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Academic writing is one of the genres of writing which considered complex as it requires high language skills and the appropriate methodology in its production. One of the skills required is paraphrasing skills. However, paraphrasing is not an easy task especially if it involving a third language. Students may make various forms of errors in paraphrasing which need full attention, understanding, and techniques. Therefore, this study aims to identify the forms of mistakes and the weaknesses of students in making Arabic paraphrases, then, proposing method to address it. This study is a qualitative study and using samples taken from students' final coursework in the subject of Arabic for Academic (BAA4022). The corpus of the study involved 50 samples randomly selected among the students of the semester I session 2020/2021, Faculty of Major Language Studies (FPBU) and Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences (FPSK), Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM). This sample was analysed using the content analysis method. The finding shows that the main errors of students in paraphrasing are comes from the semantic aspect due to weakness in understanding the original reference text. In addition, the errors from grammatical aspects, especially in the use of al-idhofah, the use of dhamir and fi'il are consequences of the weakness in mastery of syntax and Arabic morphology. Both of these forms of weaknesses affect the quality of paraphrases made especially in the aspect of semantic completeness. Thus, this study is hoped to provide enlightenment and helps teachers and students in strengthening the quality of writing academic papers in Arabic Language through the use of accurate and correct Arabic paraphrasing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to examine consumers' response, changes in their shopping behaviour and the effectiveness of the 'No Free Plastic Bag' campaign after almost a decade consumers were charged RM0.20 for using plastic bags. Data was collected from 122 respondents who answered an online questionnaire. The findings indicated that bringing your own shopping bag is not yet the culture in Malaysia despite that majority of consumers were aware of the campaign. Behavioural change is low as 62.3% of respondents routinely forget to bring their own shopping bags. More than half of the respondents (57.3%) are still willing to pay RM0.20 for a plastic bag. The findings of this research also revealed that consumers are too depending on retailers' green initiatives such as providing them with paper bags and boxes. Through this study, mass media plays a crucial role in disseminating information and creating environmental awareness among consumers. Many consumers voiced their support for a stricter regulation and to increase the current fee for each plastic bag purchased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A political movement is a group and association movement to fight for something by campaigning, urging and participating in elections to gain the power to achieve what is being fought for. Political movements include groups based on leaders, associations and political parties that have leadership lines, organizations, goals of struggle and activities towards achieving the aim they strive for. Therefore, the objective of writing this article is to analyze the evolution and dynamics of geopolitical and sociopolitical of the political movement in Malaysia since before independence till present. The writing of this article uses a qualitative information interpretation approach from secondary sources, namely journal articles, academic books and conference papers based on the evolutionary theme of the political movement in Malaysia which is then analyzed based on geopolitical and sociopolitical impacts. Findings show that the geopolitics or power of the political movement is based on the state of political rulers at certain time while the socio-political of political movements show that the people's participation in political movements at certain time is based on current issues, developments of information communication technology, leadership and current socioeconomic conditions. Thus, the evolution and geopolitical and sociopolitical dynamics of the political movement in this country is very interesting to study and can be used as a guidance by all parties to create a peaceful and stable political situation of the country as well as a strategy to gain the support of voters and all parties in achieving their respective political struggles based on the provisions set by law and the Federal Constitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Conservatism is a political philosophy that tends to preserve traditions and reject drastic change. Türkiye has a long experience of political conservatism due to the Kemalists’ radical secularization. The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi-AK PARTİ) is an entity that recently champions political conservatism in Türkiye. Despite having many differences, Türkiye and Malaysia share similarities as progressive, modern, and democratic Muslim countries. This paper aims to discuss AK PARTİ’s political conservatism and analyze to what extent it can be made as an example for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. To fulfill this objective, primary and secondary sources related to AK PARTİ’s conservatism discourse have been referred to be used as the basis of analysis of lessons that can be taken for the sustainability of Islam in Malaysia. The comparative analysis method has also been used to compare the context of Türkiye and Malaysia to understand the limitations of lessons that Malaysia can learn based on the experience of conservatism in Türkiye. As a party with a conservative democratic ideology, AK PARTİ manages to uphold political conservatism within the context of modern democracy. This success results from a synthesis between the demands of conservatism and democracy. The political conservatism in Türkiye can be made as an example for Malaysia, especially in preserving Islam as the federal religion, the existence of the king institution, the Malay-Muslim identity, and the true essence of Islam as a societal-unifying force. This paper argues that in the Malaysia context, conservatism is an important political philosophy to be upheld in order to preserve the harmony and stability of the plural society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The halalan toyyiba is a comprehensive concept brought by Islam. According to this concept, the source of consumption must be clean and pure. Every source point, from the initial production process and methods to the final management, such as waste disposal methods, must be taken into account to meet the requirements of the halalan toyyiba. The present time sees water-based use increasingly widespread in daily life. Strictly speaking, the concept of sharia-compliant halalan toyyiba in water use, such as agriculture and farming, still needs to be seriously discussed. Therefore, the issue of sharia-compliant halalan toyyiba in water use is significant to study and draw up a sharia-compliant guide for the Malaysian community, especially the Muslims. This concept coincides with the country's national agenda, namely the National Halal Hub Policy. The main objective of this paper is to study the idea of halalan toyyiba in the management of domestic water in Malaysia. This paper is based on qualitative methods. Fatwa-based resources, scholarly publications, journals, and as such, will be analyzed and summarized descriptively to produce a conclusion that answers the paper's objectives. The findings show that the fundamental concept of sharia-compliant halalan toyyiba regarding domestic water management in Malaysia has yet to be fully implemented. Therefore, this policy must be executed precisely in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminal profiling is a tool produced and used by the police during conducting investigations. In Malaysia, the practice of using criminal profiling can be identified through several provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code as well as several articles and journals. However, these sources are not able to provide a clear picture of the position of criminal profiling in Malaysia. To date, no specific definition or concept and structured criminal profiling method can be identified. This article aims to provide an overview of the criminal profiling method used in other countries namely Japan and the United States. The main goal is to show the variety of criminal profiling methods used to assist the police during the investigation process. This paper briefly describes each of the methods and emphasizes their differences. A comparison of methods in general needs to be touched on, to see to what extent criminal profiling methods in the United States have an impact on the development of criminal profiling methods in Japan. This paper is aimed at the public, those involved in law, criminology, and any fields related to criminal profiling. The literature review will be used to achieve these objectives. The findings are that Japan has managed to produce its definition of criminal profiling while in the United States, apart from the definition given by the FBI, a single definition is still under discussion. In addition, Japan uses a method namely Behavioral Crime Analysis, quite similar to the United States which is Behavioral Profiling of Offenders, to identify the characteristics of criminal behavior. Therefore, this paper will suggest that Malaysia use the criminal profiling method in these developed countries as an example in producing its guidelines on criminal profiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teacher's record book is a very important document. This record book contains daily lesson plans and annual lesson plans prepared by a teacher according to the approved syllabus. Therefore, a teacher is responsible for preparing, keeping and maintaining his record book in accordance with the requirements and regulations of the law. Accordingly, this paper will analyze the legal position related to the preparation, storage and maintenance of teacher record books in Malaysia. This writing begins by explaining the meaning of a teacher's record book and its importance in the teaching profession. Further, this paper will evaluate the relevant legal provisions on the obligations of a teacher in the aspects of preparation, storage and maintenance of teacher record books. Finally, this paper will analyze the liability that will be imposed on a teacher for not preparing, keeping and maintaining a teacher's record book. To achieve the objectives outlined, this writing uses a qualitative approach with descriptive as well as analytical and critical methods. Content analysis methods are also used in examining relevant laws. This paper finds that teachers have a duty to prepare, keep and maintain teacher record books in accordance with Regulation 8 of the Education (National Curriculum) Regulations 1997. Teachers who violate this Regulation 8 are considered to have committed an offense and may be fined under Regulation 11 (2) Education (National Curriculum) Regulations 1997. The existence of penalties for breaches of this obligation shows the importance of teacher record books. Consequently, this writing suggests that teachers be given knowledge of the duties and liabilities related to teacher record books so that they are not subject to any legal action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Royal Town is rich in its own heritage history. Royal Town destinations that apply aesthetic values and long history have offered tourism products to fans of Royal Town values or known as tourist heritage. Tourism in the Royal Town in Malaysia is seen to be under -promoted on social media and electronic media. In fact, the Royal Town are also less prominent from the aspect of definition and heritage value found in the town. The concept of the Royal Town is unique, inherited and highlights the Royal elements are poorly documented and not recorded causing the role of the Royal Town as one of the tourist attractions in Malaysia is also left behind. Therefore, differences in terms of tourist patterns also cannot be identified and highlighted as long as tourists visit selected heritage destinations. This paper aims to examine the comparison of royalscape based on the segments of student, youth and family tourists in terms of the variety of visits to Kuala Kangsar. Convenience sampling technique was used by distributing questionnaires to 500 respondents consisting of student tourists, youth and families using descriptive analysis and One -Way Anova inferential analysis. The results show that there is a comparison in the visits of the tourist segment who visit the Royal Town of Kuala Kangsar. The seven royalscape in this study were visited by all tourist segments, Next there were differences in the manner of visits by the three tourist segments. In conclusion, this paper shows a comparison of the variety of visits by tourists based on segments. This study has limited limitations to look at comparisons based on the domestic tourist segment only and does not emphasize the variety of international tourist visits. However, the findings of this study provide space for further study by looking at the variety of international tourists in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate response by countries worldwide to curb the spread of Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 was through the implementation of border lockdown, minimizing human movements. Malaysia launched Ops Benteng (Fortress Operation) via National Task Force (NTF) as the country faced high risk transmission through under-detected illegal movements of people across the land and maritime borders. Human trafficking and smuggling has been a great concern before the pandemic, and thus posing unprecedented challenge to the Malaysian border security agencies. This paper aims to analyze the role of security agencies involved in Ops Benteng, the extent of coordination and challenges faced by NTF while implementing the border control measures. The methods include structured interview with officials from Ministry of Defence (MINDEF), the Home Ministry (KDN), and the National Security Council (NSC). This studywill be the first in articulating duties and responsibilities, as well as cooperation between border control agencies and challenges faced in security governance structures. The author argues that the dilemma of compartmentalizing problems by the agencies working in silo and the bureaucratic hurdles that impede coordination efficiencies need to be addressed by all involved stakeholders and the implementation efficiency can be further enhanced by an integrated cooperation framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of Indigenous peoples’ rights has always been fought for both internationally and domestically. This writing focuses on implementing the principle of “Free, Prior, and Informed Consent” (FPIC) in the affairs of the Orang Asli in Semenanjung Malaysia. Article 3 of the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (DHOA) 2007 recognise the FPIC principle which entails the spirit of the right of Indigenous peoples to self-determination. The principles of IMABT and consultation are key aspects of the right to self-determination that allow the Indigenous community of a country to be involved in the decision-making process on matters that may affect them. Malaysia has not prepared any guidelines for implementing the FPIC principle despite agreeing with the adoption of the DHOA. Therefore, this paper presents a proposal to implement on FPIC guideline which is practical and suitable for Orang Asli in Malaysia. For this purpose, the Philippines will be used as a reference country to see how this principle is implemented in the country. If this principle is successfully implemented, it will be a great starting point that recognizes the rights of Orang Asli and will also be able to improve their socio-economic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are a significant human capital of a country. As such, the protection of children from neglect, abuse, violence, and exploitation is an important aspect and should be given priority. Malaysia has been rocked by cases of abuse that have occurred in a family institution and up to the first quarter of 2021, a total of 2,040 cases of abuse have been recorded. There are four types of child abuse i.e., physical abuse, neglect, sexual and emotional. In contrast to the abuse that can be seen in the eyes of the naked eye, this emotional abuse is seen as if it is not taken seriously by every society. The objective of this paper is to identify the extent to which emotional abuse of children occurs. The second objective was to analyze the statistics of cases that touched on the issue of emotional abuse of children. This paper uses a qualitative method by highlighting the literature from Malaysia and abroad guided by primary and secondary sources that discuss the issue of child abuse. The findings from this writing show that there is an increase in cases of abuse in general as well as specific to emotional abuse of children besides there is a need for law enforcement to be tightened so that the problem of child emotional abuse can be contained. In conclusion, the results of this paper will provide exposure to how the statistics of child abuse cases serve as an indicator so that the government, enforcement, and society can curb the problem of child abuse from continuing to increase especially in the context of emotional abuse during the COVID-19’s pandemic. Further, law enforcement needs to be tightened effectively and holistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the reaction of members of the Malayan Communist Party towards the British administrators during the emergency in Malaya. The analysis focuses on the observation of the memoirs written by selected MCP members involved in the emergency in Malaya, 1948 - 1960. The objective of the research is to show the reaction of the members of the MCP through the guerrilla movement as well as the cooperation displayed by the masses throughout the 12 years of emergency. Hence, memoirs written by a number of selected members of the MCP such as Abdullah C.D., Suriani Abdullah, Chin Peng, Rashid Maidin, and Shamsiah Fakeh were used as the primary source of this discussion. Analyzing the memoirs of the selected members are important to identify the types of reaction displayed by the organization during the emergency as the memoirs holds the ability to clearly magnify the reactions discussed in this paper. The memoirs were observed, interpreted and arranged in a single chronology supported by objective argumentation and notes from the primary documents sourced from the archive. The archive sources were retrieved from the National Archive of Malaysia, The National Archive (TNA), London as well as National Archive of Singapore along with documents in the form of newspaper. The document consists of foreign offices files (FO 800), the colonial files (FCO 141) as well as the cabinet files of the British government (CAB). This paper therefore, conclude that memoirs of the selected MCP members has the ability to show the reactions of the MCP on the national state of emergency declared by the British administrators in order to present an objective historical discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This concept paper focuses on the challenges in healthcare volunteers by exploring the issues faced by Malaysia while conducting relief missions. This will help them to support and develop role plans to increase their preparedness in the field. This paper will explore the challenges faced by healthcare volunteers and their response to the COVID-19 crisis. The challenges of healthcare volunteers have tremendous increased when COVID-19 hit the world. The role of healthcare volunteers is undeniably important in the field and often said to be the backbone in humanitarian assistance especially to the government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). However, the development of healthcare volunteering activities is still insufficient and at an unsatisfactory level. There are cases which the volunteers still lack of experience, training and preparation when dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This issue can be seen clearly when the Malaysian government, through the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) urged for more healthcare volunteers to come forward to assist MOH against the COVID-19 pandemic issue. Healthcare volunteers tend to have the great potential to provide important and substantial support to governments and NGOs. This is hoped to be an inspiration to healthcare volunteers to help against the COVID-19 pandemic and to the social's well-being psychological and development of the community. In this concept paper, the author will explore the challenges in order to increase the preparedness of volunteers and their effectiveness in providing assistance to the community in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused impact on the survivability and performance of organizations. Some organizations were forced to stop their daily business operations and suffer losses to the point of having to reduce their workforce. Organizational performance and organisational profit was also affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the affected sectors in Malaysia is the tourism sector such as the hotel industry. Based on the current scenario, this paper highlights the organization's strategy in maintaining the survivability of the organization during the Movement Control Order MCO. This study uses a qualitative approach by interviewing two (2) Human Resource Managers in the hospitality industry at Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The results of this study shows that the Turnaround Strategy is an effective strategy, in re-stabilize the performance of the organization for the sake of its survivability. Among the measures taken by the organization is by implementing the Turnaround Strategy which consists of three (3) dimensions such as asset reduction, cost savings and revenue generation. The organization's actions effect the organization's performance from the aspects of communication, productivity and leadership in the organization. Previous studies by Mann & Byun (2017) and Santana et al. (2017) stated that Turnaround Strategies are effective in maintaining organizational survivability during the COVID-19 pandemic. This preliminary research requires theoretical aspects in perceiving the extent of the organization's direction in adopting the Turnaround Strategy, workforce reduction and its relationship with performance in an organization when dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decoration is an essential element in the beauty of a building design. Most of the decorative elements found in building design are associated with the design concept and have implicit meaning. Therefore, the paper aims to identify a variety of ornaments found in Masjid Muhammadi Kota Bharu, Kelantan. In addition, this paper also aims to describe the Malays and Western ornament found in that mosque. The methodology used in this study is observation and interview. These observations were made at the Masjid Muhammadi, and interviews with two (2) field experts were conducted to obtain the information. This study found three types of ornaments, namely calligraphy, flora and geometric motifs, used in Masjid Muhammadi. These ornaments are located in four (4) different structures, namely the pillars of the building, the back of the building, the prayer hall and the front entrance of the building. Therefore, the design found in the Masjid Muhammadi shows one of the design identities in Malaysia. This study also uses semiotic theory to look at the symbols in the Masjid Muhammadi, which could assist in understanding the identity of the builders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A teacher plays a vital role in shaping students’ character other than parents. The character of a teacher must be aligned with Islamic law in every aspect and portray Islam as a holistic way of life before educating students to become a comprehensive human being. This concept paper aims to study the characteristics that must be present within every Muslim teacher to become an excellent educator. Qualitative research method through content analysis research design was used. Data collected from books, articles in journals, proceedings, theses and dissertations were analyzed descriptively. The study discusses a teacher’s characteristics that were documented by Islamic scholars. Albeit lack of extensive study thus far, previous literature recorded that the effective characteristics of a Muslim teacher should be given attention. Based on Islamic scholars such as Imam al-Ghazali, Imam al-Nawawi, Imam al-Ajurri, Imam al-Mawardi and Imam al-Nahlawi, the characteristics of a Muslim teacher can be summarized into six main elements which are: stable faith, good character, skillful in teaching, constantly giving advice, possessing psychological knowledge, knowledgeable and practicing the knowledge. Educational organizations, especially every Muslim teacher must give the characteristics its due attention and take proper action so that as to increase the quality of teachers in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mental health problems of ex-prisoners are increasing and worrying so that it can affect the effectiveness of the reintegration of ex-prisoners into society. This paper aims to determine the relationship between personality types and the level of mental health of ex-prisoners in Malaysia. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method of 250 respondents. Two instruments were used in the questionnaire, namely the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale Test (DASS21) to measure the level of mental health of ex-prisoners and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-40-Cross Culture Personality Test (ZKPQ-M-40-CC) to identify 5 personality domains of ex-prisoners namely Activity, Sociability, Aggressiveness-Hostility, Impulsive Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism-Anxiety. The results of the study found that there is a positive significant relationship between the five types of personality with the level of depression, anxiety and stress among ex-prisoners. Specific mental health interventions should be provided to prisoners before and after their release. This is very important in ensuring that the chance of reintegration of ex-prisoners into society is effective when mental health problems can be prevented and treated before they get worse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the discussions on the application of Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql) in transforming and developing better human capital have been regarded as an important issue towards the society. For Malaysians, it is not a secluded issue anymore. As proactive steps, a positive action should be taken in blending the application of Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql) with the National Education Philosophy, as it is a major framework in the formation of holistic and competitive human capital globally. The main objective of this paper’s study is to examine the concept of the Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql), the scope of the National Education Philosophy, as well as the application of these concepts and scope in the educational system in Malaysia. The conceptual and qualitative methodologies of study shall be used in conducting a study on this paper. It will also cover comprehensive studies on these two main thrusts to identify the extent of the harmonization process in empowering and enhancing the future generation. It will also review the level of the application and influence towards the National Education Philosophy and the impact of education reforms based on the Islamic principles in Malaysia. In conclusion, it can be asserted that the concept of the Maqasid as-Syariah (Hifz al-’Aql) has become among the main and important pulses in shaping, empowering and enhancing the development of the educational system in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1970s, the government has been focusing on building unity among multi-racial communities. This is being taken seriously through the implementation of several key policies such as the New Economic Policy (NEP) and the National Cultural Policy. The goal of both policies is to create an ambitious National Unity. One of the elements contained in the National Cultural Policy relates to sports activities. Through sports activities, the government believes that it can foster inter-racial relations, in addition to fostering common sense and at the same time stimulating the spirit of nationalism among societies. However, it should be noted that the scope of sports activities is too broad to explore. In addition, studies about it have received little attention from local scholars, although they are widely reported. Because of this, it is important to choose the main aspects of sports activities to be the topic of discussion. Therefore, this paper focuses on the existence of a group of football supporters who call themselves Ultras Malaya. Since 2007, the involvement of Ultras Malaya has shown a lot of light that the sport of football is capable of bridging race relations. It has been shown by the attitude of the group. To see these things, it is very important to go back to the history of the establishment of Ultras Malaya and also require that the aspect of uniqueness displayed by Ultras Malaya that can be used as a medium for integration platrorm. This paper uses a qualitative approach. While primary data were obtained based on interviews with the Ultras Malaya coordinator, apart from the direct involvement of the authors in the group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, there are various forms of actions and provocations that are against the culture and values of patriotism among the Malaysian community, especially school leaders who are said to be unpatriotic. This paper focuses on the awareness of religious school leaders which consists of Religious Secondary Schools (SMA), Government Religious Aid Schools (SABK) regarding the level of knowledge of religious school leaders regarding the knowledge of patriotism. The problem of lack of awareness of the value of patriotism will certainly challenge and prevent the application, nurturing of values and the spirit of patriotism as an element in the formation of a harmonious and united Malaysian nation. A total of 263 religious school leaders in Malaysia were involved in this study. The results of this study were obtained through a questionnaire that was analyzed descriptively. The overall measurement of the instrument, which is the concept of patriotism and patriotism in the constitution, which is the main construct to assess the level of knowledge of religious school leaders regarding patriotism. The results of this study show that the religious school leadership's awareness of the value of patriotism is high. The level of school leaders' awareness of patriotism in the constitution is also high and shows that religious school leaders who are patriotic are capable of being an intermediary factor or agent of change towards the bond of community unity and students of various ethnicities in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The law of tort is one of the private law that plays an important role in the environmental management of the highlands. Accordingly, this paper reviews the law of tort focusing on negligence in matters related to the environmental management of the highlands. This paper also identifies cases and actions related to the environmental management of the highlands through the law of tort focusing on negligence in Malaysia. Finally, this paper discusses the above-mentioned laws as instruments for the well-being of the highlands environment is protected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The framework of sustainability governance is strongly emphasizes the integration of community cooperation in ensuring environmental well-being, including the coastal zone environment In this framework, the law plays an important role in the realization of an integrated community. Law of Tort is one of the many private laws that play a significant role in protecting the environment including the coastal zone environmental heritage. This role can lead to sustainable development within the framework of sustainable governance. This law of tort can be divided into several sections including aspects of private nuisance, negligence, trespass and strict liability. In this regard, this paper focuses specifically on the application of the law of tort focusing on the aspects of private nuisance in matters pertaining to the protection of the coastal zone environment. This paper also identifies cases and actions related to the protection of the coastal zone environment through the law of tort focusing on the private nuisance aspects in Malaysia. Finally, this paper discusses the above-mentioned laws as instruments for the protection of the coastal environmental heritage within the framework of sustainable governance towards sustainable development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children are highly inquisitive. This will naturally lead them to explore and discover the world around them which is fundamental to the development of science learning. Early Science Learning is seen to have the potential to inculcate the development of children's social-emotional competence because as the children explore science together with their friends, they will also build social-emotional skills such as understanding the importance of rules, learning to wait for their turn, listening to instructions, cooperating with others, helping other people, identifying and understanding differences in one's feelings. This paper was written with the aim to explore how Early Science Learning can affect children's social-emotional competency in a positive manner. In particular, this paper examines the potential of activities and science process skills in promoting social and emotional competencies. Based on the systematic literature review that was done, the author lists and explains five elements of Early Science-Learning that influences preschool childrens' social and emotional competence. They are: i) active participation opportunities; ii) social interaction opportunities; iii) the role of teachers; iv) learning environment and v) meaningful experiences. These elements are found to have positive potential impact in enhancing the social and emotional competencies of preschool children and can be considered to be implemented in the public and private preschools in Malaysia. It is hoped that this systematic literature review paper will expand the perspective and understanding of the implementation of Social and Emotional Education across the early childhood education curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of Malaysia has issued the National Women's Policy (NWP) which was first formulated in 1989 and is still in continuation to the year 2020. Among the goals of the NWP, is the equal partnership between women and men in acquiring and controlling resources or opportunities in participation and enjoying development benefits. This is an excellent opportunity to enhance women participation in all economic sectors in developing Malaysia. This paper attempts to draw the coherence of this effort with the principles of al Siyāsah al Syarciyyah which calls for good governance, collective participation, and actions based on the contemporary needs of human beings. This paper also highlights a case study on the Islamic banking sector, by examining women’s appointment on the board of directors and Shariah Committee board as part of participation of women in the decision-making process in the sector. Data is taken from the annual reports of 16 Islamic banking institutions listed by Bank Negara Malaysia from the year 2012 to 2018. Whilst Malaysia's expertise in the Islamic banking sector is internationally recognized and referred to, this study reveals the minimal achievement of female participation in decision-making process throughout the selected years of study, below the required target of 30%. The outcome of this paper suggests a more participative role of women in the sector and the potentials in their intellectual and leadership capacity to contribute in the sector. This will be in line with the general spirit of Siyasah Syari’yyah for good governance, inclusivity and future sustainability development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of financial capital is the main problem faced by the smallholder palm oil farmers (Pekebun Kecil Sawit Persendirian, PKSP) in order to increase the productivity of palm oil. Although there are six Islamic banking institutions that provide micro credit for the farmers, this product however does not get a good response from the farmers especially among the PKSP. In order to dismantle the factors of the PKSP having less interest to take up the micro credit from Islamic banking institutions, this paper employed Al-Ghazali's concept of intention to achieve two research objectives. In regards to the first objective, this research analyses the effects of behaviour towards Islamic micro credit, obstacle factor, and the benefit of perception on the intention to use Islamic micro credit. In regards to the second objective, this research analyses the effects of obstacle factor and the benefit of perception on the behaviour towards Islamic micro credit. This research was conducted at the district of Hilir Perak, Malaysia involving 362 PKSP to understand this phenomenon. The research data were obtained from a questionnaire which was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). It was found that the obstacle factor and behaviour towards Islamic micro credit influence the intention to use Islamic micro credit, while the benefit of perception was found to be insignificant in influencing the intention. This paper also found that the behaviour towards Islamic micro credit is developed and influenced by the benefit of perception. It can be concluded that the PKSP are less interested to take up the Islamic micro credit for agricultural purpose because the features of micro credit product offered by the Islamic banking institutions are less attractive and not competitive. In this case, this paper recommended the Islamic banking institutions to improvise their micro credit product offerings and develop strategic relationship with other industrial players to reduce business risk and eventually offer a competitive micro credit product in the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the knowledge related to Tarannum al-Qur'an and highlights the definition of Tarannum al-Qur'an, the history of the Tarannum development, the Tarannum streams and its types. This research approach is a qualitative study, where the research methodology used in this writing is a content analysis and unstructured interview. The main references for this study are the book of Tarannum al-Qur'an and the articles related to Tarannum al-Qur'an. This paper aims to see the similarities and differences of opinion between two Tarannum books regarding to the characteristics of each Tarannum. Then, this study analyzes the elements that are the characteristics of each Tarannum types with the experts and as a result of the content analysis, the elements are arranged and calssified into a table in the findings of the study. The initial survey was conducted by briefly interviewing the reciters (qari) regarding to the method or technique in reciting Tarannum. Findings show that the practiced on reciting Tarannum al-Qur’an recited by the reciters in Malaysia was based on Tarannum songs and does not emphasize the meaning of the verses of the Qur'an due to several factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current trend of modernisation has acted as a trigger for an increase in cybercrime rates in Malaysia. Because of the convenience and sophistication of electronic gadgets, these instruments have gained their own significance, particularly in offering input and vital hints as a form of evidence in court proceedings. Nonetheless, the introduction of electronics as evidence, particularly in cybercrime cases, has become a hot topic among legal practitioners as a result of various issues related to the acceptance of electronic evidence, such as relevancy and admissibility issues, issues arising from the definitions of documents produced by a computer, issues arising from legal provisions that regulate this evidence, and so on. As a result, this research was conducted to learn more about the admissibility, relevancy, and proof of cybercrime in court, as well as associated legal rules, to identify and analyse the legal challenges resulting from this evidence, and to give solutions to the problems. To ensure the success of this investigation, a doctrinal qualitative method was adopted. In-depth references have been made to primary and secondary sources such as legal legislation, court cases, legal publications, and papers. Historical, analytical, and critical methodologies were used to examine the gathered data. In summary, our analysis discovered that sections 90A, 90B, 90C, and 114A of the Evidence Act 1950 are the primary sources of legislation that allow electronic evidence to be submitted in court. This evidence, however, may only be offered and accepted if the notions of relevancy and admissibility are fulfilled first. The legitimacy, correctness, and security of electronic evidence must first be guaranteed before this evidence is recognised by the court, and a clear interpretation of the document provided by the computer must be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern guardianship system is derived from the common law. This guardianship system prioritises the doctrine of parens patriae which means that the courts are allowed to intervene to take care of the interests of those who are unable to care for themselves, such as children and adults through the appointment of guardians. Although Malaysia still does not have specific laws for elderly guardianship, various developments and advances in laws related to the elderly guardianship have taken place in other countries. In line with that, this paper will analyse the legal framework with regards to elderly guardianship system in three selected countries, namely the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan. These three countries were chosen on the grounds of their long histories and well-established system at present. Apart from that, legal reforms have always been carried out to safeguard this group. To achieve the objectives outlined qualitative approach of content analysis. It was discovered that although guardianship laws in the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan do not specifically aimed at the elderly, the legal mechanisms that exist in all these jurisdictions have benefited the elderly. The elderlies who are without mental capacity to manage themselves and property, are protected by laws that can be considered comprehensive and robust in all three jurisdictions. This is evidenced by the application of adults guardianship system’s statistic for the elderly. The elderly are included in the category of adults with incapacity and they are the largest group under these guardianship laws. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant authorities should take the effort in integrating the different approaches applied in these three jurisdictions to come out with a comprehensive legal mechanism for elderly guardianship in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current crisis as a result of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic is the biggest challenge that requires an immediate and best response. To expand the fiscal space, the taxation system plays a very important role in addressing the revenue shortfall by the government. It is better to combat tax evasion, including illegal financial flows through a non transparent tax system such as the current consumption taxation system in Malaysia, namely the Sales Tax and Service Tax (SST). In this paper, we use the general equilibrium model (CGE) to examine the broader macroeconomic impact on the reimplementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). It was found that imposing GST at a lower rate of four per cent was able to generate high government revenue and contributed about three per cent increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and succeeded in increasing the level of investment. Similarly, the GST rate of six percent for the next 10 years can give more impact on government revenue. The comparison between SST and GST can be seen significantly in Malaysian macroeconomic instruments. In this spotlight, the idea of reimplementation of GST is to upgrade the government tax collection mechanism and reduce the national deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Malaysian government has decided that vaccination provided since the early 1950s is free and intended to protect children. However, the responsibility to provide complete immunization for children is still an option given to parents or guardians and is not mandatory. Furthermore, the emergence of anti-vaccine movement was even more bold in spreading misconceptions about vaccination needs to society, especially parents. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the legal issues arising in the context of childhood vaccines and the existence of anti-vaccine movement in Malaysia. The key points to be addressed are the requirement of childhood vaccinations, the existence of anti-vaccine movement and the control over the dissemination of false information in Malaysia. The research design of pure legal research which is qualitative in nature has been applied. The data sources consist of primary sources which are statutory provisions and court cases as well as secondary sources such as textbooks and journals. The collected data were analyzed by applying the content analysis and the critical analysis methods. The research outcome indicates that specific research on the anti-vaccine movement and its precautionary measures in Malaysian legal context were lacking in the past. Therefore, the authors propose that a detailed study to be carried out by focusing on the solution for legal issues arising from the existence of anti-vaccine movement in Malaysian law perspective. The authors expect that the legal research conducted based on such recommendation will contribute new and significant knowledge, especially relating to legal measure to control the anti-vaccine movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyse the role of newspaper reports by the New York Times and Washington Post on the anti-palm oil campaign on Malaysia-U.S trade relations concerning anti-palm oil campaign. The campaign was initiated by the American Soybean Association (ASA), the American Heart Association (AHA), the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and the National Heart Savers Association (NHSA), with the support of newspaper reports mainly from the New York Times and Washington Post. This paper posits that the campaign published by the newspapers affected the Malaysia-U.S trading relationship, in particular, in relation to palm oil imports and exports. The historical research method was employed for this study analyses both primary and secondary data. In addition, interviews were conducted to validate the findings. This study is crucial in filling the gap in the literature on the anti-palm oil campaign published in newspapers and its impact on Malaysia-U.S. relations. At present, the anti-palm oil campaign remains on the agenda of developed countries and other international green peace groups. The Malaysian government has remained as an active player in promoting the palm oil industry in the U.S. and European countries. This research demonstrates that newspaper reports influenced members of the U.S. Congress to propose a bill on the labeling of tropical oils. Palm oil is seen as a source of saturated fats, which poses a health risk. Newspaper reports were also used as evidence to garner support for the bill in Congress. This anti-oil palm campaign led to a decline in Malaysian palm oil exports to the U.S. These newspaper reports led to tensions in Malaysia, and the anti-palm oil campaign is perceived as an "act of war in a foreign country". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Look East Policy (LEP) was implemented in 1982 with two main objectives. First, efforts to improve skills, competencies, knowledge, and apply positive values from Japan and Korea in work ethic. Second, it aims to improve productivity and quality. This paper discusses the impacts of the second wave of LEP, which is assumed to be mutually beneficial between Japan-Malaysia and the first wave, which weighs more on Malaysia. This study has collected primary data using intensive interview techniques and focus groups with a total number of informants of thirteen (13) people who have direct experience with the implementation of LEP. These qualitative data were analyzed using the construction of themes due to frequency and similarity of meaning on cultural and work ethic questions. Policy cycle theory is applied to evaluate the success of LEP's implementation in achieving its objectives. The results show that in addition to work ethic, cultural factors and practices of reasonable values of Japanese society and loyalty to the employer, are common practices that strengthen the quality of work. The study results prove that LEP is less successful in adapting the work culture fully into Malaysians. Nevertheless, LEP has succeeded in making structural changes with various systematic practices in the workplace, such as 5S practices, Quality Control (TQM), time recording systems, and name tags. Meanwhile the Second Wave of DPT shows cooperation efforts as well as 'spill over' Malaysia-Japan relations which has a positive impact on neighboring countries in the Southeast Asian region. This study is able to prove the implementation of LEP in Malaysia until now is still relevant because LEP not only brings benefits to Malaysia, but also Japan and other countries at the regional level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of Education 5.0 aims to strengthen the use of technology to inculcate values into students’ lives. This is seen as an opportunity to explore how moral values are applied in line with the goals of education in Malaysia.The inculcation of moral values through education will enable the students to internalise the values and this brings a good impact on their lives. . However, annual statistics have shown the decline in the moral values in Malaysia. Thus, this concept paper discusses the notion of Education 5.0 in the Malaysian education context and the importance of moral values in education 5.0. This study employed a qualitative method by analysing documents related to moral values as well as the Education 5.0 guideline book. The data were managed by ATLAS.ti 8 software. The themes revolve around the importance of moral values application in education and they include; the goals of the National Philosophy of Education; the formation of a society that is good, moral and has an identity as well as; religious demands. This study's findings are significant to be used as a guide to ensure that the elements of moral values are not neglected in line with the advancement of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are an important political socialization agent in assisting the process of fostering ethnic unity among students. At primary school level, teachers act as influential political socialization agents in nurturing awareness of students at their early age on the importance of ethnic unity especially in the context of a multi-ethnic society in Malaysia. However, the process of fostering ethnic unity in Malaysia generally, and at the primary school level in particular, is still faced with various challenges and obstacles. Hence, this paper discusses the barriers to the role of teachers as effective political socialization agents from the aspect of school administration practices in shaping ethnic unity at the primary school level. The data collection process for this study was carried out through focus group discussions method involving 16 Malay, Chinese and Indian teachers from National School (SK), The Chinese National Type School (SJKC) and Tamil (SJKT) in Petaling district, Selangor. The results found that there are three factors of administrative practices that hinder teachers in playing a role as agents of ethnic unity that can affect the process of fostering the values of unity in a school. First, teacher separation system throught double-session schooling system; second, grouping of teachers in teacher's office by subject; and thirdly, the focus more on syllabus than other aspects such as ethnic unity in school. This study found that these three factors contribute to the existence of ethnic gaps among teachers, but also at the same time become an obstacle to the role of teachers as effective agents of ethnic unity in schools. Hence, the school should pay attention to this issue and raise awareness of all school members on the importance of ethnic unity in the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Majallah al-Aḥkām al-‘Adliyyah belongs to the Ottoman Empire has been introduced in Johor, Malaysia during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1908). The book was brought to the Johor Government in 1893 during the reign of Johor’s Sultan Abu Bakar (1862-1895) in its Arabic language and it was translated later into Malay language and Jawi script during the reign of Sultan Ibrahim (1895-1959) in 1913. The translation was done by the Mufti of Johor and it is known as the Majalah Ahkam Johor. The book is a legal reference comprises the civil matters of muamalat, for example sale and purchase, rent and hibah, besides of containing court proceedings too. There are previous studies which affirmed that the Majalah Ahkam Johor was rarely used as a reference in court due to the expansion of colonial British in Malaya. The objective of this paper is to discuss and analyse the challenges of the use of the book in Johor and the obstacles in it’s implementation. The methodology of this study is based on qualitative design with historical research approach and document analysis from primary and contemporary data. The findings of this study shows that the use of the Majalah Ahkam Johor at the court level faced obstacles due to the British administration policy of interfering with the state legal and judicial system. Furthermore, the introduction of British law led to the abandonment of the use of Majalah Ahkam Johor as a reference on Islamic matters in Johor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the government's aspiration to stimulate our national economic growth and reduce unemployment rate in Malaysia, various efforts have been intensified to enhance the participation of SMEs entrepreneurs in the e-Commerce world. However, the involvement of SMEs entrepreneurs in this digital commerce still looks less exciting. Internet facilities are not optimally used by SMEs to explore new markets through business and digital marketing. This proves that SMEs behavioural acceptance is still low and not in line with Government aspirations. The successful implementation of intentions and actual behaviour is driven by positive attitudes, social support and a good behavioural control. By relying on the Model of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) and empirical observations through library research methodology, this concept paper reviews the strengths of each determinant in more detail in order to predict the acceptance behaviour. The discussion found that the SMEs intention and actual behaviour towards e-Commerce usage are encourage by factor of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control which is based on sub factors beliefs of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, trustworthiness, interpersonal influence, external influence, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions. Therefore, it is hoped that this study will help academic and practical field to understand these phenomena as well as provided guidance for the policymakers in reviewing e-Commerce ecosystem and mechanism to further expand SMEs participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MakeX robotics competition is one of the largest robotics competitions in Malaysia, involving participants from primary and secondary schools. The organization of this competition is unique compared to other robotics competitions, where the contestants will be given training and workshops on the basics of assembling and programming robots, as well as basic strategies for completing the tasks of the competition. Crystal UKM, as co-organizer of the competition, is responsible with providing training to competition participants, which ranging from 7 to 17 years old. In providing an effective module for this year's contestants, Crystal UKM has developed a unique mentoring program involving second and third year undergraduate students, from Electrical and Electronic Engineering programme. These undergraduate students, in addition to providing technical training, they also play a role in maximizing the potential and developing the skills of the participants, to enhance the performance of the participants, as well as to increase the competitiveness amongst the participants. This paper focuses on the role and perspective of students as mentors of contestants and examines the effectiveness of this mentoring program in enhancing the soft skills of students involved as mentors. The success of the Malaysian team won the gold medal at the international MakeX robotic competition in Guangzhou, China recently, and the achievement of two other teams in the top 20, demonstrates the effectiveness of the staging program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zurri waqf stands as an alternative for estate planning upon the death of one’s parents. Despite having current alternative such as will writing, faraid and hibah, zurri waqf is viable as instrument to distribute wealth to the loved ones. Data given by Jabatan Ketua Pengarah Tanah dan Galian (JKPTG) in 2019 shows a total of RM60 billion of unclaimed property had been recorded. Amongst of the causes are; absence of will writing and little knowledge of wealth management from the heirs. Thus, zurri waqf stand as one mechanism which can be practiced to assist the parentless child in surviving their lifes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the zurri waqf instrument as an estate planning and to identify the zurri waqf management procedures in Malaysia. This study is a qualitative nature in the form of interview and content analysis. This paper benefits readers and researchers involved in gaining more knowledge about zurri waqf as a suitable instrument for the estate planning of Muslim property such as land cultivated as agriculture and involving the participation of beneficiaries in waqf assets development that can bring significant impact in the future. In addition, the zurri waqf management procedures need to be improved in order to encourage its implementation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ahmad Ibrahim was one of the key individuals who was responsible in developing the administrative legal system in Malaysia through judicial reform of the Sharia Court. Since colonial period, the Civil Court has been dominating the country’s legal system thus inhibiting the progress and contribution of Islamic law as well as limiting the jurisdiction of the Sharia Court. This article discusses the history of the Islamic law in Malaysia in the judicial administration context as well as analyses the achievement and development of the Sharia Court seen today as a result of the contributions and ideas conceived by Ahmad Ibrahim. This study uses the qualitative method by way of document analysis from books, journal articles, conference papers, newspaper excerpts and statutes such as the Federal Constitution, Acts, Enactments and related cases. The finding suggests that the modern and dynamic landscape of Malaysia Sharia Courts today is the result of Ahmad Ibrahim’s ideas and works through administrative, legal and educational approach which is organic and non-confrontational. This approach is indeed suitable and harmonious in the context of Malaysian multiracial and religious society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refugee's narrative in Malaysia is unforeseen because most of them live in vulnerability without essential necessities such as shelters, foods, financial issues, difficulties in getting medical treatment and children living sans formal education. The instability of the refugee life has attracted the attention of many actors notably NGOs, to provide humanitarian assistance. Therefore, this paper sheds light on identifying the role of NGOs in alleviating refugee suffering and concurrently to explore how their participation contributes to community integration. This study is a case study that adopted a qualitative approach through a semi-structured interview with four MyCARE's officers and participant observation. The selection of organization has been made based on the active participation of refugees in Malaysia since its establishment. The findings show that forms of humanitarian assistance are subsistence assistance, food packs, health care, education, counselling, self-reliance and qurban have greatly reduced the burden of refugees. The NGOs involvement, activities, foreign partnerships, recipient, distribution across the globe, charitable, government support through this humanitarian activities have found elements of religious, ethnic, ethnic, gender, age and power to share in unity and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mainstream rise of "bundle" clothing consumption in Malaysia mirrors the global trend of thrift shopping. Theories about this phenomenon range from the birth of recessionistas, to environmental conservation and identity construction. In this paper, I examine the trend of "selam bundle", or diving into clothingbundles in thrift shops, where people deliberately purchase material goods to communicate their fashion tastes to the public. Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field are also used to elucidate this phenomenon. I theorise that the act of thrift shopping, or "selam bundle" here is not caused entirely due to a lack of funds based on social class, as individuals from various levels of income participate in this activity. Instead, I view "selam bundle" as an act of increasing one's "street cred" or social capital, where the more unique the find, the more "street cred" one achieves. This is also an activity that is common among the hipster subculture. Observations about thrift shopping or "selam bundle" were made using a mixed-method approach, combining visits to thrift stores, watching YouTube videos of thrift bloggers, reading their blogs, obtaining newspaper interviews and feature stories about thrift shoppers and thrift shops, and obtaining data from social media, as well as data from a large-scale survey titled Platform Integrasi:Pendekatan 'Top-Down' dan 'Bottom-Up' Dalam Mendepani Cabaran Kesepaduan Sosial (Integration Platforms: 'Top-Down' and 'Bottom-Up' Approaches to Facing Challenges in Social Cohesion). As this is a shopping act that transcends the usual social categories of social class, I theorise that "selam bundle" can be seen as a potential platform of social integration, driven by the grassroots or everyday-defined approach to constructing identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the world economy created its own footprint as a result of the phenomenon. 1/3 of that economic space is owned by the informal economy also referred to as the Local Economy or System D. The increasingly sophisticated and world-class phenomenon takes the place of the economic space left by the formal economy. The manipulation of the vast resources, the dynamic practices that take place in the legal and illegal dimensions, provide a guarantee of employment shadowed by survival. This paper traces the phenomenon occurring on the Sebatik Islands of Malaysia and Indonesia. The research approach is qualitative based on the interviews of key informants. The results suggest that this phenomenon occurs due to the fact that economic space and opportunities can be exploited for the sake of sustainability in meeting economic demands, especially marginalized groups at the border that ultimately establish a local integration of kinship relations beyond ethnicity, identity and ethnic boundaries itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses weak hadith and its requirement for the use of rule determination of Islamic law according to Shāfiʿī school. This current study objectively provides the insights for Muslims in Malaysia relating to the methods of weak hadith’s application by Shāfiʿī school. Therefore, Malay tradition could be signified on whether it is abided or not to the rule of the school. Document research method is solely used in this study by referring to the previous works, theses and related journals. The findings reported in this paper highlighted that Shāfiʿī school does not apply weak hadith in establishing the rule of Islamic law, except as a precaution to avoid makruh conducts. Thus, if the hadith is supported by way of mutābaʿāt and shawāhid, ijmak, qiyas, and the practice of the companions of the prophet, it can be used as an argument in the rule establishment. Pertaining to faḍā’il al-ʿamal issue, it has been initiated that Shāfiʿī school has not only use weak hadith in stating reward and sin, it also used in establishing the rule of istiḥbāb. Hence, weak hadith could not specify the certain guide of an ibadah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding religions from the perspective of genealogical approach is one of the main contributions by some Muslim scholars such as H.O.K Rahmat. As a broad discipline, comparative study of religions employs many approaches predominantly developed by Western scholars such as Friedrich Max Müller, one of the prominent founders of the field in the West. In the context of Malaysia, the field of comparative study of religion is still growing but some writings and books have had significant impact in terms of mapping earliest works on comparative study of religion as in the work of Muhammad Fauzi bin Haji Awang entitled World Religions (1964), published by Aman Press, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, as well as the work of Dr. H.O.K. Rahmat S.H. entitled From Adam To Muhammad (1976), by the same publisher. This paper therefore aims to highlight H.O.K. Rahmat and his contributions in the field of comparative study of religion through his book ‘From Adam To Muhammad as well as the importance of his writing in the early exploration of the field. This study is developed by using a qualitative approach based on literature study. Interviews were also conducted with two scholars of comparative religion in order to gain their views about the author and his book. It also traces the development of comparative study of religion in Malaysia and exposes the benefits and effects of this book in fostering religious understanding and building harmony among multiracial and multi-religious societies in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museum is a reflection of the civilization from a country in the aspects of heritage, culture, tradition, economy, politic and social. Museum functions as to store and conserve cultural objects that have significance and value in term of forming the identity of a country. The Sarawak museum has been standing for a century and act as a silent witness to the various changes in culture, history, politic, including social within the state. Therefore, this paperwork emphasized on the histories of Sarawak museum since the Brooke's administration until the modern Malaysia. The methodology of this paper applied the qualitative approach by interviewing multiple curators at the Sarawak museum department and reference through secondary data obtained by books and journals as to support the research. The research findings focus on the difference and renewal in the development phase of the Sarawak museum department throughout the year. The roles of the curator and the contribution to the Sarawak state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace bullying behavior was found to not only harm employees but also the organization as a whole. Findings from past research have shown that individual and situational factors act as antecedents of bullying behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between conflict and workplace bullying. Specifically, this study hypothesized both direct relationship between conflict and bullying behavior, and indirect relationship between the two variables via trust. To test the validity of the measurement model and to test the hypotheses, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) statistical technique was employed to analyze the survey data collected from 480 public officers from a large organization in Malaysia. Consistent with Conservation of Resources Theory, the results showed that conflict is directly related to bullying behavior in work unit, and indirectly related through trust as the mediator. The findings of the study contribute to the literature in counter-productive behavior (in general), and specifically in work bullying behavior, by showing the importance of conflict and trust in predicting bullying behavior in work unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is generally seen as a necessary rule in human life to make social activities successful. From the perspective of speech, languages are used for a variety of purposes such as giving thoughts, communicating, disseminating ideologies and influencing the public. Effective speeches typically have a compromise of orderly information through a pattern of informational compilation as a theme and rheme. The use of theme and rheme allows the verses in a paragraph to be well organized until the sequence of information is smoothly delivered and independent. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the type of pattern of information arrangement and clarify its usage in the 2019 Budget speech text. The data of the speech text in Malay language was downloaded by the researchers through the official portal of the Ministry of Finance Malaysia (MOF) on March 25th, 2019 - http://www.treasury.gov.my/pdf/bajet/ucapan/ub19.pdf. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative method. The theory of the thematic progression that Danes (1974) inspired was used throughout the research process. Based on the results of the study, there are four types of information ordering patterns used by the speaker, namely, linear thematic (zig-zag), perpetual theme tematic, thematic theme from hypertheme and thematic theme from detailed breakdown rheme. The collaboration of all four patterns of information shows that these patterns play a role in creating contextual, structured and easy-to-read 2019 Budget speech text. In this way, the pattern of structured information is able to structure a logical and systematic flow of information dissemination by the speaker to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses societal perceptions of the cross-social relationships in Malaysia and makes them dynamic in the context of managing and shaping social differences in Malaysian society. The foundations of nation-building in Malaysia are based on integration in which their ethnic identities are maintained and preserved in the Federal Constitution. However, there is an outsider's perception of harmony in Malaysia which is often negative. This is because they are influenced by the talk conflict in social media as if tomorrow will repeat the bloody tragedy of May 13, 1969. However, the Institute for Ethnic Studies (KITA) has clearly stated that Malaysia today is in the 'era of Social Cohesion', where the behavior of Malaysians was at the 'everyday-defined' level namely, 'they talk conflict, they walk cohesion' and this is a healthy psychosocial activity. In this regard, a study has been conducted regarding the cross-social relationships at work. This study focuses on societal's perceptions of the level of cross-social relationships at work in the context of relationships at the personal, community, and institutional levels. The research method used was a survey conducted on 554 business communities of traders and hawkers who have direct relationships to cross-social ethnic relationships. Overall, this study found that cross-social relationships at the personal, community, and institutional levels are positive and significant. This cross-ethnic practice at the grassroots level is a significant factor in the formation and strengthening the social cohesion in Malaysia as well as a assurance of the country's continued stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability in zakat accounting which is often debated in Malaysia involves three issues. First, the method of zakat accounting is income toward the benefits in kind. Second, a business earning profit but working capital is negative. Third, cost of crops and cost of living for commercial agriculture. This paper aims to identify and analyse sustainable zakat accounting practiced by zakat institutions and the opinions of zakat scholars on sustainable zakat accounting in Malaysia. Qualitative data were obtained from document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Informants consist of zakat scholars and zakat practitioners. The data obtained is analyzed through deductive and inductive content analysis. The analysis result showed that sustainable zakat accounting is practiced by the zakat institution in Malaysia. First, a wealth expansion is compulsory for zakat. Second, assessment of compulsory wealth for zakat based on net wealth; and third, the role of intent in determining the compulsory wealth of zakat. Sustainable zakat accounting is based on the views of zakat scholars in Malaysia. It is argued that there is a consensus that the fundamentals used to develop zakat accounting are rigid rats. Therefore, sustainable zakat accounting will continue to be used according to current needs and local conditions.Kelestarian dalam perakaunan zakat yang sering dibahaskan di Malaysia melibatkan tiga isu. Pertama, kaedah perakaunan zakat pendapatan terhadap manfaat berupa barangan. Kedua, perniagaan yang memperolehi keuntungan tetapi modal kerja adalah negatif. Ketiga, kos tanaman dan kos sara hidup untuk pertanian komersial. Kertas ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis perakaunan zakat lestari yang diamalkan oleh institusi zakat serta pendapat para cendekiawan zakat terhadap perakaunan zakat lestari di Malaysia. Data kualitatif diperolehi daripada analisis dokumen dan temu bual separa struktur. Informan terdiri daripada cendekiawan zakat dan pengamal zakat. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis melalui analisis kandungan secara deduktif dan induktif. Dapatan analisis mempamerkan bahawa perakaunan zakat lestari diamalkan oleh institusi zakat di Malaysia. Pertama, peluasan kekayaan yang diwajibkan zakat. Kedua, penilaian kekayaan wajib zakat berdasarkan kekayaan bersih; dan ketiga, peranan niat dalam menentukan kekayaan wajib zakat. Perakaunan zakat lestari adalah berdasarkan pandangan cendekiawan zakat di Malaysia. Dihujahkan terdapat kesepakatan bahawa asas yang digunakan untuk membangunkan perakaunan zakat adalah tikat rigid. Oleh itu, perakaunan zakat lestari akan terus digunakan bersesuai dengan keperluan semasa dan keadaan setempat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]