20 results on '"Hennager SG"'
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2. Vaccination of Elk (Cervus canadensis) with Brucella abortus Strain RB51 Overexpressing Superoxide Dismutase and Glycosyltransferase Genes Does Not Induce Adequate Protection against Experimental Brucella abortus Challenge.
- Author
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Nol P, Olsen SC, Rhyan JC, Sriranganathan N, McCollum MP, Hennager SG, Pavuk AA, Sprino PJ, Boyle SM, Berrier RJ, and Salman MD
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild immunology, Antibodies, Bacterial, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Brucellosis immunology, Brucellosis microbiology, Deer microbiology, Female, Glycosyltransferases genetics, Superoxide Dismutase genetics, Brucella Vaccine immunology, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucellosis prevention & control, Deer immunology, Glycosyltransferases biosynthesis, Superoxide Dismutase biosynthesis, Vaccination veterinary
- Abstract
In recent years, elk (Cervus canadensis) have been implicated as the source of Brucella abortus infection for numerous cattle herds in the Greater Yellowstone Area. In the face of environmental and ecological changes on the landscape, the range of infected elk is expanding. Consequently, the development of effective disease management strategies for wild elk herds is of utmost importance, not only for the prevention of reintroduction of brucellosis to cattle, but also for the overall health of the Greater Yellowstone Area elk populations. In two studies, we evaluated the efficacy of B. abortus strain RB51 over-expressing superoxide dismutase and glycosyltransferase for protecting elk from infection and disease caused by B. abortus after experimental infection with a virulent B. abortus strain. Our data indicate that the recombinant vaccine does not protect elk against brucellosis. Further, work is needed for development of an effective brucellosis vaccine for use in elk.
- Published
- 2016
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3. Comparison of Buffered, Acidified Plate Antigen to Standard Serologic Tests for the Detection of Serum Antibodies to Brucella abortus in Elk (Cervus canadensis).
- Author
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Clarke PR, Edwards WH, Hennager SG, Block JF, Yates AM, Ebel E, Knopp DJ, Fuentes-Sanchez A, Jennings-Gaines J, Kientz RL, and Simunich M
- Subjects
- Agglutination Tests methods, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Brucellosis diagnosis, Brucellosis immunology, Deer blood, Deer immunology, Serologic Tests methods, Agglutination Tests veterinary, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucellosis veterinary, Deer microbiology, Serologic Tests veterinary
- Abstract
Brucellosis (caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus) is a zoonotic disease endemic in wild elk (Cervus canadensis) of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, US. Because livestock and humans working with elk or livestock are at risk, validated tests to detect the B. abortus antibody in elk are needed. Using the κ-statistic, we evaluated the buffered, acidified plate antigen (BAPA) assay for agreement with the results of the four serologic tests (card test [card], complement fixation test [CF], rivanol precipitation plate agglutination test [RIV], standard plate agglutination test [SPT]) that are approved by the US Department of Agriculture for the detection of the B. abortus antibody in elk. From 2006 to 2010, serum samples collected from elk within B. abortus-endemic areas (n = 604) and nonendemic areas (n = 707) and from elk culture-positive for B. abortus (n = 36) were split and blind tested by four elk serum diagnostic laboratories. κ-Values showed a high degree of agreement for the card (0.876), RIV (0.84), and CF (0.774) test pairings and moderate agreement for the SPT (0.578). Sensitivities for the BAPA, card, RIV, CF, and SPT were 0.859, 0.839, 0.899, 1.00, and 0.813, whereas specificities were 0.986, 0.993, 0.986, 0.98, and 0.968, respectively. The positive predictive values and the negative predictive values were calculated for 2.6%, 8.8%, and 16.2% prevalence levels. These findings suggest the BAPA test is a suitable screening test for the B. abortus antibodies in elk.
- Published
- 2015
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4. Immune responses of bison and efficacy after booster vaccination with Brucella abortus strain RB51.
- Author
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Olsen SC, McGill JL, Sacco RE, and Hennager SG
- Subjects
- Animal Structures microbiology, Animals, Bacterial Load, Brucella Vaccine administration & dosage, Brucellosis prevention & control, Cell Proliferation, Gene Expression Profiling, Interferon-gamma biosynthesis, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Random Allocation, Treatment Outcome, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Bison, Brucella Vaccine immunology, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucellosis veterinary, Immunization, Secondary methods, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology
- Abstract
Thirty-one bison heifers were randomly assigned to receive saline or a single vaccination with 10(10) CFU of Brucella abortus strain RB51. Some vaccinated bison were randomly selected for booster vaccination with RB51 at 11 months after the initial vaccination. Mean antibody responses to RB51 were greater (P < 0.05) in vaccinated bison after initial and booster vaccination than in nonvaccinated bison. The proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the vaccinated bison were greater (P < 0.05) than those in the nonvaccinated bison at 16 and 24 weeks after the initial vaccination but not after the booster vaccination. The relative gene expression of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was increased (P < 0.05) in the RB51-vaccinated bison at 8, 16, and 24 weeks after the initial vaccination and at 8 weeks after the booster vaccination. The vaccinated bison had greater (P < 0.05) in vitro production of IFN-γ at all sampling times, greater interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in various samplings after the initial and booster vaccinations, and greater IL-6 production at one sampling time after the booster vaccination. Between 170 and 180 days of gestation, the bison were intraconjunctivally challenged with approximately 1 × 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain 2308. The incidences of abortion and infection were greater (P < 0.05) in the nonvaccinated bison after experimental challenge than in the bison receiving either vaccination treatment. Booster-vaccinated, but not single-vaccinated bison, had a reduced (P < 0.05) incidence of infection in fetal tissues and maternal tissues compared to that in the controls. Compared to the nonvaccinated bison, both vaccination treatments lowered the colonization (measured as the CFU/g of tissue) of Brucella organisms in all tissues, except in retropharyngeal and supramammary lymph nodes. Our study suggests that RB51 booster vaccination is an effective vaccination strategy for enhancing herd immunity against brucellosis in bison., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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5. Babesia equi-induced anemia in a Quarter Horse and subsequent regulatory response.
- Author
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Beard LA, Pelzel AM, Rush BR, Wright AM, Galgut BI, Hennager SG, King AO, and Traub-Dargatz JL
- Subjects
- Anemia etiology, Anemia microbiology, Animals, Babesiosis complications, Babesiosis microbiology, Horse Diseases microbiology, Horse Diseases pathology, Horses, Male, Running, Sports, Anemia veterinary, Babesia classification, Babesiosis veterinary, Horse Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Case Description: A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding used for unsanctioned racing was examined because of fever and anorexia., Clinical Findings: Physical examination revealed fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. Results of a CBC indicated anemia and mild thrombocytopenia. Results of microscopic examination of a blood smear indicated piroplasms in erythrocytes, consistent with Babesia spp. Regulatory authorities were contacted, and results of serologic testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories confirmed acute Babesia equi infection., Treatment and Outcome: Equids on the home premises of the index horse were placed under quarantine. Those equids were tested for piroplasmosis, and 6 of 63 horses had positive results for B equi. Another horse that had previously been housed on the index premises also had positive results for B equi. Competent tick vectors for piroplasmosis organisms were not identified. All 8 horses with piroplasmosis were Quarter Horses that participated in unsanctioned racing and were trained by the same person. Two of the horses were illegally removed from the index premises; these 2 horses and the other horse with piroplasmosis that was previously housed on the index premises could not be found. The other 5 horses with piroplasmosis were euthanized. Investigators concluded that transmission of B equi among horses was most likely iatrogenic., Clinical Relevance: The United States has been considered piroplasmosis free. However, veterinarians should consider piroplasmosis in horses with signalments and clinical signs similar to those of the index horse of this report. Regulatory authorities should be contacted regarding horses in which piroplasmosis is suspected.
- Published
- 2013
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6. Outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in Florida.
- Author
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Short MA, Clark CK, Harvey JW, Wenzlow N, Hawkins IK, Allred DR, Knowles DP, Corn JL, Grause JF, Hennager SG, Kitchen DL, and Traub-Dargatz JL
- Subjects
- Animal Husbandry, Animals, Babesia isolation & purification, Babesiosis epidemiology, Babesiosis mortality, Babesiosis transmission, Female, Florida epidemiology, Horse Diseases mortality, Horse Diseases parasitology, Horse Diseases transmission, Horses, Male, Babesiosis veterinary, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Horse Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Case Description: A 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was hospitalized in Ocala, Fla, because of lethargy, fever, anorexia, and swelling of distal aspects of the limbs. A tentative diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis (EP) was made on the basis of examination of a blood smear. The case was reported to the Florida State Veterinarian, and infection with Babesia equi was confirmed. The subsequent investigation included quarantine and testing of potentially exposed horses for B equi and Babesia caballi infections, tick surveillance, and owner-agent interviews., Clinical Findings: 210 horses on 25 premises were tested for infection with EP pathogens. Twenty B equi-infected horses on 7 premises were identified; no horses tested positive for B caballi. Seven horses, including the index case, had clinical findings consistent with EP Dermacentor variabilis was considered the only potential tick vector for B equi collected, and all D variabilis specimens tested negative for Babesia organisms via PCR assay. Results of the epidemiological investigation suggested that B equi was spread by use of shared needles and possibly blood transfusions. All horses that tested positive were involved in nonsanctioned Quarter Horse racing, and management practices were thought to pose substantial risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens., Treatment and Outcome: Final outcome of B equi-infected horses was euthanasia, death from undetermined causes, or shipment to a US federal research facility., Clinical Relevance: This investigation highlights the importance of collaboration between private veterinary practitioners, state veterinary diagnostic laboratories, and regulatory officials in the recognition, containment, and eradication of foreign animal disease.
- Published
- 2012
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7. Immune responses and protection against experimental Brucella suis biovar 1 challenge in nonvaccinated or B. abortus strain RB51-vaccinated cattle.
- Author
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Olsen SC and Hennager SG
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Brucellosis prevention & control, Cattle, Cattle Diseases immunology, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Cell Proliferation, Female, Humans, Lymphocytes immunology, Mammary Glands, Animal microbiology, Pregnancy, Brucella Vaccine immunology, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucella suis immunology, Brucella suis pathogenicity, Brucellosis veterinary, Cattle Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Twenty Hereford heifers approximately 9 months of age were vaccinated with saline (control) or 2 × 10(10) CFU of the Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) vaccine. Immunologic responses after inoculation demonstrated significantly greater (P < 0.05) antibody and proliferative responses to RB51 antigens in cattle vaccinated with RB51 than in the controls. Pregnant cattle received a conjunctival challenge at approximately 6 months of gestation with 10(7) CFU of B. suis bv. 1 strains isolated from naturally infected cattle. The fluorescence polarization assay and the buffered acid plate agglutination test had the highest sensitivities in detecting B. suis-infected cattle between 2 and 12 weeks after experimental infection. Serologic responses and lymphocyte proliferative responses to B. suis antigens did not differ between control and RB51 vaccinees after experimental infection. No abortions occurred in cattle in either treatment group after challenge, although there appeared to be an increased incidence of retained placenta after parturition in both the control and the RB51 vaccination treatment groups. Our data suggest that the mammary gland is a preferred site for B. suis localization in cattle. Vaccination with RB51 did not reduce B. suis infection rates in maternal or fetal tissues. In conclusion, although B. suis is unlikely to cause abortions and fetal losses in cattle, our data suggest that RB51 vaccination will not protect cattle against B. suis infection after exposure.
- Published
- 2010
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8. Seroconversion and abortion in cattle experimentally infected with Brucella sp. isolated from a Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi).
- Author
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Rhyan JC, Gidlewski T, Ewalt DR, Hennager SG, Lambourne DM, and Olsen SC
- Subjects
- Abortion, Veterinary etiology, Animals, Brucellosis, Bovine pathology, Cattle, Female, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Serologic Tests veterinary, Abortion, Veterinary microbiology, Brucella abortus pathogenicity, Brucellosis, Bovine complications, Brucellosis, Bovine immunology, Disease Transmission, Infectious veterinary, Seals, Earless microbiology
- Abstract
Previously unrecognized Brucella species have been isolated from a number of marine mammals, including harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in the Puget Sound area of the state of Washington. Because of the presence of dairy herds in proximity to the harbor seal populations, a study was conducted to determine the effects of the harbor seal Brucella isolate in experimentally inoculated cattle. Six pregnant cattle were exposed by intravenous injection (n = 3) or intraconjunctival inoculation (n = 3). Two pregnant cows were intravenously injected with saline and served as controls. All of the cows receiving the Brucella seroconverted on 1 or more tests commonly used for the detection of Brucella abortus infection. Two of the cattle receiving the intravenous inoculation aborted, and brucellae were demonstrated in the fetuses and dams immediately following abortion. The remaining 4 Brucella-inoculated animals and their fetuses were culture negative for the organism at 14 weeks postinoculation. Results of this study indicate the marine mammal Brucella is capable of producing seroconversion and abortion in cattle but is less pathogenic in that species than B. abortus.
- Published
- 2001
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9. Prevalence of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis among beef cow-calf herds.
- Author
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Dargatz DA, Byrum BA, Hennager SG, Barber LK, Kopral CA, Wagner BA, and Wells SJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases immunology, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Paratuberculosis immunology, Paratuberculosis microbiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, United States epidemiology, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis immunology, Paratuberculosis epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection among cows on beef operations in the United States., Design: Cross-sectional seroprevalence study. Sample Population-A convenience sample of 380 herds in 21 states., Procedures: Serum samples were obtained from 10,371 cows and tested for antibodies to M avium subsp paratuberculosis with a commercial ELISA. Producers were interviewed to collect data on herd management practices., Results: 30 (7.9%) herds had 1 or more animals for which results of the ELISA were positive; 40 (0.4%) of the individual cow samples yielded positive results. None of the herd management practices studied were found to be associated with whether any animals in the herd would be positive for antibodies to M avium subsp paratuberculosis., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results suggest that the prevalence of antibodies to M avium subsp paratuberculosis among beef cows in the United States is low. Herds with seropositive animals were widely distributed geographically.
- Published
- 2001
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10. Sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test for detection of cattle persistently infected with Anaplasma marginale.
- Author
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Bradway DS, Torioni de Echaide S, Knowles DP, Hennager SG, and McElwain TF
- Subjects
- Anaplasma, Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases diagnosis, Chronic Disease, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Sensitivity and Specificity, Anaplasmosis diagnosis, Cattle Diseases microbiology, Complement Fixation Tests veterinary
- Abstract
The complement fixation (CF) test commonly is used to identify cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale prior to interstate or international movement. Estimates of the accuracy of the CF test in detecting animals persistently infected with A. marginale vary widely. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the CF test for detection of carrier animals was determined using serum from 232 cattle previously defined as A. marginale positive or negative by nested polymerase chain reaction methods and hybridization. Considering results from 2 independent laboratories and interpreting a 1:5 suspect reaction as positive, the best estimate of CF test sensitivity was 20%, with a specificity of 98%. Using a 1:10 cutoff, sensitivity decreased to 14% and specificity increased to 99%. Results of this study indicate that the CF test is ineffective for identifying cattle persistently infected with A. marginale and thus is inadequate for anaplasmosis regulatory and surveillance programs.
- Published
- 2001
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11. Detection of equine antibodies to babesia caballi by recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 in a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
- Author
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Kappmeyer LS, Perryman LE, Hines SA, Baszler TV, Katz JB, Hennager SG, and Knowles DP
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Babesia genetics, Babesiosis diagnosis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epitopes analysis, Horses, Molecular Sequence Data, Protozoan Proteins chemistry, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Babesia immunology, Babesiosis immunology, Protozoan Proteins immunology
- Abstract
A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed for detection of equine antibodies specific for Babesia caballi. The assay used recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) and monoclonal antibody (MAb) 79/17.18.5, which is reactive with a peptide epitope of a native 60-kDa B. caballi antigen. The gene encoding the recombinant antigen was sequenced, and database analysis revealed that the gene product is a rhoptry-associated protein. Cloning and expression of a truncated copy of the gene demonstrated that MAb 79/17.18.5 reacts with the C-terminal repeat region of the protein. The cELISA was used to evaluate 302 equine serum samples previously tested for antibodies to B. caballi by a standardized complement fixation test (CFT). The results of cELISA and CFT were 73% concordant. Seventy-two of the 77 serum samples with discordant results were CFT negative and cELISA positive. Further evaluation of the serum samples with discordant results by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) demonstrated that at a serum dilution of 1:200, 48 of the CFT-negative and cELISA-positive serum samples contained antibodies reactive with B. caballi RAP-1. Four of five CFT-positive and cELISA-negative serum samples contained antibodies reactive with B. caballi when they were tested by IFA. These data indicate that following infection with B. caballi, horses consistently produce antibody to the RAP-1 epitope defined by MAb 79/17.18.5, and when used in the cELISA format, recombinant RAP-1 is a useful antigen for the serologic detection of anti-B. caballi antibodies.
- Published
- 1999
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12. Serodiagnosis of equine piroplasmosis, dourine, and glanders using an arrayed immunoblotting method.
- Author
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Katz JB, Chieves LP, Hennager SG, Nicholson JM, Fisher TA, and Byers PE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Protozoan analysis, Babesiosis immunology, Dourine immunology, Glanders immunology, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Horse Diseases immunology, Horses, Serologic Tests methods, Babesiosis diagnosis, Dourine diagnosis, Glanders diagnosis, Horse Diseases parasitology, Immunoblotting methods
- Published
- 1999
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13. Evaluation of North American antibody detection tests for diagnosis of brucellosis in goats.
- Author
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Mikolon AB, Gardner IA, Hietala SK, Hernandez de Anda J, Chamizo Pestaña E, Hennager SG, and Edmondson AJ
- Subjects
- Agglutination Tests veterinary, Animals, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Brucellosis diagnosis, Brucellosis microbiology, Complement Fixation Tests veterinary, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay veterinary, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Goat Diseases microbiology, Goats, Male, Milk microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, United States, United States Department of Agriculture, Antibodies, Bacterial analysis, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucella abortus isolation & purification, Brucella melitensis immunology, Brucella melitensis isolation & purification, Brucellosis veterinary, Goat Diseases diagnosis, Serologic Tests veterinary
- Abstract
The sensitivities and specificities of 17 antibody detection tests for brucellosis in goats were estimated. Tests evaluated included the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) card test with 8% cell concentration (8%Card), USDA rapid automated presumptive test (RAP), Mexican rose bengal plate tests with 8 and 3% cell concentrations (8%RB and 3%RB), French rose bengal plate test with 4.5% cell concentration (4.5%RB), USDA standard plate test (SPT), USDA buffered acidified plate agglutination test (BAPA), USDA and Mexican rivanol tests (URIV and MRIV), USDA standard tube tests with Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antigens (SATA and SATM), serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), USDA cold-fixation complement fixation tests with B. abortus and B. melitensis antigens (CFA and CFM), USDA and Mexican milk ring tests (UBRT and MBRT), and a milk ELISA. Test sensitivity was evaluated by using two groups of 10 goats experimentally infected with B. melitensis or B. abortus and monitored for 24 weeks. Specificity was evaluated by using 200 brucellosis-free nonvaccinated goats from 10 California herds. The 3%RB was considered a good screening test because of high sensitivity at week 24 postinfection (90%), ease of performance, and low cost. The cold-fixation CFA and CFM had 100% specificity in the field study and were considered appropriate confirmatory tests. The milk ELISA was significantly more sensitive (P < 0.05) than the UBRT and significantly more specific (P < 0.05) than the MBRT. The milk ELISA also had the advantage of objectivity and ease of interpretation.
- Published
- 1998
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14. Seminal vesiculitis and orchitis caused by Brucella abortus biovar 1 in young bison bulls from South Dakota.
- Author
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Rhyan JC, Holland SD, Gidlewski T, Saari DA, Jensen AE, Ewalt DR, Hennager SG, Olsen SC, and Cheville NF
- Subjects
- Abscess microbiology, Abscess pathology, Abscess veterinary, Animals, Antigens, Bacterial analysis, Brucellosis complications, Brucellosis pathology, Genital Diseases, Male microbiology, Genital Diseases, Male pathology, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Macrophages microbiology, Macrophages pathology, Macrophages ultrastructure, Male, Orchitis microbiology, Orchitis pathology, Seminal Vesicles microbiology, South Dakota, Testis microbiology, Testis pathology, Bison, Brucella abortus isolation & purification, Brucellosis veterinary, Genital Diseases, Male veterinary, Orchitis veterinary, Seminal Vesicles pathology
- Abstract
Specimens of blood, lymph nodes, spleens, and genitalia were collected at slaughter from seven 3- and 4-year-old male bison that had recently become seropositive for brucellosis. The animals were from a captive herd of approximately 3,500 bison located in central South Dakota. Brucella abortus biovar 1 was isolated from 2 or more specimens from each of 6 bison. Severe necrotizing and pyogranulomatous orchitis was present in 1 testicle from 1 bull, and 4 animals had mild to marked seminal vesiculitis. Immunohistochemical staining labeled organisms in seminal vesicles and the testicle with orchitis. Ultrastructurally, intact bacilli were present in cytoplasmic vacuoles of some macrophages; other macrophages contained intracytoplasmic aggregates of calcified coccobacilli.
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- 1997
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15. Serologic responses of Brucella abortus strain 19 calfhood-vaccinated cattle following adult vaccination with strain RB51.
- Author
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Olsen SC, Evans D, Hennager SG, Cheville NF, and Stevens MG
- Subjects
- Animals, Brucellosis, Bovine diagnosis, Cattle, Time Factors, Vaccination veterinary, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Bacterial Vaccines, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucellosis, Bovine immunology
- Abstract
This study was designed to determine if Brucella abortus strain RB51, which expresses small amounts of the lipopolysaccharide O side chain, would cause positive responses on brucellosis serologic surveillance tests when given to adult cattle that were vaccinated as calves with B. abortus strain 19. Cattle vaccinated as adults with strain RB51 that had been vaccinated as calves with strain 19 (n = 40) had significantly greater antibody titers (P < 0.05) against strain RB51 at 4 and 8 weeks postvaccination in the dot blot assay than did animals (n = 10) not vaccinated with strain RB51. When evaluated using the card or buffered acid plate agglutination presumptive tests, 7 strain RB51 vaccinates tested positive at either 4 or 8 weeks following vaccination as compared with 4 cattle in the control group that were not vaccinated with strain RB51. One strain RB51 vaccinate was scored as suspect on the standard tube agglutination (STA) test at 8 weeks following vaccination. Remaining samples from strain RB51 vaccinates tested negative on the STA, complement fixation (CF), rivanol, and particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) confirmatory tests. Samples from 2 control cattle were PCFIA positive at time 0; 1 of these animals was CF positive throughout the study. This study suggests that use of strain RB51 in cattle vaccinated with strain 19 as calves will not cause positive responses on confirmatory tests and will not impair brucellosis serologic surveillance efforts.
- Published
- 1996
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16. Cattle serologically positive for Brucella abortus have antibodies to B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase.
- Author
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Tabatabai LB and Hennager SG
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibody Specificity, Brucella abortus enzymology, Cattle, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunoglobulin G blood, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Brucella abortus immunology, Superoxide Dismutase immunology
- Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated by a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay that cattle that are serologically positive for Brucella abortus have serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The specificity of the antibody reactivity was confirmed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with B. abortus salt-extractable proteins containing native Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and with recombinant B. abortus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. The results represent a first step in the direction of the development of a multiprotein diagnostic reagent for bovine brucellosis.
- Published
- 1994
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17. Serologic responses in diagnostic tests for brucellosis in cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus 19 or RB51.
- Author
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Stevens MG, Hennager SG, Olsen SC, and Cheville NF
- Subjects
- Agglutination Tests veterinary, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial analysis, Antigens, Bacterial, Brucella abortus classification, Brucellosis, Bovine diagnosis, Brucellosis, Bovine prevention & control, Cattle, Complement Fixation Tests veterinary, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique veterinary, Serologic Tests methods, Vaccination veterinary, Antibodies, Bacterial biosynthesis, Brucella abortus immunology, Brucellosis, Bovine immunology
- Abstract
Serologic responses in the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay and the card, complement fixation, and tube agglutination tests were measured for 10 weeks after vaccination of cattle with either Brucella abortus 19 or the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen-deficient mutant, strain RB51. The responses of strain 19-vaccinated cattle were positive, whereas those of strain RB51-vaccinated cattle were negative, in all of the tests. These results indicate that cattle vaccinated with strain RB51 fail to produce antibodies that can be detected by conventional serologic tests that are used to diagnose bovine brucellosis.
- Published
- 1994
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18. Reproducibility of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for bovine paratuberculosis among eight laboratories.
- Author
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Collins MT, Angulo A, Buergelt CD, Hennager SG, Hietala SK, Jacobson RH, Whipple DL, and Whitlock RH
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Cattle, Laboratories standards, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis immunology, Paratuberculosis blood, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Paratuberculosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Interlaboratory reproducibility of an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for detection of bovine serum antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated. A panel of 30 bovine sera (15 positives and 15 negatives) was tested in triplicate microtiter wells on each of 2 days at 8 different laboratories. One laboratory had invalid results because of positive or negative serum control optical density (OD) readings beyond the acceptable range specified by the kit. The coefficient of variation (CV) for mean OD values was influenced by low ODs on test negative sera at 2 laboratories, thus the CVs on positive sera were considered a more representative measure of kit reproducibility. Between-well CVs averaged 6.7% +/- 2.8% (mean +/- standard deviation), and between-day CVs averaged 14.5% +/- 9.8% among the 7 laboratories with valid assays on the 15 positive sera. The OD values were converted to positive or negative classifications for each assay well, and the results were compared. Among 1,392 assays in 7 laboratories, 98.6% were in agreement. Eleven of 18 discrepant results were due to a sample that consistently gave OD values near the cutoff for a positive test. Exclusion of that serum from the analysis resulted in a 99.8% rate of agreement among laboratories. Results indicated that the absorbed ELISA kit provided reproducible results within and between laboratories.
- Published
- 1993
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19. Antibody to a recombinant merozoite protein epitope identifies horses infected with Babesia equi.
- Author
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Knowles DP Jr, Kappmeyer LS, Stiller D, Hennager SG, and Perryman LE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Protozoan, Babesiosis immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Epitopes, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Horses, Protozoan Proteins immunology, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Time Factors, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Babesia immunology, Babesiosis diagnosis, Horse Diseases immunology
- Abstract
Horses infected with Babesia equi were previously identified by the presence of antibodies reactive with a merozoite surface protein epitope (D. P. Knowles, Jr., L. E. Perryman, L. S. Kappmeyer, and S. G. Hennager. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2056-2058, 1991). The antibodies were detected in a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI ELISA) by using monoclonal antibody 36/133.97, which defines a protein epitope on the merozoite surface. The gene encoding this B. equi merozoite epitope was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant merozoite protein, designated equi merozoite antigen 1 (EMA-1), was evaluated in the CI ELISA. Recombinant EMA-1 bound antibody from the sera of B. equi-infected horses from 18 countries. The antibody response to EMA-1 was then measured in horses experimentally infected with B. equi via transmission by the tick vector Boophilus microplus or by intravenous inoculation. Anti-EMA-1 antibody was detected 7 weeks post-tick exposure and remained, without reexposure to B. equi, for the 33 weeks of the evaluation period. The data indicate that recombinant EMA-1 can be used in the CI ELISA to detect horses infected with B. equi.
- Published
- 1992
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20. Detection of equine antibody to Babesia equi merozoite proteins by a monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
- Author
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Knowles DP Jr, Perryman LE, Kappmeyer LS, and Hennager SG
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Babesiosis diagnosis, Babesiosis immunology, Binding, Competitive, Complement Fixation Tests, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Horse Diseases immunology, Horses, Protozoan Proteins immunology, Antibodies, Protozoan analysis, Babesia immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods
- Abstract
A competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI ELISA) was developed to detect antibody to Babesia equi. One hundred fifty-four equine serum samples from 19 countries were tested for antibody to B. equi by the complement fixation test and by CI ELISA. The CI ELISA and complement fixation test results agreed in 94% (144) of the serum samples tested. The 10 discrepant serum samples were retested and analyzed for ability to immunoprecipitate in vitro translation products from B. equi merozoite mRNA. Five discrepant results were clearly resolved in favor of the CI ELISA, and the remaining five discrepancies were not definitively resolved.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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