorghum varieties with light-colored grain for the production of food starch, and this puts the corresponding tasks before breeding process. The studied varieties have large (74.5%) and very large (75.5-75.6%) starch content in grain. The yield of starch in them is 63.6-65.9%. Sorghum grain can be used as alternative raw instead of maize grain to obtain starch and starch products. The tannin content in sorghum grain has got a positive correlation with grain color (r = 0.80 ± 0.05). The white-grain varieties of grain sorghum “Khazine 28”, “Velikan” and “Zernogradskoe 88” possess a small content of tannin (0.2-0.8%) and an average content of protein (11.6-12.4%). There has been developed a new white-grain, early-maturing and highly productive variety of grain sorghum “Ataman” with 78.5% of starch in grain and 66.7% of starch yield.

The initial material and the achievements in winter durum wheat breeding in a content of carotenoids in the grain of FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” The carotenoids of winter durum wheat are of great importance for their consumption; they color flour and grain products (pasta, spaghetti, cereals, semolina, couscous, ravioli, etc.) in yellow. Besides, they are a source of vitamin A. The content of carotenoids in grain depends on both hereditary (genetic) and non-hereditary (phenotypic) factors. Out work deals with the characteristics of commercial, promising and breeding variety samples of winter durum wheat selected by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” compared with the varieties selected in other regions. The material for research was the grain (oilcake) of the varieties cultivated in interstation (IsVt) and competitive (CVt-1) variety testings in 2014-2016. Protein and gluten content in grain has been measured by SpectraStar-2200, carotenoids have been determined by the Sozinov and Zhukova’s method (1967) with additions and changes by the biochemical laboratory. The study showed that the variety “Donchanka” possessed the highest index of carotenoids with variability of 68Mg%. The promising and breeding samples are similar to or slightly inferior to standard. At the same time the local variety “Novinka 5” and the varieties “Winter Gold” and “Karavella” of other regions significantly surpass the standard variety in carotenoids. Importantly, the large content of carotenoids in grain doesn’t reduce protein and gluten content in grain; they have an effect only on the grade of purchased marketable grain.

Copyright of News of Kazakhstan Science / Novosti nauki Kazahstana is the property of NCSTE (JSC National Center for State Scientific and Technical Evaluations) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In assessing dairy cows, both quantitative and technological milk properties are essential. The contents of dry matter and nonfat milk solids determine the nutritional value of milk and its consumption for obtaining dairy products. The article presents a study of the characteristics of milk from cows of Holstein and black-motley breeds. The study aimed to determine the suitability of milk for cheese making. In the scientific and economic experiment, the technological properties of the milk from the Holstein and black-motley cows with various levels of milk productivity were comparatively analyzed. By the results of the studies, it has been found that with a high level of milk productivity, the milk of the Holstein cows contained less dry matter by 12.4 %, and the milk of black-motley cows contained less dry matter by 10.9 %. Increasing the content of dry matter has resulted in overall increasing fat and protein content to 93.0 % and 87.1 %, respectively. A predominantly positive correlation between the milk components has been found. For cheese-making, cow milk with a higher concentration of dry matter is the most valuable. The milk sale by its dry matter content allows an economy to obtain more revenue by USD 3.07 for the Holstein breed and by USD 1.90 for the black-motley breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to study effect of integration and expression of recombinant DNA on the morphometric characteristics and incubation qualities of transgenic chicken eggs. Hens were obtained using lentiviral vector, which ensures the constitutive expression of the recombinant product in the cells of the oviduct protein part. Transgenic chickens have been created on the basis of Hisex White cross chickens. Eggs were selected in the study the shelf life of which did not exceed two days from the time of egglaying for more accurate data. The egg shape index, the total weight of the egg and the weight of its components - yolk and dense protein, the thickness of the shell, the large and small diameter of the dense protein, the diameter of the yolk, and the height of the protein and yolk were studied to assess the morpho-metric parameters of eggs. The calculation formulas for obtaining data by units of Hau, protein index and yolk index were used to assess the quality of protein and yolk. A veracious increase in the diameter and mass of yolk in egg from transgenic hens as compared to the control was established. It amounted to 13.6% and 28.9%, respectively. This may be due to a change in the composition of eggs, which is due to the expression of additional (recombinant) protein in the egg. The fertilization index of transgenic chickens eggs in com-parison with the control was studied. Decrease in egg fertilization by 12% was observed in transgenic hens compared to control. This may be due to the influence of integrated genes on the development of embryos. Differences in the death of embryos during the incubation period were noted. In transgenic chickens, it oc-curred on earlier critical for the development of the embryo stages.

Aim. Investigate the effect of phosphate-mobilized microbial preparations on lectin activity and photosyntetic pigments content of winter wheat seedlings under eyespot causal agent infection. Methods. Microbiological, physiological, biochemical, statistical. Results. The presowing treatment of wheat seeds with microbial preparations lead to the increase of lectin activity and the photosynthetic pigments content in wheat seedlings of the experimental varieties. Lectin activity increased, but the photosynthetic pigments and protein content decreased under infection. The lectin activity and photosynthetic pigments content of infected seedlings for preparations treatment were higher, but protein content changed depending on wheat variety. Conclusions. It was established that inoculation of wheat seeds with phosphate-mobilized microbial preparations activates the response reaction, protects photosynthetic and translational apparatus of seedlings from degradation under infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of News of Kazakhstan Science / Novosti nauki Kazahstana is the property of NCSTE (JSC National Center for State Scientific and Technical Evaluations) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of News of Kazakhstan Science / Novosti nauki Kazahstana is the property of NCSTE (JSC National Center for State Scientific and Technical Evaluations) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increase in the ratio “weight : volume” increases the value of the indicator “protein index” at white shell eggs from 0,44 to 0,49. Value index “units Hough” increase from 77,8 to 80,1. Of eggs with a higher ratio of “weight : volume” brought in an average of 3,5% more chickens.

The data presented gives ground for the expediency of the accelerated development of milk and meat sheep breeding in Ukraine, which is economically effectively combined with a dairy cattle breeding with an expanded reproduction of Holstein cattle, which milk quality does not yet fully meet the modern requirements. The materials of in-house study on the quality of milk of Holstein cows breed are summarized, the data of the physicochemical composition of sheep milk are given. The experience of studying the dairy productivity of sheep shows that this type of product is of significant importance in the overall balance of gross income of sheep breeding. Comparing a milk yield of a sheep with a milk yield of a dairy cow, not by the gross quantity of milk, but by its equivalents of chemical composition, we have: milk yields of 1 cow are equivalent to the yield of 4-6 sheep. The issues of sheep milk productivity with the purpose of production of sheep's milk and its processing should be reconsidered for obtaining valuable nutritious products - hard cheeses which have an export significance. It is theoretically possible to combine and accelerate the development of cattle and sheep breeding with the formation of specialized dairy stock farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to assess the amino acid composition of veal from different genotype bull-calves concerning the usage in baby food production. A comparative analysis of the essential amino acids content in meat of calves of black-andwhite motley breed, Aberdeen Angus breed and black and white crossbreeds grown according to the traditional technology of dairy cattle breeding hasn’t showed any significant differences. However, some differences were observed for each separate amino acid. Although the difference in amino acids was 2. 9% in favor of black-and-white motley breed. According to the amino acid composition, the calves meat of Charolais breed is biologically more complete than the Aberdeen Angus calves meat of the first generation in the valine content by 7.4%, isoleucine by 45.3% (P <0.001), leucine by 15.2% (P <0.001), lysine by 7.8%, threonine and phenylalanine + tyrosine by 6.5% (P <0.05) and 7.5% (P <0.01), respectively. Amino acid content was limited by the sum of amino acids phenylalanine + tyrosine (80.2%) in purebreds and methionine + cystine (83.4%) in crossbreeds. The other amino acids content was more than 100%; it indicates a high biological and nutritional value of veal. In the first experiment, the degree of compliance with the norms of a balanced diet is 37.4-38.2%. The human body's need for such essential amino acids as valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine + tyrosine is satisfied for more than 20%; the human body's need for leucine, lysine, and threoni9ne is satisfied for more than 30%. Veal of the Charolaise young is distinguished by higher indicators. The degree of its compliance with the norms of a balanced diet is 43.8% against 37.6% in hybrid calves. It is proved that veal obtained from young animals of different breeds in ecologically clean zones has a high biological and nutritional value, it corresponds to the indices for meat raw materials for baby food in accordance with Sanitary Norms 11-63 RB98. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen has various effects on the human body. In order to study and compare the biological activity of the mature pollen grains of Betula verrucosa Ehrh. we investigated the protein-lipid composition and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of 10 samples from different habitats in the territory of Ukraine and the Slovak Republic. The collection sites are near highways and apartment blocks, as well as a nature reserve, forest and botanical garden. The protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. A chromatographic analysis of fatty acids from lipids was performed using a “Cvet 500” gas chromatograph, equipped with a flame-ionization detector in the isothermal mode. The bioactivity of aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of pollen grains was evaluated by the DPPH free radical scavenging method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) by means spectrophotometry in vitro. The protein content of the pollen of B. verrucosa ranged from 17.9% to 25.6%, depending on the habitat. Unsaturated fatty acids were found in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids. The profile of fatty acids indicates a higher content of palmitic (33.9%), oleic (29.5%) and linoleic (27.8%) acids and a low content of arachidonic (0.4%) and pentadecanoic (0.8%) acids. We also established that silver birch pollen is characterized by high antioxidant activity. The measured value of TAA for aqueous pollen extracts was within 74.8–85.5%. For the ethanol extracts it was quantified within 60.3–95.0% and for the methanol extracts – 46.1–92.6%. The Tukey test was used to determine the differences between the means at a level of P < 0.05. A strong correlation coefficient (0.70) was defined between the protein content and the TAA of aqueous extracts. In general, the Ukrainian and Slovak samples of pollen differ in the fatty acid composition of lipids and aqueous and ethanol TAA extracts. Pollen of B. verrucosa should be used for diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic purposes as close as possible to the place of origin.