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The existence of the new normal and changes in the curriculum have caused teachers to innovate in implementing effective learning so that students are able to solve higher order thinking skills (HOTS) type questions in accordance with the essential skills of the 21st century, namely decision making. One of the innovative learning models that is expected to improve students' decision-making abilities is the e-IM3 learning model. The e-IM3 learning model is an acronym for electronic (e-) with IM3 steps, namely Identifying (I) problems, Membangun (M) is building ideas, Mengklarifikasi (M) is clarifying ideas, and Menilai (M) is assessing the reasonableness of ideas. This research aims to reveal that e-IM3 learning is able to develop students' decision-making abilities in solving number sequence problems. This research includes descriptive qualitative research under research subjects 32 grade VIII students at Junior High School in Madiun. Students carry out 4 steps of learning activities, namely identifying problems on student worksheets, building ideas by solving problems, clarifying ideas by presenting answers and assessing the reasonableness of ideas through students' oral explanations. The research results showed that there were 2 correct student decisions in solving questions on the worksheets, namely: (1) using sequential addition with a fixed difference. (2) using the concept 푈푛 = 푎 + (푛−1)푏, where 푎 is the duration on the first day and 푏 is the difference so that the correct results are obtained. However, in the process there were students who were not careful enough so that the answers were not correct. Other results show that most of the scores obtained by students after implementing E-IM3 learning model increased, which shows that students' decision-making abilities in solving number sequence problems are developing. This e-IM3 learning model can be used to develop students' decision-making abilities in other mathematics materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A person can reason quickly and automatically to produce the correct answer. This is an important aspect for someone in making decisions when solving problems. This study examined the forms of logical intuition in gifted students' mathematical problem-solving. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. The case study in this research is a multiple case study. The research instrument consisted of the researcher as the main instrument, logical intuition indicator rubrics, mathematics problems, semi-structured interview guides, audio-visual recording tools, and researcher notes. This research was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The subjects of this study were three mathematically gifted students at the junior high school level. The research data consisted of the subject's written answers, interview recordings, and the researcher's notes. The data analysis technique is an interactive data analysis technique consisting of data collection, reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. This study's results indicate three forms of modus ponen (MP) logical intuition, namely MP1, MP2, and MP3. The dominant characteristic of MP 1 is the use of formulas. The characteristic of MP2 is the use of proportion. The dominant characteristic of the MP3 is the use of memorized steps. The different forms of logical intuition are due to the different learning experiences of each subject. This research is limited to the reasoning cases of high-achieving junior high school students only. The implication of the results of this research is that teachers are advised to provide mathematical problem-solving training to all their students so that they have logical intuition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new normal era, many students experience learning difficulties and their motivation to learn decreases. This affects math learning because most students find it difficult, The difficulties that students usually face are usually caused by a lack of mathematical literacy skills. Students' mathematical literacy skills are important for the government in improving the quality of education. One of the programs that can be used to measure students' literacy skills is the Program for International Students Assessment (PISA). One of the factors that influence mathematical literacy skills is students' learning style. The purpose of this study is to describe how students' mathematical literacy skills when working on PISA model questions based on students' learning styles. The method used in the research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects consisted of 3 students of class VII D at SMPN (Public Junior High School) 1 Kebonsari with visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. The instruments used in the study were learning style questionnaire, math literacy test and interview. The results showed that: (1) students with visual learning styles solved PISA problems up to level 4 fulfill the indicators of formulating, employing, and interpreting. (2) students with auditorial learning style solved PISA problems up to level 2 fulfill the indicators of formulating, employing, and interpreting and at level 3 only fulfill the formulating indicator. (3) students with kinesthetic learning style in solved PISA questions up to level 3 fulfill the indicators of formulating, employing, and interpreting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on determining the effectiveness of Toba Boat Race Game on vocabulary learning at the junior high school level. The Toba Boat Race game aims to provide challenging and fun language learning as a blend of learning and playing. The Toba Boat Race Game that is presented contains local wisdom content where the vocabulary learned provides an understanding of social, cultural, artistic, historical and regional noble values and provides English learning through vocabulary mastery which is expected to be captured concretely because the context is relevant to students' daily lives day. The game users complete various kinds of challenges according to the levels that must be passed in the form of word puzzles, snakes and ladders, word matching, word completion and others. Testing the effectiveness of educational games is carried out using quasi-experimental design. The test results of the respondents on the effectiveness of using the Toba Boat Race game increases to 44.5 in mean achievement in English vocabulary mastery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have explored the effectiveness of using Augmented Reality (AR) in terms of gender, especially in mathematics learning. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of AR-based media that has been developed, ARGEO Learning, in improving students' mathematical understanding when viewed from gender. The research used a pre- experiment design, and limited testing was conducted on 25 junior high school students on flat-sided 3D shape topics. The testing was used as a method for data collection. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney) and N-Gain. The results showed that there was a significant difference between students' understanding before and after the use of ARGEO Learning. Furthermore, when viewed from gender, no significant difference was found between the increment of the mathematical understanding of male and female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometry is one of the crucial materials for students to learn in everyday life both related to lines, angles, planes, congruences, and polyhedrons. However, previous studies show that students experience obstacles to learning geometry. One of the contributing factors is geometry learning media which is still rarely developed. This study aims to design a mathematics learning media with the topic of the pyramid volume concept that meets the valid category. The research method of this research is the Plomp development method with three stages, namely 1) the preliminary research phase, 2) the development or prototyping phase, and 3) the assessment phase. The subjects of this study were 30 junior high school students who were receiving lessons on the pyramid and cube volume concept. The results showed that a learning media named Hanging Scale to find the concept of pyramid volume had been successfully designed. The learning media designed are tested for validity to ensure the quality of the media. The validity test used was an expert judgment involving expert lecturers in the field of mathematics education and mathematics media. The validity test is used to test the quality of the media developed in terms of whether it is valid or not for use in classroom learning. Validity testing is carried out before the media is used for further research. If expert experts state that the media is "valid", then the media can be used for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to formulate the characteristics of electronic scaffolding or e-scaffolding that support the mathematical communication skills of junior high school students. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. The subjects of this research were two junior high school students. The research instruments consisted of researchers, electronic teaching materials as e-scaffolding, semi-structured interview guidelines, mathematical communication indicator rubrics, and audio-visual recording equipment. Electronic teaching materials in the form of videos are available on YouTube. The novelty of this research is the formulation of the characteristics of e-scaffolding, which is produced through a study of video duration, materials teaching methods, video visualization, language, materials structure, and audio. The results of this study indicate that the subject (1) can express mathematical ideas in verbal, written, and graphic forms, (2) is able to understand and evaluate mathematical ideas verbally, written, or graphically, (3) is able to use mathematical terms and notation to represent ideas, make connections between ideas, and create mathematical models after using e-scaffolding video with the following characteristics. Video duration is no more than 10 minutes, interactive method of teaching material, video visualization using pictures and writing, as well as audio with the intonation and dialect of the same language as the subject's culture, and videos with examples. This study concludes that videos containing material accompanied by examples delivered interactively and briefly can foster students' mathematical communication. This research implies that teachers and students must elaborate on video characteristics before it is used as a source of mathematics learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analysis the Numeracy Ability of VII grade students in solving Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) type questions between female and male students. The research subjects were 32 class VII-H students of SMPN 1 Geger, Madiun Regency, East Java, Indonesia. This research is a qualitative descriptive type with four subjects taken from 32 students for analysis, including 2 female students and 2 male students. Research data collection through written tests about numeracy skills and interviews. The results of this research data use several aspects including understanding the problem, using mathematical symbols, restating, using problem solving strategies and drawing conclusions. The results of this study were that the first male subject was able to solve problems according to each indicator, the second male subject was able to solve problems according to each indicator. In the first subject, women were able to solve problems according to each indicator, in the second subject, women were able to solve problems with each indicator. However, in working on the questions, female students tend to be more thorough and tenacious than male students. So it can be concluded that the numeracy skills of students with both male and female genders are able to solve problems that differ only in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring higher-order thinking skills involves assessing an individual's capacity to engage in processes such as reasoning, analysis, evaluation, and creative idea generation to solve problems and make informed decisions. These instruments play a crucial role in cultivating students' aptitude and competence, enabling their adaptation to the complexities of the 21st century. However, a gap exists in measuring higher-order thinking skills in the context of mathematics education in Indonesia, as current instruments primarily focus on evaluating formula comprehension and application. Therefore, substantiating the construct validity of items within the high-level thinking skills instrument in mathematics becomes imperative. This study introduces six dimensions in formulating higher-order thinking skill items for mathematics, encompassing logic, reasoning, analysis, evaluation, creation, and decision-making proficiencies. The primary objective of this research is to scrutinize the construct validity of this instrument. Employing a design and development framework, data were collected through assessments administered to 284 junior high school students across Indonesia. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was employed for data analysis, utilizing the R software. The outcomes underscore the significance of 20 out of the 25 items, as they exhibit unidimensionality and attain a T-Value exceeding 1.96 for the loading factor. This finding substantiates that the collected data accurately measure the construct of higher-order thinking skills in mathematics, thereby yielding a substantial impact. In essence, this study highlights the pivotal role of these instruments in fostering advanced cognitive capabilities, paving the way for students' effective engagement with complex problem-solving scenarios and decision-making challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the profile of student's creative thinking in mathematics open-ended problem solving viewed self-efficacy. The subjects of the study were students of class VIII SMP Negeri 16 Surabaya who had studied the two dimensional figure. Self-efficacy test, and the Mathematics Ability Test (MAT) tests are used to collect student creativity data. Data Triangulation was used for verify the credibility of the findings. Data analysis was done by following stage: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the creative thinking profile of students with high self-efficacy and students with low self-efficacy fulfilled all indicators of creative thinking namely 1) Fluency, demonstrated by being able to produce more than one correct answer 2) Flexibility, shown by being able to use more than one different method 3) Novelty, shown by getting answers using a flat shape that are all unknown names that do not imitate others, are not commonly used by students themselves and the original idea itself. Thus the profile of junior high school students' creative thinking affects the resolution of open mathematical problems. Therefore teachers are advised to give more practice to develop students' creative thinking skills in solving open-ended mathematical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasingly rapid global development conditions due to technological advances show the importance of labor experts who specialize in technology and science. Students' perceptions of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) careers need to be improved to fulfil the need for labor experts in the STEM career. To resolve the need of labor expert in the STEM career, student's interest and motivation of STEM careers must be enhanced. This study aims to analyze the effect of STEM based learning to increase junior high school student's perceptions of STEM career on temperature and heat matter. This research is quantitative research with Quasi-experiment and One-Group Pre-test Post-test Design. The population in this study was grade VII students at public school in Samarinda City, Indonesia with 30 students. Data collection used a questionnaire contain 19 closed-ended items with 13 positive statements and 6 negative statements that explore the student perception of STEM career. Moreover, to understand students' knowledge about scientist and engineer, 3 open-ended items were utilized. The questionnaire has been given before and after STEM based learning to students. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the perceptions of junior high school students regarding the STEM career before and after being given STEM based learning. Information about STEM career in learning need to be continuously improved so that it can encourage students to have a high interest and motivation to plan a career in the STEM field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to see how mind map-based handouts with inquiry learning models affect junior high school students' physics learning outcomes. The research method used was quasi-experimental with the randomized control Group Only Design. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique with one sample as the experimental class and one as the control class. The data in the study are the results of learning cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The research instrument was an objective test for cognitive aspects of learning outcomes and observation sheets for affective and psychomotor aspects of learning outcomes. The result of the study showed that the student's average learning outcomes in all three aspects of the experimental class were higher than in the control class. After testing the hypothesis, the tcount on the cognitive aspect is 2.88, the tcount on the affective aspect is 2.52, the tcount on the psychomotor aspect is 2.19, the ttable with dk 58 is 1.68 and the tcount > ttable. Therefore, the hypothesis states that the learning outcomes of the experimental class using mind map-based handouts with the inquiry learning model are more significant than the control class and can be accepted at the 0.05 significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monolingual mindset in countries that don't use English as their main language has the belief that learning English is far longer than learning first language or mathematics. Even though several studies have shown that bilingual literacy (i.e. Indonesian and English) and mathematics can be studied together as long as their first language literacy is good enough. This article examines how to develop teaching modules using a project-based learning approach to improve students' bilingual numeracy at the junior high school level. The priority of this teaching module is literacy which is developed not only in Indonesian numeracy literacy but also in English numeracy literacy. The development of this teaching module refers to the development model of Thiagarajan, Semmel and Semmel namely: define, design, develop and disseminate. This teaching module involves expert assessment, so that prior to conducting field trials the learning device has been revised based on the assessment and input of experts. From these results obtained teaching modules with a project based learning approach that has high validity and practicality. This teaching module also received a positive response from teachers and junior high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of students to solve problems is one of the important abilities to make students the element of engineering in science education because it can support students in the process of learning and application of science so that students are able to solve problems that exist around them. One way to apply the element of engineering in science learning is with the use of EDP, which will allow the student to develop the ability to solve problems in the student's daily life. Learning by applying EDP will enable students to experiment and make improvements in an exciting learning atmosphere, starting from asking questions, thinking about solutions, planning, making prototypes, testing prototyping, and making improvements. The study aims to describe the progress of high school students' problem-solving ability through applying EDP to pressure materials. This research uses an intervention design method with a one-group design pretest-posttest and is carried out in SMP Negeri 30 Surabaya with samples used as research subjects, namely Class VIII C selected with purposive sampling techniques. The results of the study on the improvement of the problem-solving ability of high school students on substance pressure materials through the application of EDP were dominated by students in the medium improvement category with a percentage of 61%, and the t-test results in pairs showed sig values.000. This study concludes that there is a significant difference in the improvement of student problem-solving ability before and after the learning process by applying EDP in science learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to develop science learning media using a valid, practical, and effective problem-based learning integrated Moodle web to improve the technological literacy of junior high school students. Learning media development using the stages of Lee and Owens (2004) includes assessment/analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. At the implementation stage, it used a quasi-experimental research design with the type of pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. We conducted this research at Al Rifa'ie Gondanglegi Modern Junior High School, Indonesia. The implementation used two different classes: class VIII A as the experimental class (PBL with science learning media using PBL-based Moodle web) and VIII B as the control class using the PBL learning model. The validity test results of media, materials, and science education practitioners were 98.13%, 100%, and 99.37%, with the three categories being very valid. The results of individual, small group, field, and conduct pilot tests were 84.10%, 83.93%, 89.79%, and 86.32%, with very practical categories. The effectiveness test results using a single ANCOVA test with p < 0.05 showed that the science learning using the PBL-based Moodle web significantly affected technological literacy compared to students who were taught only with PBL. Science learning media using the Moodle web that has been developed can be used by science teachers. Furthermore, the PBL-based Moodle web can also be formed from other subjects to improve the technological literacy skills of junior high school students and various other 21st-century skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning in the 21st century requires students to have various skills to face new challenges and novelties. This study investigates the relationship between students' critical thinking oral and written communication skills through implementing the Research Oriented Collaborative Inquiry Learning (REORCILEA) model in science learning. This research was concerned with determining whether students with good critical thinking skills have better oral and written communication skills. This research was descriptive and quantitative, with a sample of 49 junior high school students in class IX. Observation sheets and student activity sheets became instruments in this study. The data were about critical thinking skills oral and written communication skills that were gathered during learning, presentation, and on student activity sheets. The data were analysed using a correlation test and linear regression test. The current study's findings revealed a significant effect between critical thinking skills and written communication skills. However, there was no significant effect between critical thinking and oral communication skills and between oral and written communication skills. Students with good critical thinking skills can better express their thoughts in written form than in oral form, and students with good writing skills do not always have good speaking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the quality of education can be used as a means for the rapid development of science and technology. Technological advances allow the development of e-module teaching materials. The purpose of this study was to develop an e-module based on Problem-Based Learning to improve students' understanding of appropriate global warming material. This study uses a 4D model, which is varied into 3D, which consists of definition, design, and development. The e-module was tested on a limited basis to 18 seventh-grade students of SMP Darul Quran Singosari. The validity of the media obtained a percentage of 85% with a very valid category, material validity obtained a percentage of 87% with a very valid category, and the validity of the concept of truth obtained a percentage of 100% with a very valid category, the practicality test of teachers obtained a percentage of 80% with a practical category, and practicality test by students obtained a percentage of 87.8% with a very practical category. Sig value. The results of the normality test, that is, 0.200> 0.05, it prove that the data results before and after the test are normally distributed so that it can be continued with the t-test to determine the increase in student understanding after the implementation of learning. Sig value. (2-tailed) based on the t-test that is 0.000<0.005, which proves that the use of e-modules in Problem-Based Learning-based learning is effective in improving students' understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometry is very important to study in Mathematics, one of which is in the material of curved three-dimensional forms. However, many students still have difficulty learning the material, which affects their creative thinking ability, which is still not optimal. Therefore, we need innovative media development using the right context, one of which is using Augmented Reality-based Ethnomathematics. This study aims to develop ethnomathematical-based media using Augmented Reality, which is oriented toward the ability to think creatively. This research is a type of development research with the ADDIE model. This article will discuss the results of the analysis, design, and development stages. The subjects in this study were ninth-grade students in one of the junior high schools in Semarang. Data collection in this study used the questionnaire method by analyzing Augmented Reality learning media based on Ethnomathematics. The validation data from experts were analyzed using the mean formula to determine the average media validity score. The analysis results showed that the average score of Ethnomathematics-based media validation using Augmented Reality oriented toward creative thinking skills was 87% with excellent qualifications and material validation with 90% with excellent qualifications. Thus, ethnomathematics-based media using Augmented Reality, which is oriented towards creative thinking skills, can be declared valid and have excellent qualifications. This media development can then be implemented in the classroom to find out the potential effect on students' creative thinking ability and is expected to inspire educators to develop media by involving cultural exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, which has hit the world for two years. The impact of COVID-19, which requires long school closures and the transfer of learning, has an effect on education, especially for students because they experience learning loss due to learning that is not optimal. This pilot study aims to analyse the feasibility or usability of learning videos in overcoming learning loss. This type of research is in the early stage of development research. A quantitative descriptive approach was used to investigate the usefulness of instructional videos to overcome learning loss. The students involved in the usability test were 17 grade VIII students in one of the junior high schools in Banda Aceh. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Based on the student assessment results, it was found that 14 students gave useful responses with very good criteria, 1 student answered with good criteria, and the rest gave sufficient criteria. Based on these trials, it can be concluded that learning videos to overcome learning loss have very good usability quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the numerical literacy of junior high school student based on their cognitive style in solving HOTS problems. Numerical literacy refers to any aspects of estimating, calculating, comparing, and defining patterns, kinds of reasoning, and interpreting information. It was qualitative research with an exploratory approach. The subject consisted of two 8th junior high school students selected based on cognitive style. It applied the GEFT (Group Embedded Figures Test) test, Numerical Literacy Test and interview guidelines as the supporting instrument. Time triangulation was used for data validity. Data analysis techniques involved data reduction, exposure, interpretation and conclusion. The results showed that the field-independent subject was able to identify detailed information, diagnose problems by data information, present and estimate calculations in sequential and systematic ways, perform data comparisons by bar charts, define the correlation of each variable, interpret data presentation statically, and evaluate the results with causality by data information. Meanwhile, the field-dependent subject identified problems globally and presented the comparison forms of calculations separately with no specific information on each variable. The subject presented the data using a line diagram with neither detailed calculations nor the pattern of data information. Moreover, she did not evaluate the answer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material of the human digestive system is biological material that is important to study and understand because it relates to humans themselves about the digestive process and the importance of maintaining health, especially in human digestion. In studying the human digestive system, there are separate obstacles because the material for the human digestive system is less attractive to students; they consider that the material is less interesting to learn, and students find it relatively difficult to imagine objects from the human digestive system material. This research aims to develop a pop-up book-based learning media on the human digestive system material for class VIII junior high school students that is valid and feasible to use. This type of research is research and development (R&D) using the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The data collection technique is in the form of distributing questionnaires. The data collection instruments in this study were questionnaires for analysing student needs, the needs of science teachers, material expert validation, media expert validation, feasibility test, and media readability test. The resulting data are qualitative and quantitative. The results of the development of learning media based on this pop-up book have fulfilled the very valid category and are very feasible to use with the results of the percentage of material validation of 95%, the percentage of media validation results being 97%, the percentage results of the feasibility test being 93%, and the percentage test results readability of 86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning with a contextual approach is carried out by paying attention to students' abilities, learning support tools, situations and conditions and achieving the learning objectives. This study aims to discover how the mathematics learning process with a contextual approach in online learning provides innovation to the phenomena and learning outcomes. The contextual approach will make it easier for students to connect the material presented with their insights about real problems in everyday life. In the COVID-19 pandemic situation, learning is carried out online so that teachers and students must be able to determine and choose an appropriate approach to the mathematics learning material. The methodology in this research is descriptive and qualitative. The subjects of this study were seventh-grade students in a private junior high school in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The results showed that the formation of students' learning motivation and activities was due to finding and solving mathematical problems by relating them to situations and conditions of daily life. The process of learning mathematics with a contextual approach makes it easier for students to understand mathematical concepts. The average value of learning outcomes for each first meeting is 72.332%, the second meeting is 86.16%, and the third meeting is 76.16%. Learning mathematics with a contextual approach during the pandemic-19 provides innovations for students and teachers. So that it can increase student learning motivation and student activity because they find problems and solve math problems related to everyday life. Students are asked to be very independent to understand the mathematical content that has been delivered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to find out the application of web-based testlet-model in the measurement of achievement of mathematics students at the junior high school level. This research is a quality descriptive study, data sources in stinging come from teachers and learners from five schools. Data collection techniques are carried out using interview and observation techniques. Data analysis techniques are performed with interactive techniques. Based on the results of data analysis conducted, it is known that most teachers and first-time of new students use testlet-model let alone web-based ones. implementation of teslet model is located at the level of the user and has different access. The intended user level is central admin, school admin, teacher, and student. Constraints in the examination of this web-based testlet-model on network problems and students' ability to operate computers. This application helps teachers to know the level of understanding and can minimize the number of students doing guesses so that they can describe the actual ability of students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the learning motivation of junior high school students towards the implementation of an independent experiment on the topic of liquid pressure. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. The instrument used was a student learning motivation questionnaire distributed to class VIII junior high school students in Kalasan District. The instrument used has been validated with the FGD technique. From the results of the analysis calculation, it is found that the learning motivation of students on the attention indicator is 81.25% in the good category, relevance is 80% in the good category, self-confidence is 79% in the good category, and satisfaction is 80% in the good category. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the learning motivation of junior high school students in this regard is attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction in the implementation of independent experiments on the topic of liquid pressure in the good category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the learning interest of junior high school students towards the use of android-based animated film media during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of the research were grade VIII students at Public Junior High School 7 Muara Jambi which consisted of 25 junior high school students who were taken randomly. As for the number of class VIII students at Public Junior High School 7 Muara Jambi as many as 86 students. The instruments used in this study were student learning interest questionnaire test sheets and interviews. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that overall, the use of android-based animated film media can be said to support student learning interest during the Covid-19 pandemic, while the overall percentage result is 80% with very high criteria. As for the percentage results based on indicators of overall interest in learning, the percentage of students' feelings of pleasure is 83% with very high criteria. The percentage of students' interest and attention indicators is 80% with very high criteria; and the percentage of student involvement indicators is 78% with high criteria. Therefore, it can be concluded that this android-based animated film media is very effectively used as a learning medium to support student learning interest during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative descriptive research is the type of this research. This study aims to describe and determine which item indicators are difficult to use in solving social arithmetic problems in junior high school. The subjects in the study were students at State Junior High School 1 Galur, with 91 students in the 2020/2021 school year as the sample. Student test results and documentation were used to collect the required data. The data analysis techniques used by Miles are: (a) the collection of data; (b) the reduction of data; (c) presentation of data; and (d) drawing conclusions. The results of the research and data analysis showed that the indicators of difficult items in solving social arithmetic problems in junior high school were the indicator questions number 2 (predicting the amount of profit), number 4 (counting the amount of loss), number 5 (determining the largest and smallest discount in the table), number 6 (summing up the discount percentage), number 7 (formulating and solving problems related to discounts), number 8 (calculation of the largest tax and smallest tax), number 9 (determining the amount of money that must be returned), and number 11 (calculating gross, net, and tare). After the analysis, according to the researcher, the students' difficulties did not lie in the indicators and questions given. However, it also comes from the lack of students' ability to read the meaning of the questions and the lack of accuracy in counting. In addition, it is also possible that students are also in a hurry to work on the problem and also guess the answers without counting them. Another possible factor is that students are not used to working on HOTS questions. There is a need for additional learning related to the social arithmetic chapter so that students can better understand the intended material concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various ways and strategies in solving a problem depend on the intelligence level of a person. Eight types of intelligences declared by Gardner, one of them is logical-mathematical intelligence. SOLO taxonomy can be used to analyze students' logical-mathematical intelligence in solving mathematical problems. It can be analyzed by deciding the logical-mathematical intelligence assessment indicators and the indicators of students' response levels, classifying students' development intelligence with the assessment of low interest, consistent growth, and high interest. In addition, the pre-structural, uni-structural, multi-structural, relational, and extended abstract levels have certain characteristics and indicators that can assess the response level of students' abilities. Domain in this study is the geometry which the topics are perimeter and area of quadrilaterals as one of the TIMSS assessments. The example problem to solve in topic is how to find the area and perimeter of quadrilateral at 8th grade students of Junior High School. As the result, the teacher can analyze students' logical-mathematical intelligence base on SOLO taxonomy with its categories. This is a literature review which aim to discuss how literatures might be used to analyze students' logical-mathematical intelligence in solving mathematical problems based on the SOLO taxonomy when needed in mapping logical-mathematical intelligence assessment indicators and indicators of students' response levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science learning is generally carried out in the classroom, but because this is an emergency period for the spread of COVID-19, learning is carried out remotely or online. Technology that has developed rapidly makes it easier for educators and students to interact virtually. One of the technologies in education that are widely used around the world is Edmodo. This study aims to determine student responses to Edmodo as an online science learning media. The subjects in this study were 8th-grade junior high school students in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Student's response data were obtained from a questionnaire containing a statement of agreeing/disagree accompanied by the reasons of the answer. The results of the questionnaire are then described in the results and discussion section. Based on the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the student's response to Edmodo as an online learning media as a whole is a positive response. Students get new experiences in the learning process that have never been obtained before. One of the obstacles experienced by students when using Edmodo as an online learning media is the limited knowledge of the language. Some features use English, for students who have poor English skills, this can be an obstacle during the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is included in the type of development research, which consists of a preliminary and formative evaluation stage. This study aims to develop PISA-type questions and question activities with a proper and practical smartphone context consisting of the initial design, self-evaluation, expert reviews, one-to-one, and small group. The emergence of this research is caused by the low numeracy skills of students in Indonesia. This study took a particular research subject for seventh-grade students of SMP in Palembang City. Analysis of the results of this study was carried out qualitatively based on data in the field obtained in the form of interviews, student observations, and documentation. From this study, the results were obtained in the form of PISA-type questions and activities with a valid and practical smartphone context to grow numeracy skills for seventh-grade junior high school students aged 12-13 years. In conclusion, PISA-type questions and activity questions with smartphone contexts are valid and practical so that they can use them for the learning process in the classroom to improve students' numeracy skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was encouraged by learning textbooks which became the part of the learning flow resulting in the occurrence of learning obstacles. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze epistemological obstacles to learning about the Relationship Between Angles concept in the textbooks. The analysis of epistemological obstacles was carried out through a diagnostic test on 9th grade students of SMP Negeri 34 Palembang. The method used in this study was a qualitative method. The results of the analysis of epistemological obstacles to students' difficulties in the material relationship between angles, namely the subchapter of the relationship of angles on two parallel lines. There are 40% of junior high school students who cannot value the size of a one-sided interior angle using the property of an angle if two parallel lines are cut by a transverse line. Similarly, students cannot determine the value of a unilateral external angle with a percentage of 40%. Based on the epistemological obstacle, the results of the analysis in the textbook show that the concept of the relationship between angles is complete, but there is no explanation of the magnitudes of straight angles, right angles and opposite angles. In addition, there is a discrepancy between the sample questions and the practice questions given and the lack of activity in the problem of the properties of lines and angles which results in students not being able to determine the solution to problems related to the relationship between angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiversity material is close to the lives of students. Hence the possibility of students having their own experience will be their initial knowledge on the material. In the Curriculum Merdeka, biodiversity material is taught in the odd semester of class X SMA. Therefore, to determine the preconceptions of students, a three tier test is given at the grade IX level of junior high school, specifically students who have not received the material on biodiversity. The purpose of this study was to develop a three-tier test that was used to determine the preconceptions of students. This research uses research and development method with 4D design which consists of define, design, develop and dissemination stages. The research sample used included 220 junior high school students determined by purposive sampling technique. There are 18 out of 36 items which are stated to have good validity and difficulty level. The developed three tier test was declared reliable with an average high category in the first trial of 5,201, the second trial of 3,853 and the third trial of 1,040. The quantitative and descriptive results of the use of a valid three tier test were found that the instrument could be used to measure students' preconceptions on biodiversity materials. The results of this study can be used as a reference for teacher to develop appropriate teaching materials and learning strategies for teaching biodiversity materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cartesian coordinates are the fundamental concept that students must grasp. This is due not only to the importance of Cartesian coordinates in graphics and learning, but also to their unwitting presence in everyday life. A system and approach that can help students understand Cartesian coordinates and their relation to everyday life have been chosen to help students understand Cartesian coordinates and their relation to everyday life through the Lesson Study for Learning Community system and the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education Approach (PMRI). Sharing and jumping tasks are the main components of the learning process at LSLC. The purpose of this study was to identify valid and practical characteristics of sharing tasks and jumping tasks in the context of Light Rail Transit, as well as to support learning Cartesian coordinates that junior high school students could understand. The development research method is used in design research. The evaluation process is divided into two stages: preliminary and formative (self-evaluation, expert evaluation, One-to-One, and small group). Data collection methods and techniques include observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of this study are valid and practical sharing and jumping tasks in Cartesian coordinates using the PMRI approach in the context of Light Rail Transit. This is evident from the validator's validation and the One-to-One in terms of the text's clarity and legibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop worked example-based learning tools as an effort to improve the representation ability of junior high school students. The subjects of this research were students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Talang Kelapa as many as 2 classes. This research is Research and Development (R&D) research. There are 5 stages in this research, namely (1) Analyzing the developed product, (2) Developing the initial product, (3) Expert validation and revision, (4) Small-scale field trial and product revision, and (5) Field trial large scale and final product. Worked example-based learning tools consist of lesson plans and teaching materials, where the lesson plans contain step-by-step activities with a worked example approach and also a textbook containing material, sample questions and exercises. This worked example approach emphasizes giving examples of questions and questions must be made at the same time, one page on the front of the paper, and parallel to each other and not much modification in the problem. This is to reduce the cognitive load of students. With this worked example, even low-ability students can do well on the questions. Based on the results of the study, several research conclusions were obtained, including the lesson plan based on the worked example which was developed valid according to expert appraisal with an average score of 3.40 and for textbooks based on the worked example 3.66 scale of 4. From the limited test, the results obtained that the ability test questions representation is also valid and reliable. The worked example-based learning tools developed was also practical with an average score of 3.92 on a scale of 4. And the average result of the mathematical representations value in the experimental class was better than the control class. This means that worked example-based learning tools are effective in improving students' mathematical representations abilities. In this way, worked example-based learning tools can be said to be valid, practical and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to produce numeracy questions based on the PISA framework assisted by e-learning that are valid and practical in the context of tourism during the pandemic and to determine the role of these questions in terms of their potential influence on junior high school students' mathematical numeracy abilities. This research uses a development research design which has 2 stages, namely preliminary and formative evaluation (self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one validation, small group, and field test). This research directs PGRI Palembang University students where to make their teaching materials for implementation at school. Participants in this research were 7th grade students who had different levels of abilities/skills. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by conducting observations, tests, interviews and document analysis. The research was carried out face to face and assisted by Elearning Sisfo, Edmodo, Flippbuilder, YouTube, Zoom and WhatsApp Group (WAG) so as to produce valid and practical PISA framework shape and space questions. Based on student responses, it can be said that the questions presented are included in the practical category because they can be completed quickly by students, can be understood well by students, and have the potential to influence students' mathematical numeracy abilities. Apart from that, there is a diversity of answers between one student and another according to the level of difficulty that is appropriate for that student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning during the Covid-19 pandemic took place online (on a network) for approximately 2 years, causing difficulties for students in learning, especially in geometry material. In learning geometry, spatial ability is needed. This is because, spatial ability is the ability to produce, maintain, retrieve and change visual images so that they are well structured. This study aims to determine the spatial ability of students after the covid-19 pandemic. The method used is descriptive quantitative research. The subjects in this study were junior high school students from several areaas as many as 50 people, namely from Pagedangan, Cilegon, Rambang Kuang, Pemulutan, Tungkal Jaya and Air Salek areas. Data collection techniques used tests and interviews. The results showed that there were 14% of students' spatial abilities in the high category, 50% of the students' spatial abilities in the medium category, and 36% of the students' spatial abilities in the low category. So that in the learning process, educators must repeat learning materials in the form of facts, concepts, principles and procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study came up due to Indonesian students' poor numeracy abilities. This study's purpose is to develop PISA-type questions using the LRT context. This study is design research without the type of development studies, which included the preliminary and formative evaluation self-evaluation, expert evaluations, and one-to-one and small group. This study began as a result of Indonesian student poor numeracy abilities. This study involved children aged 12-13 years. This investigation centered on a particular area of inquiry for seventh-grade SMP students in Palembang City. This study's findings were qualitatively analyzed using field data collected through interviews, student observations, and documentation. The conclusions of this study were translated into PISA-style questions with a reliable and helpful LRT context to improve the numeracy skills of junior high school student in the seventh grade. To enhance students' numeracy abilities, educators can employ PISA-style evaluation questions with LRT contexts because they are valid and valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is a research design with a qualitative descriptive type of research that aims to see students' critical reasoning abilities in relation to and function material using a Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting, Extending (CORE) model. Learning will be made by performing activities carried out in class. The activities made are also accompanied by student worksheets (LKPD) to support the learning process. The research subjects were students of class VIII.10 SMP Negeri 8 Palembang, while the focus of the study was 6 students with varying abilities, namely high, medium, and low which were selected based on the result of the tests carried out later. The research was carried out in three stages, namely: (1) the Preparation Stage; (2) The Implementation stage of teaching; and (3) The final stage is data analysis. This research was conducted by following the learning system in the school. Data is collected and will be analyzed qualitatively. The result shows the ability to students' critical reasoning abilities in relation to and function material using a Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting, Extending (CORE) model. The indicators that appear the most are indicators that interpret and analyze situations, and applications. Meanwhile, indicators that rarely appear are indicators that make decisions and explanations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to develop the critical thinking skills of junior high school students in the context of Palembang tourism using PISA-like mathematics problem, and the PMRI approach. This research took a special research subject for eighth grade junior high school students in the city of Palembang. The methodology of this research is a formative evaluation type of design research. The data were analyzed qualitatively through tests, interviews and observations. The results of the research on students' critical thinking skills in solving PISA type questions in the tourism context of Bait Al-Quran Al-Akbar Palembang have good critical thinking skills with a percentage of 71.42%. This research can teach students to think critically and introduce tourism and culture in Palembang at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop a valid and practice the development of PISA-Like Mathematics Problems and produce a potential effect on creative thinking skills of 7th grade junior high school students in solving the development of PISA-Like Mathematics Problems in the context of Palembang tourism. This research is type of qualitative research. The result of this research is the development of PISA-Like Mathematics Problems with the characteristics of creative thinking skills using Merdeka curriculum, which in the curriculum is related to number material. In content using Quantity content. In context using a social context, namely "Wisata Sungai Musi". In terms of difficulty level categorized as application level. To conclude, the development of PISA-Like Mathematics Problems can teach students to learn mathematics and at the same time introduce students to the culture and tourism of Palembang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When students are faced with mathematical problems that require students to represent the problem into mathematical expressions in the form of symbols, pictures, graphs or tables, students have difficulty solving these problems because of a lack of understanding of mathematical concepts. The ability of representation is not only influenced by academics but can be influenced by the use of learning media. One way to improve the ability to represent mathematical models by using ICT-based learning media Nearpod will make it easier for students to understand mathematics learning materials. Nearpod application that has many innovative and educational features to create interactive learning. So this study aims to describe the ability to represent mathematical models for the topic system of linear equation two variable class VIII using a mathematical modeling approach through ICT-based learning media. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research with research variables, namely the ability to represent mathematical models. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII.1 SMP Negeri 26 Palembang. Data collection was done by written method and interview. The results of this study indicate that the ability to represent the mathematical model of class VIII.1 students at SMP Negeri 26 Palembang is in the good category. By using mathematical modeling learning assisted by nearpod learning media, it can help students in solving mathematical problems that require mathematical model representation skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific literacy is one of the goals of science education, which is a description of the achievements of each country in science education. This research is motivated by the demands of science education for students in the world facing challenges in the globalization era of the 21st century. Scientific literacy skills are needed to compete globally. To determine the success of science learning at Srijaya Negara Palembang Junior High School, the researcher felt the need to analyze the scientific literacy skills of the Srijaya Negara Palembang Junior High School students. This study aims to explore the scientific literacy ability of physics material to determine the scientific literacy ability of the IX grade students of SMP Srijaya Negara Palembang. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, and the instrument used in this study is a multiple-choice test. The test used in this study used the 2015-2017 PISA instrument. For all students of class X at SMP Srijaya Negara Palembang, as many as 67 students took the test. The results of the study showed that scientific literacy based on Person Measure was 0.46 logit and represented the average score of all students who worked on the items, implying that the student's abilities were quite good compared to the difficulty level of the questions. Based on Cronbach's alpha value of 0.67, the category is sufficient, meaning that the interaction between respondents and items is adequate so that research data collection using the instrument can be trusted. Item reliability is 0.86, and the value of personal reliability is 0.65, which means that the quality of the items on the questions in the instrument has good reliability. The consistency of answers from students is weak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students' reasoning abilities are getting lower when the learning process is carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic because learning is only on one-way interaction caused by teachers having difficulty controlling students' affective abilities in thinking. This research is a type of R&D development research (Research and Development) carried out to produce products. The product developed is a blended learning method that will be applied to social studies subjects for human needs using the Mind Mapping Aksara Lontara application, adapted to the cultural environment of students who mostly speak Bugis. The validation of the Blended Learning Learning method assisted by the Mind Mapping Lontara script by two experts (expert validators) showed an average validation of the learning components with an average score of 7.75 (valid category) for expert validators. For the teacher and student books used in the study, a score of 95 (valid category) was obtained for expert validators—validation of the test instruments (pretest and posttest) with a 90 (valid category) score. The test results of the application of the development of the Blended Learning learning method with Mind Mapping Aksara Lontara through a limited test showed that the experimental class had an increase in learning of 42.6% with an effect size of 40.56%. This shows that applying the Blended Learning learning method with Mind Mapping can improve students' reasoning because students' conceptual understanding abilities are much improved compared to before, especially learning after the Covid-19 pandemic and can be used for wider tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of the research were i) to understand the student's misconceptions on factual dimension, ii) to know the student's misconceptions on conceptual dimension, and iii) to analyse the differences student's misconceptions between factual and conceptual dimension. The research used quantitative descriptive. The population in this research were all of the students in junior high school grade 7th which have accredited A in Tamalate district of Makassar. The data was collected by using Random Sampling Class. The sample were 253 students. The data analysis in this research by statistic descriptive. The instrument in this research was a multiple-choice test with 25 items using the three-tier test method with a choice of reasons using the certainly of response index (CRI). The results showed that i) the student's misconceptions on factual dimension is 54.62%, ii) the student's misconceptions on conceptual dimension is 63,18%, and iii) the misconception of the conceptual dimension is higher than the factual dimension with a comparison of 2.3 ˸ 2 and understanding the concept of the conceptual dimension is lower than the understanding of the concept of the factual dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The level of mastery of mathematics that has been obtained during learning can be reflected by the learning outcomes. The problem that occurs at Junior High School 43 Padang is the low mathematics outcomes of learning achieved by students. The use of interactive learning multimedia is the solution that is applied in this problem. This study aims to know differentiate between interactive multimedia-based learning and learning by conventional. This research uses the type of quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent posttest-only control group design. The research population are students of 8th grade of Junior High School 43 Padang, with VIII.1 as the class for experimental and VIII.3 as the class for control, the choosing by technique of purposive sampling. The research instrument that used in this research is essay questions form test of learning outcomes from mathematics. The research hypothesis is analyzed by t-test. P-value = 0.000 at significance level is obtained based on the data analysis result so that is rejected. Therefore, we got the conclusion that students who study using interactive learning multimedia obtain better learning outcomes by mathematics than students who study by learning with conventional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to produce learning instruments Blended Learning models that are valid, practice and effective in improving mathematical communication skills for 7th grade junior high school students. Learning instruments that were developed were Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), Learning Video, and Student Worksheet (LKPD) for 7th grade junior high school. This research is a development research with Plomp model which consists of three phases namely preliminary research, prototyping phase and assessment phase. The preliminary research phase aims to collect the data that is the basis of the characteristics of the developed learning instruments. In prototyping phase, researchers designed and evaluated the prototype by using formative evaluation steps. The subject of the field test in this study were 7th grade students at SMPIT AL-BINA Dharmasraya in the 2022/2023 academic year. The analysis results of validation sheets for RPP, Learning Video, and LKPD show that learning instruments that are developed are valid in terms of construct and term of content. The learning instruments developed are also practical in terms of feasibility and ease of use. This is based on the analysis of the results of questionnaires for students and learning implementation observation sheets. In addition, the learning instruments developed have also been effective in improving students' mathematical communication skills based on the data on the results of the mathematical communication skills test that has been implemented, which is 77.2% of students have obtained scores above the KKM determined by the school, that 75. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to develop teaching materials based on Android-assisted problem-based learning models to improve students' ability to solve mathematical problems in a way that is accurate, quick, and effective. This is motivated by the initial research's poor mathematical problem-solving skills among junior high school students. The research procedure is guided by the Plomp development design. The research phase, the development phase, or prototyping, and the early investigation phase make up Plomp's development model. This study found that learning mathematics experts evaluated the module aspect by 86.67 percent, language experts by 93.75 percent, and technology experts by 80 percent. So it receives an average score of 86.81 percent and very valid criteria. Students and teachers met the current criteria by passing the practicality test on teaching materials, averaging 86.78 percent. However, 86.78 percent of students who took the usability test for problem-based learning-based teaching materials did so by completing a series of problem-solving tests, indicating that Android-supported problem-based learning-based teaching materials have been successful. As a result, it can be concluded that teaching materials based on Android-assisted problem-based learning models to improve students' ability to solve mathematical problems are valid, instantaneous, and effective for class VIII SMPN 2 Bonjol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many researchers have researched the problem-solving process in learning mathematics. This study investigates students' strategies in solving mathematical problems related to number pattern material. Data were collected from the results of solving 2 number pattern problems given to 32 eighth-grade students in junior high school. Students selected to solve the problems given are students with high mathematical abilities based on the assessment of the mathematics teacher. The findings show four strategies they often apply during problem-solving: guess and test, make a list, look for a pattern, and draw a picture. The guess and test strategy are the most widely applied of the four strategies in solving number pattern problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indonesian government implemented an online learning system. WhatsApp is an application that is widely used by teachers in Banjarmasin as a means of communication in distance learning (PJJ). This study aims to describe students' learning motivation and ability to understand mathematical concepts in PJJ during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent posttest-only control group design type. The population of this study was the eighth-grade students of SMPN 13 Banjarmasin with the sampling was done using purposive and random sampling techniques. Data was obtained through documentation, tests, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was a significant difference in learning motivation between junior high school students who participated in learning mathematics with interactive books and students who took mathematics lessons without interactive books. The motivation of students who learn to use interactive books is higher. There is a significant difference in the ability to understand mathematical concepts between junior high school students who take mathematics lessons assisted by interactive books and students who take mathematics lessons without interactive books. The ability of students who use interactive books is higher. Thus, interactive books can be used as alternative teaching materials that can be used by teachers to motivate students to be actively involved in distance learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical evaluation skills are characteristics needed to live in the digital era 4.0. An era marked by the rapid development of technology, information, and communication that requires individuals to make the right decisions in solving problems. Evaluation is a thinking skill in making decisions based on facts/information. One aspect of evaluating ability is making claims. This study aims to improve students' skills in evaluating claims through a mathematical discourse learning approach. This research was conducted at a Junior High School in South Tangerang in the 2019/2020 Academic Year. This study is a quasi-experimental study with a randomized control group posttest-only design involving 23 experimental group students and 27 control group students selected by cluster random sampling technique. Data collection skills evaluate claims using tests. The results of the study revealed that the skills of evaluating the claims of students who were taught with a mathematical discourse approach were higher than students who were taught with a conventional approach. Claim evaluation skills include maintaining a distance between claims and evidence, making claims, and actively challenging claims. The conclusion of this study is that the intervention of the mathematical discourse learning approach is more effective in improving the skills of evaluating claims compared to the conventional approach (η2 = 0.249). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to create teaching materials in the form of an E-module on cubes and blocks for eighth-grade students of junior high schools that are valid, practical, and effective in the Malay Islamic context. The development research method was used, which consists of the preliminary stage (preparation and design stage) and the prototyping stage using the formative evaluation flow (self-evaluation, one-to-one, small group, field test). Walkthrough sheets, questionnaires, and tests were used to collect data. With 12 students, the research subjects were class VIII F students from SMP Negeri 51 Palembang. According to the study's findings, the research produced teaching materials in the form of E-modules based on the Malay Islamic context that was valid, practical, and effective for Grade VIII junior high school students. This is evidenced by the validator's assessment, which indicates that the E-module has a moderately valid category, as well as the results of the one-to-one stage trials, small group stage, and field test, all of which indicate that the E-module has a very practical category. The results of the one-on-one, small group, and field trials all indicate that the E-module is in the effective category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]