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A new 2-arylbenzofuran compound, 5-dehydroxy-moracin U (1), along with 10 known compounds (2–11), were isolated from cell cultures ofMorus alba. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity assay of1–8showed that2and8exhibited significant inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production with the values of 76.4% and 98.7% at 10− 5 M, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biotransformations of icariin (1) by cell suspension cultures ofGlycyrrhiza uralensisandMorus albayielded two new metabolites, icaruralins A and B (2and3), and one known metabolite, baohuoside I (4). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. This is the first report that the cell suspension cultures ofG. uralensisandM. albapossess deglycosylation functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using first-principles method and Boltzmann theory, we simulated the thermoelectric transport properties of p-type and n-type Sr3GaSb3. It is found that the thermoelectric figure-of merit (ZT) of n-type Sr3GaSb3 is probably better than that of p-type, mainly due to its large band degeneracy. Moreover, a high ZT value of 1.74 at 850K can be achieved for n-type Sr3GaSb3 along the yy direction, corresponding to the carrier concentration 3.5×1020e cm–3. We propose that the high ZT value of experimentally synthesized p-type Sr3GaSb3 is originated from appearing of the larger number of band valley on the top of valence bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThree chromomycin derivatives, chromomycins A3 (1, CA3), A5 (2, CA5), and monodeacetylchromomycin A3 (3, MDA-CA3), were identified from the soil-derived Streptomyces sp. CGMCC 26516. A reinvestigation of the structure of CA5 is reported, of which the absolute configuration was unambiguously determined for the first time to be identical with that of CA3 based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data analysis as well as NMR and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Compounds 1–3 showed potent cytotoxicity against the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (A549, H460, H157-c-FLIP, and H157-LacZ) and down-regulated the protein expression of c-FLIP in A549 cells. The IC50 values of chromomycins in H157-c-FLIP were higher than that in H157-LacZ. Furthermore, si-c-FLIP promoted anti-proliferation effect of chromomycins in NSCLC cells. In nude mice xenograft model, 1 and 2 both showed more potent inhibition on the growth of H157-lacZ xenografts than that of H157-c-FLIP xenografts. These results verify that c-FLIP mediates the anticancer effects of chromomycins in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS), a member of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family, was the new target of anti-tubercular drug discovery. In an attempt to fully exploit the new potential anti-tuberculosis drugs presented in micro-organisms, we developed a high-throughput screening assay againstMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) PheRS and then screened a library consisting of 32,000 strains and 1500 natural product-derived compounds. One potent hit extract ofPenicillium griseofulvumCPCC-400528 was identified. In this study, isopatulin (1), (+)-epiepoformin (2) and gentisyl alcohol (3), three patulin-producing intermediates, together with three indole-tetramic acids, α-cyclopiazonic acid (4), β-cyclopiazonic acid (5) and iso-α-cyclopiazonic acid (6), were isolated and identified as bioactive constituents fromP. griseofulvumCPCC-400528. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds1,3,4, and5exhibitedMtbPheRS-inhibiting activities, as well as moderate to weak anti-tuberculosis activities againstMtbH37Rv. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Bacteria within the family Paracoccaceae show promising potential for applications in various fields, garnering significant research attention. Three Gram stain-negative bacteria, strains CPCC 101601 T , CPCC 101403 T , and CPCC 100767, were isolated from diverse environments: freshwater, rhizosphere soil of Broussonetia papyrifera , and the phycosphere, respectively. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences, compared with those in the GenBank database, indicated that they belong to the family Paracoccaceae , with nucleotide similarities of 92.5%-99.9% to all of the Paracoccaceae members with valid taxonomic names. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences identified CPCC 101601 T as a member of the genus Pseudogemmobacter , CPCC 101403 T belonging to the genus Paracoccus , and CPCC 100767 as part of the genus Gemmobacter . Notably, genomic analysis using average nucleotide identity (ANI; <95%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; <70%) with their closely related strains suggested that CPCC 101601 T and CPCC 101403 T represent new species within their respective genera. Conversely, CPCC 100767 exhibited high ANI (98.5%) and dDDH (87.4%) values with Gemmobacter fulvus con5 T , indicating it belongs to this already recognized species. The in-depth genomic analysis revealed that strains CPCC 101601 T , CPCC 101403 T , and CPCC 100767 harbor key genes related to the pathways for denitrifying, MA utilization, and polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. Moreover, genotyping and phenotyping analysis confirmed that strain CPCC 100767 has the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and produce 5-aminolevulinic acid, whereas CPCC 101601 T can only perform the former bioprocess.IMPORTANCEBased on polyphasic taxonomic study, two new species, Pseudogemmobacter lacusdianii and Paracoccus broussonetiae, affiliated with the family Paracoccaceae were identified. This expands our understanding of the family Paracoccaceae and provides new microbial materials for further studies. Modern genomic techniques such as average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization were utilized to determine species affiliations. These methods offer more precise results than traditional classification mainly based on 16S rRNA gene analysis. Beyond classification of these strains, the research delved into their genomes and discovered key genes related to denitrification, MA utilization, and polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis. The identification of these genes provides a molecular basis for understanding the environmental roles of these strains. Particularly, strain CPCC 100767 demonstrated the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and produce 5-aminolevulinic acid. These bioprocess capabilities are of significant practical value, such as in agricultural production for use as biofertilizers or biostimulants.

A Gram-negative, ellipsoidal to short-rod-shaped, motile bacterium was isolated from Beijing's urban air. The isolate exhibited the closest kinship with Noviherbaspirillum aerium 122213-3 T , exhibiting 98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genomes showed that it clustered closely with N. aerium 122213-3 T , thus forming a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the genus Noviherbaspirillum . The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain I16B-00201 T and N. aerium 122213-3 T were 84.6 and 29.4 %, respectively. The respiratory ubiquinone was ubiquinone 8. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6 c /C 16:1 ω7 c , 43.3 %), summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7 c /C 18:1 ω6 c , 15.9 %) and C 12:0 (11.0 %). The polyamine profile showed putrescine as the predominant compound. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, unknown lipids and unknown phosphatidylaminolipids. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic results consistently supported that strain I16B-00201 T represented a novel species of the genus Noviherbaspirillum , for which the name Noviherbaspirillum album sp. nov. is proposed, with I16B-00201 T (=CPCC 100848 T =KCTC 52095 T ) designated as the type strain. Its DNA G+C content is 59.4 mol%. Pan-genome analysis indicated that some Noviherbaspirillum species possess diverse nitrogen and aromatic compound metabolism pathways, suggesting their potential value in pollutant treatment.

Solirubrobacter spp. were abundant in soil samples collected from deserts and other areas with high UV radiation. In addition, a novel Solirubrobacter species, with strain CPCC 204708 T as the type, was isolated and identified from sandy soil sample collected from the Badain Jaran Desert of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. Strain CPCC 204708 T was Gram-stain positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and grew optimally at 28-30°C, pH 7.0-8.0, and in the absence of NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CPCC 204708 T showed its identity within the genus Solirubrobacter , with highest nucleotide similarities (97.4-98.2%) to other named Solirubrobacter species. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses indicated that the strain was most closely related to Solirubrobacter phytolaccae KCTC 29190 T , while represented a distinct species, as confirmed from physiological properties and comparison. The name Solirubrobacter deserti sp. nov. was consequently proposed, with CPCC 204708 T (= DSM 105495 T = NBRC 112942 T ) as the type strain. Genomic analyses of the Solirubrobacter spp. also suggested that Solirubrobacter sp. URHD0082 represents a novel species, for which the name Candidatus "Solirubrobacter pratensis" sp. nov. was proposed. Genomic analysis of CPCC 204708 T revealed the presence of genes related to its adaptation to the harsh environments of deserts and may also harbor genes functional in plant-microbe interactions. Pan-genomic analysis of available Solirubrobacter spp. confirmed the presence of many of the above genes as core components of Solirubrobacter genomes and suggests they may possess beneficial potential for their associate plant and may be important resources for bioactive compounds., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2023 Jiang, Mou, Sun, Su, Yu and Zhang.)

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, pink-pigmented, coccus bacterium, designated CPCC 101081 T , was isolated from a gravel soil sample collected from Badain Jara desert, PR China. Growth of the isolate occurred at 10-37 °C and pH 5.0-8.0, with optimal growth at 28-32 °C and pH 7.0, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7 c /C 18:1 ω6 c ), summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6 c /C 16:1 ω7 c ) and C 18:1 2-OH. Q-10 was detected as the main respiratory quinone. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an amino-containing lipid and an unidentified glycophospholipid were examined in the polar lipids extraction. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of strain CPCC 101081 T with the available sequences in the GenBank database showed that the isolate was closely related to members of the genus Rosenomonas , with the highest similarity to Roseomonas rosea DSM 14916 T (97.4 %). In the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the core genomes, strain CPCC 101081 T was included within the clade of the genus Roseomonas , representing a species level, with the closest neighbor of R. rosea DSM 14916 T . The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain CPCC 101081 T and the related type strains of the genus Roseomonas were all far lower than the cut-off values for definition species. On the basis of above phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain CPCC 101081 T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas with the name Roseomonas harenae sp. nov. strain CPCC 101081 T (=KCTC 62852 T =NBRC 113512 T ) is the type strain of the species.

A phytochemical investigation of Polygonatum odoratum roots led to the isolation of fifteen steroidal glycosides (1-15), three homoisoflavanones (16-18) and four cinnamic acid derivatives (19-22). The structures of all isolated compounds were established mainly by spectroscopic analyses as well as necessary chemical evidence, of which 1-8 (polygodorasides A-G) were identified as new steroidal glycosides. Among the isolates, compounds 7 and 17 showed remarkable in vitro inhibitory effects against influenza A virus with IC 50 values of 14.30 and 49.70 μM (positive control ribavirin 28.4 μM)., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Strain CPCC 203383 T , isolated from the surface-sterilized fruit of Cerasus pseudocerasus (Lindl.) G. Don, was taxonomically characterized based on a polyphasic investigation. It had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Ornithinimicrobium pekingense DSM 21552 (97.2 %) and O. kibberense DSM 17687 T (97.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain formed a distinct phyletic branch within the genus Ornithinimicrobium and the whole genome sequence data analyses supported that strain CPCC 203383 T was phylogenetically related to the Ornithinimicrobium species. The isolate shared a range of phenotypic patterns reported for members of the genus Ornithinimicrobium , but also had a range of cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics that separated it from related Ornithinimicrobium species. The menaquinone was MK-8(H 4 ). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and unidentified lipids (ULs). The major fatty acids (>5 %) were iso -C 15 : 0 , anteiso -C 15 : 0 , iso -C 16:0, 9- methyl C 16 : 0 , iso -C 17 : 0 and anteiso -C 17 : 0 . The cell wall peptidoglycan contains l-ornithine as diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge consisting of L -Orn← L -Ala←Gly← D -Asp. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Ornithinimicrobium, for which the name Ornithinimicrobium cerasi sp. nov. is proposed, with CPCC 203383 T (=NBRC 113522 T =KCTC 49200 T ) as the type strain. The DNA G+C composition is 72.3 mol%. The availability of new data allows for an emended description of the genus Ornithinimicrobium .

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, designated CPCC 101021 T , was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected from Badain Jaran desert, China. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence was closely related to those of members of the genus Roseomonas, showing high similarities with Roseomonas hibiscisoli THG-N2.22 T (98.0 %), Roseomonas oryzae KCTC 42542 T (97.9 %), Roseomonas rhizosphaerae YW11 T (97.9 %) and Roseomonas suffusca S1 T (97.8 %). In the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CPCC 101021 T formed a distinct subclade with R. oryzae KCTC 42542 T within the genus Roseomonas . Growth of the isolate occurred at 15-37 °C and pH 6.0-8.5, with optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 7.0. The major cellular fatty acids were C 18 : 1 ω 7c , summed feature 8 (C 16 : 1 ω 7 c/C 16 : 1 ω 6c ), summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω 6 c/C 16 : 1 ω 7c ) and C 16 : 0 ω 6c . Q-10 was detected as the main component in the respiratory quinone system, with Q-9 as a minor component. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified glycolipid were found in the polar lipid profile. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity was 84.6 % when comparing the draft genome sequences of strain CPCC 101021 T with R. oryzae KCTC 42542 T . On the basis of genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, strain CPCC 101021 T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas with the name Roseomonas vastitatis sp. nov. Strain CPCC 101021 T (=J1A743 T =KCTC 62043 T ) is the type strain of the species.

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain 16Sb5-5 T , was isolated from a sand sample collected in the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The strain was examined by a polyphasic approach to clarify its taxonomic position. Cells of the isolate were Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile and short-rod shaped. Strain 16Sb5-5 T grew optimally at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0‒2 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the A3 γ type and contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid (ll-DAP). Ribose, arabinose and glucose were detected in the whole-cell hydrolysates. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H 4 ). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. The major whole-cell fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 16Sb5-5 T was closely related to Desertihabitans aurantiacus CPCC 204711 T (99.8 % similarity) and formed a robust clade with D. aurantiacus in the phylogenetic trees. In silico genomic comparisons showed that strain 16Sb5-5 T exhibited ANI values of 94.8-94.9 % and GGDC value of 59.5 % to D. aurantiacus CPCC 204711 T . The genomic G+C content was 73.3 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 16Sb5-5 T could be distinguishable from its closest phylogenetic relative and represents a novel species of the genus Desertihabitans , for which the name Desertihabitans brevis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 16Sb5-5 T (=KCTC 49116 T =CGMCC 1.16553 T ). The description of the genus Desertihabitans has also been emended.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic bacterium, designated CPCC 204705 T , was isolated from a desert soil sample, collected from the Badain Jaran desert. Growth of strain CPCC 204705 T was observed at pH 6.0-8.0 and 15-37 °C, with optimal growth at 28 °C and pH 7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204705 T belonged to the genus Cellulomonas , showing the highest similarity (98.54 %) of 16S rRNA gene sequence to Cellulomonas oligotrophica JCM 17534 T . The peptidoglycan type was A4 β , containing d-ornithine and d-glutamic acids as diagnostic amino acids. Rhamnose and galactose were detected in the whole-cell hydrolysate as diagnostic sugars. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 15 : 1 A, C 14 : 0 and C 16 : 0 . The major menaquinone was MK-9 (H 4 ) and the polar lipid system contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unidentified lipid, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain CPCC 204705 T and C. oligotrophica JCM 17534 T was 7.1±0.4 %, and the value of average nucleotide identity between these two strains was 79.8 %. The DNA G+C content of strain CPCC 204705 T was 75.4 mol%. Based on the results of physiological experiments, chemotaxonomic data, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization value, strain CPCC 204705 T should be classified as a novel Cellulomonas species. The name Cellulomonas telluris sp. nov. is proposed, with strain CPCC 204705 T (=DSM 105430 T =KCTC 39974 T ) as the type strain.

The Arctic region has been the focus of increasing attention as an ecosystem that is highly sensitive to changes associated with global warming. Although it was assumed to be vulnerable to changes in climate, a limited number of studies have been conducted on the surface sediment bacteria of Arctic fjorden. This study assessed the diversity and distribution pattern of bacterial communities in eight marine sediments along the seafloor in a high Arctic fjorden (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). A total of 822 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified by Illumina MiSeq sequencing, targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. In these surface marine sediments, more than half of the sequences belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Lentisphaerae. The bacterial genera Marinicella, Desulfobulbus, Lutimonas, Sulfurovum and clade SEEP-SRB4 were dominant in all samples. Analysis of similarity indicated that bacterial communities were significantly different among the inner, central and outer basins (r 2  = 0.5, P = 0.03 < 0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis and permutation tests revealed that location depth (r 2  = 0.87, P < 0.01), temperature (r 2  = 0.88, P < 0.01) and salinity (r 2  = 0.88, P < 0.05) were the most significant factors that correlated with the bacterial communities in the sediments. 28 differentially abundant taxonomic clades in the inner and outer basin with an LDA score higher than 2.0 were found by the LEfSe method. The Spearman correlation heat map revealed different degrees of correlation between most major OTUs and environmental factors, while some clades have an inverse correlation with environmental factors. The spatial patterns of bacterial communities along the Kongsfjorden may offer insight into the ecological responses of prokaryotes to climate change in the Arctic ecosystem, which makes it necessary to continue with monitoring.

The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium isolated from a desert soil sample collected from Badain Jaran Desert, designated as CPCC 204711 T , was established using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the isolate were Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-motile cocci. Good growth was observed at 28 °C (range 20-40 °C), pH 7.0 (range pH 6.0-8.0) and 0-1 % NaCl concentration (range 0-5 %, w/v). Galactose, arabinose and ribose were detected as the sugar compositions in the whole cell hydrolysates. The peptidoglycan type was A3gamma (ll-Dpm-Gly). MK-9(H4) was detected as the predominant menaquinone, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, several unidentified glycolipids, and one unidentified amino-glycolipid were detected as the major polar lipids. The predominant fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204711 T affiliated to the family Propionibacteriaceae, in which the strain formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage next to the genus Mariniluteicoccus, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.0 % to Mariniluteicoccus endophyticus YIM 2617 T . Both phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported that strain CPCC 204711 T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Propionibacteriaceae, for which the name Desertihabitans aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with CPCC 204711 T (=KCTC 39977 T =DSM 105431 T ) as the type strain.

Pichia pastoris is extensively used to produce various heterologous proteins. Amounts of biopharmaceutical drugs and industrial enzymes have been successfully produced by fed-batch high-cell-density fermentation (HCDF) of this cell factory. High levels of cell mass in defined media can be easily achieved and therefore large quantities of recombinant proteins with enhanced activities and lower costs can be obtained through HCDF technology. A robust HCDF process makes a successful transition to commercial production. Recently, efforts have been made to increase the heterologous protein production and activity by the HCDF of P. pastoris. However, challenges around selecting a suitable HCDF strategy exist. The high-level expression of a specific protein in P. pastoris is still, at least in part, limited by optimizing the methanol feeding strategy. Here, we review the progress in developments and applications of P. pastoris HCDF strategies for enhanced expression of recombinant proteins. We focus on the methanol induction strategies for efficient fed-batch HCDF in bioreactors, mainly focusing on various stat-induction strategies, co-feeding, and the limited induction strategy. These processes control strategies have opened the door for expressing foreign proteins in P. pastoris and are expected to enhance the production of recombinant proteins.

An actinobacterial strain, designated CPCC 204604 T , was isolated from a water sample collected from Sancha Lake, a drinking-water reservoir in Sichuan Province, south-west China. Cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis indicated that galactose and ribose were detected as the diagnostic sugars in the whole-cell hydrolysates, and ll-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in cell-wall peptidoglycan. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The phospholipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 0 2-OH, C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 0 and 10-methyl C18:0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71.2 mol%. In the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CPCC 204604 T formed a distinct clade with Aeromicrobium ponti DSM 19178 T within the lineage of the genus Aeromicrobium, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.3 % to its closest neighbour. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, we conclude that strain CPCC 204604 T represents a novel species of the genus Aeromicrobium, for which the name Aeromicrobiumlacus sp. nov. is proposed with strain CPCC 204604 T (=NBRC 112936 T =DSM 105424 T ) as the type strain.

The taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated CPCC 204380 T , which was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample of the plant Calligonum mongolicum collected from Xinjiang Province, China, was established using a polyphasic approach. Vegetative hyphae developed well and globose bodies formed from aged hyphae. Spore chains that differentiated from the vegetative hyphae contained non-motile rod-shaped spores. The peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and 3-hydroxydiaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acids. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan was glycolyl. Glucose, mannose, ribose and xylose were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates. The predominant menaquinone was MK-10(H8), followed by MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H4). The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1ω9c. The genomic G+C content was 64.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CPCC 204380 T should be placed in the family Micromonosporaceae, in which it formed a distinct lineage next to the genera Rhizocola, Catellatospora, Catelliglobosispora, Hamadaea and Allocatelliglobosispora. It shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Rhizocola hellebori K12-0602 T (96.1 %), Catellatospora chokoriensis 2-25/1 T (95.9 %), Catelliglobosispora koreensis DSM 44566 T (95.9 %), Hamadaea tsunoensis DSM 44101 T (95.3 %) and Allocatelliglobosispora scoriae Sco-B14 T (94.2 %), and less than 94.0 % sequence similarity with other validly described species. The combination of phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics supported the proposal of strain CPCC 204380 T as representing a novel species of a new genus in the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. CPCC 204380 T (=DSM 102292 T =KCTC 39746 T ) is the type strain of the type species.

A Gram-stain-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CPCC 100842 T , was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in south-west China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison of strain CPCC 100842 T with the available sequences in the GenBank database showed that the isolate was closely related to members of the family Comamonadaceae, with the highest similarities to Simplicispira metamorpha DSM 1837 T (98.05 %), Simplicispira limi KCTC 12608 T (97.86 %), Simplicispira psychrophila LMG 5408 T (97.04 %) and Simplicispira piscis JCM 19291 T (97.0 %). In the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CPCC 100842 T formed a distinct phylogenetic subclade within the genus Simplicispira. The major cellular fatty acids were as C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c). Q-8 was detected as the only respiratory quinone. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and glycolipid were found in the polar lipid extraction. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.4 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value was 80.4 % by comparing the draft genome sequences of strain CPCC 100842 T and S. metamorpha DSM 1837 T . The DNA-DNA hybridization result between strain CPCC 100842 T and S. metamorpha DSM 1837 T showed 37±3 % genomic relatedness. On the basis of the genotypic analysis and phenotypic characteristics, we propose that strain CPCC 100842 T represents a novel species of the genus Simplicispira in the family Comamonadaceae with the name Simplicispira lacusdiani sp. nov. Strain CPCC 100842 T (=KCTC 52093 T =DSM 102231 T ) is the type strain of the species.

A novel dark pink pigmented bacterium, designated strain CPCC 100847 T (deposited with strain code 0113-15), was isolated from the urban air of Beijing, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CPCC 100847 T was related to members of the genus Roseomonas and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Roseomonas aestuarii JC17 T (97.5 %). A low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (18.7 %) with its closest type strain R. aestuarii JC17 T (KCTC 22692 T ) proved that strain CPCC 100847 T belonged to a unique genomic species. CPCC 100847 T had many common characteristics of the genus Roseomonas, but also had a range of cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics that separated it from related Roseomonas species. Cells were Gram-negative, cocci- to oval-shaped, non-motile, non-endospore-forming and strictly aerobic. The respiratory ubiquinone was Q-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were C18 : 1ω7c, anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Roseomonas. The name proposed for this species is Roseomonasglobiformis sp. nov., with CPCC 100847 T (=KCTC 52094 T ) as the type strain. The DNA G+C composition is 65.2 mol%.

The regiospecific glycosylation of pentacyclic triterpenoids by UGT73F17, a new glycosyltransferase from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, is highlighted. UGT73F17 exhibited strict substrate specificity toward the carboxyl group at C-30/C-29 of pentacyclic triterpenoids, and showed high promiscuity to sugar donors. UGT73F17 represents the first identified triterpenoid 30/29-O-glycosyltransferase, and could be used as an effective biocatalyst to synthesize glycosyl ester saponins.

To assess the diversity of actinobacterial taxa in desert sands and obtain the novel microbial resources, 79 and 50 samples were collected from the Badain Jaran (BJD) and Tengger Deserts (TGD) of China, respectively. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of environmental 16S rRNA genes within these samples was conducted on an Illumina Miseq platform, using universal bacterial primers targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region. Based on the HTS analyses, cultivation-dependent (CULD) techniques were optimized to identify the cultivable Actinobacteria members. A total of 346,766 16S rRNA gene reads comprising 3,365 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the BJD sands using HTS, while 170,583 reads comprising 1,250 OTUs were detected in the TGD sands. Taxonomic classification indicated that Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum, comprising 35.0 and 29.4% of the communities in BJD and TGD sands, respectively. Among the Actinobacteria , members of the Geodermatophilaceae were considerably abundant in both deserts, indicating that they represent ubiquitous populations within the deserts. At the genus level, Arthrobacter spp. and Kocuria spp. were dominant, and corresponded to 21.2 and 5.3% of the actinobacterial communities in BJD and TGD deserts, respectively. A total of 786 and 376 actinobacterial strains were isolated and identified from BJD and TGD samples, respectively. The isolates comprised 73 genera of 30 families within the phylum Actinobacteria . In addition to the Geodermatophilaceae, Streptomyces spp. were a prominent component of the isolates, comprising 25% of the isolates from BJD and 17.5% of those from TGD. Comparison of the actinobacterial community structure in other ecosystems indicated that Geodermatophilaceae was the main actinobacterial group in desert sands, which is consistent with our results. Additionally, in these desert habits, Geodermatophilaceae and some other core groups may promote or inhabit the subsequent members' occurrence or prosper to shape the bacteria community structure. However, it should be noted that a number of other low-abundance bacteria appear to be specific to desert sands, which are worth further investigation. In antimicrobial activity assays, 10.36 % of the tested isolates showed antimicrobial activities in one or more screens. Importantly, 37 of the newly isolated strains reported here represent novel taxa that could be valuable resources for further research of novel secondary metabolites and their ecological significance in deserts.

A phytochemical study focusing on the secoiridoid components in the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum was carried out, which finally led to the isolation of nine secoiridoid glycosides (1-9) together with two secoiridoids (10, 11). The structures of all compounds were established mainly by NMR and MS experiments as well as the necessary chemical evidence, of which 1, 2, 4 (ligulucisides A-C), 10 and 11 (liguluciridoids A and B) were identified as new secoiridoid analogues. An in vitro antiviral bioassay indicated that 1, 4, 6, and 10 displayed the inhibitory activities against influenza A virus with the IC 50 values of 16.5, 12.5, 13.1, and 18.5 μM, respectively, which were better than the positive control Ribavirin (IC 50 22.6 μM). ., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Three actinomycete strains originating from the surface-sterilized roots of Paris polyphylla were characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that they formed a deep, monophyletic branch in the genus Glycomyces, and were most closely related to the type strains of the species Glycomyces harbinensis and Glycomycesscopariae. Morphological and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strains CPCC 204357 T , CPCC 204354 and CPCC 204355 to the genus Glycomyces. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strains CPCC 204357 T , CPCC 204354 and CPCC 204355 from their closest phylogenetic related species in the genus Glycomyces. Low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness with its closest type strains of G. harbinensis and G. scopariaeindicated that strain CPCC 204357 T represent a novel species, for which the name Glycomyces paridis sp. nov. is proposed, with CPCC 204357 T (=DSM 102295 T =KCTC 39745 T ) as the type strain.