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In 2020, hundreds of sub-national government officials and Chinese Communist Party cadres undertook a months-long experiment in livestreaming and social commerce. These sectors are among the most dynamic in the Chinese internet economy and culture, yet Chinese officials have generally resisted engaging with popular and celebrity cultures, even as institutions have begun to expand and modernize their digital operations. Why, then, did a substantial cohort of local officials undertake this experiment? The proximate reason was that they wanted to help local producers hit by the pandemic and to meet their own pending poverty alleviation targets. However, the significance of the case is broader, reflecting the central state and Party's revised thinking on political communications in an era of internet celebrity and self-media and the propensity for local officials to innovate and experiment in the field of digital and popular communication. Investigating empirically how and how effectively livestreaming was employed at the local level helps us to illuminate these dynamics. To facilitate the study, we investigated how officials understood and performed internet celebrity through in-person semi-structured interviews and a three-month virtual ethnographic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the digital economy's impact on rural household consumption upgrading. Existing studies remain mainly at the level of rural consumption scale and rarely address the consumption structure. The specific impact of the development of the digital economy on rural consumption upgrading and its mechanisms of action deserves in-depth study and consideration. We analyzed the related content using the fixed-effect model, the instrumental variable method (IV), the mediation effect model, and three-year panel data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). This study found that, at the scale level, the digital economy contributes to expanding rural household consumption. At the structural level, the digital economy significantly increases the share of enjoyment-oriented household consumption but has no significant effect on development-oriented consumption. Income is an important transmission mechanism for the digital economy to improve rural household consumption. Besides, the impact of the digital economy on the upgrading of rural consumption varies according to income level and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These days, digital art has substantially improved painting art in China's new media period through modern technology and specialized software, which has generated various digital artworks with painting effects, demonstrating their aesthetic, commercial, and cultural worth. As a result, designers must actively investigate intelligently linked and content-diverse techniques to innovate and improve digital media art. This investigation will allow the extraction of pivotal role of digital media communication and drives visual art to new heights in the modern digitized era. Based on this motivation, this paper tries to analyze the application of new media digital technology in painting creation using big data. The major goal is to obtain insights into artists' behavior using behavioral habits and a morphological algorithm in digital painting. The study investigates the design process of digital painting by analyzing the habitual forms displayed by diverse painting user groups and integrating them with user experience design concepts. Two experimental methodologies are used to investigate painting user behavior: the interview method and the observation method. The observation approach collects comprehensive user behavior data to develop a habit form model that includes a both virtual and real activity. This model employs a hierarchical scheme emphasizing various behavior aspects and concepts throughout user interactions and painting system operations. The interview method, on the other hand, captures the psychological activities involved in user behavior decision-making. The study discovers and decomposes the traits specific to these characters by defining painted characters, developing their behavior sets, and making interactive decisions. The learned information and experience are then applied in interactive decision-making processes. Based on these findings, prototype development includes explicit and implicit interaction prototypes, with usability tests determining whether specific roles are included in the design. Throughout the study process, fuzzy mapping associations are built, and behavior mappings are labeled with varying relationship proportions, providing critical data for the habit form model's construction. The paper uses new digital media technology to create paintings and experiments with 50 randomly selected persons. Forty-four participants are well-known authors on major painting websites, with the remaining six being interviewed as professional painters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current digital era, crucial questions include whether and how nondemocratic regimes retain information control in the face of proliferating new communication technologies. The scholarship has long cited China as a prime example of how authoritarian regimes implement internet censorship. Echoing emergent studies that have called attention to the highly fragmented nature of China's censorship agencies, which operate at different government levels, this research addresses local censorship agencies and their practices. Combining participatory observations and in-depth interviews conducted in a district in H City, one of China's digital economy hubs, this research explores how the local censorship regime deploys soft forms of maintaining control over information. Based on an institutional approach, the findings show that the local censorship regime has adopted proactive strategies to build a reciprocal relationship with local news start-ups, forming a variant of 'contingent symbiosis'. The local censorship regime uses policy and economic stimulus to co-opt news start-ups, inducing them to distance themselves from politically sensitive issues and local negative news and boost local propaganda agendas. These internet organisations have attempted to sustain positive relationships with the local censorship regime to acquire government resources and patronage, which would ensure their stable operation and survival under stiff competition in a precarious institutional environment. This research further explains the conditions of fragmented governance and platformisation under which this contingent symbiosis forms and the routinised practices that sustain it. This relational governance is covert and brings new challenges to the free flow of information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this introductory essay, the editors consider the current challenges in understanding a networked China. We consider how the digital media landscape has changed just since an earlier collection of research in 2015, subtitled 'global dynamics of digital media and civic engagement.' We take up this orienting concept of civic engagement to explore emerging mediated spaces for cultural production through global connectivities. Beyond an area studies contribution, we focus on China more broadly as a complex global assemblage: an intersection of technology, norms, and socio-cultural structures. Our contributors were invited to consider 'what' and 'where' is China, and 'how do we know China?' Along with logistical challenges of fieldwork involving constraints of geopolitics and pandemic, we encouraged an epistemic reflexivity around reliance on certain paradigms, concepts and kinds of data. This research is further complicated by sensitivities around by the very vocabulary often involved, including public, civil society, and civic engagement itself. In the search for digital China, contributors consider how to think about China and how to locate a digital China. In exploring digital production and performance of and in China, we include analyses of fandom, idols, and the curation of collective pandemic memories. Together, this collection provides a rich set of deeply researched cases and imaginative new strategies to understand how the contradictions of digital China – between connectivity and control – are playing out, with important implications for the changing nature of public life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematically identification and building of digital capability in the Digital Age are of great significance to the obtainment of enterprises’ sustainable competitive advantages. This article first proposes typical application paradigms for the general framework of building digital capability of industrial enterprises in the Digital Age (FBDC) announced as international standard. Then data of over 4100 practical cases of building digital capabilities using FBDC by over 4000 Chinese industrial enterprises are collected. Based on the data, major directions, core implementations of digital capabilities building are systematically demonstrated through statistical analysis. Furthermore, we divide the investigated enterprises into different groups by sector, then organize in-depth research works to illustrate the major directions and typical practices of building digital capabilities in China's raw materials sector, equipment sector, and consumer goods sector. The results show that the major concerns of Chinese industrial enterprises building digital capabilities are centered on six aspects: R&D and innovation, production management and control, supply chain management, financial management and control, business management, and customer service. The results of sector-wise analysis also provide practical reference to industrial enterprises and other stakeholders to identify suitable digital capability based on information and communication technologies application in the Digital Age and efficiently implement the digital capability building process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the speed of digital media to disseminate information is also accelerating, and the forms of communication become more and more diversified. In order to make digital media art better innovate and develop, designers should actively explore, so that art under digital media has the characteristics of intelligence, networking, and content diversification, so that it can be better applied in modern digital media communication and let visual art reach new development heights in the context of digital media. The current rapid development of artificial intelligence technology is being gradually applied to all fields of society. From the current point of view, China's digital media art will inevitably remain in the early development stage for a long time to face many difficulties and problems. In the context of the era of artificial intelligence, there will also be a large number of art and design talents for continuous research and exploration, and the emergence of these talents will certainly prompt the further development and enhancement of digital media art and artificial intelligence technology. In this process, it is especially worth noting that China's excellent cultural connotations should not be abandoned. Committed to digging more beneficial digital media art elements from traditional culture to make digital media art always develop in a more meaningful way. This paper takes the artificial intelligence era as the background, discusses the core of the development of the mutual integration of artificial intelligence technology and digital media art, analyzes the current development status of digital media art and technology, as well as the innovative development direction and future trends, proposes a digital media art design algorithm based on the convolutional neural network, and finally proves the effectiveness of the method in the relevant data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the social public resource digital sharing system (SPRDSS) has been accelerated with the evolution of digital information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper analyzes the dissipative structure features and formation process of SPRDSS in China. Combined with the Brusselator model and its transformation, this paper empirically analyzes the dissipative structure of SPRDSS using panel data collected from 30 Chinese provinces (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2015 to 2019. The results show that the SPRDSS in China has pre-conditions to form a dissipative structure. At present, the SPRDSSs in most Chinese provinces have not yet formed the dissipative structure, but they are gradually evolving into it. The global orderliness of the sharing system is greater in eastern China than in central China and greater in central China than in western China. The potential for improving global orderliness is greater in western China than in central China and is greater in central China than in eastern China. Therefore, proper policies and measures should be adopted to accelerate the construction of SPRDSS based on the evolution of dissipative structure and to promote the sustainable development of the digital sharing economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TikTok, as an emerging digital geography, has transformed remote communication to a live, instant, and uncannily realistic interaction. To explore the implications of TikTok on older adults, this paper examines the accounts of older Chinese TikTok celebrities – their participation in TikTok as well as the major discourses of ageing mediated by TikTok. An empirical study was conducted by quantitatively analysing web‐scraped comments on older TikTok celebrities and by interpreting the themes present in these popular TikTok accounts. The empirical results unveil that TikTok facilitates the social interactions of older digital celebrities by creating a caring environment. However, the healthy ageing paradigm promoted by the Chinese government is also promoted by TikTok's recommendation algorithm and platform capitalism. The healthy ageing paradigm prioritises older adults who are healthy and independent, and as a result marginalises those who have a disease or disability or are dependent on others in some way. As a result, the healthy ageing paradigm promoted by TikTok constitutes another form of ageism. Responding to the call to go beyond "the digital", our research contributes to digital geography by examining the geographies of ageing mediated by TikTok. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of clustering algorithms is intrinsically difficult because of the lack of objective measures. On the basis of the DIFI and China's Provincial Panel data, this study aims to test the poverty reduction effect of digital inclusive finance in three dimensions of income, education, and healthcare and further look at the transmission mechanism of digital inclusive finance in poverty alleviation. The results indicated that digital inclusive finance exerts a poverty reduction effect in three dimensions—medical poverty, income poverty, and education poverty. Of these, the coverage breadth significantly affects the alleviation of medical poverty, the use depth significantly affects the alleviation of income poverty and education poverty, and the digitization level affects the alleviation of poverty in three dimensions. The level of regional economic development plays an intermediary role in the poverty alleviation effect of digital inclusive finance. Compared with the western region, which is relatively backward in development, the poverty reduction effect of digital inclusive finance in the eastern region is more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education abruptly adhered to Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) as a way to return to classes. This paper aims to analyze how DICT during the pandemic. The methodology was a Systematic Literature Review to identify articles on the theme and were selected 36 articles related to the research objective. The results show a predominance of qualitative and empirical studies on DICT and address the impacts of the transition from classroom teaching to remote teaching, the challenges, and the possibilities regarding their use in education. On the origin, most studies are from China and Indonesia. About the public, studies with university students stand out. Thus, the use of DICT in education was a major challenge. Teachers and students did not use DICT more intensively for teaching and learning before the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Currently, both the heated building area and total pipe length have been increased significantly. Despite the rapid development of China's heating industry, the overall efficiency of district heating systems is relatively low. In this paper, an innovative smart and transparent heating mode is proposed to solve the problems of the current heating mode. The proposed method integrates two core technologies: the 3D‐GIS digital twin model and the NB‐IoT wireless communication system. The concept, main characteristic of the proposed heating mode is discussed. A concrete technical scheme of the heating mode integrating the static and dynamic data of DHN is presented. To test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed heating mode, two cases with a concrete implementation scheme are presented. The energy reduction rate, pump efficiency, and hydraulic imbalance level of proposed heating mode is compared with the traditional heating mode. Results show that the energy consumption of DHN under traditional set secondary‐side supply target temperature control mode can be reduced by 26.11% compared with smart and transparent heating mode during the heating period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the formation of popular music idol industries in China and the emergence of data fandom. It charts the growth of digital platforms and historicizes the commercial and geopolitical itinerations linking cultural production in Japan, South Korea, and China. It locates data fandom as an integral part of the popular music industries reconfigured by digital social media platforms; a structural change from the production-to-consumption 'supply chain' model of the recording era towards emergent circuits of content that integrate industries and audiences. Data fans understand how their online activities are tracked, and adopt individual and collective strategies to influence metric and semantic information reported on digital platforms and social media. This article analyses how the practices of data fans impact upon charts, media and content traffic, illustrating how this activity benefits the idols they are following, and enhances a fan's sense of achievement and agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heightened securitisation of Islamic terrorism has received significant attention in Western countries, but little is known about the extent to which netizens in centralised political systems such as China have responded to this threat. This article seeks to address this gap by examining the localisation of the globalised fear of terrorism in China. It analyses online posts about international terrorism that appeared on Sina Weibo in China between 2011 and 2016, and shows how the opinions about terrorism expressed in the Chinese digital media sphere are strongly polarised. We argue that in China's online sphere the localisation of the "war on terror" frame generates two key polarised public responses – "negotiated acceptance" and "negative re-utilisation" – and that this polarisation of opinions about terrorism stems, in part, from China's stability-oriented approach to managing terrorism. These findings point to both an acceptance of and a resistance to the securitisation of terrorism and the globalised fear that it (re)produces. Moreover, the findings offer insights into the extent to which local security concerns and beliefs in the Chinese political system can create a divergence between the local perspectives on terrorism and the Western experiences and practices of security labelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The primary objectives of the article are to systematically investigate the effects of differentiated functions of WeChat use (social use and recreational use) on university students' online self-presentation, social support and sense of belonging. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from a web-based survey on a sample of 485 university students in mainland China. Correlation analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were implemented to address the corresponding hypotheses. Findings: The results demonstrate that the social use of WeChat is positively related to online self-presentation, whereas recreational use is unrelated to such behavior. Additionally, the findings verify that online self-presentation is a significant predictor of both social support and sense of belonging. Furthermore, online self-presentation could mediate the influence of social use of WeChat on social support and sense of belonging. Research limitations/implications: Theoretically, the study represents an initial effort to elucidate the joint impact of differentiated functions of WeChat use and online self-presentation on social support and sense of belonging. Practically, these findings identify the crucial mediation role of online self-presentation in assisting individuals to acquire social support and promote sense of belonging. Originality/value: Although mobile social media has brought dramatic revolutions in interaction and interpersonal behaviors, the empirically studies regarding the potential influences of its utilization are equivocal. These outcomes may shed meaningful light on the comprehending of unique characteristics of WeChat communication and how it could impact people's psychosocial development in the digital era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atlases contain a large number of maps, and their design requires unity and coordination. When designing map symbol sizes, we must consider not only the requirements of single maps, but also the coordination of the whole atlas. Changing the map scales and statistical unit resolution alters the visual perception of maps, even if the symbols are unchanged. Therefore, appropriate and coordinated atlas symbols are required. This paper analyzes the main factors influencing the symbol design of the National Economic Atlas of China, establishes a visual-variable system of atlas symbols, and models the variable combinations and sizes of experimental symbols. It also analyzes 592 experimental maps and constructs an adaptability evaluation model of map symbol sizes under multivariate conditions. By relating the appropriate symbol sizes to the thematic data, we formulate the symbol size under multivariate conditions, thereby improving the standardization of symbol design in the National Economic Atlas of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the interplay between political, economic and technological factors in China has resulted in the taming of critical journalism since the rule of Xi Jinping in 2012. While trying to reduce ideological ambiguity and revive Maoist ideology, the authorities operate overt and covert mechanisms of media control that dramatically limit reporting space. Market and digital communication technologies are currently contributing to tightening media control by worsening the context for critical journalism. The threat of the market to critical journalism that began in the early twenty-first century has deepened. The capitalisation of digital platforms, outperforming the empowering potential of digital communication technologies, has led to the pursuit of entertainment and capital in the media environment where critical journalism is practised. A hostile political climate and the pursuit of profit have radically diminished the necessary conditions for sustaining critical journalism. With this institutional crisis, critical journalism has little capacity and foundation to struggle with the party-state over reporting space. In this case, therefore, with neither the market nor digital media technologies being a liberalising force, they have helped the state to wield political power and to consolidate media control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Case for Reframing ODR in Emerging Economies: Reports of ODR implementations in emerging economies are still rare, at least outside of China, which in many ways has already emerged digitally at least. But the lack of reports does not mean that there is not increasing ODR activity there. Underlying forces – the usage of smart phones and the rising volume of digital payments outside of the dispute frameworks created by traditional payment card schemes – point to increasing potential access to digital justice, as well as the need for it. This article argues for reframing the case for ODR in two ways that may make it more relevant for policy makers in developing countries. The first is to position ODR in the rapidly growing field of 'regtech' (regulatory technology). The second is to show ODR as a layer in the emerging 'stacks' of the technology enabling digital government, such as the 'India stack.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of online media, and particularly social media, has led to scholarly debates about their implications. Authoritarian countries are interesting in this respect because social media might facilitate open and critical debates that are not possible in traditional media. China is arguably the most relevant and interesting case in this respect, because it limits the influx of non-domestic social media communication, has established its own microcosm of social media and tries to closely monitor and control it and censor problematic content. While such censorship is very effective in some instances, however, it fails to shut down all open debates completely. We analyse the pre-eminent Chinese social media platform – Sina Weibo – and present a typology of different kinds of public spheres that exist on this platform in which open and critical debates can occur under specific circumstances: Thematic public spheres include phenomena of common concern, such as environmental pollution or food safety; short-term public spheres emerge after unexpected events; encoded public spheres are deliberate attempts of users to circumvent censorship; local public spheres focus on sub-national phenomena and problems; non-domestic political public spheres exist on political topics from other countries but are often referenced back to China; mobile public spheres exist because many people use Weibo on their smartphones and also have access to deleted content there and meta public spheres are debates about censorship itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's weibo community numbered more than 300 million users in 2013. This article assesses the rise and influence of microblogs from political, social, and commercial aspects. It examines ways the Chinese government has controlled microblogs, considers newer competing forms of communication, and assesses trends in Chinese digital discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines public discourse surrounding the development and deployment of digital television in China from 1999 to 2004. It analyzes print media constructions of this new media technology against the backdrop of controlled commodification and formation of trans-media groups that define media reform, development and management. The study reveals how these structural changes play a key role in restraining the development of a flexible business environment in which print media can support critical technological development. Inhibiting the media's ability to promote this technological development is a lack of market-oriented experience and knowledge and organizational integration under the current trans-media structure. Accordingly, considerable doubt is cast over the government's broad strategy of media reform, development and management to successfully support the deployment of digital television as the pre-eminent technology in China's drive towards modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reprint of a planning document for the 2008 Olympic Games regarding digital communication systems and information services jointly issued by the Beijing, China city government and the Beijing Games organizing committee and posted on the committee's Web site on October 22, 2002. Plans to expedite the installation of wireless and digital communication systems throughout the city are presented, as well as plans for information services at Games facilities.

Prognostics and health management (PHM) is an active re- search area, being implemented into many Chinese products and systems. In China, the key technologies of PHM, which include sensor and data acquisition, data transmission, data preprocessing, health monitoring, fault diagnosis, fault prognosis and decision support, have a long research history. This paper discusses PHM in China and overviews key papers in the Total Chinese Journal Database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a robust and adaptive carrier recovery method for Chinese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) system in which pilot signal and pseudnoise (PN) sequence are adopted to help carrier recovery. The conventional methods utilize pilot or PN sequence respectively. In this paper, we try to combine the advantage of each method together and propose a well designed state machine to control system state automatically. Moreover, as for using PN sequence, a fine PN tracking state is introduced to ensure the robustness of the proposed method. Software simulations show that the proposed method can provide large acquisition range, short acquisition time and small tracking jitter in severely distorted static and dynamic channels. Lab tests and Field trials also prove its good performance in real propagation environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital terrestrial multimedia/television broadcasting (DTMB), which is the recently released Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard, uses guard intervals padded with known pseudo-noise (PN) sequences for multi-carrier or single-carrier block transmission. Well designed synchronization algorithms are a prerequisite for achieving high-quality multimedia transmission. In this paper, a novel frame synchronization technique, which is robust to carrier frequency offset (CFO), is proposed for DTMB systems. This technique is derived through segmenting the local PN sequence into M contiguous blocks and performing multiple cross-correlations with the received signal. The metric for peak detection is defined as the non-coherent summation of the M cross-correlation magnitude outputs. Moreover, a low-complexity frame synchronizer based on segment-based full correlation for PN420 mode in DTMB system is proposed. It is shown through computer simulation that the proposed techniques generally outperform the conventional ones when CFO occurs, over both AWGN and frequency-selective fading channels. For a DTMB system using PN420 mode, the maximal allowed CFO to keep system still working normally of our proposed schemes are more than 3 times larger than that of the conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to find a robust and sustainable positioning approach in Hong Kong, where the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal is frequently blocked by high buildings, traffic tunnels, etc. After evaluating several kinds of complementary positioning means, the GPS/dead-reckoning (DR)/map-matching (MM) integrated positioning technology is selected. During navigation, if the GPS signal is good enough, the GPS/DR/MM mode will be used; otherwise, the DR/MM mode will be used, and the MM algorithm will correct the DR system in a timely fashion. Generally, if the vehicle is running in a straight road, heading-related parameters in the DR system will be corrected, and if the vehicle makes a turn, both distance- and heading-related parameters will be corrected. Unfortunately, existing MM algorithms show poor performance near a road crossing or in a dense road network. To resolve this problem, based on road traverses and a linear heading-change model, an MM algorithm that considers historical information is proposed. First, a unified point-based MM calculating framework is presented, and the disadvantages of several kinds of existing MM algorithms are also given. After that, a single-line-single-direction road network model is presented, and the MM algorithm is always executed on road traverses instead of a single road so that historical information can be easily kept. By adopting the linear heading-change model, the problem of no analytical solution in the MM that considers heading information is obviated, and the MM ambiguities in road crossings can be greatly removed. Finally, an onsite MM test in Hong Kong is presented, and the test proves that the proposed MM algorithm provides long-time robust positioning performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's aggressive strategy to develop a modern economy is matched only by an even more ambitious program of technological development. The Chinese government has earmarked digital broadcasting as the pre-eminent media technology to emerge in China's expanding and diversifying mediascape. Yet, in spite of predictions of 30 million subscribers by 2005 and $220 billion in revenue by 2015, there is still much to do to sell digital broadcasting to consumers and achieve these targets. This study examines the challenges facing China's digital broadcasting industry using the theory of controlled commodification to critique implementation strategies. Emerging from this analysis is a deeper understanding of the contested role of media in China's socialist market economy, which has had an impact on the successful adoption of digital broadcasting at a crucial stage of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When research on beyond third generation (B3G) mobile communications had just stepped into its startup period, a project called Future Technologies for a Universal Radio Environment (FuTURE) was launched in China. The goal of the project is to support theoretical research and applicable evaluation of the pro- posed technologies for B30 mobile communications. In this article the application requirements, technological challenges, and some potential solutions of B3G are discussed, and some key technologies employed in the FuTURE demonstration system are introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In future public mobile access with high data rates, one of the main challenges we face is spectral efficiency. In this article we will focus on the following new spectrally efficient downlink multiple access techniques that may be essential parts of China's Beyond 3G system development: dynamic code-division multiplexing, an adaptive multi-input multi-output technique in distributed wireless communications systems, and interleaver pattern division multi-access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TD-SCDMA, which is the "homemade" 3G standard in China, has received considerable attention and is believed to play a critical role in the development of China's mobile communication. Meanwhile, advanced MIMO and OFDM techniques shed light on the feasibility of high- performance 40 broadband systems. We discuss an evolutionary path of TD-SCDMA toward 4G systems in this article, which combines the existing advanced traits in TD-SCDMA with new features for broadband wireless communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the rise of digital communication in China. Growth of Internet in China from 1997-2001; Average time spent on the Internet by Chinese Internet users; Spatial patterns of Internet development in China; Role played by the Chinese government in the growth of Internet community in the country.

Presents a study that examined the Chinese Digital television (DTV) Service Information. Selection of Chinese character coding standard; Advertising descriptor for event information table; Improved method for NVOD service description.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are an important HIV key population in China. However, HIV testing rates among MSM remain suboptimal. Digital crowdsourced media interventions may be a useful tool to reach this marginalized population. We define digital crowdsourced media as using social media, mobile phone applications, Internet, or other digital approaches to disseminate messages developed from crowdsourcing contests. The proposed cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) study aims to assess the effectiveness of a digital crowdsourced intervention to increase HIV testing uptake and decrease risky sexual behaviors among Chinese MSM.Methods: A two-arm, cluster-randomized controlled trial will be implemented in eleven cities (ten clusters) in Shandong Province, China. Targeted study participants will be 250 MSM per arm and 50 participants per cluster. MSM who are 18 years old or above, live in the study city, have not been tested for HIV in the past 3 months, are not living with HIV or have never been tested for HIV, and are willing to provide informed consent will be enrolled. Participants will be recruited through banner advertisements on Blued, the largest gay dating app in China, and in-person at community-based organizations (CBOs). The intervention includes a series of crowdsourced intervention materials (24 images and four short videos about HIV testing and safe sexual behaviors) and HIV self-test services provided by the study team. The intervention was developed through a series of participatory crowdsourcing contests before this study. The self-test kits will be sent to the participants in the intervention group at the 2nd and 3rd follow-ups. Participants will be followed up quarterly during the 12-month period. The primary outcome will be self-reported HIV testing uptake at 12 months. Secondary outcomes will include changes in condomless sex, self-test efficacy, social network engagement, HIV testing social norms, and testing stigma.Discussion: Innovative approaches to HIV testing among marginalized population are urgently needed. Through this cluster randomized controlled trial, we will evaluate the effectiveness of a digital crowdsourced intervention, improving HIV testing uptake among MSM and providing a resource in related public health fields.Trial Registration: ChiCTR1900024350 . Registered on 6 July 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chen, Y., 2020. Construction of marine culture communication and inheritance system based on digital images. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 258–262. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. In order to solve the problems of the slow development of marine culture and waning inheritance, this article used digital imaging to build a marine culture communication and inheritance system that effectively improves the situation, which is characterized by narrow audience scope in traditional communication modes and ineffective cultural protection. On the basis of digital image technology, this paper discusses the composition of marine culture by using information communication theory and coding/decoding theory and describes the influence of digital media on marine culture by using communication and inheritance theory. The establishment of a database and interdisciplinary integration enhances public cultural awareness, to ensure that China's marine culture can be effectively protected and inherited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the activities and achievements of the 2007 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) held from March 11 to 15, 2007 in Hong Kong, China. The theme of the conference was Wireless Gateway, given Hong Kong's special position within the fast growing vibrant economies and excitement of China and Asia. Hong Kong is well known for its advances in information and communications technology. Furthermore, WCNC 2007 was a resounding success. It broke every record there was to be broken. It had an overwhelming number of paper submissions, truly exceeding all expectations.

While earlier studies have extensively evidenced the path-dependent character of technological evolution - whereby the rise of new technologies is heavily constrained by the portfolio of preexisting technologies in a certain city, surprisingly little is known about the local variations in the degree of path-dependency and the factors underlying this spatial heterogeneity. Based on a case study of transmission and digital information technology (H04L patents) in China, we perform a geographically and temporally weighted regression to unveil the local variations in regional technological path-dependency. To explain these variations, we further dissect the extent to which local actors may dislodge regional economy from path-dependent technological regimes, and the extent to which their path-breaking capabilities may diverge geographically. The model reveals that while all cities in China are subject to path-dependency in the development of H04L technology, the effect of technological relatedness is especially pronounced in the southern coastline, where industrial innovation enables a much larger impact of technological relatedness on H04L technological progress. By contrast, the technological path-dependency withers in the vicinity of eastern coastline, particularly in the Jing-Jin-Ji area, Yangtze River Delta and their western hinterlands, where university innovation exerts a relatively higher degree of path-breaking effect on H04L technology. Additionally, local governmental support is also conducive to inducing H04L technological discontinuities for latecomers by dislodging them from path-dependent technological regimes. • Unveils the local variations in regional technological path-dependency. • Embeds the perceived theoretical progress of technology space into the context of China. • Propose a new inventor-based workflow to compute technological relatedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports that Britain-based Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) chip expert Frontier Silicon has established its first overseas operation in March 2004 called Frontier Silicon (HK) Ltd. Addition of a sales and technical support operation in Shenzhen, China; Provision of technically qualified local engineers for sales and support to new and existing manufacturers of digital television and radio equipment.

The number of digital set-top boxes produced in China will grow from 12% of the worldwide market in 2002 to around 46% by 2008, making the country the world's largest production base for the increasingly important appliances. China is embarking on an aggressive conversion to digital driven by the government's desire to transmit high-definition digital images of the 2008 Beijing Olympics to the world. Chinese manufacturers tend to produce own brand set-top boxes for the domestic market. Anticipating growth from both export and domestic markets, many are in the process of expanding capacity.