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Intellectual capital is imperative for Islamic banks given their unique characterisctiscs in that they offer innovative Shariah-based solutions to the modern financial problems. This study therefore examined the influence of corporate goverance on intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) practices of Islamic banks. Data from a sample of 33 Islamic banks for the period 2012 to 2018 were collected. A self-developed ICD checklist was used to measure the extent of IC information disclosed in the annual report. This paper also examines the relationship between ICD practices and several corporate governance components which includes board size, board meeting, board independence, board gender, board expertise, audit committee size, audit committee meeting, audit committee independence, audit committee gender and audit committee expertise. Our results revealed that having an effective corporate governance structure is essential, as it is able to influence the ICD practices of Islamic banks. However, instead of focusing on the role of the board, our paper highlights the importance role of audit committee functions. Specifically, the results suggest that larger or reasonable audit committee size tends to have varied skills and expertise among the audit committee members, resulting in more information by allowing for greater diversity of backgrounds and viewpoints. Gender diversity in audit members' profiles will also encourage the board to be more effective and creative in generating innovative ideas, hence more IC will be created. This study adds to the empirical studies on corporate governance from Islamic banks' perspectives covering several countries. It also introduce the Shariah capital, as one of components in the IC index to respond to the peculiarities of Islamic on intellectual capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the phenomenon of adolescent self-harming behaviour. Cases of adolescent self-harming behaviour do exist, and the number is increasing every year along with the report of mental health problems among children and adolescents issued by the Malaysian Ministry of Health through the National Health and Morbidity Survey Statistics report. This phenomenon needs to be given due attention by all parties, especially guidance and counselling teachers in schools so that the National Education Philosophy can be achieved and produce students who have good mental health and a healthy mindset. Therefore, this paper was produced in order to help guidance and counselling teachers as well as those who want to understand further the phenomenon of self-harming. paper also discusses the behaviour of teenagers who injure themselves and among the factors that are the cause of teenagers self-harming which is often associated with various psychiatric symptoms such as depressive symptoms, anxiety disorders, family factors and bereavement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate response by countries worldwide to curb the spread of Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 was through the implementation of border lockdown, minimizing human movements. Malaysia launched Ops Benteng (Fortress Operation) via National Task Force (NTF) as the country faced high risk transmission through under-detected illegal movements of people across the land and maritime borders. Human trafficking and smuggling has been a great concern before the pandemic, and thus posing unprecedented challenge to the Malaysian border security agencies. This paper aims to analyze the role of security agencies involved in Ops Benteng, the extent of coordination and challenges faced by NTF while implementing the border control measures. The methods include structured interview with officials from Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), the Home Ministry (KDN), and the National Security Council (NSC). This studywill be the first in articulating duties and responsibilities, as well as cooperation between border control agencies and challenges faced in security governance structures. The author argues that the dilemma of compartmentalizing problems by the agencies working in silo and the bureaucratic hurdles that impede coordination efficiencies need to be addressed by all involved stakeholders and the implementation efficiency can be further enhanced by an integrated cooperation framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voters outside of Kelantan tends to vote for PAS compared to other political parties, even though they live in the Klang Valley. Fundamentally, the people in Klang Valley in the majority do not support PAS as the people in Kelantan. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the forms of political culture of voters outside of Kelantan which reside around Klang Valley. This research involved 403 Malay voters outside of Kelantan, aged 21 years old and above that reside at Klang Valley but still cast their vote at Kelantan. This research implemented the quantitative approach through the survey method which utilised the feedback forms. The respondents in this research were chosen through purposeful sampling method and snowball sampling method. The data for this research were analysed descriptively and through ANOVA test. The result of this research found that the political culture of voter outside of Kelantan is in the form of subjectivity. This subjective political culture refers to society accepting one sided output only without questioning what, why and how that matters happen. This shows that individual relationship with the political system is passive and behave obediently. This type of society does not questions much and accept the explanation from certain parties without investigating the authenticity of the information involved in the explanation. This type of society is usually hardcore supporters of a political party. The implication of this form of political culture cause the voters to become recklessly obedient, compliant and unable to make decisions rationally until they are considered to be in a captive state of mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Strait of Malacca is one of the busiest maritime Sea Lanes of Communications (SLOCs) in the world because of its importance in transporting goods. However, like any other straits, Strait of Malacca also do not escape from maritime criminal attack. As a Littoral States to Strait of Malacca, Malaysia and Indonesia have taking initiatives to improve the security in that area. This paper will attempt to explain the priorities and challenges of Malaysia and Indonesia to cooperate in the Strait of Malacca between 2016-2020. It has three objectives: namely 1) to identify maritime security threats in Strait of Malacca; 2) to analyse the priorities and challenges of the Malaysia-Indonesia maritime cooperation in the Strait of Malacca; 3) to recommend the potential of a new maritime cooperation between Malaysia-Indonesia in the Strait of Malacca. This study was based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from structured interviews involving informants in various professional fields that are directly involved in maritime security in the Strait of Malacca. Secondary data was collected from literature reviews based on scientific publications, theses, journal articles, and online material, such as newspaper articles. The findings of this study will show the types of maritime cooperations between Malaysia and Indonesia and the measures that taken by the authority to encounter the illegal activities that taken place in the Strait of Malacca for the future actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pleading is a set of facts detailing the plaintiff's cause of action or the defendant's defense. Pleading plays a huge role in identifying the issues or matters of a case. Pleadings are also crucial in informing the parties about the case they need to confront, subsequently preparing them to work out on the lawsuit. Comparison of laws in regard to pleadings between Malaysia and the United Kingdom is made because Malaysia refers a lot to United Kingdom cases involving civil procedure. The objective of this article is to discuss the issues that have arisen with respect to pleading and provide enlightenment on the differences between the law governing pleadings in Malaysia and the United Kingdom. The research of this article is conducted through doctrinal methods in which different legal sources from the chosen countries have been studied to achieve the purpose of this paper. Among the issues that have been identified are the time set for the closing of the pleadings, matters that need to be pleaded specifically and the striking out of pleadings on the grounds of abuse of process. The results of this study also aim to expose the reader to United Kingdom cases that have the potential to serve as a precedent for Malaysia as Malaysia still does not have cases that discuss certain issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Domestic violence has been a global phenomenon in society for ages. It is so complex and needs to be dealt with accordingly. This paper tries to discuss one of the findings from the overall, bigger study that was carried out to examine the issue of economic abuse and the financial well-being of victims of domestic violence. It attempts to explore the issues faced by victims of domestic violence from the perspective of practitioners who handle such cases. The data of this qualitative study was obtained during interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) conducted using thematic analysis. A total of fifteen staff members or practitioners in the Department of Social Welfare were asked to share their experiences in handling cases of domestic violence victims as well as financial conflicts and the economic well-being of abuse victims. The results of the study found that the issues of economic and financial abuse are focused on the issue of employment and source of income as well as the dependency of the perpetrator and the victim, the issue of the perpetrator’s negative lifestyle and the perpetrator’s control over the financial resources generated by the victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurs are often faced with challenges and obstacles in managing a business. Therefore, entrepreneurs must plan, manage, and implement business strategies efficiently and effectively. The Covid-19 pandemic has gravely wounded Malaysia’s economy. Small and medium enterprises (SME’s) are experiencing challenging times that led to income decline during the Movement Control Order (PKP) period implementation by the government, which resulted in business closures. This paper will discuss the challenges and issues faced by entrepreneurs during the period of PKP implemented by the government. Qualitative data collection methods were conducted through online and face to face interviews with ten (10) entrepreneurs in the state of Kedah. Additionally, data was collected using faceto-face interviews exploring the difficulties faced by entrepreneurs during this period of time. The narrative showcases that many small and medium enterprises (SME’s) are facing challenges and difficulties caused by the destruction of the Covid-19 wave. There are five main challenges and difficulties faced by small entrepreneurs during this period of time. These challenges and difficulties are categorized into five main categories which are marketing, management, production, product, and financial. Therefore, small and medium entrepreneurs’ capability in managing their businesses during a tough time depends on their resilience, especially in marketing and financial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli was a well-known ulama (scholar) in education as well as an important political figure. This paper discusses the political activities of Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli using a content analysis approach with historical methods. In addition, this paper also uses the creative minority theory developed by Toynbee that oppression always gives birth to a small group of creative minority. The findings in this study are that, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli as a politician, dealt with colonialism by taking a cooperative way which politically benefitted the Minangkabau community. During the Dutch colonial period, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli successfully established VIOS (Vereeniging Ittihadul Oelama Sumatra), the Tarbiah Islamiyah Association (PERTI), and stopped the Marriage Bill which was drafted by the Dutch colonialists from becoming law. During the Japanese occupation, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli formed the Minangkabau Islamic High Council (MITM), served as General Chair of the Assembly and successfully inspired youth to join the People’s Army. After independence, Sheikh Sulaiman al-Rasuli became chairman of the Constituent Assembly session in 1955 and was the highest advisor to the Tarbiyah Islamiyah Unity Party. He was also one of the founding figures of Lasykar Muslimin Indonesia (Lasymi), advisor to the Military Governor of Central Sumatra and Chairman of the MUSI Commission (All Indonesian Ulema Council) in Palembang in opposing communism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the ideas and thoughts of Malik Bennabi on the issue of civilization, especially the Islamic world. At the same time, this article will identify ideas that can be taken as lessons from the ‘post-al-Muwahhidun’ according to Malik Bennabi. Besides that, it also discusses the situation of Muslims after the fall of the caliphate of al-Muwahhidun which he referred to as colonisabilite who have lost ‘spirit’ and ‘idea’. This situation is described by Malik Bennabi as in a state of stagnation for a long time. This paper uses the method of content analysis through inductive and deductive forms from Malik Bennabi’s books as primary sources and other related documents. In addition, historical analysis was also conducted to strengthen the arguments and findings of the article. The study divides Malik Bennabi’s analysis of the issue of ‘civilization’ into four main lessons. First, the issue raised is that Muslims need to understand the current phase of Muslims in the context of the cycle of civilization, second; reconstructing the culture, third the importance of education, science and ideas and fourth Muslims need to respond to the call of religion. The issues raised are seen as significant and relevant to the development and situation of Muslims today. Together, it needs to be understood and internalised to regenerate the glory and strength of Islam as achieved in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses scholars’ views on Muhammad Natsir’s thoughts. He was one of the prominent political figures and thinkers since the colonial period in Indonesia. As an Indonesia nationalist and political-religious activist, he did not cooperate with the Dutch in pursuit of Indonesia’s independence. Research papers on Natsir’s thoughts and struggles are often penned by local scholars and political-religious writers from that country, including Malaysian authors. This research utilized qualitative approach by conducting analysis through the libraries in Indonesia and Malaysia. Most of the article reviews was conducted through academic study of and general reading on Natsir, especially by Mestika Zed, Deliar Noer and Nurcholis Madjid. Besides that, writing on Natsir’s thoughts and activism was also written by Malaysian scholars such as Anwar Ibrahim, Siddiq Fadhil, Fadhlullah Jamil and Sidek Baba. Hence, the findings of this article attempts to identify the views of these scholars on Natsir’s thoughts and struggles in the political-religious and Indonesian nationalism against the colonial power. This paper also discusses scholars’ views on the contradiction of his political thoughts with Sukarno. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies on the poetry of Sheikh Hamzah Fansuri are focused on religious and divine aspects, while the linguistic aspect has not been thoroughly explored by any scholars, especially those involving the Syair Dagang manuscript, leading to a noticeable gap in the research. This paper addresses relevant issues such as the identification of linguistic styles, manipulation of language, and the effectiveness resulting from such manipulation. This qualitative study employs literature review methods and content analysis of the manuscript Syair Dagang Adanya with catalogue number MSS 3160. The Stylistics Model by Henry Guntur Tarigan is used as the analytical framework, focusing on the comparative stylistic elements consisting of four forms, namely; (1) simile; (2) metaphor; (3) personification; and (4) anticipation. Comparative stylistic elements refer to the position of comparison and balance in poetry production. The analysis finds that Sheikh Hamzah Fansuri utilizes all four forms in his poetry. In addition to using existing similes, Sheikh Hamzah Fansuri creates new similes, introducing freshness and vigour, thereby producing additional meaning brought about by these variations. Metaphors are manipulated by placing ordinary language in a new context to enable the language to shed its usual meaning, align with new meanings, thus expanding the meaning of his poetry. The use of personification allows objects to create meaning, build atmosphere, convey messages, and expand the scope of the poetry to explore sensitive or forbidden issues. The application of the anticipation form can anticipate or predict something to broaden the scope of his poetry when presenting the realities of the present and future simultaneously, while conveying the message of his poetry. This systematic study is expected to contribute to scholarly research on the use of comparative stylistic elements in Syair Dagang Adanya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions in relation to the historical sphere in the North Borneo and Malay domain are still lacking without dealing with the aspect of piracy. In contrast to the piracy in the west, the history of piracy in this region is not only instigated by the economic and political purposes of the rulers, but also overshadowed by the sociocultural influences of the rulers, nobles, and society at that time. The Iranun, Balangingi, Bajau and Dayak Laut tribes have made a name for themselves in the history of piracy in North Borneo and the islands of Southeast Asia when they emerged as sea pirates as well as slave head-hunters who struck terror into the western sailors, traders, and administrators that they are deemed as pirates as well as criminals by the British in Malaya and North Borneo, the Spaniards in the Philippines, and the Dutch in Indonesia. In short, this paper aims to deal with the history of piracy in Tungku, North Borneo, a place that used to be the last base and centre of piracy and slave hunting activities during the Sultanate of Sulu era before it has ceased to operate during the time of the British North Borneo Company ruling North Borneo in their era administration (BNBC). This article is qualitative and historically themed. Materials and research resources were obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, National Archives of Sabah, Sabah State Public Library and others This article towards the reconstruction of the history of piracy in North Borneo from the domain of Malay history, besides solely looking at the western perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have examined social media's impact. Citations or analyses of social media influential networks involved in sponsored ads still need to be made available. There is little knowledge of articles in this area, and researchers need comprehensive information. This limits knowledge and citation, and journal selection guidelines. This study analyses academic research on social media's impact on sponsored ads using bibliometric citations and network analysis. The bibliometric analysis uses the PRISMA and VOSviewer to analyse WOS database articles. About 150 papers with 5115 citations examined social media influence in sponsored ads, peaking in 2020. Journal of Business Research, Leeflang, University of Groningen, and the US had the most citations. "Social media" and "social media marketing" is used most, while "influencer marketing" is used least. This study helps researchers and the journal's editorial board track authors' social media influence in sponsorship advertisement research. This study helped the publishing industry by revealing investigator journal selection trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main aims of the Sharīʿah (maqāṣid al-sharīʿah) is the protection of human life (hifz al-nafs). Advances in medical science have similar aims and have created technology to assist infertile couples to overcome their infertility. One of the technologies developed to further simplify this process is the ability to freeze excess embryos to be stored for long periods of time through cryopreservation. This technology allows infertile couples to use these embryos when they opt for treatment not only once but multiple times. Despite its benefits, the cryopreservation of embryos could bring about several legal issues. This study focuses on the legal status of cryopreserved embryos in two situations. The first is in the event of divorce between the parties and the second is in the event of death of one or both of the parties. The main concern in these two situations is does the couple have full authority to decide what happens to their embryos, even to the extent of allowing them to perish? Are cryopreserved embryos protected under the Sharīʿah? This paper analyzes the sanctity of human embryos within the Sharīʿah and legal frameworks in selected Muslim countries, with particular emphasis on issues of right to life and their potential legal repercussions on human society. In applying a comparative approach, this paper aims to shed light on the ethico-legal complexities surrounding cryopreserved human embryos under the Sharīʿah.

Purpose - The language load within mathematics test items can lead to inaccuracy in assessing Orang Asli pupils’ mathematical ability due to their struggle in comprehending the academic language. This study aims to determine the validity of using test accommodations in the form of oral academic language and oral native language when administering mathematics computation and word problem test items among the Orang Asli pupils. Methodology - By employing a quantitative approach, this study utilised random equivalent group design to examine the validity of using oral test accommodations among 334 Grade Four Orang Asli pupils. Three testlets were constructed and used in this study: written test in the academic language (WAL), oral test in the academic language (OAL), and oral test in the native language (ONL). The three testlets comprised Paper 1 and Paper 2, each consisting of 20 mathematics computation and 20-word problem test items, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse and examine if there were differences in the mathematics performance between the three groups of tests administered to the Orang Asli pupils. Findings - The results indicated that the test scores of the pupils on the oral tests were higher compared to the written test administered to the pupils for both mathematics computation and word problem items. For computation items, the pupils performed better in the OAL testlet, followed by the ONL testlet. On the other hand, the pupils obtained the highest test scores in the ONL testlet compared to the OAL testlet for word problem items. Furthermore, the results illustrate that there is a difference in the mathematics performance of the Orang Asli pupils between the oral tests in both languages and written tests in the academic language. Significant - This study clearly shows that language plays a prominent role in affecting the Orang Asli pupils’ mathematics performance. By utilising the oral test as a promising test accommodation, this measure could help address the language barrier faced by the Orang Asli pupils in mathematics testing.

Maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah is acknowledged as one of essential foundations in determining shariah rulings. However, some contemporary fatwās continue to be issued that disregard maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, while some groups have also misunderstood it leading to misapplication. This paper will analyze the methodology employed by classical Islamic scholars in establishing the concept and principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The analysis will compare the methods of determining maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah by Muslim scholars with current scientific research methods. This study utilizes the qualitative methodology by examining classical and modern scholarly writings. The collected data is analyzed thematically based on an inductive approach. Findings of this study demonstrate that formulating maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah concept and principles involves analyzing textual injunctions. The istiqrā’ inductive reasoning applied by Muslim scholars bears similarities with thematic analysis in modern qualitative research. Hence, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah represents the implicit objectives unifying diverse shariah rules. It holds greater epistemic certainty compared to individual scriptural proofs, being supported by multiple textual evidences across various domains of rulings. As the mafhūm(implicit meaning) of the Sharī‘ah corpus, maqāṣid guides ijtihād without compromising fundamental sharī‘ah tenets. Proper application of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah facilitates determining contemporary rulings that fulfill the objectives of sharī‘ah itself. This paper advocates grounding ijtihād and fatwās in maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah through holistic textual analysis. This enables addressing new challenges through appropriate sharī‘ah rulings while avoiding rigid legalism or unfettered rationalism.

This paper aims to evaluate the peculiarities of a mechanism utilised by the Indonesian government to conduct infrastructure development, that is, the government’s assignment of contracts to state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This mechanism differs from public procurement or public-private partnership. This paper raises three questions: (1) What are the advantages and disadvantages of employing government assignment of contracts to SOEs? (2) What should be done to prevent the disadvantages? and (3) What lessons can be learned by other countries from the Indonesian experience? This paper employs qualitative legal research. It starts by analysing public satisfaction and dissatisfaction as reflected in the news, literature and interviews. The legal causes of dissatisfaction which are basically the problematic regulations, are then analysed. Finally, the legal principles and legal concepts enshrined within the regulations are examined to seek legal solutions. The advantages of the government’s assignment of contracts to SOEs are to simplify the tender process and to enable the government to quickly provide infrastructure. Nonetheless, the private sector feels aggrieved because the regulations that dictate when a project may be contracted to an SOE are unclear, and public funding is predominantly circulated among the SOE groups. To address these problems, the government should adhere to the globally recognised principles of equality and accountability and the concepts of competitive neutrality and the right to development. The bittersweet Indonesian experiences maybe not only the refinement of the Indonesian law and policy, but also their use as food for thought for any country considering infrastructure development.

The laws in Malaysia uphold the rights of children to participate in family law proceedings, particularly in custody disputes. However, with regard to the practice of mediation (sulh) in child custody disputes, the specific legislation that highlights measures to obtain the views of children is still vague. This paper will discuss the practice of children’s participation during mediation (sulh) in child custody disputes. The study reported in this paper has also highlighted the challenges and the adequacy of legal provisions on the practice of children’s participation during mediation (sulh). The present qualitative study has adopted a library-based research method to collect information, data, and theories from selected materials, including journal articles, textbooks, statutes, and interview methods. It also discussed how children were engaged in court-directed mediation proceedings in the Syariah Court of Malaysia. It has also examined the practice of the Syariah court in accepting the voice of children in mediation regarding decision-making in child custody dispute cases. The examination focused on the relevant legislations and policies relating to children participating in mediation in the context of international legal provisions and Syariah laws. The paper further discussed the analysis of whether the rules and procedures in Malaysia are adequate to sustain children’s participation during mediation. The data were also gathered from interviews conducted with mediators or sulh officers. Finally, the study revealed that interviewing children during sulh sessions at the Syariah Court is common even though there are no clear regulations on the practice. It is suggested that a broader interpretation of the current legislation on the voice of children enables the legality of the practice of accepting children’s voices during the Majlis Sulh. Furthermore, it is recommended that a proper standard operating procedure (SOP) for obtaining children’s views during the mediation (sulh) process is also needed.

This paper discusses the theoretical influence of key audit matter and audit quality. This paper discusses a literature study method approach to explore the possible impact of key audit matters (KAMs) and audit quality. In particular, the authors believe implementing key audit matters can largely affect audit risk, going concern evaluation and audit response procedures, which in the end can influence on audit quality. Implementation of key audit matters in Indonesia began in 2022, audit firms are strongly advised to prepare better audit working papers and mitigate audit risks. This can help them consider matters that require the auditor's significant attention, which in turn is hoped can increase the flexibility and effectiveness of communication between auditees and auditors. In addition, the author recommends that regulators or audit oversight boards require the application of boards to apply key audit matters to all audit work, not just mandatory for listed companies. It is hoped that this rule will help audit companies work more carefully in dealing with audit risks, which appear to be positively related to audit quality. As far as the author knows, limited educational study has explored the possible influence of key audit matters (KAMs) on audit quality in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper reduces the research gap in the audit literature. On the other hand, this paper can be used as a foundation for developing research instruments (e.g., questionnaires, interviews, or content analysis) to grant empirical evidence.

The employment relationship is a contemporary concept compared to industrial relations. Moreover, employment relationships include employer-employee relations, institutions and power. Therefore, this study examines the literature that is in line with trends and developments from time to time about trade unions and the employment relationship. Besides, the literature on trade unions and employment relationships in the Malaysian language and scope of political science are still lacking. Thus, all papers related to the two topics including democracy was identified. This study considers both qualitative and quantitative research papers. The year limitation for this literature review is from 2001 to 2021 to see trends and developments on this topic in the last 20 years. Following on from that, this study finds that the factors of trade union membership, trade union density, organizing and recruiting, trade union challenges, union democracy, employer tactics, and the role of the State are discourses that are consistently discussed among scholars in various countries. This consistency suggests that the theme of trade unions is well established in the employment relationship literature because trade unions to this day remain seen as the most relevant actor in fighting for workers' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the reaction of members of the Malayan Communist Party towards the British administrators during the emergency in Malaya. The analysis focuses on the observation of the memoirs written by selected MCP members involved in the emergency in Malaya, 1948 - 1960. The objective of the research is to show the reaction of the members of the MCP through the guerrilla movement as well as the cooperation displayed by the masses throughout the 12 years of emergency. Hence, memoirs written by a number of selected members of the MCP such as Abdullah C.D., Suriani Abdullah, Chin Peng, Rashid Maidin, and Shamsiah Fakeh were used as the primary source of this discussion. Analyzing the memoirs of the selected members are important to identify the types of reaction displayed by the organization during the emergency as the memoirs holds the ability to clearly magnify the reactions discussed in this paper. The memoirs were observed, interpreted and arranged in a single chronology supported by objective argumentation and notes from the primary documents sourced from the archive. The archive sources were retrieved from the National Archive of Malaysia, The National Archive (TNA), London as well as National Archive of Singapore along with documents in the form of newspaper. The document consists of foreign offices files (FO 800), the colonial files (FCO 141) as well as the cabinet files of the British government (CAB). This paper therefore, conclude that memoirs of the selected MCP members has the ability to show the reactions of the MCP on the national state of emergency declared by the British administrators in order to present an objective historical discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to demonstrate another side of the history of secular education in the Malay States in the 1940s and 1950s. The focal point of this paper is on the discussions published in the Malay magazines and newspapers on the responsibility of the teachers to enhance methodology of their teachings. This is a library research and conducted based on qualitative approach. Information derived from the Malay magazines such as Majalah Guru, Panduan Raayat, Sahabat and Bintang Malaya. Besides that, secondary sources like books and articles had also consulted. Documents consulted demonstrate that teachers were required to have a charismatic personality and creative in their teachings. Governments paid special attention to the issues related to education and tried to eradicate illiteracy through radio broadcasting program. In summary, discussions on teaching methods and strategies as well as teachers' personality traits published in Malay periodicals in this period of study contain valuable information for those involved ineducational field today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Johor Sultanate emerged in the 16th century as the heir of the Malay Sultanate of Melaka. This paper examines the consolidation of Johor's authority from its founding up to the new era of politics and administration in the 18th century. The Johor Sultanate was one of the rising powers in the Malay World. To the Malays, the nexus, focal point, and execution of power began and end with the palace. This power encompasses not only politics and administration, but the socio-economic aspects as well. With this in mind, the objective of this paper is to discuss the extent of the Johor Sultanate's enduring presence from 1528 to the 18th century (in fact, even to the present), and also explain the significance of the 'sultan' as the pillar of Malay authority. The final objective is to assess how the Johor Sultanate became an influential Malay power among the competing regional and foreign powers for centuries. This paper uses the qualitative method based on historical discipline. Therefore, the library research method was used, with the author's exhaustive consultation of Malay manuscripts and authoritative secondary sources. This study found that overall, the political and administrative developments in the Johor Sultanate within the period in question saw many ups and downs. However, the sultanate endured as the symbol of Malay power from 1528 to the 18th century. The position of the 'sultan' as the pillar of Malay authority remained, even with conflicts of succession and dynastic changes. Therefore, the Johor Sultanate remained among the most influential powers in the Malay World, alongside their competition such as Aceh, Jambi, the Portuguese, the Dutch, and other political entities. This was achieved through an organised political and administrative system, as well as well-planned diplomatic relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses an Indonesian woman named Noer Nahar who struggled and sacrificed time and money to help her husband, Natsir achieve his ambition of developing a modern religious school known as the Pendis School (1932-1942) during the Dutch colonial era, specifically in Java. The article examines the role and character of a modern woman in the struggle to shape awareness in children and women in terms of education, nationalism and the emancipation of Indonesian women. According to Noer Nahar, the Indonesians were not only weak in general knowledge of the world, their religious knowledge too was not properly developed in the modern education system. Based on these problems, the main objective of this study is to analyze the role of Noer Nahar's struggles in establishing a modern religious school, known as the Pendis School in West Java. The question now is, did Noer Nahar's struggles to form such a school, succeed? The discussion in this paper is based on the analysis of various resources spanning from private letters, work papers and interviews, to the archival research method based study that analysed Dutch documents. This research employed materials and data from the National Archives of Indonesia, the National Library of Indonesia and the Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah of Indonesia. This paper traces Noer Nahar's struggle in developing a modern religious school despite not getting any support from the Dutch colonial regime. As a female teacher, she also fostered education through Indonesian nationalism to her students for the ultimate purpose of obtaining Indonesian independence. This writing highlights Indonesian women figures in the folds of history for public knowledge and awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This concept paper focuses on the challenges in healthcare volunteers by exploring the issues faced by Malaysia while conducting relief missions. This will help them to support and develop role plans to increase their preparedness in the field. This paper will explore the challenges faced by healthcare volunteers and their response to the COVID-19 crisis. The challenges of healthcare volunteers have tremendous increased when COVID-19 hit the world. The role of healthcare volunteers is undeniably important in the field and often said to be the backbone in humanitarian assistance especially to the government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). However, the development of healthcare volunteering activities is still insufficient and at an unsatisfactory level. There are cases which the volunteers still lack of experience, training and preparation when dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This issue can be seen clearly when the Malaysian government, through the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) urged for more healthcare volunteers to come forward to assist MOH against the COVID-19 pandemic issue. Healthcare volunteers tend to have the great potential to provide important and substantial support to governments and NGOs. This is hoped to be an inspiration to healthcare volunteers to help against the COVID-19 pandemic and to the social's well-being psychological and development of the community. In this concept paper, the author will explore the challenges in order to increase the preparedness of volunteers and their effectiveness in providing assistance to the community in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decoration is an essential element in the beauty of a building design. Most of the decorative elements found in building design are associated with the design concept and have implicit meaning. Therefore, the paper aims to identify a variety of ornaments found in Masjid Muhammadi Kota Bharu, Kelantan. In addition, this paper also aims to describe the Malays and Western ornament found in that mosque. The methodology used in this study is observation and interview. These observations were made at the Masjid Muhammadi, and interviews with two (2) field experts were conducted to obtain the information. This study found three types of ornaments, namely calligraphy, flora and geometric motifs, used in Masjid Muhammadi. These ornaments are located in four (4) different structures, namely the pillars of the building, the back of the building, the prayer hall and the front entrance of the building. Therefore, the design found in the Masjid Muhammadi shows one of the design identities in Malaysia. This study also uses semiotic theory to look at the symbols in the Masjid Muhammadi, which could assist in understanding the identity of the builders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will focus on hajj brokers, also known as Sheikh Haji. The hajj brokers system had existed for so long that it is said to be 'as old as the hajj itself'. They had become a part of the hajj sub-culture and tradition for the Muslims, especially Malays. This article aims to analyse the issues and challenges faced by hajj brokers during the sea travel period up until the establishment of Muassasah. The historical methodology is employed in this qualitative descriptive and analytical study. The study uses primary sources such as the Ordinance of the Straits Settlements (S.S)-1906-1907, files from the State Secretary Office and the Annual Hajj Reports. These documents are examined, interpreted, and organised to form objective arguments. The arguments are also supported by secondary sources. The study found that there were various issues related to the hajj brokers' service, resulting in numerous grievances. The issues include misconduct, neglect, and mistreatment of hajj pilgrims by the hajj brokers. At the same time, the hajj brokers also faced many challenges such as stiff competition among themselves, and changes in the rules and policies of the Saudi government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrity violations in RMP are not a new issue. Integrity violations continue to occur today, as evidenced by the high volume of Disciplinary Investigation Papers (KST) involving people in different roles within the RMP. The primary purpose of this research is to dissect the factors that endanger the RMP's members' honesty. An in-depth case study methodology was employed for this qualitative research. Purposive sampling is used as the methodology for collecting data in this study. The first set of sources consists of RMP members of varying ranks who identify as Junior Police Officers (PRP). To investigate the causes of dishonest behaviour and the degree to which employees understand the organization's code of ethics, RMP employees participated in a focus group discussion (FGD). Research information was gathered using a Semi-Structured Interview Protocol Form. The FGD data were analysed systematically using thematic analysis techniques based on the theme that emerged from the FGD. Based on the findings, members of the RMP have integrity violations due to misconduct and disciplinary issues. Team members on the RMP have a solid grasp of the importance of maintaining trust within an organisation. There are still cases of RMP members committing ethical violations like accepting bribes, not carefully accompanying the Accused (OKT), blackmailing the public, being deeply in debt, abusing drugs, and failing to record their daily work movements in a diary. Therefore, it is imperative that there be a legal and preventative mechanism in place to deal with the issue of violations of integrity. Based on the results of this research, it can help JIPS, RMP design an awareness campaign to encourage more integrity and ethical behaviour [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of heritage sites in Kedah began around the 1840s in the Bujang Valley until now. Various types of heritage sites especially archaeological sites are found around the Bujang Valley, particularly in Pengkalan Bujang, Sungai Mas and Sungai Batu. The definition of Bujang Valley includes the area from Sungai Sala in the North, Gunung Jerai, Sungai Merbok Valley and Sungai Muda to Cherok Tokkun. This situation contributes to the research on archaeotourism because it has a great impact on the local community and the country in particular. The research method used in this study are field research and library research. Field research was done by carrying out an observation in the area involved. Meanwhile, library research involved searching for primary sources by referring to excavation reports by the National Heritage Department as well as written reports found in the National Museum Library and some public universities. The research heritage sites involved sites that were frequently visited by both local and foreign tourists. The results of the study found that environmental factors play an important role in contributing to the increase in tourist arrivals that attract tourism interest in archaeotourism in the Bujang Valley. This paper explains the archaeotourism aspect that can be adapted through the discovery of Kedah heritage sites in the Bujang Valley and focuses at the environmental factors that contribute to the discovery of Kedah heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused impact on the survivability and performance of organizations. Some organizations were forced to stop their daily business operations and suffer losses to the point of having to reduce their workforce. Organizational performance and organisational profit was also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the affected sectors in Malaysia is the tourism sector such as the hotel industry. Based on the current scenario, this paper highlights the organization's strategy in maintaining the survivability of the organization during the Movement Control Order MCO. This study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing two (2) Human Resource Managers in the hospitality industry at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The results of this study shows that the Turnaround Strategy is an effective strategy, in re-stabilize the performance of the organization for the sake of its survivability. Among the measures taken by the organization is by implementing the Turnaround Strategy which consists of three (3) dimensions such as asset reduction, cost savings and revenue generation. The organization's actions effect the organization's performance from the aspects of communication, productivity and leadership in the organization. Previous studies by Mann & Byun (2017) and Santana et al. (2017) stated that Turnaround Strategies are effective in maintaining organizational survivability during the COVID-19 pandemic. This preliminary research requires theoretical aspects in perceiving the extent of the organization's direction in adopting the Turnaround Strategy, workforce reduction and its relationship with performance in an organization when dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Jardine Matheson & Co.'s (JM) response to the riots, strikes, and boycotts that the Chinese people, particularly the workers, engaged in from 1925 to 1926. The occurrence was widespread and lasted for a considerable amount of time. spreading from the south to other regions. The British were a prime target of protests, strikes, and boycotts. JM became one of the British companies that were immediately impacted by the disaster as a result. JM's business's shipping, port, and manufacturing sectors were severely disrupted and destroyed.JM suffered a large loss because of the riot's property damage. JM was also required to comply with the workers' requests for pay increases. To defend JM's position and business interests in China, JM reacted to the incident because of the circumstance. Therefore, qualitative research methods and library research were utilized to examine JM's response to episodes of riots, strikes, and boycotts that happened throughout the time covered by this paper. Primary sources for the study included letters, reports from the London Foreign Office (FO371), meeting materials and minutes from the JM Company, and British business organizations including the China Association. While secondary sources are the results of earlier research, including books and journals. Both sources were used in the creation of this article. The results of this study are expected to add to the corpus of additional knowledge in the study of modern Chinese history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies on Usman Awang's poetry are focused on themes, while those that touch on his language are not systematic, thus creating a significant gap in the study of his poems. With its objective to fill this gap and engage further interest in Usman Awang's language usage, this paper highlights relevant issues such as identification of language style, manipulation of language used, and the effectiveness of such manipulations. The analytical framework used is Henry Guntur Tarigan's Language Style Model particularly the four language forms related to comparison namely simile, metaphor, personification and anticipation. The analysis found that all four forms are present in Usman Awang's poems. He uses old similes and creates new ones to introduce unfamiliar elements that are forceful and refreshing in order to generate new meanings for his poems. His use of metaphors allows everyday language to shed its regular meanings and absorb new ones, thereby extending its semantic reach. His use of personifications allows objects to create meanings, develop atmosphere and convey messages, as well as explore sensitive or forbidden issues. He uses anticipation's property of foreshadowing and preceding to depict present and future realities simultaneously, thereby widening his poems' reach and forcefully convey his messages. The analysis also found that Usman Awang avails himself of Malay traditional heritage to enrich his poems although the latter are modern. This article's systematic study is expected to fill the gap and engage interest in scholarly works on Usman Awang's poetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in linguistic theory in the Minimalist Program have provided many solid basic frameworks for analyzing pronouns in the Mah Meri language, one of the Senoi group. The data analyzed in this paper is taken from fieldwork conducted at Kampung Bukit Bangkong, Selangor. The data was obtained by recording the conversations of respondents who spoke the Mah Meri language. Two research methods were used, the library method and the field method. The library method was used to collect information related to pronouns, and the field method was used to obtain data on the field area. The data collected was analyzed and analyzed using the Minimalist Program. The analysis process of such pronouns is divided into two parts, namely descriptive analysis and syntactic analysis. The descriptive analysis discusses the cases of pronouns of the language, while the syntactic analysis discusses the syntactic structure of Mah Meri pronouns based on descriptive analysis. The syntactic analysis uses a minimalist program framework to analyze the pronouns in the Mah Meri language. As a result of this analysis, a novel finding for an Austroasiatic language is that Mah Meri language pronouns can be divided into two parts, namely case-bearing and case-marked pronouns. Analysis of these pronouns displays differences in the words that follow and precede a noun. In addition, there are also similarities and differences in the classification between Mah Meri and Malay languages, although they are in different language groups and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

History records that intermarriage between Datu from the Sulu Island with Idahan women has occurred since the 17th century. The result of intermarriage between the two had given birth to heirs known as Kedatuan-Idahan. This paper discusses the history of Kedatuan and intermarriage in Sabah, which contributed to the strengthening of Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. This study involves data collection using qualitative methods based on textual content analysis and in-depth interviews with selected key informants in several villages of the Idahan community in Lahad Datu. The study results show that the intermarriage between a Datu from the Sulu Island and an Idahan woman has produced an heir with a kinship relationship with the Sulu sultanate. This kinship relationship strengthens the dominance of the bird's nest economic activity, which is in high demand from Chinese traders. The findings of the study also show that carrying the title of Datu and Dayang at the base of the heir's name to the Kedatuan further strengthens the Islamic identity among the people of the east coast of Sabah. The study also found that the Kedatuan-Idahan intermarriage impacted the Idahan community's political position in the Darvel Bay area and contributed to the early settlement of the Muslim community on the east coast of Sabah. The role of Kedatuan also explains the importance of their position as Muslim religious leaders in the Lahad Datu district and their involvement in the Cobbold Commission until the formation of Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremism is a long-standing issue. When this ideology is linked to religion, it not only revolves around the implications of violence but also becomes the basis for the formation of heretical and deviant teachings from the flow of Sunah Waljamaah members. To eradicate it, the approach should be collective and require the cooperation of all parties. The basic concept of it should be true, authentic and convincing. It must come from a complete, systematic and consistent source and academic structure so that criticism and reflection on this ideology is seen to be organized, fair and easy to understand. Among the great figures of Islam who have evaluated and written systematically about this ideology is Yusuf al-Qaradawi, a Muslim scholar born in Egypt who resides in Doha, Qatar. He was one of the most influential Islamic scholars during his lifetime. He is also known as a simple but firm thinker. His views on simplicity have been widely commented, quoted and dissected by other Islamic scholars around the world. But despite this modesty, he is also known as a firm person who has a hard and consistent view on the ideology of extremism and religious extremism. Therefore, this paper will examine and discuss his views, criticisms and reflections on the ideology of extremism and religious extremism. This article is part of the findings of a study on Islam and extremism in Malaysia that uses a qualitative and quantitative approach as a data collection method. Content analysis which mostly involved materials from his writings was used in addition to semi-structured interviews which were used to get the views of religious figures, activists and local authorities related to this matter. Analysis of the results of the study found that Yusuf al-Qaradawi has covered this in many of his writings, either reflecting specifically on this ideology or mentioning the implications of this ideology through his writings in matters of life in general. His views are also central to most of the writings of other Islamic figures when writing and talking about extremism and religious extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A teacher plays a vital role in shaping students’ character other than parents. The character of a teacher must be aligned with Islamic law in every aspect and portray Islam as a holistic way of life before educating students to become a comprehensive human being. This concept paper aims to study the characteristics that must be present within every Muslim teacher to become an excellent educator. Qualitative research method through content analysis research design was used. Data collected from books, articles in journals, proceedings, theses and dissertations were analyzed descriptively. The study discusses a teacher’s characteristics that were documented by Islamic scholars. Albeit lack of extensive study thus far, previous literature recorded that the effective characteristics of a Muslim teacher should be given attention. Based on Islamic scholars such as Imam al-Ghazali, Imam al-Nawawi, Imam al-Ajurri, Imam al-Mawardi and Imam al-Nahlawi, the characteristics of a Muslim teacher can be summarized into six main elements which are: stable faith, good character, skillful in teaching, constantly giving advice, possessing psychological knowledge, knowledgeable and practicing the knowledge. Educational organizations, especially every Muslim teacher must give the characteristics its due attention and take proper action so that as to increase the quality of teachers in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an Islamic perspective, one of the responsibilities of takaful agents is that they must practise excellent akhlaq as a ethical businessman. This is because the takaful agent is responsible for providing clear information regarding the plan, products, terms and conditions and benefits that will be received by takaful participants. Therefore, good akhlaq are very important to every takaful agent. The question is whether or not takaful agents may have akhlaq that are contrary to the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah while promoting takaful products. The question arises, what are the akhlaq of takaful agents according to the perspective of takaful participants? How does the behavior of takaful agents affect the ethical behavior of takaful agents? To answer this question, this paper has two objectives. First, to identify the akhlaq level of the takaful agent; second, to analyzed the influence of takaful agent's akhlaq level towards work ethic behavior of takaful agent according to the takaful participant’s perspective. Data was collected from a fieldwork of 397 respondents and will be analyzed using quantitative methods namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results show that takaful agents have good akhlaq. The behavior of the takaful agent in terms of respecting the takaful participant and the service provided is viewed as the greatest of takaful participant’s perspective towards takaful agent’s akhlaq. The lowest perspective of takaful participant’s towards takaful agent’s akhlaq is in telling the truth while describing the advantages and disadvantages of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental health problems of ex-prisoners are increasing and worrying so that it can affect the effectiveness of the reintegration of ex-prisoners into society. This paper aims to determine the relationship between personality types and the level of mental health of ex-prisoners in Malaysia. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method of 250 respondents. Two instruments were used in the questionnaire, namely the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Test (DASS21) to measure the level of mental health of ex-prisoners and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-40-Cross Culture Personality Test (ZKPQ-M-40-CC) to identify 5 personality domains of ex-prisoners namely Activity, Sociability, Aggressiveness-Hostility, Impulsive Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism-Anxiety. The results of the study found that there is a positive significant relationship between the five types of personality with the level of depression, anxiety and stress among ex-prisoners. Specific mental health interventions should be provided to prisoners before and after their release. This is very important in ensuring that the chance of reintegration of ex-prisoners into society is effective when mental health problems can be prevented and treated before they get worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interaction between nature and humans is unique and complex. Behaviour and sound are two complex signals that can be interpreted by the wisdom of society. Therefore, angkapio myth displays the belief in the human relationship with nature. This paper discusses the nature features that communicate with a human that explains the past and future event. The information about the event of sadness or happiness that will be faced is only understood by a group who are experts in explaining it. The news informed visually and sound will also make people more prepared to face situations beyond their control. The communication of nature to humans plays an important role in balancing their behaviour so that not to violate the laws of nature. Thus, the human is more careful so that they able to receive good news in accordance with the will of the people. This research was conducted in the field with the support of the scientific study. This research will provide a clear understanding of the concept of communication of Murut Paluan that has a close relationship with nature around them will be discussed. Their life that is flexible with nature has shown a communication system that is believed to protect them from disaster. This research will also display the soul of Murut people who is alert to their surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study emphasises the development of the socio-economy of the Malay community in Kedah. The issues focused on are related to the debt and poverty which had been the dilemma and shackled the Malay community, specifically the farmers. This research will unfold the factors that had led the farmers to like being indebted. This practice was seen to be the norm to the everyday life in handling hardship. In addition, the practice of indebtedness too had led the farmers to fall into the scourge of poverty. This research fully uses historical documents and materials which include books, articles, files from the state secretary, CO 273 Straits Settlements, Original Correspondence, 1838-1922 and CO 716, Kedah/Perlis Sessional Papers, 1905-1937. It was found that for the first quarter of the 20th century, the Malays in Kedah specifically the farmers suffered from financial difficulties. They were not only faced with poverty but also oppression from the middlemen and mounting debts. Many of these farmers at that time had to borrow from the loan sharks who were seen as the main source of income to settle all their bad debts. This research provides understanding about poverty, oppression and middleman issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fierce battle that broke out in history between Russia and Ottoman in 1877-1878 was an attempt to solve the problems faced by the Ottoman administration in the Balkans. This is mainly related to accusations that the Ottoman government cannot protect Christians in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Ironically, Russia's victory did not lead to the resolution of the conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Instead, it negatively impacted Muslims in the Balkans, especially in Bulgaria. This article will analyse the social effects of the war on Bulgaria's Muslim minority. This article uses a qualitative method called content analysis to evaluate British official documents and records collected from the British National Archives and the University of London, specifically from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies. The result shows that the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877 was not intended to give justice to the Christian community under the Ottoman empire; on the contrary, it was a strategy used by Russia and the Bulgarian government to eliminate the Muslim minority in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issues of Islamic aqeedah is of great concern nowadays particularly among the younger generation. Their wavering belief as Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah (ASWJ) will eventually drag them into heretical beliefs and apostasy if not given due attention. Regardless of sound religious education that the youngsters received, they are still vulnerable to deviant religious teachings due to easy access of information through digital networks. Hence, there is a need to identify the level of knowledge and understanding of students at Institute of Teacher Education Raja Melewar Campus (IPGKRM) on their Sunni Islam practices. The need is in concordance with teachers being regarded as icons as well as important representatives to impart their knowledge to the community. This paper is a quantitative study using sampling approach to identify and present statistic report on level of knowledge on Sunni Islam belief among IPGKRM students. The data is collected through online distribution of questionnaire instruments. The results of the analysis found that the mean value score for level of knowledge on Sunni Islam belief among the respondents was 637.3 / 165.0 = 3.86. The finding shows a high level of Sunni Islam knowledge among the IPGKRM students. The study further shows highest score on level of knowledge related to belief on the prophets. Thus, this study implicates that IPGKRM campus students need to have strong mastery of Sunni Islam knowledge to ensure their capability in imparting knowledge on ASWJ to the community in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Book of Arba'un Hadithan fi Ishtina 'al-Ma'ruf Bayna al-Muslimin could be considered the first book of forty hadith that was written on the virtues of doing kindness to other people. It is one of the works of Imam al-Mundhiri (w 656 H) which means that it has been written around the seventh century. It is said that the book received good acceptance from the public at that time. The Moroccan Ministry of Waqf and Islamic Affairs at this time has republished the book in 1985 justifying the merit of the book. The book contains forty hadiths that have been selected by Imam al-Mundahiri from various hadith resources. The hadiths were about doing kindness dan helping others. However, the author did not mention the sources of the hadiths selected as well as any information about them. Imam Muhammad bin Ibrahim al-Sulami al-Munawi (w 803 H) then improved the book by giving information about the sources (takhrij) and brought similar hadiths to the selected hadiths to support them as well as adding some explanation to them. After him, Muhammad bin Makhluf al-Tha'alabi (w 875 H) summarized the book. However, although Imam al-Mundhiri was a scholar of the hadith as well as Imam al-Sulami and al-Tha'alabi, many statuses of the selected hadiths were found not authentic. Nevertheless, some of it was considered fabricated. Likely, Imam alSulami and al-Tha'alabi who were commenting on the book did not comment anything about the status. Thus, this paper tries to do takhrij to the hadiths of the book. It will discuss their authenticity as well as highlight the significance of the book in encouraging the activity of doing kindness to people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examining the complex nature of Islamic historiography, Robinson adduced the discourse in a tripartite typology of historical works namely as chronography, biography, and prosopography. The formative period of historical writings in the early Islamic era has been one of the interesting topics especially the development of Sirah literature. This paper aims to explore the nature of early Islamic historical writings, analyze the emergence of its literature, and examine the basic pattern of Sirah Nabawiyyah. The present study is qualitative in nature and is one in which the researcher will employ both descriptive and source-critical approaches. The study in its findings confirm that the earliest proponents of the Prophet were principally attempting biography, and were responsible, above all, for the transmission of tradition. They apparently took any narration or anecdote about the Prophet, even, on occasions, contradictory accounts. With its specific patterns, circumlocutions, and diverse emphases, in which no one part is given distinction or importance over another, the Sirah itself contains the totality of what the compilers could gather, as scrupulously as they found possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has struck since 2020. The Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 outlines 11 indicators to battle the pandemic. In comparison to the Islamic tradition, the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in kitāb al-mardhā and kitāb al-ṭibb of Ṣaḥīḥ alBukhārī showcase the approaches and principles of modern epidemiology-based solutions. Hence, this paper attempts to analyse the disease control plan of WHO based on leading-edge epidemiology and prophetic traditions. Furthermore, it also intends to correlate pragmatic principles from the hadith and their commentaries with contemporary epidemiology. While dissecting the kitāb almardhā and kitāb al-ṭibb from al-Bukhārī’s (d. 870CE/256AH) magnum opus to establish the core principle, the researcher likewise interprets the pillars of the Strategic Preparation and Response Plan (SPRP) attempting to synchronise with the prophetic tradition. Long before the present solution, border control and preventive social measures were implemented; it stands to reason that modern epidemiology is in accord with the prophetic tradition. In short, five of the eleven pillars are directly in line with the ḥadīth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current global Muslim community is facing new challenges amidst the remnants of historical colonisation, sectarianism, and current geopolitical, economic and social realities. Despite these challenges, Muslim communities in general have been consistent in preserving the religious precepts derived from the primary sources of Al-Quran and Al-Sunnah, which form the foundation of the Islamic identity. Although widely underemphasised, futures thinking is deeply ingrained in the precepts of Islamic thought since the time of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), which unbeknownst to many, has indubitably shaped the transformation not only in Muslim communities, but has also influenced global shifts in civilisation from multifarious aspects, for example, science and technology, arts, governance and social justice. This paper seeks to illustrate the significance of Islamic futures thinking as a foundation for progress in Muslim communities, by applying the qualitative methods of content analysis and engagements in focus group discussions. To this end, the study analyses data obtained from the exploration of Islamic texts, traditions and literatures on the Islamic perspectives of futures thinking. This paper advances the proposition that futures thinking has a profound basis in Islam due to the universal nature of the Islamic concepts of knowledge, the methods of addressing gradual and imminent change, its constant inspirations towards excellence and a justly balanced society, as well as Islamic ethics in foresight. Findings of this study highlight the importance of futures thinking as a capacity that must be developed in the Muslim world as part of the process towards long term social transformation.

Aut dedere (extradition) is an erga omnes obligation towards the international community aimed at closing the gate of safe haven so that the international criminal will face the consequence of his heinous act directed at the international community from the requesting state. The term aut dedere has not been used in conventions or treaties until the eighteenth century. This paper examines the necessity of integrating the doctrine of 'aut dedere' (extradition) into International Aviation Conventions to combat civil aviation offenses and seeks to explore its treatment under Islamic law, and the potential for punishment for refusal to extradite offenders. Through doctrinal legal research, the paper reveals that while aut dedere is obligatory under conventional law, it lacks enforceability without associated punishments. Conversely, extradition under Islamic law is deemed mandatory due to its universal nature. The paper underscores the relevance of Islamic jurisprudence in modern international legal frameworks and recommends amendments to International Civil Aviation Organization conventions to enforce extradition provisions and recognize civil aviation crimes as international offences, consistent with Islamic legal principles.

Parliamentary questions are one of the most widely used and common parliamentary control instruments. The purpose of parliamentary questions in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is to hold the government accountable and reveal violations or clarify facts in the work of the executive authority. The Federal Constitution does not provide means of parliamentary control over the government, so parliamentary questions play a bigger role in the UAE than in other countries. This paper examines the practice of parliamentary questions in the Federal National Council (FNC) of the UAE. The methodology employed in this paper involves a comprehensive analysis of the practice of parliamentary questions within the context of the UAE's Federal National Council (FNC). Through a qualitative approach, the study delves into the role of parliamentary questions as a tool for governmental reforms, transparency enhancement, and executive authority accountability. Utilizing both primary and secondary sources, the research examines the impact of parliamentary questions in revealing violations, elucidating facts, and addressing citizens' everyday concerns. By employing a multifaceted analytical framework, this study offers valuable insights into the significance and effectiveness of parliamentary questions within the UAE's political landscape. The key findings in the paper on the practice of parliamentary questions in the UAE's FNC underscore the essential role of parliamentary questions in holding the government accountable and ensuring transparency. The document reveals how parliamentary questions serve as a vital tool for revealing violations, clarifying facts, and prompting governmental reforms. Overall, this paper highlights how parliamentary questions are a vital component of governance in the UAE and emphasizes their importance for ensuring accountability and transparency in government operations.

Nowadays, prison is not merely a place for offenders to serve sentencing. Rather it becomes an institution that carry a responsibility to rehabilitate, assist and educate the offenders to be a well-disciplined and responsible person when they return back to the society. In the Malaysian context, the rehabilitation process for the criminal offenders is one of the main agendas of the government in the efforts to reduce the crimes rate. The government through the Transformation Plan has emphasized the importance of improving the rehabilitation program not only inside the prison, but also implement various rehabilitation program outside the prison with the aim to prepare the offenders with life after they were released from the prison. This paper engages qualitative method. It refers to the documents relating to Rehabilitation Module, as well as conducts interview with the experts. It focuses on rehabilitation programmes outside prison that have been employed against the Syariah criminal offenders by the Malaysian Prison Department. The paper is significant as it highlights the experience of the Prison Department in developing and implementing rehabilitation module for the offenders outside the prison. The finding of the paper suggests that the development of the rehabilitation module for the Syariah Offender who are serving sentencing outside the prison are just and balance, which covers various aspect ranging from physical, mental, attitude, akhlak and spiritual. However, the implementation of rehabilitation programmes outside prison for Syariah offenders may need to be reviewed on its relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]