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Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is a promising tool to produce assistive technology. For instance, individuals with deafblindness (concurrent vision and hearing loss) could benefit from tactile AM-based products as touch may be their main gateway to access information. This study thus aimed to synthesize evidence on the current and potential practices involving AM in the context of deafblindness rehabilitation and to inform healthcare professionals and family caregivers on how AM can improve functioning and quality of life. A comprehensive literature search of ten databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, Web of Science, Engineering Village, and Scopus) was performed to identify sources focusing on the use of AM toward rehabilitation goals of individuals with deafblindness. Nine of 1,397 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings reveal that AM can counter barriers to full accessibility by enabling professionals to produce customized adapted material and communication devices, thus assisting individuals with deafblindness in communication, mobility, and learning. However, this review highlights a need for more AM research, resources, and training: interdisciplinary collaborations with AM specialists thus appear essential in improving rehabilitation services with AM.

This research examined the role of touch in creative media production in the context of educational and community makerspaces. Touch, while only recently explored in digital media production, is a crucial perceptive sense through which to experience the world, particularly in two- and three-dimensional making, and to explore texture, temperature, and vibration. As an embodied experience through the hands, fingers, and other body parts, touch affords knowledge and agency. This paper describes research that investigated how students, ages 8-13, used touch to make media. The findings illustrate how different touch types--explorative, creative, auxiliary, evocative, orchestrated, and transformative--emerged as central to the students' media practices for making products. These findings are important given the recent applications of embodiment theory and its relevance to creative digital media making in education and society.

Little historic context is generally provided regarding design phenomena; ideas, names, events and relationships are disregarded in design's typical superficial coverage; it is as though design exists in a vacuum. This paper seeks to put Helvetica, the face, the font and the movie into context by exploring its relationship to Swiss Design philosophically and practically. The infiltration of Helvetica, the font, into American design practices is also explored, along with some variation on typographic education from both a formal and informal perspective.

Outlines the history of the application of photographic and allied printing methods in libraries during the past 50 years. The benefits of reprints and micropublications to libraries and users are discussed, and the possible impact of computer output microfilm is examined. (19 references) (Author/CLB)

The article presents the report of the Executive Secretary and Treasurer of the American Finance Association. Blackwell Publishers continues to do a good job with the Association's printing and publishing needs. All back issues of the "Journal of Finance" up through Volume 52 of 1997 are now available online. The Association's finances are in good shape, even though membership has experienced a small decline from 1997 to 1999. The Annual Meeting for 2000 will be held in Boston, Massachusetts on January 7-9, 2000.

Background/Aim. There is limited published evidence on the cytotoxicity of 3D printed polymer materials for dentistry applications, despite that they are now widely used in medicine. Stereolithography (SLA) is one of the foremost 3D processes used in 3D printing, yet there are only a small number of resin materials reported to be suitable for medical applications. The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the cytotoxic effect of the 3D printed resin in order to establish the suitability for its usage in dentistry and related medical applications such as surgical dental guides, occlusal splits and orthodontic devices. Methods. To examine the cytotoxicity of the 3D printed polymer-based epoxy resin, Accura® ClearVue™ (3D-Systems, USA), two cell cultures were used: mouse fibroblasts L929, and human lung fibroblasts MRC-5. The cell viability was determined by the Mosmann's colorimetric (MTT) test and the agar diffusion test (ADT). Results. Direct contact of the tested material with the ADT test showed nontoxic effects of tested material in any cell culture. The tested material showed no cytotoxic effect after 3 days of extraction of the eluate by the MTT, but mild cytotoxic effect after 5, 7 and 21 days on both cell lines. The cytotoxicity increased with increasing the time of the eluate extraction. Conclusion. The 3D printed polymer-based epoxy resin, Accura® ClearVue™ (3D-Systems, USA) is considered appropriate for making surgical dental implant guides according to the cytotoxic behavior. According to the mild level of cytotoxicity after the longer extraction periods, there is a need for further evaluation of biocompatibility for its application for the occlusal splints and orthodontic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the advertising trade cards related to the dentistry used during the period of 1870 to 1900 in the U.S. It states that the period saw attractive advertising trade cards because of the technological advances in lithography, particularly the use of color in printing, along with the increase in the number of printing companies. It mentions that the trade cards were given to children to distribute to passersby in the street, sent through the mail and placed in packages at the general stores, and offered colorful and sentimental pictures of babies, young children, flowers, animals or beautiful scenes of nature. It presents several pictures of advertising trade cards that were used to advertise individual dentists of dental parlors in the 19th century.

This article considers servant and slave runaway advertisements as a qualitative rather than quantitative source focusing less, as others have, on the fugitives’ agency, and more on their commodification as laborers and its relationship to the rise of print culture and paper money. I am concerned in particular with the payment of rewards and what they signified of the runaways’ relation to wider colonial society. Rewards were introduced in the mid-seventeenth century by public authorities and were payable in fixed amounts and stipulated commodity monies. These early settlement measures treated runaways as a social and disciplinary challenge to the common good. Thus, the earliest use of rewards developed within a publicly administered framework of corporate priorities and obligations and produced mixed results. Beginning in the eighteenth century, the use of printed newspaper notices transformed the pursuit of runaways into a public and private endeavor, enhancing established institutions and processes in the service of individual interests and market-oriented ends. Most important, private notices offered monetary rewards to potential pursuers and thus an assurance that their efforts would be recompensed in negotiable currency. In so doing, newspaper notices and rewards stigmatized runaway servants and enslaved workers in ways that fostered a sense of their alterity and subordination within civil society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's criticism on the address given during the inaugural convention of the American Bible Society (ABS) in Manhattan, New York City in May 1816. Various topics discussed include brief history of the ABS, Americanization project of ABS, printing culture in the U.S. and language of the Bible.

An interview is presented with Kseniya Thomas, owner of Thomas Printers. She discusses topics such as receiving education in printing, her training in printing and printing history. Other topics which includes letterpress, printing traditions and commercial letterpress printing in U.S. are also discussed.

The article focuses on early printing in Montana focusing on the development of portable presses for military and mercantile applications that focused on the dissemination of printing. It discusses the role of printers like Francis Thompson, Benjamin R. Dittes, and Daniel Webster Tilton. The article discusses the history of the printing business in Montana. The author discusses the challenges faced by printers as they transported hand presses from one place to the other.

Does the First Amendment's protection of freedom of the "press" simply mean that we all have the right to use mass communication technology to disseminate our speech? Or does it provide constitutional safeguards for a particular group of speakers who function as government watchdogs and citizen surrogates? This question defines the current debate over the Press Clause. The Supreme Court's Citizens United decision, along with recent work by Michael McConnell and Eugene Volokh, suggests the answer is the former. This Article pushes back on that view by considering how the historical experience of early printing can best inform our modern view of press freedom. It starts by expanding the scope of the relevant historical evidence. Discussions about the original meaning of the "press" typically focus only on the ratifying generation's explicit rhetoric. This approach, however, fails to consider valuable evidence about colonial and early- American lived experiences with the printing press. To members of the framing generation, this new evidence reveals, the press was a tool of limited access, available only to certain speakers, controlled by gatekeeper printers, and used primarily for matters of public concern. Early Americans may have spoken of press freedom as open and inclusive, but printing, as they actually knew it, was not. Rather, it played a specific societal role. Historical evidence is only of true value, moreover, if it is used to address the right question. This Article thus shifts the pertinent question from "what" members of the founding generation were protecting--technology or trade--to "why" they sought to protect it. History reveals that they saw the Press Clause as having two functions--an individual, self-expressive function and a structural, government-monitoring function. At the time, a singular notion of the "press" embodied all of these concepts (a technology as well as an expressive and a structural function), leaving no need to distinguish among them. Today, however, that conceptual overlap no longer exists. For a variety of reasons--including advances in communication technologies, expansion of access to these technologies, growing complexity of government, and development of journalistic standards--press functions and press technology are now unique concepts. Today's advanced mass communication technologies, buoyed by our modern robust speech jurisprudence, provide individuals with extensive expressive channels. Modern journalistic practices, meanwhile, fill a more dedicated and refined watchdog role. To be sure, some overlap still exists. Broad use of mass communication technology can lead to government scrutiny, and journalism has expressive qualities. But the primary uses of the two have diverged significantly since the late-1700s. An interpretation of the Press Clause that is faithful to the original goals of press freedom should reflect these modern realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the composing and drafts of the U.S. Declaration of Independence document in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in July 1776. An overview of the use of capitalization on the document, including in regard to the U.S. Founding Father and future President Thomas Jefferson's use of capital letters, is provided. The role that the printer John Dunlap played in the printing of the Declaration of Independence is discussed.

An essay is presented which discusses the relationship between the publication of the book "David Cusick’s Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations," by David Cusick and U.S. printing during the early 19th century. An overview of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Indians' historiography depicted within the book, including of Haudenosaunee land tenure, is provided.

Recirculating the assertion of magazine historian Frank Luther Mott, subsequent generations of scholars maintained that Godey's Lady's Magazine eschewed content treating the social, political, and economic issues of the day. This article challenges that nearly universal reading of Godey's by arguing for the importance of a close reading of the “match plates” commissioned by Godey for his magazine. Appearing between 1840 and 1860, these plates, many engraved from pendant paintings created expressly for Godey, draw on the popularity of stage melodrama, dramatic tableau, and tableaux vivants to enact a performative morality addressing major social, economic, and political issues. Early match plates contrast virtue and vice, capitalizing on the enormous popularity of William Hogarth's engraving series Industry and Idleness. Match plates appear also in the popular fashion plates of the magazine – echoing the city mystery novels, plays, and prints first popularized by Eugene Sue – in Christmas for the Rich/Christmas for the Poor and Dress the Maker/Dress the Wearer. By 1860, even the magazine's “useful” contents, such as the pattern work prized by Godey's readers, echo the popularity of match plates: hence Fruit for Working/Flowers for Working. Closer attention to Godey's engravings calls for a reassessment of Mott's assertion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents a study that investigates the effectiveness of graphene flexographic printing as replacement of platinum in counteracting catalyst electrodes in the U.S. The methods used by researchers to find replacement of platinum assembly. Moreover, the potential of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) are stated.

The essay examines the process of importing texts into colonial and early American cities through an analysis of book importation in Baltimore, Maryland. Particular focus is given to local booksellers' direct importation of texts and the advertising for these books they carried out in Baltimore newspapers. Also discussed are American domestic book trade networks and the rise of the U.S. book printing industry.

The article discusses serial set publications in the U.S. It notes that the rational of compiling, editing and printing of U.S. Federal documents, known as the American State Papers (ASP), can be found in the report titled Republication of Congressional Documents, published in January 4, 1832. Information on number of the publications, series and pagination is offered.

The article discusses the role of the portable press and field printing in the U.S. Civil War. According to the author, portable presses were used by both the Union and Confederate armies and navies and allowed them to quickly produce and distribute urgent military orders as well as requisition forms and other materials such as unit newsletters. Details on the design of various portable presses, including the Lowe Press and the Army Press, are presented.

The article presents a history of advertising posters for touring theatrical productions of melodramas at the turn of the twentieth century, including color printing techniques, depictions of scenes from plays, printer David Allen and his poster firm David Allen & Sons. The article discusses theatrical productions in the West End district of London, England, the popularity of American printing, and posters for plays such as "D. T. or Lost By Drink," "Soldiers of the Queen," and "Called Back."

The article offers the author's view on several factors which affect the history and printing of books in the U.S. The author states the dematerializing artistic interests in materiality and social content in art. The author notes the decision of art teachers to morph into university professors whose teaching was directed by critical theory. The author mentions the issue of craft that occupy a point more toward the middle of art-craft spectrum.

The article looks at the spaces and quads used on letterpress printing in the U.S. in the twentieth-century. It states that the widest of the fractional widths is the en quad at one-half the width of the em quad. It notes that the two sizes of spaces, the thick and thin are found in Moxon, with the thin space being one-seventh em wide and thick space of uncertain width. It mentions that the spaces and quads cast could not be used with type cast by another due to body sizes.

The authors reflect on the potential online publication of the "New Phytologist" journal in 2012 in the U.S. They mention that their decision to produce an online version of the journal is driven by the increasing number of readers who prefer to utilize electronic journals. They reveal that the other factors which prompted them are the difficulties encountered by subscribers in terms of storing and accessing printed journals and the rising costs of printing and distributing of these journals.

The article focuses on the history of paper specifications of the U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) in 1895-1980. It says that the Printing Act of 1895 has provided GPO the power to set and employ quality standards to obtain paper from the marketplace. It mentions that the Paper Specification of GPO specified paper composition as well as the initial acidity from at least 1950s onward. It adds that the specification offer enough data, which can be used to compare the paper selection of GPO.

The Rediscovered Map Collection of the John Hay Library offers vivid examples of mapmaking and map use in the United States from 1800 to 1920. This collection testifies to the changing technology and diversifying demands that made maps more available throughout this epoch. Libraries often have hidden treasures of this material, uncataloged and unknown to the community. With some organization and commitment, Americana paper maps can be arranged into a vibrant collection. We break down this epoch into 30-year periods to analyze the tremendous changes that occurred and how they impact libraries today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the "Printers' International Specimen Exchange," a journal founded by British printer Andrew W. Tuer. The author comments on the Caxton Celebration print exhibition, British and international submissions to the journal, and the quality of printing in Great Britain versus the United States. He also examines the journals "The British Printer" and "Paper & Printing Trades Journal." The downfall of the "Printers' International Specimen Exchange" is attributed to the management of Tuer's colleague Robert Hilton.

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This is the third article in a periodic five-part series on publishing nutrition research. These monographs are designed to assist in the interpretation of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association author guidelines and provide guidance in publishing and interpreting nutrition- related research articles. This installment focuses on the use of nonparametric statistical methods. The rationale for their use, their advantages and disadvantages, non- parametric alternatives to parametric tests, nonparametric statistical analysis, examples of their use, and helpful resources for further study are topics and issues addressed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay delves into the publication history of the book "The Game of Logic (GL)," by Lewis Carroll, that had two different editions. When GL was to be published for the 1886 Christmas market, Carroll made a cancellation of the first edition because he was not satisfied with the printing job of the local printer E. Baxter. However, the author sent an original copy to his colleague R. E. Baynes while 250 copies were sent to the U.S., and decided to make extensive revisions to the book particularly in chapter 3. The revised book was referred to the 1887 edition. The release of the 1887 edition preceded the 1886 in the bookstalls in the U.S.

The article discusses the printing techniques adopted by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in the U.S. during the 1960s. An overview is given of various methods used by the SDS to communicate with people through the print medium. SDS' internal printing facilities helped it to become the biggest social movement in the history of the U.S. The organization used the print medium to organize campaigns against the policies of the government and to influence people to join their organization.

The article discusses 19th-century German-American lithographer John Bachmann and his bird's eye illustrations of cities. The scarcity of biographical records for Bachmann is discussed, though his birth in Switzerland, early lithography in France, and move to New York City are described. His family and the involvement of his son John Jr. in the printmaking business are also discussed, along with the technique of constructing bird's eye views (also called aerial or balloon views). Images are presented of his city views of Zurich, Switzerland; Paris, France; New York City; and elsewhere.

"Alternative publishing" in the American counter-culture era of the 1970s attracted talented young writers, many of them from MFA programs or unofficial literary centers, who felt shut out of the existing publishing culture, and who were then moved to the quixotic effort to start literary magazines or small presses and to learn the difference between printing and publishing on a trial and error basis. Ploughshares emerged from this background to become one of the durable and most influential magazines in America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the main themes of the premier U.S. print event, "Graph Expo 2007." The event provided U.S. publishing professionals with an important overview of their key delivery vehicle - printing. Whether in the cross-media, online-only publishing or for publishers who depend on offset or digital print, the show was significant for the print publishing community. Although, Job Definition Format (JDF)-enabled workflow systems were still the most sought-after technologies for the industry, green printing was also evident at the show. "Environmental sustainability," "climate change," and "green print" were the most frequently repeated phrases in major vendor booths and in several educational venues.