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Pulp and paper mills generate varieties of pollutants depending upon type of the pulping process being used. This paper presents the characteristics of wastewater from South India Paper Mill, Karnataka, India which is using recycled waste paper as a raw material. The raw wastewater consists of 80-90 mg L suspended solid and 1,010-1,015 mg L dissolved solid. However, pH varied from 5.5-6.8. The biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand ranged from 200-210 and 1,120-1,160 mg L, respectively. Aerobic treatment of raw effluent attribute to significant reduction in suspended solid (range between 25 to 30 mg L) and total dissolved solid (range between 360 to 390 mg L). However, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity were found superior after treatment. Copper, cadmium, iron, lead, nickel, and zinc were found in less quantity in raw effluent and were almost completely removed after treatment. The dendrogram of the effluent quality parameters clearly indicate that South India Paper Mill does not meet Minimal National Standard set by central Pollution Control Board to discharge in agricultural field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has surpassed China as the world's third largest importer of crude oil, surpassing it in mid-2020, and imports more than 84% of its oil requirements. India, as one of the world's largest and fastest-growing energy importers, has relied significantly on crude oil for both energy production and consumption. Historically, rising fuel costs and rising demand for gasoline have been difficult for the general people. This explores activities to discover the sources and effects of escalating charges these days, which are harming the entire financial system, and to provide ways to deal with this externality. This paper attempts to find out the assertive analysis of the effect on fuel price rising in consumption Belagavi city of Karnataka state. The data for the study is collected through Questionnaire with 154 sample sizes of Belagavi people and SPSS is used for analysing the collected data. Finally this research paper which helps to analyse the impact on Rising Fuel Price in Belagavi City proves so and it gives the further researcher to analyse or study over comparison of fuel prices and electrical Vehicles or even public transport system. The analysis found that the increasing fuel price would have a devastating impact on the transportation sector. The government should preserve those sectors which exposed the largest impact from the increasing of the fuel price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total solar eclipses occur nearly every 18 months at some place on the Earth but for any given location, it is a rarest of the rare events. In our quest for the records of solar eclipses in Indian inscriptions, chronicles and literature since Antiquity until the close of the nineteenth century, we have come across only very few references where the eclipse is stated as total. In this paper we focus on one such reference, the so-called Kurtakoti Plates from Karnataka, where there is a Grant made on the occasion of a total eclipse of the Sun. The Grant was attributed to the seventh century Chalukyan king Vikramaditya I. Being a copper plate Grant, doubts were raised over its genuineness. The Kurtakoti copper plates may be a later reproduction of the original plates, which may have been damaged or lost. We find that there indeed was a total solar eclipse over Kurtakoti, on 21 April 627 CE, that can fit the Grant. However, it occurred in the times of the King's father, the great Chalukyan King Pulikesi II with whom the details as given in the Grant are more consistent. This eclipse is an independent corroboration of his date of ascension being 610-611 CE. There is no known Indian historical record mentioning an eclipse of the Sun as total but datable still earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are innumerable records on stone and metal found in India detailing grants of land and donations made by kings and chieftains to Brahman priests, many on the occasions of eclipses and on the cardinal days. In this paper we investigate one such grant, first written about by Henry Colebrooke in 1809. It is from Gauj, the modern Gowthamapura in Shivamogga district in Karnataka state. Spread over three copper plates, the inscription is in mixed Sanskrit and Kannada and records a charitable grant of several villages made to thirty-two thousand Brahmans on the occasion of a sarpa yagna (snake-sacrifice) and a solar eclipse by Janaméjaya, the Puranic monarch who reigned over Hastinapur at the commencement of Kaliyuga. The eclipse was in the lunar month of Chaitra, on a Sunday, in Asvini naksatra. The grant further specified the circumstances such as Vyatipata (pata – aspect), and that on the following day the naksatra was Bharani and the karana (the half-tithi) was Kimstughna. These specifications make it the rarest of the rare eclipses. However, there is no eclipse mentioned in Janaméjaya legends, so was the eclipse in the grant genuine or an invented one? There were attempts made in the 1860s to identify the eclipse and possibly date the grant, but the identifications are not valid. In this paper we examine all such eclipses that occurred between 601 and 1699 CE and were visible from India. There are six such eclipses, in 712, 739, 851, 1027, 1372 and 1548 CE. Of these, we find the eclipse of 1027 CE as historically the most suitable one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 56 groundwater samples were taken from diverse sources in Bangalore Urban district during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons to measure the uranium concentration and its correlation with different water-quality parameters. The uranium concentration varied from 0.94-98.79 µg/L during the pre-monsoon season and from 1.38-96.52 µg/L during the post-monsoon season. Except for a few readings, all were within the safe limit of 60 µg/L as prescribed by India's Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). Owing to its slightly higher concentration, a study on the radiological and chemical risks that are caused due to the ingestion of uranium was assessed. Based on the radiological aspect, cancer mortality and its risks were assessed, wherein all of the samples were well within the acceptable limit of 10-4; therefore, consuming these water samples was radiologically safe. However, when the risk that was caused by chemical toxicity was assessed, a few samples exceeded the hazard quotient (HQ) value of more than 1, thus illustrating that individuals were vulnerable to chemical risk. This paper features assessments of uranium and its risks to public health in groundwater samples if it exceeded the safe limit. Additionally, it recognizes the value of periodically assessing and treating the area's drinking water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to assess the growth of research publications and citations of engineering colleges affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi based on Scopus database. It is attempted to analyze parameters like the growth of research output among rural and city colleges i.e. geographical distribution of publications, pattern of research communication, share of national and international collaboration across Karnataka and high productivity institutions and top highly published journals and cited papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper intends to discuss the theoretical aspects of panchayat raj system in India in general and the growth of panchayat raj systems in Karnataka in particular. It also focuses on the provisions for weaker sections in 73rd Amendment Act, and in subsequent panchayat raj Acts passed in Karnataka. It analyses the status of weaker sections in Chickballapur District’s panchayat raj institutions. The objective of this paper is to discuss the status of representatives of weaker sections. In order to assess the effective functioning of weaker section’s representatives in panchayat raj institutions after 1993 Act of Karnataka, the case study and analytical methods have been employed in this study. In the study the collected sample is 200 in total, covering of three types of panchayat raj institutions. The caste wise distribution of sample included, 80 belonging to SC, 45 from ST and 75 from OBC. Based on the information collected from the field the findings have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The education system in India is fast developing; educational institutes and various government departments conduct different types of exams in India to select the ideal candidates. Millions of students attend these exams every year to get jobs. The aspirants are required to use essential information resources to prepare for competitive examinations. In recent years, public libraries have become the primary source of resources for students, job seekers, and the general public. As a result, the current study examines the use of public libraries in the preparation for competitive examinations through a comprehensive evaluation of academic research papers. This research article also emphasizes how Competitive Examination resources are used in public libraries. The main purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the use of public libraries in preparation for competitive exams. However, this manuscript provides a good understanding for new researchers who wish to conduct research in this field and facilitates effective data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The fundamental principles of healthcare practices and policies are derived from good quality research. Doctors collectively are a source of vast sums of invaluable information. This information if effectively utilized can improve and strengthen the healthcare system. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the ecosystem of an Indian medical researcher. Objectives: To understand (1) the obstacles faced by medical professionals (2) the challenges encountered at various steps (3) the gaps in research knowledge and (4) the means to rectify them. Method: Doctors from medical schools, hospitals, and in private practices were approached. Data were collected through online and physical questionnaire. Data were analyzed and studied. Results: The total number of participants in this study is 212. Case reports (51.9%) and case-control studies (51.14%) are the most frequently conducted types of research. Lack of access to research journals (43.9%) and absence of proper guidance or mentorship (37.39%) are the commonly faced challenges among individuals who have pursued research, whereas busy schedule is the top-cited reason for not pursuing research (34.24%) and discontinuing research (57.4%). Coordinating time schedule with mentees is a challenge for mentors (49.2%). Doctors also face the greatest difficulty (48.12%) and delay (47.4%) in the publication process. On the other hand, personal interest (60.15%) and job requirement (46.61%) are the top facilitators for research. A small percentage has or knows someone that has plagiarized (21.32%) or falsified data (33.49%). Most of the doctors agree that research experience should be a mandatory part of undergrad training (81.6%). Conclusion: We believe interest, impact and importance of research can be the best developed and emphasized in the training years. Institutional support, adequate mentorship and an uplifting research environment can go a long way in motivating the doctors and tackling the challenges they face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the demand of the growing population, there exists pressure on food production. In this context, appropriate prediction of crop yield helps in agricultural production planning. Given the inability of the traditional linear models to provide satisfactory prediction performance, there is a need to develop a crop yield prediction model that is simple in complexity, accurate in prediction, and less time-consuming during training and validation phases. Keeping these objectives in view, the present paper focuses on building an adaptive, low complexity, and accurate nonlinear model for the prediction of crop yield. A time series dataset for the period 1991–2012 of Karnataka, a southwestern state of India, is used for yield prediction. An empirical nonlinear relation between crop yield and the four independent attributes has been obtained from the proposed ANN model. The independent attributes employed are total rainfall, the cumulative distribution of temperature, the proportion of irrigated land, and the average amount of fertilizer used. It is demonstrated that the developed model exhibits better prediction accuracy, less root mean square error in the range of 0.07–0.14, less mean square error in the range of 0.01–0.04, and mean absolute error in the range of 0.07–0.15 compared to its corresponding linear regression model. It is recommended that the proposed ANN model can also be applied to predict other agricultural products of the same or other geographical regions of the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bidri handicraft in India, patronised by Bahamani kings, dates back to the fifteenth century and is nowadays under operational and socio-economic threats. The craft is made of zinc alloy, which poses scientific challenges in the areas of metallurgy, metal oxidation, and surface science. In the present paper, the art, owing to its scientific enigma, is under scrutiny, wherein the handicraft mandates the use of Bidar Fort (in Karnataka, India) clay, which bestows the handicraft its characteristic matt-black patina. The fort is a heritage conservation site and thus poses a threat to the perennial practice of handicraft. Therefore, it is imperative to document the patina and fort clay. Thus, morphological and chemical characterization of Bidri artefact surfaces was accomplished using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF); besides, elemental characterization of Bidar fort clay was accomplished using SEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). This study is significant, as it is one of the initial works to scientifically document Bidri handicraft surface and clay, besides laying the foundation for future studies; a step to conserve the handicraft; and a step to prevent the deterioration of the Bidar fort monument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of data analytics on large-scale government administrative data — that belong to various domains like education, transport, energy, and health — can be enhanced by retrieving pertinent documents from diverse data sources. Without a supporting framework of metadata, big data analytics can be daunting. Even though statistical algorithms can perform extensive analyses on a variety of data with little help from metadata, applying these techniques to heterogeneous data may not always result in reliable findings. Recently, semantics-aware (or semantic search) search techniques received much attention as they utilize implicit knowledge to enhance the search. Similarly, traditional search engines rely on the inherent linkages within the underlying data model to improve their search quality. In the case of general-purpose information retrieval systems, to gather information from the internet (open access data) or to access open government administrative data, a domain agnostic ontology shall be employed to supply background knowledge. This paper draws on research undertaken by the authors at IIIT Bangalore Center for Open Data Research (CODR) in developing a semantics-aware data lake framework to host and analyze government administrative data. In this study, we present an ontology-based document retrieval solution where an ontology serves as an intermediary to close the gap between what the user seeks and what the search retrieves. Although our study settings are based on the Government of Karnataka (GoK, India), we believe the findings have wider resonance. Our experimental results based on agricultural data from the GoK look promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the four specific dimensions, namely financial support, Government support, personal traits factors contributing to success, and challenges faced by rural women entrepreneurship. The focus was on the SME sector in Bengaluru, rural India. This paper uses a quantitative research methodology with a structured questionnaire. Data were collected using the face-face interview to study the fifty respondents of rural women entrepreneurs. The study highlights that Financial support, Government support, and personal traits play a significant role in encouraging rural women to engage in entrepreneurial activities and influence decisions. Each factor being interrelated, achieving the integration among them will considerably enhance entrepreneurial success. The main limitation is the narrow scope, emphasizing only four factors and their interrelations. There are implications for further work on other types of capital. The study being SMEs specific limits generalization. It contributes insights into the need for MSMEs examinations in the review of the literature. Rural women's entrepreneurship needs align with understanding government and institutional financial supporting factors and their interrelations. The role of Government and other institutions varies between prior and non-prior entrepreneurial experience. This study provides information on the role of Government and institutional financial support factors on rural women entrepreneurship. It contributes to a better understanding of how each variable is accumulated and utilized in rural women entrepreneurship development using SMEs' perspective in Bengaluru Rural, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nation's all over development and growth can be attained when women is treated equivalent to men in the progress of an economy. Rural poverty is the main drawback for women empowerment in rural area. Empowering women by providing financial assistance, awareness about self-employment and independence in making decision can alleviate rural poverty. For attaining women empowerment in rural areas Government and NGO's have taken initiation by forming Self-help groups since, from last four decades. The paper discusses about the schemes available in Government under the SHG's for promoting women empowerment. Secondary source was used in the study to know the performance of SHG's in Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is home to many different cultures, traditions and customs articulated and represented by different ethnic groups, communities and castes. The cultures have emerged in India through the development of indigenous civilizations and the arrival of different cultural groups from different parts of the world at different times. Kapala is a distinct community living in Kodagu district in the state of Karnataka. They look like the mixed descendants of the Ethiopian Siddis (Siddhis) of the South African continent. Kunhi Boltu is a folk deity and immortal personality of the community who has attained god-like status. The Kapalas worshipped their ancestors and respected the forces of nature that governed their lives. The aim of the ethnographic study is to get to know the Kapala community and their way of life, beliefs and practises. To learn more about the Kapala society and their culture, anthropological research tools and techniques such as holistic, ethnographic, comparative and historical methods were used. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were used in the study. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. The primary data required for the study was collected in the field while the secondary data was obtained from the existing literature on the Kapala community. The research paper is organised as follows: The first part deals with detailed information about the Kapala community. The second part deals with the Kapala society and their way of life, beliefs and practises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most paddy plant diseases, the leaf is the primary source of information for image-based disease identification and classification. Image segmentation is an important step in the plant disease analysis process. It is used to separate the normal part of the leaf from the disease-affected part of the leaf. In this paper diseases like Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), Brown spot (BS), and Leaf smut (LS) are segmented using existing, K-means clustering, the Otsu thresholding method. Color space-based segmentation is newly proposed for paddy disease analysis. The intelligence of segmentation techniques is evaluated using the Error Rate (ER) and Overlap Rate (OR) across the three paddy diseases namely, BLB, BS, and LS. The results were compared among the Otsu, K-means and color thresholding segmentation techniques. The results revealed that the color thresholding method using the Lab model emerged as a novel segmentation method for all three paddy diseases with an average ER and OR of [0.36, 0.95]. The proposed work is carried out in the Department of Electronics and Communication research center at Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka during the period from August 2022 to February 2023 with the expert suggestions of the plant pathologist, from the University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, Karnataka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is based on the bibliometric analysis of 161 articles published in 09 volumes (24-32) of 18 issues of Indian Journal of Agricultural Library and Information Services (IJALIS) for the period of nine years (2008-2016). This article brings out the results of a bibliometric study carried on all the issues of the source journal (IJALIS) on various parameters such as authorship pattern, gender wise distribution of papers, length of papers, average number of references, volume & issue wise average papers, geographical distribution of articles, range of reference cited and most prolific authors of the journal. The study finds that on an average, 18 research articles were published per volume in a year during the period of study, whereas, maximum number (39.75%) of articles was two authored followed by single authored (32.36%). Karnataka begged the top rank among all the 20 contributed states of India from where maximum number of contribution in the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, the agriculture is main profession for more than sixty percent of the population. The stakeholders of agriculture in India, facing plenty of problems that leads the people of the country to shift their profession and lets them migrate towards urban area. So, need of implementing technology in agriculture is must in future days because as population is increasing in exponential form as the result huge requirement of food and agricultural product. The data analytics will play a significant role in agricultural dataset for implementing prediction and recommendation system in the sector. Yield is one of the factors to be considered in the agriculture that determines the wellness and prosperity of the farmer. In this paper deals with prediction system to predict yield of areca nut product in Puttur taluk, Dakshin Kannda District, Karnataka state in India. The time series data analytics model known as Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is used for yield prediction system. The research is mainly focused on forecasting of areca nut production for next four or five years in Puttur taluk. It compares various ARIMA models with performance criteria and selects best model for prediction purpose. The diagnostic check is carried out to test the system performance After the prediction, then the actual values and predicted values are compared and presented in the form graphical representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments across the developing world are adopting digital technologies to improve the performance of public sector supply chains. However, empirical evidence regarding the impact of these technologies on performance is mixed. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of using biometric authentication (BA) devices on the performance of India's food security program. The program aims to deliver subsidized food grains to nearly 160 million low-income households through approximately 500,000 fair price shops (FPSs). Nearly half of those grains do not reach the beneficiaries and are diverted to the open market for private benefit. We estimate the impact of installing BA devices on reducing diversion in more than 3,300 FPSs in the Indian state of Karnataka between 2013 and 2015 using a difference-in-differences approach. We find that BA devices reduce up to 4% of the current diversion at the last mile. We argue that this relatively low impact is due to the presence of a workaround mechanism which results in imperfect monitoring and validate the decrease in diversion mechanism by estimating the differential impact of BA devices. We complement the empirical analysis with a simulation exercise to estimate the additional value that can be unlocked by using the BA devices. We find that the value of better replenishment planning using sales and inventory information captured by BA devices can be significant. The value of better planning can be as high as six times the value of reduction in diversion, depending on the preintervention levels of demand from genuine beneficiaries and diversion at the FPSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushrooms are fungi that play significant roles in ecosystems, food, and medicine. However, distinguishing toxic mushrooms from non-toxic ones is challenging, as their visual characteristics can be misleading. Deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, offers a promising approach to detecting and classifying mushrooms based on their toxicity. By training deep neural networks on datasets of labelled mushroom images, it becomes possible to create models capable of accurately differentiating between toxic and non-toxic mushrooms. Mushrooms are fungi that play significant roles in ecosystems, food, and medicine. However, manually distinguishing toxic mushrooms from non-toxic ones is a challenging and time-consuming task. This research work is to help the local farmers and exporters to identify the difference between the toxic and the edible mushroom which will eventually boost production and will directly have an impact on the economic growth in India. This paper compared different deep learning algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Resnet50, YOLO V5 and Alexnet, which have been found to be the most useful in classifying the mushrooms effectively as toxic and non-toxic respectively. The patterns in the images of the mushrooms have been predicted through the above classifiers. The validation techniques show SVM to be the most effective with an accuracy of 83%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Even though Mortality and Morbidity meetings (M&Ms) are incorporated into postgraduate training programs for imparting the attributes of self-appraisal, audit and quality control, they are not uniformly structured across institutes. This study describes the pattern of conducting M&M at a Medical College in North Karnataka in the context of the perceptions of faculty and residents of our medical college and proposes recommendations. Aim: To generate recommendations for conducting structured M&Ms meetings derived from the perceptions of faculty and residents, and prior feasibility experience at a medical college hospital. Materials and Methods: The present mixed method study was conducted in the Department of General medicine, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India, in the month of July 2022. The perceptions of faculty and residents of medicine were obtained by a paper survey. The results of the survey were compiled and analysed by the one of the authors. The responses were matched with the records of M&Ms as conducted in the Department of General Medicine from November 2017 to May 2019. The cases were thematically analysed as deviation from standard protocols of care, multidisciplinary consults, iatrogenic cause of death, unresolved diagnosis and system failure by other authors. Any recommendations recorded were noted. The attendance for such meetings were measured as a surrogate of importance attached. Data was entered in the Microsoft Excel spread sheet. Descriptive statistics were calculated by frequency and proportions for qualitative variables. Results: A total number of 150 participants (65 were faculty including senior residents and the remaining 85 were postgraduate residents) completed the survey. The participants of the survey preferred the presentation by 3rd year residents and junior faculty. While selecting the cases for M&Ms, they preferred systematic selection turn-wise. The participants of the survey considered that while analysing M&M cases; conflicts in multidisciplinary consults, iatrogenic cause of death, human error and deviation from standard protocols of care should be emphasised. During November 2017 to May 2019, a total of 38 M&Ms were held (19 mortality and 19 morbidity meetings). The criterion for mortality case selection was subjective. Five cases were presented during each meeting. Predominant case presentations included interdepartmental transfer issues and procedural lapses. The Department of General Medicine had 30 postgraduate residents and 25 faculty members. The average attendance of residents and faculty was 90% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion: Regularly conducted M&M in a medical college hospital are important in training medical students for audit of medical errors, quality control and appraisal in a safe environment. Prospective selection of cases by recognising potential incidents; and evidence based, structured, uniform conduct of M&Ms by participation of teams involved in healthcare can reduce errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Green Revolution" (GR) technology-induced agricultural intensification has transformed India from food scarcity to a food surplus country. However, this has also resulted into several adverse repercussions. Increased application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with stagnating/declining crop productivity has dovetailed with uncertain market conditions and climate change effects which has resulted in un-remunerative agriculture. Consequently, farmers have fallen into the debt trap due to the rising cost of crop production apart from health hazards due to serious exposure to harmful chemical pesticides. Natural Farming (NF), an agro-ecological approach to farming is believed to be an effective way to counter some of these challenges. The present paper presents field-level farmers' experiences of NF adoption in three states of India—Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Maharashtra. The study was conducted during February–March 2019 by surveying 295 NF adopted and 170 non-NF adopted farmers. It was found that NF practice has been followed by some farmers for more than 10 years but others have adopted during the recent past. There is variation in the practice followed by the NF farmers. There are farmers who are using Farm Yard Manure (FYM). A solid form of jeevamritha (liquid concoction of microbial inoculants) called as ghanajeevamritha was also found to be used by farmers in Andhra Pradesh. It was observed that non-NF yields are superior to NF yield without FYM. In most crops, however, NF with FYM had a greater yield than NF without FYM and non-NF farms. There has been a decrease in the variable cost and a marginal increase in the market price of NF produce. The study suggests that natural farming may be seen as one of the alternative practices which has potential to rejuvenate the agro-ecosystem, besides cost saving for the individual farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically examined the impact of employee job satisfaction on organizational performance in large and medium scale manufacturing industries. It notes that Employee job satisfaction is vital for improved organizational performances. The paper tells that an employee with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes towards his job. On the contrary, an employee who is dissatisfied with his job holds negative attitudes about the job. It also noted that improved organizational performances result from committed workforces who are satisfied with their work facets in the organizations. The usually judgment about employees is that "A satisfied worker is a productive worker". If employees are satisfied then it will create a pleasant atmosphere within the organization to perform in a better and efficient manner, therefore, job satisfaction and its relation with organizational performance has become a major topic for research studies. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of employees job satisfaction on organizational performance among the employees working in manufacturing sector in Karnataka and also to explore the link between job satisfaction and organizational performance and to determine if there is an empirically provable relationship between these two variables, and the direction and the intensity of this relationship. Empirical research was conducted on a research sample of ten companies consists of large and medium scale industries, with 155 employees surveyed. The results of this study show the existence of a clear link between employees' job satisfaction and organizational performance in both directions, but with pretty weak intensity. Detailed analysis showed that the connection between job satisfaction and organizational performance is stronger than the connection between organizational performance and job satisfaction. From the detailed analysis showed that there is a strong positive relationship between employee job satisfaction and organizational performance. At the same time, analysis showed that "remuneration" and "promotion" are the two crucial factors of job satisfaction these are closely related with job satisfaction. Consequently, based on overall research findings can say that there is a strong positive relationship between employee job satisfaction and organizational performance. It could be stated that job satisfaction determines organizational performance, rather than organizational performance determining job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper we have attempted to target IT sector employees and measured impact of compensation on job satisfaction during pandemic. The majority organizations look at how to retain skilled workers as information technology has gone from common to established. And employee turnover is very high in this industry so compensation is one of the important tools which may attract and retain the skilled and qualified employee in the organisation, retaining experienced information technology employees has turned into extra complication. Consequently, this study focused on the technology employees in Bangalore city in Karnataka state. The primary objective of this study is to determine the levels of job satisfaction amongst information technology employees in the context of compensation structure. The sample group (N = 45) We have included across the following occupational classes: Individual contributor, junior level management, Middle level management, senior level management. The Job Descriptive Index questionnaire (JDI) measures job satisfaction on five job facets, namely, salary, promotions, working conditions, co-workers and the work life balance itself. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. A biographical questionnaire and the Job Descriptive Index questionnaire (JDI) were administered to gather the data. This paper reviewed presented literature to get what other researchers have done to make sure that IT employees obtain job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hospitality business is a major contributor to the growth of tourism, consuming a significant amount of energy and resources on the planet. Because the hospitality sector is such a big part of the tourism sector, more attention is paid to its environmental impact. The goal of this study is to look at power management and consciousness among stakeholders' perspectives of the extent to which heritage hotel practices contribute to attaining the environmentrelated SDGs. To do this, a questionnaire was created and sent to the person in control of environmental obligations in the hotels under investigation, which were chosen using a random sample approach. A sample of 49 people seeks heritage motels in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The survey included 70 percent of Karnataka's total Accredited Heritage motels. With the help of a research paper, information is gathered via case interviews and observations with hotel managers. The Casa Cottage Hotel of Karnataka has been effective in executing environment protection operations focused on improving feasible tourism actions and gaining competitive benefits as a result of implementing green hotel planning, which involves ecologically hotel implementation, property use, energy consumption, quality of air, water conservation, and wastewater treatment. The creation of hotels that are environment-friendly and sustainable has been focused on via the control of operational operations to limit the effects of external harm caused by present environmental circumstances. The hotels' dedication to sustainable development via energy was the driving force for the implementation of hotel industry criteria. To accomplish the environment-related SDGs, hoteliers should effectively include Heritage hotel practices into their operations plans, according to the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the agriculture information needs of women farmers of nilgund village of Badami taluk, Bagalkot district, Karnataka. Now a day's woman are involved in all fields and agriculture field is also one among them, they are actively involving in agriculture operations, they need encouragement from Government, private or any other agency for latest information sources related to agriculture. The populations of the study are women farmers. The data were collected by using questionnaire and survey method. Results discussed on the different type of information required by women farmers in farming activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of Institutional Effectiveness is pivotal to the functioning of an academic institution. The mushrooming of private institutions in the Indian higher education space necessitates exploring its antecedents to ensure quality higher education is imparted by the institution. The purpose of this research endeavor is to explore the impact of Academic Leadership on Institutional Effectiveness with a mediating role of Campus Culture and Faculty Involvement in Decision Making. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and implemented a purposive sampling technique to collet primary data from 80 permanent faculties and 249 students of private engineering colleges located in the Karnataka state of India. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling. Hypothesis shows academic leadership and campus culture has high influence on institutional effectiveness. Faculty in decision making and campus culture partially mediates between academic leadership and institutional effectiveness. The results of FIMIX-PLS and PLS-MGA analysis shows the similarity in the results of total effect and path relationships. This paper provides theoretical foundations and empirical findings on conceptualizing the antecedents of institutional effectiveness. The outcomes of this research serve as significant input to policy makers and higher education institutions to facilitate enhancement of institutional effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is a pressing global, one health and planetary health challenge. Links between climate change, antibiotic use, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance have been well documented, but less attention has been given to the impact(s) of earth systems on specific bacterial livestock diseases at a more granular level. Understanding the precise impacts of climate change on livestock health—and in turn the use of antibiotics to address that ill-health—is important in providing an evidence base from which to tackle such impacts and to develop practical, implementable, and locally acceptable solutions within and beyond current antibiotic stewardship programs. In this paper, we set out the case for better integration of earth scientists and their specific disciplinary skill set (specifically, problem-solving with incomplete/fragmentary data; the ability to work across four dimensions and at the interface between the present and deep/geological time) into planetary health research. Then, using a case study from our own research, we discuss a methodology that makes use of risk mapping, a common methodology in earth science but less frequently used in health science, to map disease risk against changing climatic conditions at a granular level. The aim of this exercise is to argue that, by enabling livestock farmers, veterinarians, and animal health observatories to better predict future disease risk and risk impacts based on predicted future climate conditions, earth science can help to provide an evidence base from which to influence policy and develop mitigations. Our example—of climate conditions' impact on livestock health in Karnataka, India—clearly evidences the benefit of integrating earth scientists into planetary health research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe incidence of tea mosquito bug Helopeltis antonii Signoret (Hemiptera: Miridae) on neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss was noticed during 2021-22 in Northern parts of Karnataka. The incidence level (expressed in damage score) varied from 1 to 4 across the surveyed locations, and mean damage score of 3 (25-50% incidence) was observed. Adults and nymphs were found desapping the tender parts of the twigs resulting in black patches and gummosis on the feeding zone initially. Later, affected twigs were found drying along with leaves giving burnt appearance. In this paper, details of survey conducted, different life stages of the pest recorded along with symptoms of damage are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compensation serves as a post-conflict management tool for human-wildlife conflicts. In the Bannerghatta National Park (BNP) region, Karnataka, India, around 57.4% and 95% of the farmers received compensation for crop loss and cattle kill respectively. Compensation claims incurred transportation and paper costs of 60-70% and 30-40% respectively, and it took 7.6-12.3 months on average to receive compensation. Crop loss applications had the lion's share of the total applications, while the compensation paid share was relatively less in the total compensation paid. Inadequacy of compensation was a major constraint. Separate advance fund provisions for crop loss, livestock depredation, property damage and human-related losses in proportion to annual cases can prevent the delay and inadequacy of compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to study the determinants of the Lean Service System (LSS) on the Operational Performance (OP) of India's mail service in the National Sorting Hub (NSH), Mangaluru, Karnataka, the southern part of India. Measuring the OP in mail service is a big challenge in the postal service industry. Hence, we have conducted a survey, and 150 usable data has measured the impact of Lean Service Practices (LSP), Lean Workplace Environment Practices (LWEP), and Lean Social Practices (LSoP) on the OP. The results are analyzed from the partial least square based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with the support of R programming. The analysis shows that there is positive and significant impact of LSP (β = 0.380, p <.05), followed by LWEP (β = 0.281, p <.05), and LSoP (β = 0.266, p <.05) on OP. The practical effect of the findings of LSS are effectively implemented for enhancing the OP of the business. This research addresses the appropriate empirical model to test LSS in India's postal service industry, which is scant in the existing literature. Moreover, this study helps India Post to review its policy so as to sustain the effectiveness of Lean Service (LS) implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as the case study the Ikkeri Nayakas' Vīrabhadra temple in Keladi (the current Karnataka state), the paper discusses the potential correlation between the narrative and the image in terms of the temple's artistic programme and the myths it draws on. With the assumption that the artistic production can serve as a political tool aimed at expressing a ruler's agenda, our focus is on the depictions of certain hybrid creatures found within the premises of the temple and their multidimensional symbolism attested to in Hindu narratives. Our analysis of the visual and the narrative material against the backdrop of the early history of the temple's royal patrons suggests that in the centre of their interest, while designing the temple, was the desire to set out their claims to power and present the milieu they lived in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marriage is a social contract for the satisfaction of male and female physical, biological, psychological and spiritual needs, leading to the formation of a family to bring up children and live together. Sexual relationships and procreation are undoubtedly the primary aims of marriage. Marriage validates sex relationships. The institution of marriage among the tribes differs from that in Hindu society. Marriage among the tribes is not a religious sacrament but a social contract to enjoy sex, procreation, and companionship. The Present paper deals with the different forms of marriage practices followed by the Soliga tribal community based on the Ethnographic Study conducted at four taluks of Yelandur, Chamrajanagar, Kollegal, and Gundulpettaluks of the Chamrajanagar district organized by the Karnataka State Tribal Research Institute, Mysuru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camps are a popular approach to deliver medical care in India. While it is usually a one-off event for physical ailments, it is a long-term affair in Psychiatry. One of the first camps in psychiatry was rolled out as early as in 1967 at Mandar, Ranchi, followed by Raipur Rani (Haryana) in 1976 and at Gunjur, Karnataka in 1977. This camp approach became extremely popular and got expanded across India as they were thought to be synonymous with community-based outreach for mental illnesses. In the past 5 years, however, newer models of community care have emerged, necessitating a relook at this traditional approach. In this paper, the authors trace the origin, utility and future directions of these camps, taking data from community psychiatry camps conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, a premier neuropsychiatric tertiary care institute in India. Data have been collated from the annual reports of the Institute, database from the District Mental health Program, Government of Karnataka, India, and compared with published literature on the same field. While camps remain as one of the important avenues to reach the unreached, there is a need to change the approach of their functioning by incorporating training (primary care providers) aspects and collaborative care. The latter may make the initiative more meaningful and sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The early medieval Pampa tirtha (pilgrimage), in the Hampi area, Bellary District, Karnataka, South India, is largely presented in research as a relatively homogenous, albeit sacred space. This paper describes a nuanced understanding of the Pampa tirtha through the lens of spatial organization and pilgrim movement. The natural and built landscape features of the area were digitized through Esri's ArcMap to historically situate extant stone monuments. Devotee movement through the pilgrimage space was then modelled on time-sensitive maps of architectural and natural features. Pathways of movement across the site were subsequently explored in the immersive panoramic imagery captured in Google Street View. By combining these digital tools, a historicized analysis of the character and qualities of place, born from the organization of the site, are identifiable. The results demonstrate how devotees moved through a network of distinct nodes of shrines, temples, and gateways. Each node possessed a unique relationship to microtopographic features of the hill, and to the earliest deities of the site that originally anchored and oriented the sacred space: Pampa and Bhairava. The pilgrimage space that developed between these two deities was tied together through a path of movement, running south to north. Trends of re-ordering the Pampa tirtha spatial network also reveal patron and artisan mechanisms to privilege and prioritize the 12th-century addition of the god Virupaksha into the sacred space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a part of an ongoing study on the bio-ecology of earthworms, since 2017 surveys has been carried out in different ecosystems of Western Ghats, Karnataka. This has revealed the presence of one native peregrine species Drawida impertusa Stephenson, 1920 of the family Moniligastridae. The species is recorded for the second time from Karnataka state. The paper describes the morphological and anatomical details along with current distribution of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a statistical model based on Internet of Things (IoT) for water quality analysis of river Krishna using different water quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and conductivity. These parameters are very important to assess the water quality of the river. The water quality data were collected from six stations of river Krishna in the state of Karnataka. River Krishna is the fourth largest river in India with approximately 1400 km of length and flows from its origin toward Bay of Bengal. In our study, we have considered only stretch of river Krishna flowing in state of Karnataka, i.e., length of about 483 km. In recent years, the mineral-rich river basin is subjected to rapid industrialization, thus polluting the river basin. The river water is bound to get polluted from various pollutants such as the urban waste water, agricultural waste and industrial waste, thus making it unusable for anthropogenic activities. The traditional manual technique that is under use is a very slow process. It requires staff to collect the water samples from the site and take them to the laboratory and then perform the analysis on various water parameters which is costly and time-consuming process. The timely information about water quality is thus unavailable to the people in the river basin area. This creates a perfect opportunity for swift real-time water quality check through analysis of water samples collected from the river Krishna. IoT is one of the ways with which real-time monitoring of water quality of river Krishna can be done in quick time. In this paper, we have emphasized on IoT-based water quality monitoring by applying the statistical analysis for the data collected from the river Krishna. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA were applied for the data collected, and found that one-way ANOVA was more effective in carrying out water quality analysis. The hypotheses that are drawn using ANOVA were used for water quality analysis. Further, these analyses can be used to train the IoT system so that it can take the decision whenever there is abnormal change in the reading of any of the water quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of rainfall can save farmers from crop damage as erratic rains in India have caused agricultural losses. Due to continuous climate change, rainfall and weather prediction has become essential. Rain causes damage to people and property. So, rainfall forecasting is crucial for crop as our country’s economy is still heavily dependent on agriculture. Using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, we can train these models for the rainfall dataset and make predictions. In this paper, we estimate rainfall over the Karnataka region using a stacking ensemble model on a rainfall dataset collected between 1901 and 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the EIA process and its effectiveness in addressing the impacts of a 190 km long national highway project along the Karnataka coast. We analyse the quality and relevance of the environmental clearance conditions established by the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and discusses their potential implications. The findings underline that most of the conditions that pertained to the prevention of pollution, restoration of mangroves, and protection of biodiversity lacked a scientific basis and specific information required for effective implementation. The MoEF&CC also overlooked the social impact of the project and underplayed its own role in ensuring fair compensation to project affected communities for the loss of their land and other livelihoods. The paper concludes by promulgating a long list of irrelevant and ineffective environmental conditions that represent greenwashing because it could misguide affected communities and other stakeholders by creating the impression the state is exercising due diligence in protecting the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study involves isolation of Streptomyces spp. from rhizosphere of Coscinium fenestratum Gaertn, an endangered medicinal plant from Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Four potential isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Streptomyces sp. RHPR3, Streptomyces puniceus RHPR9, Streptomyces sp. RHPR14 and Streptomyces mediolani RHPR25. An enrichment culture method was used for the isolation of Streptomyces spp. for biosurfactant activity. Among four potential Streptomyces spp., S. puniceus RHPR9 showed highest Emulsification index (EI) (78±0.2%) and Emulsification assay (EA) (223±0.2 EU mL-1). Thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that as glycolipid. Further confirmed by presence of fatty acids like hexanoic acid methyl ester, decanoic acid by Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. S. puniceus RHPR9 showed a significant IAA production (41μg mL-1), solubilized P (749.1 μg mL-1), growth promotion of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) was evaluated using paper towel method and greenhouse conditions. S. puniceus RHPR9 showed a significant increase in seed vigor index (2047) and increase in plant biomass (65%) when compared to uninoculated control. To our knowledge, this is the first report on epiphytic S. puniceus RHPR9 isolated from an endangered medicinal plant C. fenestratum Gaertn, for biosurfactant production and plant growth promotion activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecotourism potentially provides a sustainable approach to tourism development in national parks. The paper focuses on ecotourism impacts and the status of wildlife within the Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Nagarhole) situated in Karnataka. It explores a multitude of interactions that exist among wildlife, conservation efforts, socio-economic, and relocation attempts of the tribal people in the park. Field exploration was undertaken to identify the impacts of ecotourism. The results revealed the ongoing effort by the government to relocate the tribal people within the park and the difficulty faced by park officials to cope with the numerous impacts and conservation strategies in the park. The tourists were engaged in different ecotourism activities and made an observation on the lack of educational awareness and biophysical impacts such as littering and vegetation damage. This paper will contribute a greater understanding of the impacts of ecotourism management for sustainability of the national park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainly the Municipal Solid waste, Constructional and Demolition waste is the waste Majorly genearated from the different activities. These waste is an Environmentaly, Socialy, Economically Challenge to Government. This study of Waste Management is to encourage Reduce from Source, Reuse and Recycling of Waste. This Paper refer the recifying the amount of constructional waste produced from the during of highway Construction. The waste which is produced during a Road Construction, Demolision, renovation, realignment activities are called as Constructional Waste. The waste which is produced during Demolision of Existing roads, old minor bridges, is called Demolision Waste. The Contractor will provide separate garbage bins for biodegradable, non-biodegradable and hazardous wastes in the camps and ensure these are regularly emptied and disposed-off in a hygienic manner. So in this paper, describe about Solid waste management in Road construction Camp, office, Material Testing Lab, Highways, Quarrey, Barrow areas. etc. The Management of Construction waste debris as per annexure 8.7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban areas, characterized by impervious surfaces, produce storm water runoff which during unexpected heavy rainfall exceeds the carrying capacity of the storm water drainage system causing urban flooding. Transport expressways are massive hard-scaped surfaces generating large amounts of polluted surface run-off during the rains. In the case of the Nandi Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises (NICE) Expressway at Bengaluru, India, which is also a tolled road, the demonstration is about using the surface run-off or stormwater as a resource for developing urban green infrastructure complementing the transport grey infrastructure. The functions of urban green infrastructure include air quality improvement, microclimate modification, storm water management, biodiversity, recreational opportunities and visual aesthetics. Here we show, that the surface runoff or stormwater is effectively channelled to the areas around, to mark the beginning of a well-planned and executed drainage system, maintenance-free landscape and technically a sound, urban green infrastructure in the form of site-specific models of Rain Gardens. The same models can be used in other transport expressways as they are the indicators of economic growth and connectivity although would require to be customized as per the city and its climatic conditions. This paper explores three different scenarios with a typical model of development of green infrastructure along the transport expressway tailormade for each of the situations. While in the first and the second models, the Central Rain Garden and the Edge Rain Garden have been respectively proposed, the third model explores a comparatively complex scenario in the form of an Intersection Rain Garden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose-The study aims to analyse the resources used in the citations of 571 research publications of University of Mysore and Karnatak University in the field of physics and prepares the list of core journal, leading publishers and prolific authors. For any research and academic institutional libraries, books and journals are considered as key resources. As the resources are more and diverse, collection building is a tough task for librarians. Citation analysis is one of the best methods to list the most used resources by the users. The paper highlights the extent of use of different sources in the research publications of chemistry. Also the obsolescence of cited literature was examined in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mandya district of Karnataka, India, houses a unique Jain settlement constructed about 1000 years ago. Recent excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) indicate a high degree of engineering skills among the builders of this settlement. Adapting to heat-stresses in a region where the Monsoons often failed was and is still a matter of concern. Ingenious methods were adopted to modulate bioclimatic responses to maintain thermal comfort indices. The Aretippurians used composite building fabrics which modulated heat transfer to the interiors. Indeed, the thermal transmittances for these composite fabrics were low to moderate for both the temple complexes as well as the dormitories; these were 0.27 Wm−1K−1 and 0.23 Wm−1K−1, respectively. A site visit revealed that a unique and engineered micro-climate was also made to prevail on this hilltop settlement housing several hundred Jain settlers. A granite skirted reservoir was indeed the pièce-de-résistance promoting hydraulic air-conditioning for eight months of the year around the premises with copious winds blowing over a large and exposed rain-fed reservoir. This fanned chilled air across the open plan temples, courtyards, and lived-in areas. This paper explores bioclimatic responses for around 120 residents to the prevailing indoor settings modulated by an engineered microclimate. This was possible because of the staggered layout, unique building forms, use of mixed building fabric, and carefully chosen glazing ratios which yielded salubrious settings. Clearly, this entailed a complex interplay between the intercepted solar insolation, structure-driven turbulence, and the transfer of heat across the original composite walls within and around the complex, requiring a systematic experimental as well as modelling study. The experimental part of the project involved the calculation of the thermal transmittivity across the walls made up of fired bricks, granite, and limestone, and the theoretical part involved the use of appropriate software to reconstruct air flow and heat distribution across floors, walls, and ceilings to proxy the original flow pattern yielding the comfortable PMV (predicted mean vote) and PET (physiological equivalent temperature) values within these premises. This exercise may well lead to further explorations on indoor comfort adaptations in tropical settings with the use of many edifying vernacular idioms in ancient settlements which prevail even in modern layouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pragathi Krishna Grameena Bank with Head Office at Bellary came into existence on 23rd August 2013 with the amalgamation of 2 RRBs viz. erstwhile Pragathi Grameena Bank (sponsored by Canara Bank) with Head Office at Bellary and erstwhile Krishna Grameena Bank (sponsored by State Bank of India) with the Head Office at Gulbarga. The RRB with its Head Office at Bellary was formed by amalgamating the two RRBs of Karnataka viz., Pragathi Grameena Bank sponsored by Canara Bank and Krishna Grameena Bank sponsored by State of Bank of India and covers 11 eastern districts of Karnataka state, they are 1. Ballary, 2. Raichur, 3. Koppal, 4. Davanagere, 5. Chitraduga, 6. Shivamogga, 7. Kolar, 8. Chikkaballapur, 9. Gulbarga, 10. Bidar and 11. Yadagiri. The study aimed to assess the performance of selected 15 branches of PKG Bank in Chitradurga district. The objectives of the study were 1. to study the general performance of Pragathi Krishna Grameena Bank, 2. to analyse the performance of selected branches of Pragathi Krishna Grameena Bank in Chitradurga district and 3. to analyse the loan advance and loan recovery performance of PKG bank in Chitradurga district. The paper focused on Total Turnover, Total Business and Net Profit Earned to assess the performance of selected branches in Chitradurga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on Karnataka, one of the states of India, has 5.05% of the population of the country. Topics include paper intends to document and analyze the linguistic demography of one of the culturally and historically important cities of Karnataka; and distribution of mother tongue speakers between male and female categories.

Diabetes is the major health concerns across the whole world. Increasing at a rapid rate, this global epidemic is affecting a large portion of the populace everywhere. India having the highest proportion of diabetic patients, also becoming the 'diabetes capital of the world'. Early detection of diabetes could help to prevent or postpone its onset by taking appropriate preventive measures, including the initiation of lifestyle changes. AI-based diabetes diagnostic solutions are the new trends that companies are embracing to ensure smooth diabetes care. They provide diagnostic programs to detect complex ailments from medical images. By annotating lesions and abnormalities, these programs assist medical scholars and even non-specialists to have a faster diagnosis with much more accuracy. India faces a chronic disease risk burden. Not just this, many people especially those in the age group of 25 to 40 are also being diagnosed with diabetes & cardiovascular diseases according to Journal of the American Medical Association. This research addresses the existing scenario of AI based Diabetes Diagnostic services available in Maharashtra & Karnataka states in India. Firstly, the geographic location of Maharashtra & Karnataka and its existing Healthcare & Diagnostic status are explained. Then, various policies initiated by the government and the healthcare sectors of private ventures are described. Finally, the future prospects of AI based Healthcare Diagnostics in the two states along with possible strategies to address the barriers and issues are mentioned in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) has generated seasonal and extended range hindcast products for 1981–2008 and 2003–2016, respectively, using the IITM-Climate Forecast System (IITM-CFS) coupled model at various resolutions and configurations. Notably, our observational analysis suggests that for the 1981–2008 period, the tropical Indo-Pacific drivers, namely, the canonical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), ENSO Modoki, and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). are significantly associated with the observed Kharif rice production (KRP) of various rice-growing Indian states. In this paper, using the available hindcasts, we evaluate whether these state-of-the-art retrospective forecasts capture the relationship of the KRP of multiple states with the local rainfall as well as the tropical Indo-Pacific drivers, namely, the canonical ENSO, ENSO Modoki, and the IOD. Using techniques of anomaly correlation, partial correlation, and pattern correlation, we surmise that the IITM-CFS successfully simulate the observed association of the tropical Indo-Pacific drivers with the local rainfall of many states during the summer monsoon. Significantly, the observed relationship of the local KRP with various climate drivers is predicted well for several Indian states such as United Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, and Bihar. The basis seems to be the model's ability to capture the teleconnections from the tropical Indo-Pacific drivers such as the IOD, canonical and Modoki ENSOs to the local climate, and consequently, the Kharif rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]