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A recent study conducted at Mayo Clinic Arizona has found that the drug lurbinectedin may be an effective treatment option for small cell and neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SC/NEPC). Lurbinectedin is currently FDA-approved for metastatic small cell lung cancer. The study analyzed data from 18 SC/NEPC patients who were treated with lurbinectedin and found that it showed modest but significant clinical benefit in some patients, with an acceptable toxicity profile. However, larger confirmatory studies are needed to further evaluate its effectiveness. This research provides valuable insights into potential treatment options for SC/NEPC, a disease with a poor prognosis. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the research conducted by the University of the Philippines Manila on small-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer. The research highlights the challenges in diagnosing SCCOHT due to its rarity and morphological similarity to other ovarian tumors. The article presents two cases of SCCOHT, one of which resulted in the patient's death before receiving adjuvant treatment, while the other patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy. The research also includes a review of related literature and briefly discusses diagnosis and treatment options. For more information, readers can refer to the Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, has identified a potential biomarker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) called hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule 2 (HEPACAM2). SCLC is a highly aggressive form of lung cancer with a low survival rate, and currently, there are no reliable biomarkers or imaging techniques for early detection. The study found that HEPACAM2 is highly and specifically expressed in SCLC and is inversely correlated with progression-free survival and overall survival in patients. Further investigation is needed to understand the role of HEPACAM2 in SCLC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University Hospital Zurich has found that Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive form of skin cancer, can be misdiagnosed as a sarcoma due to the presence of a marker called BCOR. The study analyzed the expression of BCOR in MCC and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), another type of neuroendocrine tumor, and found that both types of tumors can exhibit strong aberrant BCOR expression. This finding highlights the potential diagnostic challenges and pitfalls associated with distinguishing MCC from sarcomas. Further research is needed to better understand the implications of BCOR expression in these tumors. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center has found that the protein SEZ6 is highly expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a type of thyroid cancer. SEZ6 has also been found in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and is being targeted by a novel antibody drug conjugate called ABBV-011, which is currently in clinical trials for treating SCLC and neuroendocrine neoplasms, including MTC. The study suggests that SEZ6 could serve as a biomarker for MTC and that SEZ6-targeted therapy shows promise as a targeted treatment for MTC, even in cases without specific genetic mutations. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a shortened manufacturing process to generate tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients who are resistant to anti-PD-1 treatment. The method involves obtaining TILs from a NSCLC tumor, expanding them in cell culture medium, and administering them to the patient. The refractory NSCLC may have been previously treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies or chemotherapeutic agents, and may have low expression of PD-L1 or bulky disease. This process aims to provide a viable treatment option for patients with limited options. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City has identified distinct molecular subtypes of bladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) based on the expression of certain markers. The study found that POU2F3-expressing tumors represent a subset of bladder NEC characterized by lower expression of traditional neuroendocrine markers. The expression of PLCG2 and POU2F3 was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival. The study also identified DLL3 as a potential therapeutic target for bladder NEC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the University of the Witwatersrand has reported on a rare case of mixed small and large cell neuroendocrine tumor in the bladder of a 64-year-old male with a history of bilharzial cystitis. Neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder are uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all bladder tumors. While bilharzia is typically associated with squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder, its potential relationship with neuroendocrine tumors is still relatively unexplored. This case highlights a unique phenomenon that warrants further study to improve patient care and outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Fu Jen Catholic University in New Taipei, Taiwan, explored the role of the inhibitor of DNA-binding 2 (ID2) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study found that ID2 expression is inversely correlated with NSCLC cell invasiveness. The researchers overexpressed ID2 in H1299 cells and discovered that it effectively inhibited migration, invasion, proliferation, and colony formation abilities. They also identified the basal promoter region of ID2 and examined the DNA methylation status of the ID2 promoter. The study suggests that the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) may play a crucial role in regulating ID2 expression and repressing cancer cell growth. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Rutgers University - The State University of New Jersey has found that insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a useful diagnostic marker for primary thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms. The researchers studied 27 cases of primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the thymus and found that 96% of the tumors demonstrated nuclear positivity for INSM1. The study confirms that INSM1 immunohistochemistry is a sensitive marker for neuroendocrine differentiation in primary thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms and offers consistent staining across the entire spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors in this organ. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Pelita Harapan University focused on a rare case of coexisting bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) and prostate adenocarcinoma. The study presented the case of a 72-year-old male smoker who presented with gross hematuria. The patient underwent various procedures and was eventually diagnosed with bladder SCNC and prostate adenocarcinoma. The study highlights the aggressive nature of bladder SCNC and emphasizes the importance of recognizing this rare malignancy. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the possibility of bladder SCNC, despite its low incidence. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Jichi Medical University Hospital in Tochigi, Japan, investigated the effectiveness of using a soft coagulation system during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in preventing postoperative pseudoaneurysms and its impact on renal function. The study analyzed 208 partial nephrectomies performed between May 2016 and March 2023, comparing outcomes in patients who used the soft coagulation system versus those who did not. The results showed a significantly lower incidence of pseudoaneurysms in the soft coagulation user group, and while renal function decreased in the short-term for this group, no long-term differences were observed. This research provides valuable insights into improving surgical techniques for the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Netherlands Cancer Institute has provided new insights into small cell lung cancer. The study focused on the diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm +) non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The researchers aimed to identify resistance mechanisms (RM) to osimertinib in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. The study found that 27% of patients had an RM in CSF ctDNA, and the clinical efficacy of osimertinib dose escalation (DE) was limited. The researchers concluded that there is still much to learn about diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for EGFRm + NSCLC LM. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from investigators at a Cancer Hospital in Beijing, China explores the expression profile and clinical significance of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8+ T cells in small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE). The study found that PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and CD8 density were correlated with various clinical factors and increased overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The researchers suggest that PD-L1/programmed cell death 1 inhibitors should be investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for SCCE. This study provides valuable insights into the prognosis and potential treatment options for this rare and aggressive malignancy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota aimed to determine the associations between MYC immunoreactivity, MYC copy number gain (CNG), driver mutations, and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy. The study found that positive MYC immunohistochemistry (IHC) was significantly associated with KRAS mutation and current/former smoking, while MYC CNG was significantly associated with STK11 mutation. Positive MYC IHC was identified as an independent predictor of shorter overall survival (OS) after immunotherapy treatment, particularly in cases with MYC positive/PD-L1 < 1% status. The researchers suggest that positive MYC IHC may be relevant to NSCLC treatment selection and future therapy development. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Institut de Cancerologie Strasbourg Europe in France discusses the challenges of managing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM) as the initial sign. The study analyzed 25 patients with newly diagnosed brain metastatic NSCLC without specific genetic alterations. The findings suggest that patients with symptomatic BM as the first sign and those with oligometastatic disease have better prognosis. The study also highlights the potential benefits of combining local approaches with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chemotherapy in improving survival outcomes for brain metastatic NSCLC. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to Cothera Bioscience Inc. for combination therapies for treating cancers. The patent describes a method of treating cancer by administering a combination of three agents: an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor, and a cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor. The patent also specifies that the combination of these agents can be administered together or as separate compositions. The method is applicable to various types of cancers, including epithelial tumors and carcinomas. The combination of these agents has been shown to reduce cancer cell growth synergistically and increase cancer cell-killing. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract, researchers have found that ONC201/TIC10, a cancer therapeutic, is effective against prostate cancer (PCa) neuroendocrine tumor (NET)-like cells and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells, regardless of the extent of neuroendocrine differentiation. The study also suggests that markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and the TRAIL pathway, as well as the expression of ClpP, may contribute to neuroendocrine tumor cell death and sensitivity to ONC201. These findings have implications for the use of ONC201 in PCa treatment, as most castrate-resistant androgen-independent cancers are not therapy resistant due to NET differentiation. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital in China focused on small cell esophageal carcinoma (SCEC), a rare and aggressive form of esophageal cancer. The study aimed to identify factors and treatment approaches that influence the prognosis of SCEC. The researchers collected data from two registries and conducted survival analyses, finding that distant metastasis and chemotherapy were independent factors associated with worse overall survival and cancer-specific survival in SCEC patients. The study concluded that chemotherapy remains the primary treatment approach for SCEC. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on a study from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center investigating chromothripsis in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Topics include the role of chromothripsis in SCLC pathogenesis, the genetic differences between SCLC in smokers and never/light smokers, and the potential links between aggressive SCLC and pulmonary carcinoids.

The article focuses on recent findings from Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine about a new anti-L1CAM monoclonal antibody for targeting small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Topics include the development of the HSL175-DT3C antibody-drug conjugate, its effectiveness against SCLC cell lines, and the potential of this approach as a novel therapeutic option for SCLC.

The article focuses on the relationship between periostin expression and pro-angiogenic factors in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Topics include the correlation of periostin with factors such as CD31, CD34, CD105, and VEGF-A, its impact on microvascular density and tumor progression, and its potential role as a prognostic marker in NSCLC.

A recent study conducted by Health Canada examined the relationship between residential radon exposure and two types of lung cancer, small-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, among males and females in Canada. The study found that lung cancer incidence rates correlated with tobacco consumption rates, with females appearing to be more likely than males to develop lung cancer at a given amount of cigarette consumption. Additionally, a statistically significant correlation was observed between radon concentration and lung cancer incidence rates for females, particularly for adenocarcinoma. The study suggests that female non-smokers may be more susceptible to radon-induced lung cancer, and the joint effect of radon exposure and tobacco smoking may be worse in female smokers compared to males. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the investigation into the relationship between HOXA genes, long-noncoding RNAs, and their clinicopathologic and prognostic implications in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Topics include the association between HOXA gene expression and various clinicopathologic parameters, the prognostic value of specific HOXA genes in predicting overall survival, and the potential of HOXA genes as novel prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC.

A recent study conducted by researchers from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi, India, focused on the detection of biomarkers in advanced lung adenocarcinomas. The study evaluated the utility of ALK and ROS1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as a complement to immunohistochemistry (IHC) in routine predictive biomarker testing algorithms. The results showed that immunostaining is a robust method for ALK rearrangement testing, with FISH adding value in rare equivocal cases. Additionally, the study found that ROS1 rearrangement testing is more cost-effective if IHC is followed by FISH after excluding EGFR-mutant and ALK-rearranged adenocarcinomas. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "A Method To Identify Exceptional Anti-Tumor Benefit From Braf Targeted Therapies" has been published online. The inventor, Hans Ragnar Widlund, proposes a method for determining whether a cancer patient is likely to benefit from treatment with a BRAF inhibitor. The method involves evaluating the presence and level of GAPDHS in a sample of cancer cells and comparing it to a reference level. If the level of GAPDHS is equal to or greater than the reference level, there is a high likelihood of response to the treatment. The patent application also includes methods for treating cancer patients who have been identified as likely to benefit from BRAF inhibitors. The invention aims to personalize precision medicines for improved cancer care. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital in Shandong, China, examined the real-world outcomes of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based regimens. The study found that patients with a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of >= 50% had favorable progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) when treated with ICIs plus chemotherapy. Additionally, the study identified other factors, such as clinical stage, previous systemic therapy, and metastases, that were associated with PFS and OS. These findings suggest that immunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for advanced NSCLC, particularly in patients with a high PD-L1 TPS. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi have conducted a study on the detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study compared the use of liquid biopsy (testing plasma cell-free DNA) with tissue biopsy for detecting EGFR mutations. The researchers found that the liquid biopsy approach had a shorter turnaround time and comparable outcomes to tissue biopsy, making it a reliable method for detecting EGFR mutations in advanced-stage NSCLC. This research provides valuable insights into improving the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. [Extracted from the article]

A recently published patent application titled "Methods For Early Detection Of Cancer" outlines a system for detecting cancer at an early stage. The method involves analyzing cell-free DNA from a patient and sequencing it to identify genetic variants associated with specific types of cancer. The application highlights several cancers that can be detected using this method, including ovarian, pancreatic, breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung carcinoma. The application provides detailed information on the techniques and applications of the method, which has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting tumor markers at low frequencies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report published by researchers from the College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology discusses small-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), a rare and aggressive gynecological tumor. The researchers analyzed the clinical manifestations and imaging findings of a 36-year-old woman diagnosed with SCCOHT, aiming to improve the ability of radiologists to differentiate SCCOHT from other ovarian tumors. The study concluded that despite its rarity, SCCOHT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovarian malignancies, particularly in young female patients presenting with specific MRI findings and hypercalcemia. Further information on this research can be found in the journal article. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Pathology Department discusses a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder (GB-NEC), a rare form of cancer. The report highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating GB-NEC due to its rarity. The patient in the case study underwent surgery and chemotherapy, showing a partial response to treatment. The report emphasizes the importance of early detection and multimodal treatment strategies for GB-NEC, and calls for further research to standardize treatment for this rare condition. [Extracted from the article]

Toray Industries Inc. has been granted a patent for a kit, device, and method to detect lung cancer. The patent provides background information on lung cancer and its different tissue types. The inventors aim to identify a new tumor marker for lung cancer that can be used in initial tests and offer an effective method for detecting the disease using specific nucleic acids. The patent claims a method to detect and treat lung cancer by determining the expression level of hsa-miR-4730 in a sample from a human subject, such as blood, serum, or plasma. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, surgery, or a combination of these. The patent also describes a method to detect lung cancer using specific nucleotide sequences, measuring the expression levels of certain microRNAs associated with the disease. The measurement can be done using quantitative RT-PCR or hybridization techniques. The patent also mentions other microRNAs that can be measured to determine the expression levels of additional lung cancer markers. Overall, this patent provides a kit, device, and method for detecting lung cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A researcher at University Hospital Martin in Slovakia has published new findings on small cell lung cancer. The study focused on the detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cases. The researchers used immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses to compare discordant and concordant samples. The study found that FISH analysis was able to detect atypical or heterogeneous patterns of ALK rearrangement in cases with negative protein expression, suggesting more extensive genetic alterations rather than true ALK rearrangement. [Extracted from the article]

A case report from Anhui University of Chinese Medicine in the People's Republic of China highlights the rare occurrence of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) metastasizing to the right eye. The report emphasizes the importance of early detection and treatment in preserving vision and improving the patient's quality of life. The patient in the case experienced a decline in vision and blurred vision during systemic treatment for SCLC, leading to the surgical removal of the right eyeball. The research aims to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ocular metastatic carcinoma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine in Japan has found that small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells rely on a protein called KIF11 for survival. The researchers discovered that KIF11 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in SCLC tissues compared to normal lung tissues. When KIF11 was targeted using RNA interference or a small-molecule inhibitor, the growth of SCLC cells was suppressed. The study suggests that inhibiting KIF11 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SCLC. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Kentucky examined the diagnostic yield and complication rate of computed tomography (CT)-guided needle biopsies for lung lesions. The study included 1,063 patients, with 772 receiving a specific diagnosis and 268 receiving non-malignant diagnoses. The most common malignant diagnosis was adenocarcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. The study found higher rates of complications, such as pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage, compared to established guidelines, which may be attributed to the varying experience levels in a busy training academic center. The researchers concluded that CT-guided needle biopsy is a reliable diagnostic tool for lung lesions and can effectively distinguish between benign and cancerous lesions before invasive procedures are planned. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06478264, that is currently being conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a treatment for small cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The trial involves the use of a drug called Adebrelimab, along with chemotherapy drugs Cisplatin and Carboplatin, and radiotherapy. The trial is not yet recruiting participants and aims to enroll 40 individuals between the ages of 18 and 75. The document includes contact information for the primary investigator and lists the eligibility criteria for participation in the trial. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Babol University of Medical Sciences in Iran have published a case report on small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCCC), a rare and aggressive form of cervical cancer. The report describes the case of a 47-year-old patient with a history of breast cancer who presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding and was diagnosed with SCCC. The patient underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, followed by adjuvant chemoradiation. The researchers concluded that SCCC has a poor prognosis and that the optimal treatment for this type of cancer is still uncertain. [Extracted from the article]

A case series study conducted at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, explored the use of double lung transplantation (DLT) as a potential curative treatment for patients with metastatic lung-limited non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The study included six patients with stage IVA NSCLC who underwent DLT. The patients had high oxygen requirements before the transplant due to cancer progression, but after the procedure, none of them required oxygen therapy. All six patients were alive and in good health at the time of the study. The ongoing DREAM study aims to further investigate the role of DLT in metastatic lung-limited NSCLC patients. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, focused on small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the esophagus, a rare variant of esophageal cancer. The study analyzed the records of 14 patients with SmCC histology from 2010 to 2020, examining their demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, treatment received, and outcomes. The majority of patients received palliative radiotherapy, and partial response was noted in 78.6% of patients who received treatment. The study suggests the need for further collaborative research to develop definitive management strategies for this rare form of esophageal cancer. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Tokushima University in Japan discusses the transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to small-cell carcinoma in patients who have stopped receiving epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). The study highlights the importance of considering this transformation throughout the clinical course and emphasizes the need for careful observation of tumor behavior and small-cell carcinoma markers to avoid diagnostic delays. The research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in lung cancer. For more information, readers can refer to the original article published in Respiratory Medicine Case Reports. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06472804, has been launched to evaluate the frequency of insomnia in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The study aims to assess how common difficulties with sleep are in patients whose lung cancer has spread to other parts of the body. The trial involves medical chart reviews and the completion of a questionnaire by the participants. The primary objective is to evaluate the frequency of insomnia in these patients. The trial is currently recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by June 2026. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Taylor's University in Selangor, Malaysia discusses the role of genetic polymorphisms in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) susceptibility and survival. NSCLC is the most common type of lung cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. The study focuses on the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immunomodulatory markers on NSCLC risk and prognosis. The findings provide valuable insights into the genetic factors influencing NSCLC and may contribute to personalized clinical care for patients. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the University of Birmingham Medical School discusses a case of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) presenting with recurrent pneumothoraces. Pneumothorax is a collection of air in the pleural space, and while it is known to be associated with lung cancer, it is rare for SCLC to present with pneumothorax. The report describes the case of a 62-year-old male patient with a history of COPD and smoking, who presented twice in two months with spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient underwent treatment including surgery and chemotherapy. The prognosis for pneumothorax as a presentation of lung cancer is poor, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at Hamad Medical Corporation has reported on a rare case of neuroendocrine cancer. The study focuses on a 33-year-old patient who was diagnosed with a composite adenocarcinoma and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the urachus. Despite receiving chemotherapy, the patient's condition worsened, highlighting the aggressive nature of this type of cancer. The research emphasizes the importance of recognizing the neuroendocrine carcinoma component in urachal tumors, as it carries a poor prognosis. [Extracted from the article]