26 results on '"Stephan Niemann"'
Search Results
2. The 'CMT Rat': Peripheral Neuropathy and Dysmyelination Caused by Transgenic Overexpression of PMP22
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Ueli Suter, Moritz J. Rossner, Stephan Niemann, Hans-Michael Meinck, Helen Stewart, Klaus-Armin Nave, Michael W. Sereda, and Ian R. Griffiths
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General Neuroscience ,Transgene ,Schwann cell ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Myelin assembly ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Cell biology ,Cell membrane ,Myelin ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Peripheral neuropathy ,nervous system ,History and Philosophy of Science ,medicine ,Neuroscience ,Intracellular - Abstract
We have generated a transgenic rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) providing formal proof that this neuropathy can be caused by increased expression of peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22). Heterozygous PMP22-transgenic rats develop muscle weakness and gait abnormalities as well as reduced nerve conduction velocities and EMG abnormalities, which closely resemble recordings in patients with CMT1A. Dys- and demyelination, Schwann cell hypertrophy, and "onion bulb" formation are also similar to findings in humans. When bred to homozygosity, transgenic rats completely fail to elaborate myelin, but all myelin-forming Schwann cells segregate with axons in the normal one-to-one ratio. Although arrested at this "promyelin" stage, differentiation proceeds in homozygous rats at the molecular level, as demonstrated by high-level expression of myelin structural genes. Intracellular trafficking of the wild-type protein is not visibly impaired, even when strongly overexpressed, suggesting that PMP22 blocks myelin assembly in a late Golgi/cell membrane compartment of the affected Schwann cell.
- Published
- 2017
3. WNT3 and Tetra-Amelia
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Stephan Niemann
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Tetra-Amelia ,Art ,Medicinal chemistry ,media_common - Published
- 2016
4. A common haplotype within the PON1 promoter region is associated with sporadic ALS
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Anne-Marie Wills, Ting-Jan Cho, Peter C. Sapp, John Landers, Diane McKenna-Yasek, Jonathan D. Glass, Lijia Shi, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Frank P. Diekstra, Christopher Shaw, Stephan Niemann, Meraida Polak, Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva, Bryan J. Traynor, P. Nigel Leigh, and Robert H. Brown
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haplotypes ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Genotype ,SNP ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,Gene cluster ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Genetics ,biology ,Aryldialkylphosphatase ,case-control studies ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,Haplotype ,Paraoxonase ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,PON1 ,paraoxonase ,Isoenzymes ,Neurology ,Multigene Family ,biology.protein ,Original Article ,Neurology (clinical) ,Age of onset - Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder of upper and lower motor neurons. Genetic variants in the paraoxonase gene cluster have been associated with susceptibility to sporadic ALS. Because these studies have yielded conflicting results, we have further investigated this association in a larger data set. Twenty SNPs spanning the paraoxonase gene cluster were genotyped on a panel of 597 case and 692 control samples and tested for association with risk of sporadic ALS and with ALS sub-phenotypes. Our study revealed two SNPs, rs987539 and rs2074351, within the paraoxonase gene cluster that are associated with susceptibility to sporadic ALS (uncorrected p=6.47E-04 and 7.87E-04, respectively). None of the 20 SNPs displayed significant associations with age of onset, site of onset or disease survival. Using a sliding window approach, we have also identified a 5-SNP haplotype that is significantly associated with risk of sporadic ALS (p=2.75E-05). We conclude that a common haplotype within the PON1 promoter region is associated with susceptibility to sporadic ALS.
- Published
- 2008
5. Genetic ablation of NMDA receptor subunit NR3B in mouse reveals motoneuronal and nonmotoneuronal phenotypes
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Jeremy M. Shefner, Yasunori Hayashi, Michael Churchill, Roderick T. Bronson, Hiroaki Kanki, Robert H. Brown, Keizo Takao, Yasuyuki Fukui, Masahiro Fukaya, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Masahiko Watanabe, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Meri Hynynen, and Stephan Niemann
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Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,Somatic cell ,Genetic heterogeneity ,General Neuroscience ,Population ,NMDA receptor ,Gene targeting ,Genetic variability ,Biology ,education ,Receptor ,Null allele - Abstract
NR3B is a modulatory subunit of the NMDA receptor, abundantly expressed in both cranial and spinal somatic motoneurons and at lower levels in other regions of the brain as well. Recently, we found the human NR3B gene (GRIN3B) to be highly genetically heterogeneous, and that approximately 10% of the normal European-American population lacks NR3B due to homozygous occurrence of a null allele in the gene. Therefore, it is especially important to understand the phenotypic consequences of the genetic loss of NR3B in both humans and animal models. We here provide results of behavioral analysis of mice genetically lacking NR3B, which is an ideal animal model due to homogeneity in genetic and environmental background. The NR3B(-/-) mice are viable and fertile. Consistent with the expression of NR3B in somatic motoneurons, the NR3B(-/-) mice showed a moderate but significant impairment in motor learning or coordination, and decreased activity in their home cages. Remarkably, the NR3B(-/-) mice showed a highly increased social interaction with their familiar cage mates in their home cage but moderately increased anxiety-like behaviour and decreased social interaction in a novel environment, consistent with the inhibitory role of NR3B on the functions of NMDA receptors. This work is the first reporting of the functional significance of NR3B in vivo and may give insight into the contribution of genetic variability of NR3B in the phenotypic heterogeneity among human population.
- Published
- 2007
6. Analysis of a genetic defect in the TATA box of theSOD1 gene in a patient with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Stephan Niemann, Robert H. Brown, and Wendy J. Broom
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Male ,dbSNP ,Physiology ,TATA box ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,SOD1 ,Biology ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Superoxide Dismutase-1 ,Degenerative disease ,Physiology (medical) ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Humans ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Gene ,Family Health ,Genetics ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,Promoter ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,TATA Box ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
We report a patient with autosomal-dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a sequence variation in the SOD1 promoter region, located in the conserved TATA box motif (TATAAA→TGTAAA). Functional promoter studies of this variant in an in vitro system showed moderate reduction in transcriptional activity of SOD1. This variant was present in only two of 301 individuals with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, was not detected in 396 matched controls, and was recently reported in dbSNP (rs7277748). Our data suggest that this TATA box defect is not a disease-causing mutation or susceptibility factor for ALS but rather a rare polymorphism with a potential effect on SOD1 gene expression. Muscle Nerve, 2007
- Published
- 2007
7. SDHC mutations in hereditary paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma
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Christian Troidl, Stephan Niemann, and Ulrich Müller
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Genetics ,Cancer Research ,Hereditary Paraganglioma ,SDHB ,SDHA ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Pheochromocytoma ,Oncology ,Paraganglioma ,medicine ,SDHD ,Carcinogenesis ,Inner mitochondrial membrane ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Mutations in genes coding for three of the four components of mitochondrial complex II can cause paragangliomas (PGLs)/pheochromocytomas. The three genes include SDHB, -C, and -D. SDHC and SDHD anchor the catalytic subunits SDHA and -B of mitochondrial complex II in the inner mitochondrial membrane. SDHD is maternally imprinted but SDHB and -C are not. While SDHD and -- to a lesser degree -- SDHB mutations have been found in many cases of hereditary PGL, SDHC mutations are rare. This article reviews the SDHC mutations described to date and discusses possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis.
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- 2005
8. Specific sequence changes in multiple transcript system DYT3 are associated with X-linked dystonia parkinsonism
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Ulrich Müller, Dagmar Nolte, and Stephan Niemann
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Adult ,Male ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ,Genetic Linkage ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Exon ,Parkinsonian Disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Allele ,Gene ,Dystonia ,Genetics ,Chromosomes, Human, X ,Multidisciplinary ,Base Sequence ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Parkinsonism ,Haplotype ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,DNA ,Biological Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,Haplotypes ,Female - Abstract
X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) is an X-linked recessive adult onset movement disorder characterized by both dystonia and parkinsonism. We report delineation of the disease gene within a 300-kb interval of Xq13.1 by allelic association. Sequencing of this region in a patient revealed five disease-specific single-nucleotide changes (here referred to as DSC) and a 48-bp deletion unique to XDP. One of the DSCs is located within an exon of a not previously described multiple transcript system that is composed of at least 16 exons. There is a minimum of three different transcription start sites that encode four different transcripts. Two of these transcripts include distal portions of the TAF1 gene (TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 1) and are alternatively spliced. Three exons overlap with ING2 (a putative tumor suppressor) and with a homologue of CIS4 (cytokine-inducible SH2 protein 4), both of which are encoded by the opposite strand. Although all DSCs are located within this multiple transcript system, only DSC3 lies within an exon. This exon is used by all alternative transcripts making a pathogenic role of DSC3 in XDP likely. The multiple transcript system is therefore referred to as DYT3 (disease locus in XDP).
- Published
- 2003
9. Chromosomal translocation t(18;21)(q23;q22.1) indicates novel susceptibility loci for frontotemporal dementia with ALS
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Stephan Niemann, Burkhard Alber, Klaus Zang, Klaus Roemer, Thomas F. Meyer, Peter Heutink, Joern Dullinger, Johannes Prudlo, Hans-Hilger Ropers, Vera M. Kalscheuer, Thomas Martin, Albert C. Ludolph, and Helmut Sittinger
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Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ,SOD1 ,Chromosomal translocation ,Biology ,Translocation, Genetic ,Superoxide Dismutase-1 ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Gene silencing ,Dementia ,Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ,Gene ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Genetics ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,Brain ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Chromosome ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,nervous system diseases ,Blotting, Southern ,Neurology ,Karyotyping ,Neurology (clinical) ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ,Tomography, Emission-Computed ,Frontotemporal dementia - Abstract
A chromosomal translocation t(18;21)(q23;q22) is reported in a patient with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We exclude the physical involvement and silencing of the ALS-linked gene for copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) on chromosome 21q22.1. The breakpoints are assigned to sequences flanked by the markers ATA1H06, D18S462, D21S1915, and D21S1898. These critical regions may contain susceptibility loci for FTD associated with ALS.
- Published
- 2003
10. Uncoupling of Myelin Assembly and Schwann Cell Differentiation by Transgenic Overexpression of Peripheral Myelin Protein 22
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Klaus-Armin Nave, Stephan Niemann, Ueli Suter, Michael W. Sereda, and Ian R. Griffiths
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Male ,Glycosylation ,Proteolipid protein 1 ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Schwann cell ,Biology ,Endoplasmic Reticulum ,Myelin assembly ,Animals, Genetically Modified ,Myelin ,Nerve Fibers ,Peripheral myelin protein 22 ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,ARTICLE ,Myelin Sheath ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,General Neuroscience ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Homozygote ,Cell Differentiation ,Molecular biology ,Rats ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Bromodeoxyuridine ,Gene Expression Regulation ,nervous system ,RNA ,Schwann Cells ,Neurology (clinical) ,Schwann cell differentiation ,Neuroscience ,Myelin Proteins - Abstract
We have generated previously transgenic rats that overexpress peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in Schwann cells. In the nerves of these animals, Schwann cells have segregated with axons to the normal 1:1 ratio but remain arrested at the promyelinating stage, apparently unable to elaborate myelin sheaths. We have examined gene expression of these dysmyelinating Schwann cells using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. Unexpectedly, Schwann cell differentiation appears to proceed normally at the molecular level when monitored by the expression of mRNAs encoding major structural proteins of myelin. Furthermore, an aberrant coexpression of early and late Schwann cell markers was observed. PMP22 itself acquires complex glycosylation, suggesting that trafficking of the myelin protein through the endoplasmic reticulum is not significantly impaired. We suggest that PMP22, when overexpressed, accumulates in a late Golgi–cell membrane compartment and uncouples myelin assembly from the underlying program of Schwann cell differentiation.
- Published
- 2000
11. Assignment of PGL3 to chromosome 1 (q21-q23) in a family with autosomal dominant non-chromaffin paraganglioma
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Johannes Becker-Follmann, Stephan Niemann, Thomas F. Wienker, Franz Rüschendorf, André Reis, Gudrun Nürnberg, Nicole Sieweke, Ulrich Müller, Horst Traupe, and Monika Hügens-Penzel
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Genetics ,Gene mapping ,Genetic marker ,Genetic linkage ,Paraganglioma ,Haplotype ,medicine ,Genome Scan ,Chromosome ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
We performed a whole genome scan in a family with maternally transmitted paraganglioma (PGL3). The family included five patients with histologically proven paraganglioma and one patient with imaging findings consistent with a paraganglioma. In addition, there were 33 clinically unaffected family members. Of these eight could be examined by magnetic resonance imaging. Our investigations indicate that PGL3 is located in 1q21-q23 for several reasons: 1) two-point linkage analysis yielded the highest LOD score of 2.25 at 1q21-q23 (marker D1S2675); 2) haplotype analysis was most consistent for 1q21-q23 markers; and 3) the locus was excluded from more than 97% of the genome using a total of 381 highly polymorphic markers.
- Published
- 2000
12. Familial ALS in Germany: origin of the R115G SOD1 mutation by a founder effect
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Stephan Niemann, M Gleichmann, Reinhard Dengler, S Vielhaber, Thomas F. Meyer, H Joos, Ulrich Müller, and U Reuner
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Adult ,Male ,Genotype ,animal diseases ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,SOD1 ,Short Report ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,Exon ,Superoxide Dismutase-1 ,Germany ,Humans ,Missense mutation ,Allele ,Genotyping ,Aged ,Genetics ,Superoxide Dismutase ,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ,Haplotype ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Exons ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Middle Aged ,nervous system diseases ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,Surgery ,Neurology (clinical) ,Founder effect - Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) account for approximately 20% of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). In this study, sequence analysis of exons 1-5 of SOD1 in a large German cohort with FALS was performed. Among 75 affected patients, who were not obviously related probands with a positive family history, nine had missense mutations in SOD1. Four of the nine probands carry the same R115G mutation in exon 4 of the SOD1 gene. Genotyping with markers from the SOD1 locus revealed a common haplotype and shared allelic characteristics in these patients. These findings suggest that the R115G mutation in the German population originates from a common founder.
- Published
- 2004
13. Autosomal dominant malignant and catecholamine-producing paraganglioma caused by a splice donor site mutation in SDHC
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Peter Lohse, Dieter Engelhardt, Stephan Niemann, and Ulrich Müller
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Adult ,Biology ,Carotid Body Tumor ,Exon ,Catecholamines ,Splice Donor Site ,Paraganglioma ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Transversion ,Genetics (clinical) ,Genes, Dominant ,Intron ,Membrane Proteins ,Exons ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Molecular biology ,Introns ,Human genetics ,Succinate Dehydrogenase ,Mutation ,Mutation (genetic algorithm) ,Catecholamine ,Female ,RNA Splice Sites ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Mutations in SDHC cause autosomal dominant paraganglioma, type 3 (PGL3), and have to date been demonstrated in only one family. Here, we report on a novel mutation in a patient with a malignant, catecholamine-producing paraganglioma at the carotid bifurcation. The mutation is a G--T transversion at position +1 of intron 5 of the SDHC gene, leading to the deletion of exon 5 and a shift in the reading frame.
- Published
- 2003
14. Mutations in SDHC cause autosomal dominant paraganglioma, type 3
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Ulrich Müller and Stephan Niemann
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Male ,DNA, Complementary ,SDHB ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,SDHA ,Biology ,Paraganglioma ,Loss of heterozygosity ,Multienzyme Complexes ,Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Genes, Dominant ,Hereditary Paraganglioma ,Electron Transport Complex II ,Membrane Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Penetrance ,Mitochondria ,Pedigree ,Carney Triad ,Succinate Dehydrogenase ,Protein Subunits ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,Female ,SDHD ,Oxidoreductases - Abstract
Nonchromaffin paragangliomas (PGLs) are usually benign, neural-crest-derived, slow-growing tumours of parasympathetic ganglia. Between 10% and 50% of cases are familial and are transmitted as autosomal dominant traits with incomplete and age-dependent penetrance.
- Published
- 2000
15. An immunohistochemical procedure to detect patients with paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma with germline SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD gene mutations: a retrospective and prospective analysis
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Elly M C A de Bruyn, Rogier A. Oldenburg, Jean-Pierre Bayley, Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo, Anne van Linge, Ronald R. de Krijger, Paul Komminoth, Judith Favier, Esther Korpershoek, Aurel Perren, Despoina Alataki, Bart-Jeroen Petri, Laurence Amar, Francesco Ferraù, Eric Van Marck, Jacques W.M. Lenders, Hein F.B.M. Sleddens, José Gaal, Hilde Dannenberg, Pieter Derkx, Massimo Mannelli, Julie Rivière, Stephan Niemann, Jérôme Bertherat, Winand N.M. Dinjens, Mark-Paul F M Vrancken Peeters, Wouter W. de Herder, Cécile Badoual, Albert A.J. Verhofstad, Frédérique Tissier, Francien H van Nederveen, Jerney François, Karel Pacak, Patrick J. Pollard, Adriaan P. de Bruïne, Tchao Meatchi, Wim C. J. Hop, Eamonn R. Maher, Pathology, Clinical Genetics, Surgery, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, and University of Groningen
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Male ,Pathology ,endocrine system diseases ,SDHB ,FEATURES ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,SDHA ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,HYPOXIA ,MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY-CHAIN ,Gene mutation ,DISEASE ,Paraganglioma ,MALIGNANT PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAS ,Medicine ,Child ,Cardiovascular diseases [NCEBP 14] ,Syndrome ,Middle Aged ,Immunohistochemistry ,Succinate Dehydrogenase ,Mitochondrial respiratory chain ,Oncology ,Female ,Carney Stratakis syndrome ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system ,Adolescent ,Blotting, Western ,Pheochromocytoma ,Article ,Young Adult ,Germline mutation ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY ,Humans ,Germ-Line Mutation ,Aged ,COMPLEX-II ,SUCCINATE ,business.industry ,Membrane Proteins ,LINE MUTATIONS ,medicine.disease ,UPDATE ,Human medicine ,SDHD ,business - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 80017.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas are neuro-endocrine tumours that occur sporadically and in several hereditary tumour syndromes, including the phaeochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome. This syndrome is caused by germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB), C (SDHC), or D (SDHD) genes. Clinically, the phaeochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome is often unrecognised, although 10-30% of apparently sporadic phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas harbour germline SDH-gene mutations. Despite these figures, the screening of phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas for mutations in the SDH genes to detect phaeochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome is rarely done because of time and financial constraints. We investigated whether SDHB immunohistochemistry could effectively discriminate between SDH-related and non-SDH-related phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas in large retrospective and prospective tumour series. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for SDHB was done on 220 tumours. Two retrospective series of 175 phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas with known germline mutation status for phaeochromocytoma-susceptibility or paraganglioma-susceptibility genes were investigated. Additionally, a prospective series of 45 phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas was investigated for SDHB immunostaining followed by SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD mutation testing. FINDINGS: SDHB protein expression was absent in all 102 phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas with an SDHB, SDHC, or SDHD mutation, but was present in all 65 paraganglionic tumours related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, von Hippel-Lindau disease, and neurofibromatosis type 1. 47 (89%) of the 53 phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas with no syndromic germline mutation showed SDHB expression. The sensitivity and specificity of the SDHB immunohistochemistry to detect the presence of an SDH mutation in the prospective series were 100% (95% CI 87-100) and 84% (60-97), respectively. INTERPRETATION: Phaeochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome can be diagnosed reliably by an immunohistochemical procedure. SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD germline mutation testing is indicated only in patients with SDHB-negative tumours. SDHB immunohistochemistry on phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas could improve the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome. FUNDING: The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Dutch Cancer Society, Vanderes Foundation, Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, and a PHRC grant COMETE 3 for the COMETE network.
- Published
- 2009
16. DNA methylation markers predict outcome in node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy
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Achim Plum, Dimo Dietrich, Ralf Lesche, Frédérique Spyratos, Manfred Schmitt, Stephan Niemann, Oliver Hartmann, Katrin Welzel, Anne Fassbender, John W.M. Martens, Vincent Vuaroqueaux, Serenella Eppenberger-Castori, John A. Foekens, Sabine Maier, Nadia Harbeck, Florence Lerebours, and Medical Oncology
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Candidate gene ,Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ,Anthracycline ,Population ,Breast Neoplasms ,Biology ,Breast cancer ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Anthracyclines ,education ,Homeodomain Proteins ,education.field_of_study ,Proportional hazards model ,Methylation ,DNA Methylation ,Genes, erbB-2 ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Treatment Outcome ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ,Lymphatic Metastasis ,DNA methylation ,Cancer research ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Biomarkers ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Purpose: We have shown that DNA methylation of the PITX2 gene predicts risk of distant recurrence in steroid hormone receptor-positive, node-negative breast cancer. Here, we present results from a multicenter study investigating whether PITX2 and other candidate DNA methylation markers predict outcome in node-positive, estrogen receptor-positive, HER-2-negative breast cancer patients who received adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Using a microarray platform, we analyzed DNA methylation in regulatory regions of PITX2 and 60 additional candidate genes in 241 breast cancer specimens. Using Cox regression analysis, we assessed the predictive power of the individual marker/marker panel candidates. Clinical endpoints were time to distant metastasis, disease-free survival, and overall survival. A nested bootstrap/cross-validation strategy was applied to identify and validate marker panels. Results: DNA methylation of PITX2 and 14 other genes was correlated with clinical outcome. In multivariate models, each methylation marker added significant information to established clinical factors. A four-marker panel including PITX2, BMP4, FGF4, and C20orf55 was identified that resulted in improvement of outcome prediction compared with PITX2 alone. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence for the PITX2 biomarker, which has now been successfully confirmed to predict outcome among different breast cancer patient populations. We further identify new DNA methylation biomarkers, three of which can be combined into a panel with PITX2 to increase the outcome prediction performance in our anthracycline-treated primary breast cancer population. Our results show that a well-defined panel of DNA methylation markers enables outcome prediction in lymph node-positive, HER-2-negative breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
- Published
- 2009
17. Genetic ablation of NMDA receptor subunit NR3B in mouse reveals motoneuronal and nonmotoneuronal phenotypes
- Author
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Stephan, Niemann, Hiroaki, Kanki, Yasuyuki, Fukui, Keizo, Takao, Masahiro, Fukaya, Meri N, Hynynen, Michael J, Churchill, Jeremy M, Shefner, Roderick T, Bronson, Robert H, Brown, Masahiko, Watanabe, Tsuyoshi, Miyakawa, Shigeyoshi, Itohara, and Yasunori, Hayashi
- Subjects
Emotions ,Genetic Vectors ,Cell Count ,Anxiety ,Motor Activity ,Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ,Mice ,Conditioning, Psychological ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Animals ,Learning ,Interpersonal Relations ,Maze Learning ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Postural Balance ,In Situ Hybridization ,Mice, Knockout ,Motor Neurons ,Neurons ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Fear ,Immunohistochemistry ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Phenotype ,Cues ,Spinal Nerve Roots ,Psychomotor Performance - Abstract
NR3B is a modulatory subunit of the NMDA receptor, abundantly expressed in both cranial and spinal somatic motoneurons and at lower levels in other regions of the brain as well. Recently, we found the human NR3B gene (GRIN3B) to be highly genetically heterogeneous, and that approximately 10% of the normal European-American population lacks NR3B due to homozygous occurrence of a null allele in the gene. Therefore, it is especially important to understand the phenotypic consequences of the genetic loss of NR3B in both humans and animal models. We here provide results of behavioral analysis of mice genetically lacking NR3B, which is an ideal animal model due to homogeneity in genetic and environmental background. The NR3B(-/-) mice are viable and fertile. Consistent with the expression of NR3B in somatic motoneurons, the NR3B(-/-) mice showed a moderate but significant impairment in motor learning or coordination, and decreased activity in their home cages. Remarkably, the NR3B(-/-) mice showed a highly increased social interaction with their familiar cage mates in their home cage but moderately increased anxiety-like behaviour and decreased social interaction in a novel environment, consistent with the inhibitory role of NR3B on the functions of NMDA receptors. This work is the first reporting of the functional significance of NR3B in vivo and may give insight into the contribution of genetic variability of NR3B in the phenotypic heterogeneity among human population.
- Published
- 2007
18. Identification of shyc, a novel gene expressed in the murine developing and adult nervous system
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Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer, Birgitta Schinke, Stephan Niemann, and Frank Köster
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Nervous system ,Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Central nervous system ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,Embryonal carcinoma ,Mice ,Complementary DNA ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,In Situ Hybridization ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Brain Chemistry ,cDNA library ,General Neuroscience ,Age Factors ,Brain ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,medicine.disease ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,P19 cell ,Immunology ,Neoplastic Stem Cells - Abstract
The embryonal carcinoma cell line P19 responds to treatment with retinoid acid by differentiation into neuronal cell types [2]. Using radioactively labeled cDNA derived from differentiating P19 cells we screened an adult mouse brain cDNA library and isolated a gene named shyc for selective hybridizing clone. The encoded protein did not reveal homology to any known protein. We used in situ hybridization on mouse embryonic and adult brain sections to study shyc expression. The developing and embryonic nervous system showed the most prominent hybridization signals. In the adult brain the olfactory pathway was marked by shyc expression.
- Published
- 1998
19. Phenotypic and Molecular Analyses of X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism ('Lubag') in Women
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Ulrich Müller, Dagmar Nolte, Mezzanie C. Mayo, Filipinas F. Natividad, Joel Advincula, Stephan Niemann, and Virgilio Gerald H. Evidente
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Neurological disorder ,X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism ,Parkinsonian Disorders ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Dystonia ,Parkinsonism ,Genetic Diseases, X-Linked ,Chorea ,Middle Aged ,Focal dystonia ,medicine.disease ,nervous system diseases ,Surgery ,Phenotype ,Haplotypes ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Age of onset ,Psychology ,Myoclonus - Abstract
Background X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) or “lubag” is an X-linked recessive disorder that afflicts Filipino men, and rarely, women. Genetic confirmation is performed through haplotyping or detection of disease-specific changes in the DYT3 gene. Objective To describe the phenotypes and molecular data of 8 symptomatic female patients with XDP from 5 kindreds. Methods Case series. Results The average age of onset of symptoms was 52 years (range, 26-75 years). Six of 8 patients had parkinsonism, whereas only 1 had dystonia. The initial symptom was focal tremor or parkinsonism in 4, chorea in 3, and focal dystonia (cervical) in 1. Seven of 8 patients had slow or no progression of their symptoms and required no treatment. The patient with disabling parkinsonism was responsive to carbidopa/levodopa. Seven were heterozygous for the XDP haplotype, whereas 1 was homozygous. Conclusions The phenotypes of female patients with XDP may include parkinsonism, dystonia, myoclonus, tremor, and chorea. The dystonia, if present, is mild and usually nonprogressive. Similar to men with XDP, parkinsonism is a frequent symptom in women. In contrast to men, affected women have a more benign phenotype, older age of onset, and milder course. Extreme X-inactivation mosaic may be a cause of symptoms in women with XDP, but a homozygously affected woman has also been observed.
- Published
- 2004
20. SDHC mutations in hereditary paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma
- Author
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Ulrich, Müller, Christian, Troidl, and Stephan, Niemann
- Subjects
Paraganglioma ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ,Humans ,Membrane Proteins ,Pheochromocytoma - Abstract
Mutations in genes coding for three of the four components of mitochondrial complex II can cause paragangliomas (PGLs)/pheochromocytomas. The three genes include SDHB, -C, and -D. SDHC and SDHD anchor the catalytic subunits SDHA and -B of mitochondrial complex II in the inner mitochondrial membrane. SDHD is maternally imprinted but SDHB and -C are not. While SDHD and -- to a lesser degree -- SDHB mutations have been found in many cases of hereditary PGL, SDHC mutations are rare. This article reviews the SDHC mutations described to date and discusses possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis.
- Published
- 2004
21. ACRC codes for a novel nuclear protein with unusual acidic repeat tract and maps to DYT3 (dystonia parkinsonism) critical interval in xq13.1
- Author
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Dagmar Nolte, Juliane Ramser, Ralf Sudbrak, Hans Lehrach, Ulrich Müller, and Stephan Niemann
- Subjects
X Chromosome ,Amino Acids, Acidic ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Exon ,Parkinsonian Disorders ,Genetics ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Nuclear protein ,Cloning, Molecular ,Gene ,Peptide sequence ,Genetics (clinical) ,X chromosome ,DNA Primers ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,Base Sequence ,Intron ,Nuclear Proteins ,Dystonia ,Mutation testing - Abstract
We searched for novel genes as candidates of X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP) in the critical interval of Xq13.1 that harbors the disease locus (DYT3). A gene, ACRC (acidic repeat containing), was discovered by a combination of in silico and "wet" experiments. ACRC is composed of at least 12 exons and 11 introns. It is expressed in all tissues tested, including skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, pancreas, heart, lung, and brain. Highest levels of expression are found in skeletal muscle. The ACRC protein is characterized by a previously undescribed acidic repeat tract of 21 units of 8–10 amino acids. The N-terminal portion of the protein is highly acidic (pI=3.2), and the C-terminal region is basic (pI=10.2). There are nuclear localization signals in its C-terminal portion. Extensive mutation analysis of the transcribed region of the gene, including intron-exon boundaries and the 5' and 3' untranslated intervals, did not reveal a mutation in XDP patients. Exclusion of a mutation in the transcribed portion of this and all other known genes within the DYT3 critical interval suggests that XDP is most likely caused by a mutation in a regulatory region of a gene within the critical interval, or by a structural rearrangement.
- Published
- 2001
22. PGL3, a third, not maternally imprinted locus in autosomal dominant paraganglioma
- Author
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Stephan Niemann, Ulrich Müller, and Daniela Steinberger
- Subjects
Genetic Markers ,Male ,Genetic Linkage ,Locus (genetics) ,Biology ,Paraganglioma ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Genomic Imprinting ,Genetic linkage ,Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms ,Germany ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetics (clinical) ,Aged ,DNA Primers ,Family Health ,Hereditary Paraganglioma ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ,Ganglia, Parasympathetic ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Human genetics ,Glomus tumor ,Pedigree ,Genetic marker ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Female ,Genomic imprinting - Abstract
Paragangliomas (glomus tumors) are slowly growing, mostly benign tumors of the parasympathetic ganglia which most frequently occur in the head and neck region. Between 10% and 50% of cases are familial and follow an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The trait is maternally imprinted and exclusively transmitted through the paternal line. To date, two loci have been implicated in this disorder: one at 11q23 (PGL1), the other one at 11q13 (PGL2). We have analyzed a large German family with hereditary paraganglioma, but no evidence of maternal imprinting. By linkage analysis with markers flanking both PGL1 and PGL2, we demonstrate that the trait does not segregate with either of the loci at 11q. Our findings show that a third locus, PGL3, can be involved in hereditary paraganglioma.
- Published
- 1999
23. Refined linkage disequilibrium and physical mapping of the gene locus for X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT3)
- Author
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Usha Peters, Elena G. Bochukova, Ulrich Müller, Andrea H. Németh, Eimear Dunne, Julie Brown, Elaine R. Levy, Roger D. Cox, Dagmar Nolte, Anthony P. Monaco, Markus Kostrzewa, Stephan Niemann, Hans-Hilger Ropers, Eileen Fraser, and Robin Butler
- Subjects
Genetic Markers ,Linkage disequilibrium ,X Chromosome ,Genetic Linkage ,X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism ,Biology ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,Contig Mapping ,Gene mapping ,Parkinsonian Disorders ,Genetics ,Humans ,Gene ,X chromosome ,Expressed Sequence Tags ,Contig ,Haplotype ,food and beverages ,Chromosome Mapping ,Syndrome ,Cosmids ,Physical Chromosome Mapping ,Dystonia ,Tandem Repeat Sequences ,Cosmid - Abstract
X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a recessive disorder characterized by generalized dystonia with some patients exhibiting parkinsonism. The disease gene, DYT3, is located between DXS453 (DXS993) and DXS559, and strongest linkage disequilibrium is found distal to DXS7117 and proximal to DXS559. We have isolated and analyzed four novel polymorphic markers between DXS7117 and DXS559 and, by haplotype analysis, have narrowed the candidate interval to
- Published
- 1999
24. Evidence against altered forms of MAG in the dysmyelinated mouse mutant claw paw
- Author
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Stephan Niemann, Richard L. Sidman, and Klaus-Armin Nave
- Subjects
Hoof and Claw ,Proteolipid protein 1 ,Databases, Factual ,Genetic Linkage ,Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase ,Schwann cell ,Gene targeting ,Biology ,Glucose phosphate ,Null allele ,Molecular biology ,Isoenzymes ,Myelin ,Exon ,Mice ,Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Immunology ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Axon ,Demyelinating Diseases ,Gene Library - Abstract
In the mammalian nervous system, the formation of myelin byglial cells enables a rapid saltatory impulse conduction. Myelina-tion depends on the coordinated expression of myelin-specificstructural proteins, based on interactions of axons with oligoden-drocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells inthe peripheral nervous system (PNS). Mice with defects in myelinassembly comprise a large and genetically heterogeneous group ofspontaneous mutants (Nave 1994), which also serve as models forhuman neurological diseases (Snipes and Suter 1995). Several my-elin-deficient mice carry defects in genes yet unidentified.The murine autosomal mutation claw paw (genotype clp/clp)produces abnormalities of limb posture associated with a myelina-tion disorder of the peripheral nervous system, but not the centralnervous system (Henry et al. 1991). Peripheral nerve myelinationis greatly delayed, and the failure to myelinate results in the per-sistence of promyelin Schwann cell/axon units, involving predomi-nantly small-caliber fibers. The clinical abnormalities, which areobvious within 2 days after birth, include abnormally flexed andextended joints, most obvious in the forelimbs. In human, congen-ital joint contractures (arthrogryposis) may be a presenting featureof congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy (Boylan et al. 1992)and have been associated with mutations in the gene for the majorperipheral myelin protein P0 (Warner et al. 1996). Unlike patientswith arthrogryposis, however, clp/clp mice display nonfixed ab-normal limb postures in early life. Very severely affected mutantsdie within 2–3 days after birth, but those that survive the firstseveral weeks have a normal life span. The claw paw gene, whichis molecularly undefined, has been mapped by linkage analysisclose to the glucose phosphate isomerase-1 locus (Gpi-1)onmouse Chromosome (Chr) 7 (Henry et al. 1991).Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a myelin-specificcell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin super-family ofmembrane proteins (Arquint et al. 1987; Lai et al. 1987). Themurine Mag gene has been mapped to mouse Chr (Barton et al.1987) where it is also closely linked to the Gpi-1locus. The MAGprotein is a minor constituent of CNS and PNS myelin, and itsdistribution at the glial-axonal interface suggests a specific role inthe early steps of axonal recognition and myelin formation.In myelinating glia, two MAG isoforms (termed S-MAG andL-MAG) are generated by alternative RNA splicing of exon 12,which carries an in-frame termination codon (Lai et al. 1987). Theresulting MAG-mRNAs encode a 67-kDa (S-MAG) and a 72-kDaisoform (L-MAG), which differ by the length of their carboxyltermini (Milner et al. 1990). In the rodent brain, these two MAGisoforms are developmentally regulated, with L-MAG being themajor neonatal form. In the peripheral nervous system, S-MAG isthe major form at all developmental stages.In an attempt to demonstrate the function of MAG in vivo, anull allele of the Mag gene has been created by gene targeting(Montag et al. 1994; Li et al. 1994). Surprisingly, MAG-deficientmouse mutants displayed no obvious developmental defects, ex-cept for subtle ultrastructural abnormalities of myelin, in markedcontrast to the dysmyelinated phenotype of claw paw, which isthus highly unlikely to be a functional Mag null allele. It remainsunknown which myelin proteins are able to compensate for theabsence of MAG in this null allele. In contrast, transgenic over-expression of the murine Mag gene may not be tolerated (M.Klugmann, A. Schneider, D. Montag, and K.-A. Nave, unpub-lished observation). However, even in mice with 8–10 transgeniccopies of the wild-type MAG gene, neurological deficits are rela-tively subtle and the clinical phenotype is transient and differentfrom that of claw paw mice. Nevertheless, MAG overexpression inmice suggested to us that alterations of this protein may result inaberrant gain-of-function effects. A well-documented example thatmissense mutations can underlie a severe dysmyelination (whereasthe complete deletion of the same gene is compatible with myelinassembly) is provided by the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene, en-coding the major component of CNS myelin (Klugmann et al.1997). Given the close linkage between Mag and clp (see below),Mag qualified as a candidate gene for the claw paw mutation:alterations of the MAG coding sequence could, for example, exerta misfolded protein with dominant-negative effects on other mem-brane proteins, yet without having the full penetrance of an auto-somal-dominant mutation. In fact, heterozygous claw paw miceare viable, but some myelin abnormalities have been described(Henry et al. 1991).A search of all linkage data available from the Mouse GenomeDatabase (Jackson Laboratory), comprising a total of 332 mice,did not show any recombination between Mag and Gpi-1(Rudert1992; Saunders 1990; Tong 1993; Fig. 1A). Since clp is alsoclosely linked to Gpi-1(Henry et al. 1991), the physical proximityof Mag and clp can be inferred. To test directly the possible in-volvement of MAG in the claw paw defect, we determined thecDNA-sequence of both MAG-isoforms in mice homozygous forthe clp mutation. Assuming that peripheral and central MAG pro-teins are molecularly indistinguishable, cDNA was reverse-transcribed from total brain RNA of a visibly affected mutant andan age-matched wild-type control. In independent amplifications,which followed standard procedures, three overlapping fragmentsof the MAG cDNA were generated, including 47 bp at the 58 endand 14 bp at the 38 end of the open reading frame (Fujita et al.1989), with different primer pairs corresponding to the knownexon sequences (Fig 1B). The PCR-generated products had theexpected sizes of 433 bp (with primer pair E3-AS6), 394 bp(primer pair S6-AS8), and 980 bp (primer pairS8-E13). RT-PCR
- Published
- 1998
25. Head-activator and the neuroectodermal differentiation of P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells
- Author
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Stephan Niemann and H. Chica Schaller
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Ratón ,Retinoic acid ,Neuropeptide ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Tretinoin ,Biology ,Calcium in biology ,Embryonal carcinoma ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Activator (genetics) ,General Neuroscience ,Neuropeptides ,Cell Differentiation ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,In vitro ,Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid ,Endocrinology ,P19 cell ,chemistry ,embryonic structures ,Calcium ,Cell Division - Abstract
P19 embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate into neuroectodermal derivates upon aggregation and treatment with retinoic acid (RA). Such RA-induced P19 cells, concomitant with neuronal differentiation, produce the neuropeptide head activator (HA) and release HA into the culture medium. The amount of HA produced by such differentiating P19 cells is more than 100-fold higher than that of uninduced P19 cells. RA-induced P19 cells respond to HA treatment with a two-fold increase in total number of neuronally differentiating P19 progeny. As early response to HA, an increase in intracellular calcium concentration is observed.
- Published
- 1996
26. Paraganglioma Syndrome and Mutations of the SDHC Gene
- Author
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Stephan Niemann
- Subjects
Genetics ,business.industry ,Paraganglioma ,Medicine ,Sdhc gene ,General Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2006
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