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Zurri waqf stands as an alternative for estate planning upon the death of one’s parents. Despite having current alternative such as will writing, faraid and hibah, zurri waqf is viable as instrument to distribute wealth to the loved ones. Data given by Jabatan Ketua Pengarah Tanah dan Galian (JKPTG) in 2019 shows a total of RM60 billion of unclaimed property had been recorded. Amongst of the causes are; absence of will writing and little knowledge of wealth management from the heirs. Thus, zurri waqf stand as one mechanism which can be practiced to assist the parentless child in surviving their lifes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the zurri waqf instrument as an estate planning and to identify the zurri waqf management procedures in Malaysia. This study is a qualitative nature in the form of interview and content analysis. This paper benefits readers and researchers involved in gaining more knowledge about zurri waqf as a suitable instrument for the estate planning of Muslim property such as land cultivated as agriculture and involving the participation of beneficiaries in waqf assets development that can bring significant impact in the future. In addition, the zurri waqf management procedures need to be improved in order to encourage its implementation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ahmad Ibrahim was one of the key individuals who was responsible in developing the administrative legal system in Malaysia through judicial reform of the Sharia Court. Since colonial period, the Civil Court has been dominating the country’s legal system thus inhibiting the progress and contribution of Islamic law as well as limiting the jurisdiction of the Sharia Court. This article discusses the history of the Islamic law in Malaysia in the judicial administration context as well as analyses the achievement and development of the Sharia Court seen today as a result of the contributions and ideas conceived by Ahmad Ibrahim. This study uses the qualitative method by way of document analysis from books, journal articles, conference papers, newspaper excerpts and statutes such as the Federal Constitution, Acts, Enactments and related cases. The finding suggests that the modern and dynamic landscape of Malaysia Sharia Courts today is the result of Ahmad Ibrahim’s ideas and works through administrative, legal and educational approach which is organic and non-confrontational. This approach is indeed suitable and harmonious in the context of Malaysian multiracial and religious society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses weak hadith and its requirement for the use of rule determination of Islamic law according to Shāfiʿī school. This current study objectively provides the insights for Muslims in Malaysia relating to the methods of weak hadith’s application by Shāfiʿī school. Therefore, Malay tradition could be signified on whether it is abided or not to the rule of the school. Document research method is solely used in this study by referring to the previous works, theses and related journals. The findings reported in this paper highlighted that Shāfiʿī school does not apply weak hadith in establishing the rule of Islamic law, except as a precaution to avoid makruh conducts. Thus, if the hadith is supported by way of mutābaʿāt and shawāhid, ijmak, qiyas, and the practice of the companions of the prophet, it can be used as an argument in the rule establishment. Pertaining to faḍā’il al-ʿamal issue, it has been initiated that Shāfiʿī school has not only use weak hadith in stating reward and sin, it also used in establishing the rule of istiḥbāb. Hence, weak hadith could not specify the certain guide of an ibadah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sabah 2020 State Legislative Assembly (DUN) General Election (GE) was held following the declaration of the dissolution of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly by the Yang Dipertua Negeri Sabah at the request of the Chief Minister of Sabah, Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal. He acted in this way because of the endless political game in Sabah by the opposition party in the state which managed to gather a number of Sabah state assemblymen with a simple majority to shift support to the former Chief Minister, Tan Sri Datuk Seri Musa Aman to be appointed as the new Chief Minister. Although the former Chief Minister brought the case of the dissolution of the Sabah State Legislative Assembly to court but in the end the GE of Sabah State Legislative Assembly was still held. This Sabah State Legislative Assembly GE is seen as a test to see the influence of WARISAN-PKR and the Perikatan Nasional (PN) in the situation of the Covic-19 epidemic. The purpose of writing this article to analyze the political influence of ethnic parties based on the Sabah 2020 GE. Based on the analysis of Sabah 2020 GE results data and analysis of secondary sources such as journal articles and conference papers, the findings show that voters support political parties in the GE of Sabah State Legislative Assembly is based on sentiment leadership partisan ethnic namely UMNO (BN) and PN (BERSATU) led by Malays support in the majority ethnic Sabah Malays and Brunei Malay by UMNO and BERSATU leadership and Rungus-Kadazan-Dusun-Murut by STAR and PBS Kadazan-Dusun ethnic leadership while WARISANPKR support in the majority ethnic Bajau by WARISAN Bajau leader and Chinese in urban by Chinese ethnic leaders from DAP and PKR allied with WARISAN. The implication from the writing of this article is that ethnic-based party politics continues to gain the trust of voters as voters are more confident and trust their own ethnic leaders to fight for their destiny in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mainstream rise of "bundle" clothing consumption in Malaysia mirrors the global trend of thrift shopping. Theories about this phenomenon range from the birth of recessionistas, to environmental conservation and identity construction. In this paper, I examine the trend of "selam bundle", or diving into clothingbundles in thrift shops, where people deliberately purchase material goods to communicate their fashion tastes to the public. Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and field are also used to elucidate this phenomenon. I theorise that the act of thrift shopping, or "selam bundle" here is not caused entirely due to a lack of funds based on social class, as individuals from various levels of income participate in this activity. Instead, I view "selam bundle" as an act of increasing one's "street cred" or social capital, where the more unique the find, the more "street cred" one achieves. This is also an activity that is common among the hipster subculture. Observations about thrift shopping or "selam bundle" were made using a mixed-method approach, combining visits to thrift stores, watching YouTube videos of thrift bloggers, reading their blogs, obtaining newspaper interviews and feature stories about thrift shoppers and thrift shops, and obtaining data from social media, as well as data from a large-scale survey titled Platform Integrasi:Pendekatan 'Top-Down' dan 'Bottom-Up' Dalam Mendepani Cabaran Kesepaduan Sosial (Integration Platforms: 'Top-Down' and 'Bottom-Up' Approaches to Facing Challenges in Social Cohesion). As this is a shopping act that transcends the usual social categories of social class, I theorise that "selam bundle" can be seen as a potential platform of social integration, driven by the grassroots or everyday-defined approach to constructing identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the world economy created its own footprint as a result of the phenomenon. 1/3 of that economic space is owned by the informal economy also referred to as the Local Economy or System D. The increasingly sophisticated and world-class phenomenon takes the place of the economic space left by the formal economy. The manipulation of the vast resources, the dynamic practices that take place in the legal and illegal dimensions, provide a guarantee of employment shadowed by survival. This paper traces the phenomenon occurring on the Sebatik Islands of Malaysia and Indonesia. The research approach is qualitative based on the interviews of key informants. The results suggest that this phenomenon occurs due to the fact that economic space and opportunities can be exploited for the sake of sustainability in meeting economic demands, especially marginalized groups at the border that ultimately establish a local integration of kinship relations beyond ethnicity, identity and ethnic boundaries itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The refugee's narrative in Malaysia is unforeseen because most of them live in vulnerability without essential necessities such as shelters, foods, financial issues, difficulties in getting medical treatment and children living sans formal education. The instability of the refugee life has attracted the attention of many actors notably NGOs, to provide humanitarian assistance. Therefore, this paper sheds light on identifying the role of NGOs in alleviating refugee suffering and concurrently to explore how their participation contributes to community integration. This study is a case study that adopted a qualitative approach through a semi-structured interview with four MyCARE's officers and participant observation. The selection of organization has been made based on the active participation of refugees in Malaysia since its establishment. The findings show that forms of humanitarian assistance are subsistence assistance, food packs, health care, education, counselling, self-reliance and qurban have greatly reduced the burden of refugees. The NGOs involvement, activities, foreign partnerships, recipient, distribution across the globe, charitable, government support through this humanitarian activities have found elements of religious, ethnic, ethnic, gender, age and power to share in unity and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of the South China Sea disputes must consider the "hedging" behavior of the claimant and non-claimant countries. This behavior is characterized by an insistence on not aligning with any of the competing powers, through intentionally contradictory actions to offset multiple risks, or through a continuous effort to maintain a fallback position. Indeed, in the face of China's increasingly assertive actions and U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy, nearly all the states in the region have avoided "balancing" (fully aligning with the U.S. to check China) and none of them have adopted "bandwagoning" (fully aligning with China for economic reasons but at the expense of autonomy and other national interests). Instead the Southeast Asian states have insisted on hedging. This paper argues that this proclivity to hedge is a result of both structural and domestic factors. Structurally, the high uncertainties surrounding China's intentions, U.S. commitment, and future U.S.-China ties have compelled the smaller states to avoid putting all their eggs in either power's basket. Domestically, for their political legitimation, the ruling elites in the states hedge to offset multiple risks and pursue mixed policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the conveyable and unconveyable factors of proper names' cultural meaning from Chinese into Malay language. This research involves 90 proper names, which are collected manually from Xiyouji, and the translated text, Hikayat Jelajah ke Barat. This study utilises a number of theories which have been identified eclectically, that is the theories of proper names by Wang Li (1947) and Li Rui (2014); the categorization of cultural meaning of proper names based on definition of Buddhism encyclopedia Zhongguo Fojiao Baike Quanshu (2001), Taoism dictionary Zhonghua Daojiao Dacidian (1995), and Li Rui's definition (2014); the accuracy of meaning based on theory of Larson (1984) and Newmark (1988). The findings show that the conveyable cultural meaning factors are the existence of cultural elements in the sociolinguistic network of Chinese-Malay language due to interaction between cultures, the application of suitable translation techniques, and the cultural meaning that is understandable through the context. The unconveyable cultural meaning factors are the non-existence of cultural meaning in the sociolinguistic network of Chinese-Malay language, and the differences in cultural meaning between the time calculation system of lunar calendar and Malay time concept. Indeed, exploring the whole cultural meaning of proper names and the application of correct translation theories are vital to ensure the proper names' cultural meaning are conveyed into the target text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern Nigeria is a Muslim dominated part of the country. Despite all the resources committed by the government in pursuit of achieving Zakat and Waqf noble objectives and different policies, embarked upon to combat poverty in the country, the realization remains a mirage in Northern Nigeria. The effectiveness of the various methods chosen in bringing about the changes has remained a question begging for answer. However, This paper, in an effort to explore opportunities, avenues and policies for making positive contributions to national development has posited that, through Zakah and Waqf every individual in the society is assured of minimum means of livelihood, The potential roles of two Islamic institutions; Zakat and Waqf in poverty eradication are herein discussed as well as how Islam uses them among others to achieve the goals. The paper attempts to define a new approach to poverty analysis and suggests a way to make the role of Zakat and Waqf more effective in the poverty reduction. The paper is analytical with presentation based on survey of relevant literature, with a view of adding to existing literature as well as synthesizing opposing views on the socio-economic role of Zakah and Waqf, also the process of their revitalization in the modern time. It concludes with other useful suggestions and recommendations for Nigerian Government and Muslims especially the Northern part.

This paper discusses the lessons to be learnt from the events in early Muslim history on how to confront and deal with extremism. This paper applies historiography methododology as well as the library method for data collection. Furthermore, a critical analysis on the historical record is undertaken using inductive and deductive methods to summarize lessons on how the early muslim had confronted with the extremism. It is worthy to begin with a brief explanation that touches on the background of the problem, followed by the definition of extremism. Next, the discussion is focusing on extremism at the time of Prophet s.a.w. and the Khawarij. Furthermore, the study concludes some lessons from history that can be taken in confronting extremism. This research paper found that the extremists should be encountered through the initiative of society as a whole. Extremism should also be faced through shaping the perception, arguments and physical encountering if necessary. It is proposed that further study should be done to identify the elements which can be listed as guidelines for arguments and fighting in confronting the extremism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In East Asia, few relationships have evolved as much as that between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. While important differences remain, relations have seen a marked improvement over the past decade, especially when compared to the considerable suspicion that once defined their relations. This paper is to examine the ASEAN-China bilateral able to establish cooperation in the context of the political, security and economic in addition to the two sides discussed the strategy in dealing with strategic issues. Hence, to deepen understanding of the subject matter of this study, some aspects of which were also discussed briefly the history of ASEAN, the background of bilateral relations ASEAN-China and China's involvement in multilateral ASEAN. In addition, this paper also analyzes the bilateral relations between both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features and classification techniques based on machine learning are often used in classifying hijaiyah letter pronunciations, however, the classification accuracy performance of hijaiyah letter pronunciations is still low even with the use of machine learning algorithms and MFCC features. Therefore, this study to analyze the features and relevant machine learning techniques will be presented in this study paper. In addition, the number of hijaiyah letters was also increased to 30 letters following the Uthmani resm. This research aims to prove that the suitable feature and relevant classification technique allows for precise classification of the pronunciation of each letter even with large amounts of letters. This research is conducted based on the six main stages in research methodologies which includes signal processing, feature searching, processing and feature selection, classification and lastly, testing, evaluation and analysis. The sampling rate used for all speech signal processing modules in this study is 44.1 kHz. The findings of the study show that the MFCC feature is the most suitable feature to classify the pronunciation of hijayah letters compared to other features that have been extracted based on the rank in the feature selection results. Comparison of accuracy performance shows that Random Forest (RF) classification technique achieves high accuracy by using MFCC feature, which is an average of 97 - 99% for each hijaiyah letter compared to other classification techniques that have been tested in this study. In conclusion, the use of MFCC features and RF classification techniques are able to provide a high performance of hijaiyah pronunciation classification accuracy, which is 98.29% on average even with the use of 30 letters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concomitantly, with the increase of the Muslim population in the world, halal awareness has been on the rise. A lot of halalindustries have emerged nowadays, and among them are halal pharmaceuticals. However, with the advancement of technology, gelatin-based products have been widely developed and are being used in the pharmaceutical industry. Its halal status can thus be questionable (mashbooh). This paper aims to study the Islamic perspective on gelatin-based products in pharmaceuticals. The study uses a qualitative method which involves literature review from al-Quran, as-Sunnah, articles in journals, and other references from the internet that can be trusted as credible data sources. In addition, the methodology of this study includes researching the istihalah method and fatwa in Malaysia to determine the halal status of gelatin in pharmaceutical products. This paper also focuses on the Malaysian Standard of Halal Pharmaceuticals-General Requirements (MS 2424:2019) and the Malaysian Halal Certification Procedure Manual- Domestic 2020 (MPPHM 2020). The findings of this study show that gelatin mostly originate from animal sources. Therefore, its halal status can be questionable even if it comes from permitted animals such as cows or chickens. This is because the animals are only considered halal if they are slaughtered according to the precepts of Islamic law. In order to address such religious concerns, there have been a lot of research on the alternatives to animal gelatin such as from marine sources and plant-based sources. From the Islamic perspective, the use of gelatin from marine sources and animals that have been slaughtered according to Islamic rules is halal. However, gelatin which are sourced from pork and its derivatives are still haram after going the process of istihalah because its chemical substances remain the same and unchanged even after istihalah. Nevertheless, during an emergency, it may be permissible to consume medication containing pork gelatin if there is no replacement or alternative for pork gelatin even if it is from haram sources.

The Malay states remain sovereign from the pre-Federation of Malaya in 1957 until today. They acquired external sovereignty through international recognition via membership of Malaya in the United Nations. International law recognises Malaysia's continental shelf, a federation comprising a few coastal states under UNCLOS 1982. A local issue close to this subject is the Malay states’ rights in the Federation of Malaysia over petroleum production within the continental shelf adjacent to their territorial waters. Hence, this paper examines a Malay state's rights over Malaysia's continental shelf. This study is a qualitative legal analysis using a case study design promoting the method of watanic jurisprudence. Therefore, the Federal Constitution, UNCLOS 1982, and various statutes are analysed to answer many related issues beforehand. This paper has found that the territorial waters of the Malay states cannot be limited to three nautical miles from the low tide line in pursuance of the Territorial Sea Act 2012 without strict compliance with Article 2 of the Federal Constitution. The legitimacy of the territorial limits of the Malay states' waters is essential as it determines their rights to the continental shelf and its petroleum production.

This research explores the formulation of the principles of Islamic education in the monotheism paradigm initiated by Naquib al-Attas. The urgency of the problem in this paper is to reveal the results of the deep contemplation of Naquib al-Attas on the practice of Islamic education nowadays which seems to have "run away" from the Islamic worldview (ru'yah al-Islām li alWujūd) which the author analyzed into five principles of the epistemology of Islamic education are based on monotheism. This library research uses qualitative data with primary sources, Prolegomena to The Metaphysics of Islam An Exposition of The Fundamental Elements of The Wordview of Islam (1995), and secondary sources from the works of Naguib al-Attas, including other people's work on their ideas and thoughts. This research result conclusions: First, the interpretation of monotheism is not limited to the theocentric dimension alone, but rather develops in the meaning in the anthropocentric dimension as well as the integration between the two in education and science so that the proper and true education term is ta'dib. Second, the implications of education as ta'dib, gave birth to the consequences of five principles of the epistemology of Islamic education in a monotheistic paradigm to be used as a reference in the system and process of civilized Islamic education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teenager is a phase in life that needs more attention. Adolescent psychological instability can cause many conflicts and confusion if not managed properly. In a process of self-development, adolescents will face a variety of challenges that may affect their motivation. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic injection of religious motivation is essential. Using holistic content analysis and observation methods, this paper attempts to analyze the motivational approaches used and its applications in the module of Motivasi Alihan Pelajar (MAP). Based on the analysis, all eleven slots contained in the module used a religious motivation approach consisting of the first step; cognitive and emotional management and second; continuous action. This study concludes, interventions for adolescent self-development through these two religious motivational approaches are found to be more comprehensive and appropriate to their psychological needs. Therefore, this approach should be applied to facilitate holistic adolescent self-development processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding religions from the perspective of genealogical approach is one of the main contributions by some Muslim scholars such as H.O.K Rahmat. As a broad discipline, comparative study of religions employs many approaches predominantly developed by Western scholars such as Friedrich Max Müller, one of the prominent founders of the field in the West. In the context of Malaysia, the field of comparative study of religion is still growing but some writings and books have had significant impact in terms of mapping earliest works on comparative study of religion as in the work of Muhammad Fauzi bin Haji Awang entitled World Religions (1964), published by Aman Press, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, as well as the work of Dr. H.O.K. Rahmat S.H. entitled From Adam To Muhammad (1976), by the same publisher. This paper therefore aims to highlight H.O.K. Rahmat and his contributions in the field of comparative study of religion through his book ‘From Adam To Muhammad as well as the importance of his writing in the early exploration of the field. This study is developed by using a qualitative approach based on literature study. Interviews were also conducted with two scholars of comparative religion in order to gain their views about the author and his book. It also traces the development of comparative study of religion in Malaysia and exposes the benefits and effects of this book in fostering religious understanding and building harmony among multiracial and multi-religious societies in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of recent archaeological survey conducted in the Ulu Tembeling area of Sungai Tembeling, Pahang. The survey was carried out from 8 March to 14 March 2020 by a research group, headed by Dr. Suresh Narayanen, from the Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. The purpose of the survey was to revisit prehistoric sites in the Ulu Tembeling area as well as to assess the current potentiality of those sites for further archaeological investigation. In addition, the survey aimed to locate and record new and insitu sites in the area. The survey was done using standard and basic archaeological survey methods and equipment which comprising topography and geological maps, Global Positioning System (GPS), metal detector, digital cameras and suitable tools to collect surface finds. The results of the survey showed that sites like Kampung Bantal and Jeram Koi are no longer insitu while Bukit Komel appear to be intact and suitable for further archaeological work. Some of the surface finds discovered and collected at Bukit Komel during the survey were pottery sherds and stone adzes, probably dated to the Late Neolithic Period. Two new areas, one at the old cemetery site of Bukit Karim and another one next to Jeram Koi, were identified to have high potential for future archaeological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the migration of the Malays to Kerian, Perak from 1816 until 1873. The migration of the Malays from Malay states in general and in Perak specifically before the British colonisation in 1874, has never been discussed in detail in any publications on migration as the main subject. Instead, the existing writings on the Malays' migration of Peninsular Malay states date their discussions back to the British colonial intervention in 1874. Lack of resources is the main factor impeding more discussions of the topic research on the migration still needs to be done to fill in the gaps in scholarship on the migration among Malays in the Peninsula. In addition, the existing writings on migration in the Peninsular Malay states focus on the migration of the Chinese and Indian migrants as well as the migration of the Malays from the islands of the Dutch Indies (now known as the Indonesian Archipelago). This helps raise questions on the existence as well as importance of the internal Malay migration in the Peninsula. This article finds that, the internal migration of the Malays which refers to the migration from Kedah, Seberang Perai and Pulau Pinang beginning from 1816 was very significant in the emergence of Kerian as an important paddy cultivation district to the Perak administration as direct British colonisation of Perak in 1874 approached. The primary sources used in writing this article are the records of the British administrators in the Straits Settlements and The Burney Papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotions related to the need to write and publish in journals are love, fear, anxiety and despair. Regulation of these 4 emotions is essential to the success of a journal writing and publication. The purpose of this study is to examine how academics can regulate emotions as they better understand the process of writing and publishing in journals and also the skills they need in such process. Therefore, this research paper aims to evaluate the journal articles and books on journal writing and publishing from year 2000 to 2018. A total of 16 journal articles and 8 books written by global academics were evaluated to identify the requirements for writing and publishing, content of high-impact journal articles and their role in the academic's career. The data were analysed thematically by focussing on 4 skills, namely reading, doing research, writing and publishing skills. The findings revealed that writing journal articles was not a daunting task, but academics must succeed in regulating emotions by mastering the techniques and styles of effective academic writing. Further improvement in mastery of these 4 skills could contribute to the dissemination of research findings worldwide. This suggestion contributes to the capacity of emotion regulation by instilling love for writing and publishing in journals. In addition, the proposed follow-up study is to investigate the practical point of view regarding love for journal writing and publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malay, like any other languages in the world, is known for its diverse metaphorical expressions to convey specific purposes as an alternative to the literal expressions. Although typically, speakers of a language are able to distinguish literal expressions from the metaphorical ones, little is known about how these differences are identified in the cognition. Hence, this paper discusses findings of a study that investigates the cognitive processes in reading Malay literal and metaphorical expressions from a psycholinguistic perspective. This study that involved 40 Malay students reading 40 Malay sentences with 20 literal and 20 metaphorical expressions used the Tobii TX300 Eye Tracking Devices (APGM) as a tool to link eye movement patterns with reader's cognition. The findings show that only six out of the 20 expressions studied show significant differences between the two expression types in their visit counts, fixation duration, and fixation counts. Qualitatively, analysis of visual representation of heatmaps and gaze plots shows differences when the two types of expressions are read. To explain the difference, the DBP corpus data was used to see how the expressions are used in everyday contexts. This paper concludes that the processing patterns of Malay literal and metaphorical expressions in the cognition of Malay speakers are influenced by the frequency of usage by their speakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the Education For All (EFA), education is an absolute right to all the children in this world. UNICEF as one of the United Nations body provides humanitarian and development programme to children around the world, including promoting education for girls and ensuring at least to complete their primary education. The struggle for children educational development involves the role of the media and is an important issue among administrators and politicians. However, unknowingly sources from the genre of literature, especially autobiographical works can stimulate interest and even preserve education for children. In Literature, the study of figures in the autobiographical works can be an effective medium to cultivate good values to the children. Hence, this paper attempts to explain how the genre of autobiography as one the varieties from the literary works can be used as a new platform in the revolution of children education. This discussion explores how a Children's Figure Malala Yousafzai from Mingora, a small town in Pakistan; in her autobiography I Am Malala fight for children girls education in Pakistan. In 2014, Malala's autobiography has been recognized with the Nobel-Peace Award. Malala's autobiography has inspired the world and triggered world leaders to recognize children education. The story of her struggle depicted in her autobiography I Am Malala has inspired not only Pakistanis but also world leaders in recognizing education for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museum is a reflection of the civilization from a country in the aspects of heritage, culture, tradition, economy, politic and social. Museum functions as to store and conserve cultural objects that have significance and value in term of forming the identity of a country. The Sarawak museum has been standing for a century and act as a silent witness to the various changes in culture, history, politic, including social within the state. Therefore, this paperwork emphasized on the histories of Sarawak museum since the Brooke's administration until the modern Malaysia. The methodology of this paper applied the qualitative approach by interviewing multiple curators at the Sarawak museum department and reference through secondary data obtained by books and journals as to support the research. The research findings focus on the difference and renewal in the development phase of the Sarawak museum department throughout the year. The roles of the curator and the contribution to the Sarawak state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace bullying behavior was found to not only harm employees but also the organization as a whole. Findings from past research have shown that individual and situational factors act as antecedents of bullying behavior. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between conflict and workplace bullying. Specifically, this study hypothesized both direct relationship between conflict and bullying behavior, and indirect relationship between the two variables via trust. To test the validity of the measurement model and to test the hypotheses, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) statistical technique was employed to analyze the survey data collected from 480 public officers from a large organization in Malaysia. Consistent with Conservation of Resources Theory, the results showed that conflict is directly related to bullying behavior in work unit, and indirectly related through trust as the mediator. The findings of the study contribute to the literature in counter-productive behavior (in general), and specifically in work bullying behavior, by showing the importance of conflict and trust in predicting bullying behavior in work unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health is an important component for well-being beside physical health. Recent years, mental illness has become a challenge in society. However, public stigma towards mental illness is very bad. This stigma makes people with mental illness have difficulty to recover and to get help from society. This paper reports the evidences gathered through the recovered patients themselves of the importance of openness towards mental illness and the need for removal of stigma towards mental illness. There were six interviewees participated in a study conducted in a nongovernmental organization (NGO) that supports mental wellness at Petaling Jaya City. The permission of interview was granted by the NGO's management and also the participants. The data gathered was open-ended answers addressing questions which are related to their feeling, public perceptions and also their expectation of the society and supports provided by external parties such as government. The results of the study show that the perception towards mental illness patients should be more open and receptive. Supports and reception given to them is crucial. Public and government should work together to build a mentally healthy and supportive environment for a better society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language is generally seen as a necessary rule in human life to make social activities successful. From the perspective of speech, languages are used for a variety of purposes such as giving thoughts, communicating, disseminating ideologies and influencing the public. Effective speeches typically have a compromise of orderly information through a pattern of informational compilation as a theme and rheme. The use of theme and rheme allows the verses in a paragraph to be well organized until the sequence of information is smoothly delivered and independent. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the type of pattern of information arrangement and clarify its usage in the 2019 Budget speech text. The data of the speech text in Malay language was downloaded by the researchers through the official portal of the Ministry of Finance Malaysia (MOF) on March 25th, 2019 - http://www.treasury.gov.my/pdf/bajet/ucapan/ub19.pdf. This research is a descriptive study using qualitative method. The theory of the thematic progression that Danes (1974) inspired was used throughout the research process. Based on the results of the study, there are four types of information ordering patterns used by the speaker, namely, linear thematic (zig-zag), perpetual theme tematic, thematic theme from hypertheme and thematic theme from detailed breakdown rheme. The collaboration of all four patterns of information shows that these patterns play a role in creating contextual, structured and easy-to-read 2019 Budget speech text. In this way, the pattern of structured information is able to structure a logical and systematic flow of information dissemination by the speaker to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam puts women in a very noble position after the advent of Islam. The question often asked to the community is the rights and roles of women in an institution. In fact, the role of women today is on par with the role of men as long as they do not conflict with Islamic law. In addition, the issue of this woman's role is a warm conversation as it touches on the persecution committed against women. The 'Sorrounding Woman of Sorban' film opened the eyes of the community to recognize the woman more closely. The film has been adapted from novel to movie level to highlight issues raised specifically for Muslim women. The film also features persecution against women. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the rights of Muslim women in the Sorban Banded Woman film. In addition, this study will link the issues of women with the role of women in Islam. The methodology used in this study is library study and document analysis. Information is obtained through scientific references related to research titles such as books, theses, papers, newspapers, articles, the internet, and other suitable materials for reference. The results of this study will find that the researcher will differentiate the reality of the role of women today with the 'Perempuan Berkalung Sorban' film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homestay is one of the approaches often sought in developing rural tourism. In developing homestays, many scholars reveal that a community-based tourism approach is an effective and successful way of leveraging entrepreneurs as well as homestay community. On another note, scholars suggest the cooperative approach is a successful means for homestay development. In fact, parts of the successful homestays which have achieved the Asean Homestay Standard are the homestays operated through cooperatives. However, how this approach is implemented is scarcely researched. This paper aims to uncover the mechanism on how cooperatives develop homestay programs and how they can sustain acceptance of members of the community. This study is based on the in-depth research and a survey of 122 cooperative members in three homestays, which have won the Asean Homestay Standard in Negeri Sembilan comprising the Pachitan Homestay, Lonek Homestay and Rawa Homestay. The findings reveal a cooperative approach that benefits the community in facilitating homestay development. The co-operatives and communities have embraced the cooperative approach well because its management is two-way, engaging and add values, homestay as a business. Members and communities are involved not only in the planning, development and implementation stages, but also in the assessment of their performance. Emphasis on the governance, business, promotion and evaluation as well as human capital development has made a difference for members and the community. This cooperative approach not only uplifts the hopes of members and the community, but also empowers them and proves that homestay is a successful community-based tourism development model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every individual wants a comfortable home and a reasonable price to produce a good quality of life. House can be a symbol of one's wealth and achievement. The value of house generally increases every year and purchasing a house can be a long-term investment asset. Therefore, the decision to buy a house is an important decision in one's life where the mistake of making a choice will lead to high financial burden especially for middle-income households. Therefore, it is the purpose of this article to study the factors of home ownership in the Tras state constituency, Raub, Pahang. The writing of this paper is based on methodology of questionnaires were distributed to 380 respondents which consist of groups of middle-income households. Next, the data from the questionnaires were analysed using SPSS software and presented in tables as well as the writing of the results of this study confirmed with the relevant secondary sources. The results show that the majority of respondents agreed that the issue of house ownership could be resolved by government intervention whereby the government should regulate house prices. Therefore, the findings of this study are intended to serve as a general reference or guide for all parties, especially developers and the government in solving the problem of house ownership in the study area. The parties must also be more attentive to meeting the needs of the community while at the same time ensuring the wellbeing of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: This paper aims to highlight the voicing contrast of Arabic and Malay fricatives produced by Malay native speakers. Previous studies show that Malay speakers often make mistakes on Arabic pharyngealisation. Methodology: This study, thus, analysed the frication duration characteristics of Malay and Arabic fricatives in initial word position and highlight their similarities and differences. The spectrographic analysis method via Praat software was utilized to enable the researcher to transfer speech recording data into a spectrogram and analysed acoustically. A total of 2960 spectrograms was obtained from the recording of 24 subjects' utterences. The subjects are undergraduate students of Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The recording process was performed in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, UKM recording studio using TASCAM MP3 / WAV recorder. A word list that contains the fricative sound at the beginning of each word in both languages was read by subjects with comfortable speech level, i.e. neither slow nor too fast. Subjects were asked to repeat the word five times. Findings: The result of the acoustic analysis was manipulated using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This study found that the fricative sound / s / is longer than the sound / z / for both languages. The findings also show that there is no significant relationship between sound / س / and / sˤ / and / / ز and / zˤ /. In particular, this study confirms that not all Arabic pharyngealisation are influenced by their native language. It can be mastered also by non-native speakers of Arabic. Contributions: This study provides significant implications for learning Arabic as a second language in Malaysia as well as the development of acoustic phonetics, particularly, in improving the fricative pronunciation of Arabic among native speakers of Malay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses societal perceptions of the cross-social relationships in Malaysia and makes them dynamic in the context of managing and shaping social differences in Malaysian society. The foundations of nation-building in Malaysia are based on integration in which their ethnic identities are maintained and preserved in the Federal Constitution. However, there is an outsider's perception of harmony in Malaysia which is often negative. This is because they are influenced by the talk conflict in social media as if tomorrow will repeat the bloody tragedy of May 13, 1969. However, the Institute for Ethnic Studies (KITA) has clearly stated that Malaysia today is in the 'era of Social Cohesion', where the behavior of Malaysians was at the 'everyday-defined' level namely, 'they talk conflict, they walk cohesion' and this is a healthy psychosocial activity. In this regard, a study has been conducted regarding the cross-social relationships at work. This study focuses on societal's perceptions of the level of cross-social relationships at work in the context of relationships at the personal, community, and institutional levels. The research method used was a survey conducted on 554 business communities of traders and hawkers who have direct relationships to cross-social ethnic relationships. Overall, this study found that cross-social relationships at the personal, community, and institutional levels are positive and significant. This cross-ethnic practice at the grassroots level is a significant factor in the formation and strengthening the social cohesion in Malaysia as well as a assurance of the country's continued stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses two integration curriculum models applied in the the curriculum of Islamic Education. One of the models is the interdisciplinary Robin Forgarty's Integrated Curriculum Model which explains the concept of integrated curricula. Another model used in this paper is the Selangor State Integrative and Holistic Education Model. The integration concept and its relation to other knowledge discipline introduced by Forgarty is carried out by matching a subject with another subject based on their similarities in the concepts, skills, values, themes and topics. In this research, we used content analysis to gather detailed information on the topic at hand. The main finding illustrated that the meaningful teaching and learning practice among teachers and students is the major focus of the model. The students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills must (should?) be emphasized by teachers. At the same time, important skills such as metacognitive, study skills and problem solving skills should be reinforced given the diversity in knowledge discipline. The paradigm of these models reflects that the teacher's synergy is needed to develop cooperation in assimilating one's discipline in the process of curriculum integration at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability in zakat accounting which is often debated in Malaysia involves three issues. First, the method of zakat accounting is income toward the benefits in kind. Second, a business earning profit but working capital is negative. Third, cost of crops and cost of living for commercial agriculture. This paper aims to identify and analyse sustainable zakat accounting practiced by zakat institutions and the opinions of zakat scholars on sustainable zakat accounting in Malaysia. Qualitative data were obtained from document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Informants consist of zakat scholars and zakat practitioners. The data obtained is analyzed through deductive and inductive content analysis. The analysis result showed that sustainable zakat accounting is practiced by the zakat institution in Malaysia. First, a wealth expansion is compulsory for zakat. Second, assessment of compulsory wealth for zakat based on net wealth; and third, the role of intent in determining the compulsory wealth of zakat. Sustainable zakat accounting is based on the views of zakat scholars in Malaysia. It is argued that there is a consensus that the fundamentals used to develop zakat accounting are rigid rats. Therefore, sustainable zakat accounting will continue to be used according to current needs and local conditions.Kelestarian dalam perakaunan zakat yang sering dibahaskan di Malaysia melibatkan tiga isu. Pertama, kaedah perakaunan zakat pendapatan terhadap manfaat berupa barangan. Kedua, perniagaan yang memperolehi keuntungan tetapi modal kerja adalah negatif. Ketiga, kos tanaman dan kos sara hidup untuk pertanian komersial. Kertas ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis perakaunan zakat lestari yang diamalkan oleh institusi zakat serta pendapat para cendekiawan zakat terhadap perakaunan zakat lestari di Malaysia. Data kualitatif diperolehi daripada analisis dokumen dan temu bual separa struktur. Informan terdiri daripada cendekiawan zakat dan pengamal zakat. Data yang diperolehi dianalisis melalui analisis kandungan secara deduktif dan induktif. Dapatan analisis mempamerkan bahawa perakaunan zakat lestari diamalkan oleh institusi zakat di Malaysia. Pertama, peluasan kekayaan yang diwajibkan zakat. Kedua, penilaian kekayaan wajib zakat berdasarkan kekayaan bersih; dan ketiga, peranan niat dalam menentukan kekayaan wajib zakat. Perakaunan zakat lestari adalah berdasarkan pandangan cendekiawan zakat di Malaysia. Dihujahkan terdapat kesepakatan bahawa asas yang digunakan untuk membangunkan perakaunan zakat adalah tikat rigid. Oleh itu, perakaunan zakat lestari akan terus digunakan bersesuai dengan keperluan semasa dan keadaan setempat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the concept of hedging as understood in the financial system for both the conventional and Islamic systems has the same goal, which is to manage risk. Muslim scholars agree that hedging is permissible according to the syara’ as it brings about maslahah and fulfills the maqasid al-shari’ah principles. This article aims to assess the position of hedging according to syara’ and then propose hedging parameters that are consistent with Islamic principles. This study also seeks to evaluate futures as one of the hedging instruments for the determination of compliance in Malaysia with shariah principles based on the proposed hedging parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of contemporary Salafi school in the mainstream Muslims is intended to make the Ahl al-Salaf as the primary models of faith and to return the related problems of faith according to the path taken by the companions and tabi'in, which had been quoted only from the al-Quran and al-Sunnah. These stances left great influences on their method of interpretations upon the Quranic verses including the Ayat al-Sifat (verses on Divine Attributes) and condemning others out of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. Therefore this research is intended to identify responses of Muslim figures and scholars against the Contemporary Salafi School's stances and their method of interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat. In addition, this research is also intended to explain the views of the majority of scholars on the conceptual and methods of interpretation of Ayat al-Sifat adopted by the Ahl al- Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah. The paper is produced with the synthesization of content analysis that focuses on published works by selected Contemporary Salafi school figures and other muslim scholars and also relevant contemporary researchers in relation to these issues of Ayat al-Sifat and its methods of interpretations. The results of this research found that most scholars do not accept the method of literal interpretations on Ayat al-Sifat proclaimed by Contemporary Salafi School due to the existence of two catogeries of the Quranic verses, which are known as Wadih Jalli and Khafi Mutashabih or Mutashabih al-Sifat. In certain cases, the method of 'ta'wil' is highly needed to clarify the meaning of Ayat al-Sifat so easily understood by human intellect and at the same time to purify Allah the almighty from signs of weaknesses and resemblance. The extreme acts from Contemporary Salafi School in defending their methods of interpretations make them an 'exclusive' school which separated themselves from other muslims, and limit the diversity of the methods of interpretations enabled by the majority of mufassirin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abdullah Thufail Saputra, a Pakistani-Javanese descendant, was one of the most influential figures in the spread of puritan da'wah in Solo in the 1970s and 1990s. He founded the Majlis Tafsir Al-Qur'an, which is now the largest and most massive Islamic organization in Solo. This study uses a qualitative approach. This study is complemented by essential elements such as observations, as well as in-depth interviews with some of Thufail's closest people. This study also examines some of the necessary documents, especially Thufail era brochures, MTA study recordings, and other documents. This study tries to explore Abdullah Thufail's intellectual journey, starting from his traditional educational background, changing his outlook from a traditional person to later becoming a Salafipuritan, his missionary struggle, and how he founded and developed the MTA. This paper also discusses the struggle of MTA in accepting the sole principle of Pancasila and how MTA subsequently changed orientation after joining the New Order circle in 1984. The author also argues that the doctrine of zakat and jihad, which Thufail interpreted, became the central pillar for further MTA da'wah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assumption of the unlimited human wants (UnHW) is based on a conventional economic philosophy. Economic philosophies are often derived from theories by post-classical philosophy that founded the capitalist system and theories of Marxist. Besides that, post-Marxist philosophy founded the socialist and communist systems. Both capitalist and Marxist philosophers believe that human's wants are unlimited. The assumptions of the UnHW are adopted by Islamic economists before being practised and assimilated into Islamic elements or also known as assumptions in Islamic economics. There is a concern whether the assumption of the UnHW is accepted in Islamic economics. If the assumption is not true, what is the assumption of human's wants according to Islamic law? This paper intended to identify and analyse the assumptions of the UnHW based on Islamic principles. The data were obtained from library studies and this study used content and textual analyses to achieve the goal. This study found that the assumptions of the UnHW are in line with Islamic principles that can be proposed for the Islamic economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with the deinstitutionalisation movement, amendment on the Child Act 2001 in year 2016 has highlighted the priority of placing children who are separated from their birth families into family care system. It shows that foster care is getting more attention in Malaysia for care and protection in line with the child's best interest. However, little is known on the awareness and understanding of the general public towards the concept of foster care. Their understanding give direct impact to the effort of placing children into foster care because they are the primary resource for foster parents. Hence, this paper is intended to explore child care applicants' understanding towards foster care concept in Malaysia. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit 23 participants who had engaged with Social Welfare Department Malaysia in applying children for care. They had participated semistructured interviews and shared their understanding on foster care. Overall, majority of participants had limited understanding on the concept of foster care. The foster care concept had been mostly misinterpreted as adoption. Using the thematic analysis, participants' understanding can be further explained in three themes, namely (i) foster child is a nonexistent concept, (ii) intended to apply for adopted child, and (iii) felt cheated after receiving the children. On the other hand, participants' understanding can be categorised into three levels, namely (i) quite clear, (ii) not sure and (iii) no understanding. Based on the three themes and three levels of understanding, a preliminary framework of understanding foster care concept is constructed for the Malaysian context. This is followed by discussion and recommendation on appropriate intervention and support services. In conclusion, foster care concept has to be widely promoted to the general public and this is imperative to safeguard the best interest of the children who in need of care and protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the principle of justice displayed by the character of Saidina Umar in the world of traditional Malay literature. It is common to know that Saidina Umar is an important figure in the history of Islamic civilization, which is well-known for its firm and fair nature in dropping a law. Justice is one of the main pillars in shaping harmony in a society. Through comprehensive enforcement of justice, every individual will have the assurance of safety and the right to present a complaint, thereby avoiding tyranny. By focusing on the text of Hikayat Abu Syahmah, the objective of this study is to discern the concept of justice displayed on the character of Saidina Umar, in executing punishment according to Islamic law. The methodology of this study is to use the library method as well as content analysis of the hikayat. The findings show that Islamic justice radiated through the character of Saidina Umar in Hikayat Abu Syahmah has gone through three major principles in Islam namely hearing a complaint, tabayyun (investigation) and sentencing. The exposure to the concept of a comprehensive Islamic justice through the hikayat, has proved that Saidina Umar's character was a fair caliph in implementing his rule over Muslims. Hence, the character is able to be an example for current readers, in an effort to improve their character and personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation and fast-growing information technology have strikingly changed the approaches to ESL teaching and learning in the past few decades. On account of the increasing demands of the 21st century, the awareness on the importance of listening skills, especially listening comprehension, has grown tremendously. This is due to the realisation that excellent listening comprehension enables learners to communicate effectively and meaningfully. However, in the Malaysian context, studies found that listening skills are still perceived as less important than other language skills. Therefore, this paper aims to fill the gap by developing ‘The Adventure of Mat Kilau’, an interactive computer game to enhance ESL learners’ listening comprehension. The game features a Malay hero ‘Mat Kilau’ as the main character and different tasks which need the players to listen to verbal instructions. This paper also describes the stages of the research which include the needs analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Based on the findings, it is concluded that this interactive game works as a fun, challenging, and motivating tool for lower primary ESL listening comprehension.

Given the exposure to today's easy-to-know information, children should seemingly become mature faster than their predecessors, and therefore better informed even at a tender age. However, it remains to be seen whether fixingthe age of 18 forminors or children to enter into contracts is relevant. This paper focuses on contract law; it examines the age of majority and the legal implications of contracts entered into by minors. To a certain extent, this paper examines the issue by making comparisons between Malaysian and English law. The findings derived imply that the determination of the age of majority needs to be compatible with the capacity of minors and current realities. This determination must be premised on a fair balance between protecting minors' welfare and the interest of those who have attained the age of majority.

In the domain ofintellectual property (IP), the Geographical Indication (GI) is deemed to be a sleeping beauty due to its imperial reverberation in consolidating cultural and economic values, particularly in the developing and least developed countries. Bangladesh, being rich in cultural diversities and traditions, has a number of world famous foodstuffs, handicrafts, agricultural products and cultural heritage that could qualify as geographical indications. In this context, the country introduced a sui generis method of GI protection with the promulgation of the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 2013, which was also monumental in discharging Bangladesh's obligation under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The present paper has :firstly chosen to examine the concept of the GI and its legal framework from the IP perspective in order to safeguard both the cultural legacy and genuine producers of geographically exhibiting products of Bangladesh. The key focus of this paper is, however, on the compatibility of TRIPS to Bangladeshi law, particularly inrelation to the aspects of protection and registration of Gls, and to identify the unexplored challenges that the country is supposed to confront as a developing nation. Finally, this article portrays some way-outs to combat potential challenges and help ensure the prospects of Bangladesh in an ever expanding local and global market of GI goods.

In the last few decades, Malaysia has become a global hub for higher education services. Policies and programs have been put in place to improve the higher education system in the country and attract more international students. This development needs to be aligned with an effective dispute resolution framework to ensure the continuous development of the Malaysian higher education sector. The methodology employed in this paper is a doctrinal method based on the nature of the discourse. To examine the relevant higher education concepts and dispute resolution framework, research papers pertinent to the subject were analysed. In addition, relevant legislations were consulted to determine the adequacy of the existing legal framework for dispute resolution in the higher education context in Malaysia. The main objective of this paper is to examine the nature of education services and the existing dispute resolution mechanisms in the Malaysian higher education sector. The paper will explore education services as either a "public good" or a "private good" and whether students are consumers in the real sense and have consumer rights. This research establishes that although scholars have often argued as to whether or not students are consumers, in Malaysia and other Asian countries, students are perceived as customers, and therefore, the interest, welfare and satisfaction of students must always be of utmost priority. A thorough study of the existing laws reveals that there is an inadequate provision in the education laws in Malaysia, especially regarding the mechanisms of dispute resolution in its higher education institutions.

Many parties face difficulties in performing contracts due to the economic dislocation since the outbreak of COVID-19. The extraordinary nature of this pandemic situation calls for good faith in contractual settings. The discussion of this paper focuses on the imposition in a force majeure event which will cause many contracts to be unenforceable. The research method used doctrinal analysis to discuss the force majeure clause in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the obligation of good faith in contracts. This paper will discuss the COVID-19 pandemic as a force majeure event, arguing that the rise of "good faith" in contract law and the application of "good faith" in contracts as a mitigation for a force majeure event. The paper will then present its conclusion and recommendations. The findings highlight the significance of applying "good faith" in the event of force majeure and beyond as a mitigating factor in alleviating uncertainty and unfairness.

The Islamic world has been confronted with many challenges in recent history such as situations of violence, armed conflict, global pandemic and natural disasters. One of the many catastrophic consequences of such events are the findings of numerous unidentified bodies. Is the identification of dead bodies a legal obligation under both Islamic law and International Humanitarian Law (IHL) or is it merely a moral duty to help grieving family members? The purpose of this research is first, to give an overview of the Islamic law principles governing the identification of the dead. Second, to illustrate those principles with current examples of humanitarian challenges in the Islamic world. Third, to compare those Islamic law principles to IHL rules applicable in armed conflicts and demonstrate that both IHL and Islamic Law aim to end the suffering of families of missing persons. This research demonstrates that both Islamic law and IHL have rules which aim to protect the dignity and respect of dead bodies and they complement each other in contexts of armed conflicts or other situations of violence. By identifying the similarities and complementarities of both bodies of law this research paper contributes to expanding the legal framework which can be promoted and used by humanitarians to protect families of the dead and end their suffering by obtaining information on the fate and whereabouts of their loved ones. In cases of mismanagement of the dead, in Muslim contexts, resulting in the burial of unidentified bodies, humanitarians should discuss with religious authorities and raise the various principles of Islamic law described in this paper such as the prohibition of collective graves and cremation and the exceptions made in practice for the exhumation of dead bodies. International scholars should also underscore the importance of storing information on the deceased before burying them and of participating in the development of forensic science in Islamic countries.

The paper discusses one variant Melanau (VM) in Sarawak, namely variants Melanau Oya (VM OA). The objective in this paper is to evaluate and reorganize aspects of phonology which has yet to get clarification on a number of studies on VM OA especially in determining the amount of phoneme inventory. Therefore, this study aimed to affect aspects of phonetics and phonology to describe how the phonological system VM OA with displays spread vowel, diphthong, consonant and see the presence of alternation in this OA VM. The approach used to achieve the objectives of this study is the structural approach. The results prove that the VM OA has 6 vowel phonemes, namely / i, u, e, o, ↔ a/, four diphthongs /-oj, -aw, -aj, -ej / and have 20 consonant phonemes which consist of seven explosive consonants/p, b, t, d, k, g, /, two africate consonants/t∑, dZ/, three fricative consonants/s, h/, four nasal consonants/m, n, /, a vibration consonant / r /, a lateral consonant / l / and two semi-vowel consonants / w, j /. This research hopes to find something missing, reveal the hidden and produce a breakthrough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss the involvement of Adam Malik in his capacity as Foreign Minister of Indonesia upon the establishment of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) starting from 1967 to 1977. Adam Malik was one of the founding figures of Indonesia on the formation of the Association of the Southeast Asia or often referred to by ASEAN. The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent of the involvement of Adam Malik over the establishment of ASEAN, where this establishment as pillars of observers to five neighbouring countries-to be able to solve regional problems among Southeast Asia in order to establish peace in the region. This study uses qualitative methods with the use of primary sources and use of secondary sources. Adam Malik had an important role to influence the Indonesian Government to follow as well as in the establishment of ASEAN because of suspicions among President Soeharto was very high in the establishment of this assosiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muslim counselor in school is a professional guide who can help schools to reduce students' misbehavior and to implement Islamic values as a way of life. The Islamic approach is the approach implemented by the school counselor in dealing student's misbehavior. However, the practice of Islamic approach using by Muslim counselor at school in dealing with students' misbehavior has not been studied extensively. This paper is aimed to discuss and analyze the Islamic approach adopted by the Muslim counselor as an effort to deal the students' misbehavior in secondary schools in Klang District, Selangor. Data in this paper were collected through a quantitative survey research. By using purposive sampling, a total of 73 Muslim counselors from secondary schools in the Klang District were selected as respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The study shows that Muslim counselor in schools has implemented the Islamic preventive approach through programs such as anti-smoking talks, HIV and AIDS talks, selfidentity courses, leadership courses, religious talks, and visiting program to rehabilitation center. This study also shows that Muslim counselor practicing Islamic preventive approach in dealing students' misbehavior such as guiding students to perform solat fardu five times a day, to respect human being and environment, to behave with persistence, to commit with a good or ma`ruf deed, and to select a good mass media. As a whole, the Islamic preventive approach by the Muslim counselor has given a huge implication especially to develop an Islamic counseling index in dealing students' misbehavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the experience of one of the Islamic world universities in teaching Arabic language online (remotely); It is the Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University (UNISSA). The paper dealt with this experience by stating its most important components, characteristics, reasons, and the most important challenges and difficulties it faced, at the same time, the study suggested some recommendations that may contribute to addressing those challenges. The study concluded that the experience of "Teaching Arabic language online" at Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University is a very modern experience created by the circumstances of the Corona pandemic, which obligated everyone to social distancing as a part of safety measures as well as one of the foundations of distance education. The study concluded also that this experience has strengthened the idea of adopting this system in the future, and taking it as part of the education system at the university; taking into account the tremendous technological developments that have imposed themselves on the world and the changes in the life system with the pandemic and beyond it, especially in the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam, which is considered a role model in controlling the pandemic and preventing its spread. The study recommended the need to conduct more field research to determine the appropriateness of this type of education for learners, and the extent to which it achieves its educational goals.