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Data independent acquisition tensor (DIAT), a specialized mass spectrometry data format, is intricately crafted for acquiring the meticulous processing and analysis of proteomics data through the advanced methodology of data independent acquisition (DIA). Compared to conventional approaches, DIAT technique has the advantages of the seamless processing of data visualization and efficient deep learning model training, ensuring a convenient user experience. Despite these merits, the DIAT mass spectrometry data format remains a relatively recent introduction. As a consequence, comprehensive principles and methodologies elucidating the nuances of this data format are predominantly found within the confines of specialized literatures. Furthermore, the absence of robust software platform supporting for the utilization of DIAT format data is a key impediment, hindering the widespread application in various scientific domains. In response to these challenges, a meticulously designed software solution for the comprehensive handling and analyzing of DIAT data was introduced in this study. Leveraging the robust capabilities of the PyQt framework, the software embodied a spectrum of functionalities intricately tied to DIAT technique, including DIAT data format conversion, the intuitive visualization of DIAT data, the training of classification models using DIAT data, and the accurate prediction of DIAT data labels through the utilization of trained models. Crucially, each of these functionalities underwent rigorous test using authentic mass spectrometry data. The test results unequivocally showcased the prowess of the DIAT computational software, empowering users to engage effortlessly in complex DIAT data analysis. This not only lowered the entry barriers for users, but also injected a renewed vigor into the field of DIA mass spectrometry data analysis. In summary, DIAT emerged as a trailblazing mass spectrometry data format meticulously tailored for the expeditious processing and analysis of proteomics data acquired through the sophisticated techniques of DIA. This study introduced a groundbreaking software solution, which was developed on the robust PyQt framework, aimed at surmounting the existing limitations associated with the nascent DIAT format. The implemented software was validated through rigorous real-world data testing, not only facilitated sophisticated DIAT data analysis but also significantly contributed to enhance the accessibility and dynamism of DIA mass spectrometry data analysis. This innovative approach will hold immense promise for advancing research and applications in the ever-evolving field of proteomics.

Objective To study the influence of exogenous high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) on the mitigative effect of tanshinone ⅡA (TSA) to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Rats were divided into sham, I/R (ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery), TSA (I/R + TSA intravenous injection) and TSA+HMGB1 (I/R+TSA intravenous injection + recombination HMGB1 intraperitoneal injection) groups. Serum CK-MB was measured by ELISA. Myocardial infarct area was measured by TCC. The expression of inflammatory indicators were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results Compared with sham group, CK-MB, myocardial infarct area, transcription level of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, expression of HMGB1, NLRP3 and caspase-1 all increased in I/R group(P＜0.05). Compared with I/R group, CK-MB, myocardial infarct area, transcription levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, expressions of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and NF-κB decreased in TSA group (P＜0.05). However, compared with TSA group, CK-MB, myocardial infarct area, transcription levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, expressions of HMGB1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and NF-κB increased in TSA+HMGB1 group(P＜0.05). Conclusions Exogenous HMGB1 attenuates the mitigative effect of tanshinone ⅡA to rat myocardial I/R injury through up-regulation the expressions of inflammatory factors.

Milk fat globule （MFG） is secreted by mammalian glands and composed of a triacylglycerol core enclosed by a complex triple membrane structure, referred as the milk fat globule membrane （MFGM）. MFGM contains complex lipids and proteins, with nutritional, immunological, neurological and digestive functions. However, the relationship between functions and gastrointestinal digestion and the factors that influence the gastrointestinal digestion of milk fat have not been fully studied. In this paper, the structure composition, functional characteristics, gastrointestinal digestion and the factors affecting the digestion and absorption of milk fat were reviewed in order to provide an insight for the research on the digestion of infant formula.

In this paper, the cause and mechanism of local corrosion perforation under the bottom water regulator of an offshore water injection pipe string were analyzed by means of macro analysis, physical and chemical properties analysis, metallographic analysis, XRD analysis, SEM micro morphology analysis, energy spectrum analysis, water content and bacteria test, and finite element analysis and other methods, combined with the actual site conditions. Results showed that the internal corrosion perforation of the oil pipe was caused by bacterial corrosion under the scale, and the high Cl- in the residual acid after acidizing operation accelerated the local corrosion perforation. Based on this, it was suggested to regularly add chemicals and use corrosion-resistant pipes to prevent early corrosion perforation failure of oil pipes.

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This paper mainly reviewed the study progress of CO2 separation membranes based on zeolite materials, including the CO2/CH4 separation performance of zeolite inorganic membranes with different topological structures and zeolite-filled mixed matrix membranes. The current research bottlenecks and corresponding improvement methods of the two membranes were discussed. According to the above points, the following two points were proposed as future research focus to promote the industrialization of zeolite- based CO2 separation membranes: preparation and defects-healing of ultra-thin inorganic membranes, structural regulation and structure-activity relationship research of mixed matrix membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (DPC) is a new density clustering algorithm proposed in recent years. The core of the algorithm is based on local density and relative distance. By drawing a decision diagram, the cluster center is selected manually, and the clustering is completed. The DPC algorithm uses the cutoff distance to calculate the local density, and essentially only considers the number of neighboring nodes around it, and the algorithm uses a single-step allocation strategy, which limits the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithm for any data set to a certain extent. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an optimized density peaks clus-tering algorithm based on second-order k neighbors (SODPC). The algorithm calculates direct density and indirect density by introducing second-order k neighbors of nodes, redefines the calculation method of local density, and on this basis, it defines the multi-step allocation strategy of non-central nodes to complete the clustering. Through manual and real data tests, it is proven that the algorithm in this paper has a good clustering effect on irregular and uneven density data sets.

Cu hollow microspheres were synthesized by thermal decomposition of Cu(Ⅱ) formate-octylamine complexes in molten paraffin using oleyl amine (OA) as the surfactant. The synthesized products were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal constant analyzer, UV-Vis-NIR and photo-thermal conversion test device. The relevant synthesis mechanism of Cu hollow microspheres was analyzed. The results show that Cu hollow microspheres can be obtained under the conditions of reaction temperature at 110℃, reaction time at 3h and amount of OA at 0.005mol, the average diameter and wall thickness of Cu hollow microspheres are about 380nm and 70nm, respectively. The formation mechanism of Cu hollow microspheres is that the primary Cu nanocrystals driven by minimizing the interface energy may aggregate around the gas-liquid interface between liquid paraffin and bubbles. The thermal conductivity and photo-thermal conversion performance of Cu hollow microspheres suspension are better than those of solid Cu.

It has important meaning for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interpretation to estimate parameters from measured SAR data and visualize the SAR imagery. For the linearity of IFFT, single scattering center can be individually imaged adaptively to form an overall image. Thus, the side effects of side lobes and windowing can be decreased and the quality of the SAR imagery can be improved. The efficiency of the method is confirmed by the test based on the simulated data.

In this paper, we present the methods of parametrically reconstructing the position of a 3D scattering center model of the targets from SAR images for a target recognition application. First, a framework for reconstructing the 3D position of the targets from the SAR images is proposed. Then, a method that uses the parameters obtained from the scattering center of the targets from the SAR images is used for reconstructing the 3D scattering center model. Finally, the proposed methods are confirmed using the simulated data.

[Objectives] To investigate cockroach community structure in the Wuhan area, including long-term changes in the abundance of different species and successional characteristics, in order to improve the control of urban cockroaches. [Methods] We used fresh bread crumbs as bait and sticky paper to trap and investigate the diversity of the cockroach community in six typical habitats, including residential areas, restaurants, hotels, farmers' markets, hospitals and supermarkets in the Wuhan area from 1995 to 2019. [Results] A total of 41 257 cockroaches were captured, which were classified into 1 family, 2 genera and 4 species. Blattella germanica and Periplaneta fuliginosa were the dominant species, with relative abundances of 77.99% and 15.36%, respectively. Periplaneta americana was a common species with a relative abundances of 6.64%, whereas Periplaneta australasiae was a rare species with a relative abundance of just 0.01%. Consistent with the annual trend in overall cockroach density, annual variation in B. germanica density first increased, then decreased. Annual variation in the density of P. fuliginosa and P. americana trended downwards. Cockroaches can be captured throughout the year in the Wuhan area but there is a single peak in abundance September. There were significant differences in cockroach density between different habitats (F=9.048, P<0.01). The highest density (1.65 per trap) was in farmers' markets where the annual population trend was upward, whereas the lowest density (0.11 per trap) was in hospitals where populations tended to be stable. The density of cockroaches in residential areas slowly decreased over time, and that in restaurants and hotels first increased, then decreased. Cockroach communities in different years can be divided into four groups by systematic clustering and a non-metric multidimensional scale ranking analysis. [Conclusion] Cockroach community structure in the Wuhan area has undergone significant changes. The dominant species have gradually changed from P. fuliginosa and P. americana to B. germanica. There were obvious annual changes in the population density of different species in different habitats. It is necessary to focus the prevention and control of cockroaches in key places such as farmers' markets, restaurants, hotels, and supermarkets. There is a particular need for vigilance in farmer's markets to prevent cockroaches reaching high densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the related published papers, and by using Geographic Information System (ArcGIS 9. 3), this paper analyzed the species composition and geographical distribution of threatened fishes in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. There were 83 threatened species living in the Province, belonging to 5 orders, 13 families, and 47 genera. Cypriniformes was absolutely dominant, with 64 species, followed by Siluriformes, with 16 species. Cyprinidae fishes had 51 species, accounting for 79. 7% of Cypriniformes. The most species of Cyprinid fishes were of Barbinae (14 species), Cyprininae (10 species), and Cultrinae (10 species). The threatened fishes could be divided into two zoogeographical regions, i. e. , Tibetan Plateau region and Oriental region, and their species composition and geographical distribution were resulted from the historical evolution adapted to the related environments. Whatever in rivers and in lakes, the Cyprinid fishes were both absolutely dominant, occupying 36. 1% and 31. 3% of the total, respectively. The Cyprinid fishes in rivers were mostly of endangered species, while those in lakes were mostly of vulnerable species. The factors affecting the threatened fishes in the Province were discussed from the two aspects of geodynamic evolution and present situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shenhua direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) was extracted. The solvent extraction conditions and the characteristics of the extracts were studied. The results indicate that the optimal conditions are middle distillate of Shengli coal, 130 ~ 150 °C of the temperature, 0.5 MPa of the initial N2 pressure, 14 : 1 or 5 : 1 of the mass ratio of solvent to residue and 15 ~ 30 min of residence time as well as stirring. The extraction yield is more than 50% and the extracts contains about 58% oil and nearly no ash, besides, the H/C ratio is 0.99 and the condensation degree of aromatic nucleus is 0. 675, the aramid-carbon ratio is 0. 694, weightlessness rate is maximum at 420 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments were performed to study the dynamic dehumidification performance of desiccant wheels coated with silica gel and lithium chloride respectively, using two estimate indexes: dehumidification amount D and dehumidification coefficience of performance DCOP. It is found that the lithium chloride wheel needs a somewhat longer time to reach steady state than silica gel wheel does, but the D and DCOP of the former one are higher than those of the latter. The effects of various working parameters (regeneration temperature, process air flow rate, process air inlet temperature and humidity) that have the influence on the dehumidification performance were also investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the influence of misoprostol combined with oxytocin on serum levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and coagulation factors after parturient postpartum, which is a useful reference for effective treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: 120 parturients with postpartum hemorrhage from our hospital during Dec 2010 to Jan 2013 were included in this study. Those high-risk factors were pregnancy hypertension, placental abruption, placenta previa, fetal macrosomia and multiple pregnancy. Those cases were randomly divided into three groups, each with 40 cases. Parturients in group A were immediately administrated with misoprostol 400 µg through rectum after baby delivery. Parturients in group B were immediately administrated with oxytocin 20 U through palace intramuscular, at the same time, with oxytocin 20 U through intravenous infusion. Parturients in group C were immediately administrated with oxytocin 20 U through palace intramuscular and misoprostol 400 µg through rectum. The postoperative bleeding volume was measured by volum and weight after postpartum 2 h and 24 h. The serum levels of angiotensin and coagulation factors were measured by ELISA. The systolic pressures before childbirth and post partum were observed. Results :There were not significant differences in the serum levels of Ang E between antepartum and postpartum, in both group A and group B (P<0.05) while this difference was significant in group C (t=7.196, P=0.009). The same status was found in the serum levels of two coagulation factors in three groups. The hemorrhage volumes post partum 2h, 24h of group A and group B were significantly increased than that of group C (P<0.05). The differences of those systolic pressures before childbirth and post partum 2h, in three groups, were not significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Misoprostol combined with oxytocin can significantly increased serum levels of angiotensin and coagulation factors when to treat effectively postpartum hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of noninvasive prenatal genetic testing for detecting chromosome aneuploid in pregnant women aged less than 35 years with positive results in serum screening., Methods: We analyzed the plasma cellfree fetal DNA in a total of 6804 pregnant women aged less than 35 years with singleton pregnancy from Foshan maternal and child health care hospital, whose weeks of gestation ranged from 12 to 24 weeks with ages on the expected date of confinement of 21-34 years. According to the results of serum screening, the women were divided to high-risk group and critical-risk group. Amniocentesis or cordocentesis was carried out if the results of noninvasive prenatal genetic testing were positive, and karyotyping or/and high-throughput sequencing was performed as the golden standard. All the women were followed up by telephone calls to assess the accuracy of the prenatal testing., Results: Noninvasive prenatal testing was successfully completed in all the 6081 cases. In the high-risk group, 70 women with positive results were tested by noninvasive prenatal testing, among whom 53 were confirmed by karyotyping or high-throughput sequencing. In this group, the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of trisomy 21 syndrome detection was 95.65%, 99.91% and 88.0%, respectively, with a false positive rate of 0.09% and a false negative rate of 4.35%; the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for trisomy 18 syndrome was 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively, with false positive and false negative rates of 0; the false positive rate and false negative rate for trisomy 13 syndrome was 0.09% and 0, respectively; the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for sex chromosome aneuploid as 100%, 99.80% and 30.0%, respectively, with a false positive rate of 0.2% and a false negative rate of 0; the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for other chromosome aneuploid was 100%, 99.88% and 16.60%, respectively, with a false positive rate of 0.18% and a false negative rate of 0. In the critical risk group, 54 women with positive results received noninvasive prenatal genetic testing, among whom 36 were confirmed by karyotyping or high-throughput sequencing. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for trisomy 21 syndrome were all 100% and the false positive rate and false negative rate were both 0; the false positive rate was 0.11% and the false negative rate was 0 for trisomy 18 syndrome; the false positive rate and false negative rate for trisomy 13 syndrome was 0.04% and 0, respectively; the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value for sex chromosome aneuploid was 100%, 99.79% and 50.0%, respectively, with a false positive rate of 0.21% and a false negative rate of 0; the false positive rate for other chromosome aneuploid was 0.18% and the false negative rate was 0. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and false positive rate for detection of trisomy 21 syndrome and sex chromosome aneuploid ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Noninvasive prenatal genetic testing is necessary for high-risk pregnant women with critical-risk in serum screening who refuse invasive prenatal diagnosis, and it is highly sensitive and specific fir detecting chromosome aneuploid with low false positive and false negative rates.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of parhents with EBV infection conbined with hemophagocytic syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma., Methods: The morphotogy of bone marrow cells was observed by bone marrow smear and light microscopy, the pathologic changes of bone marrow ware analyzed by bone marrow biopsy and immunohistochemistry methord, the pathologic changes of lymphonudes ware detected by immunohistochemical methord, the paticnts were treated with ABVD （epirubicin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine） chemotherapeutic regimen., Results: Fever complicatid with pancytopenia, obvious increase of ferritin and sCD25, hypofibrinogenemia, hemophogocytic phenomen of bone marrow, increase of EBV-DNA copy number ware observed, which all accorded with the criteria EBV righted hemophagocytic syndrome. The curative efficacy of amtiinfective treatmatnt was poor, After treatment with HLH-2004 regimen, the fever symptome and the laboratory indicaters such as whole blood cells, ferritin and fibrinogen all were recovered to normal levels. Left mandibular lymphadenctasis was confirmed as Hodgkin's lymphoma （mixed cell type） by pathological examination. The patient achieved complete molecular remission after 1 course chemotherapy with ABVD regimen. The level of EBV-DNA copy number were also decreased. As the reshlt, the patient's hemophagocytic syndrome had bean effectively controlled, and the Hodgkin's lymphoma is still in complete remission., Conclusion: Epstein-Barr virus-ratated hemophagocytic syndrome and Hodgkin's lymphoma are rare, and their long-term prognosis needs to be further explored.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), as a novel class of biopolymer, are attracting more attention due to their diverse material properties and environment-independent biodegradability. Here we report the preparation of PHA exhibiting efficient antibacterial activity by embedding Nisin, a food additive generally recognized as safe, into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), a type of PHA with high biocompatibility. We first prepared Nisin-containing PHBHHx films using solvent casting method. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis showed that a well-mixed integrated structure of the films with an even distribution of the Nisin particles in the PHBHHx matrices. Then the antimicrobial activity of PHBHHx/Nisin films against Micrococcus luteus was quantified on agar plate by measuring the size of inhibition zone. Cultivation in liquid media further confirmed the releasing of Nisin from the films and the long-time antibacterial activity. Results showed that the threshold of Nisin concentration for long-time and effective inhibition against bacteria growth is 25 μg/g. These results altogether establish a technological foundation for the application of PHA in biomedicine and food industry.

Objective: To investigate the effect of solanine on the growth of human prostate cancer cell xenograft in nude mice., Methods: Human prostate cancer Du145 cells were injected into the subcutaneous layers on the back of nude mice. After a week, the mice bearing subcutaneous tumor graft were randomly divided into solanine treatment group and saline control group for treatment for 3 weeks. The tumor grafts were then harvested to evaluate the inhibition rate. The mRNA and protein expressions of cell cycle-related genes in the tumors were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, and tumor cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL method., Results: The tumor growth rate in solanine-treated group was significantly slower than that in the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of C-myc, cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 were significantly inhibited by solanine. Solanine significantly up-regulated p21 mRNA and protein expression in the tumors and induced a higher apoptosis rate of the tumor cells than saline (P<0.01)., Conclusion: The tumor-inhibition effect of solanine is probably mediated by regulating the expressions of genes related with G1/S cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis.

Objective: To obtain the cryptic lanthipeptide from Streptomyces clavuligerus by semi-in vitro biosynthesis that is a novel method for mining lanthipeptides resource from Streptomyces., Methods: The core peptide of cryptic lanthipeptide was modified in E. coli by nisin modification system, and purified by affinity chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). After the leader peptide was removed, the core peptide was obtained and its dehydration and cyclic structure were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and tandem MS., Results: A novel lanthipeptide named CLA 124 with 4-fold dehydration 2 thioether bridges and one disulfide bridge was produced., Conclusion: Cryptic lanthipeptides from Streptomyces could be produced by semi-in vitro biosynthesis.

Objective: To explore the expression and promoter CpG island methylation status of miR-34b in leukemia cell lines and their clinical significance., Methods: A total of 10 cases of non-hematologic diseases were selected as control group, and the bone marrow cells of control group and HL-60, K562 cells were selected; the relative expression of miR-34b was detected in bone marrow cells, HL-60 and K562 cell lines by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the MiR-34b methylation status was detected by methylation-specific PCR, the HL-60 and K562 cell lines were treated with decitabine, and the expression levels and methylation status of miR-34b in the 2 cell lines were detected by the same method. Has-miR-34b was transfected into K562 cells, which were divided into non-transfection group, negative control group and Has-miR-34b transfection group; if the transfection was successful, the cell proliferation should be recorded at different time points of culture, and the proliferation inhibition rate should be calculated., Results: The relative expression level of miR-34b in the control group was (5.23 ± 0.75), in HL-60 was (0.05 ± 0.01) and in K562 was (0.04 ± 0.01). The difference between 3 groups was statistically significant (F = 44.812, P < 0.01). The promoter regions of CpG island in HL-60 and K562 cell lines were methylated, while the bone marrow cells were not methylated in 10 cases of non hematologic diseases children.Through miR-34b expression levels of HL-60 and K562 cell lines significantly increased by decitabine treatment (P < 0.05), and the methylation of leukemia cell line promoter region CpG island was found before and after decitabine treatment, but after administration of decitabine the methylation significantly decreased, suggesting that decitabine has an inhibitory effect on methylation of promoter region CpG island. After being cultured for 48, 72, 96 and 120 hrs, the cell proliferation in Has-miR-34b transfection group reached to 24.8%, 46.7%, 33.6% and 4.7%, repectively, and significantly lower than that in non transfection group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: CpG island methylation of miR-34b promoter region in leukemia cell lines can decrease the expression levels of miR-34b, which is also the reason why miR-34b can reduce the inhibition of cell proliferation, thus miR-34b might be a tumor suppressor gene involved in the regulation of leukemia.

The adsorption characteristics of ammonium from aqueous solution onto biochar derived from dairy manure were investigated as a function of parameters such as solution pH, particle size, adsorbent dosage, temperature and competitive cations. The results indicated that the effects of other cations on the adsorption of ammonium followed the order of preference Na > Ca2+ at identical mass concentrations. It was observed that pH played an important role in the ammonium adsorption and the optimal pH values ranged between 5 and 8. The kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.967 3) but showed very poor fits for the pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.765 9) and the Elovich model (R2 = 0.724 9). The results from the Intra-particle model also showed that there were two separate stages in sorption process, which were external diffusion and the diffusion of inter-particle. Adsorption isotherms for dairy manure biochar were fitted the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.976 2) more effectively than other models. Thermodynamics parameters such as free energy (ΔGθ), enthalpy (ΔHθ), and entropy (ΔSθ) were also determined, which indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process.

Objective: To isolate P-cadherin positive and negative oral gingival epithelial cells, and to compare the biological characteristics with junctional epithelial cells., Methods: Human oral gingival epithelial cells and junctional epithelial cells were cultured. P-cadherin positive and negative cells were isolated from oral gingival epithelial cells. The cellular adhesion, proliferation and migration were measured and compared., Results: The P-cadherin positive cells accounted for 20% of oral gingival epithelial cells. Compared with juctional epithelial cells, P-cadherin positive oral gingival epithelial cells showed similar properties of adhesion and migration, and stronger proliferation ability (0.72 ± 0.06 vs. 0.60 ± 0.05, P<0.05). P-cadherin negative oral gingival epithelial cells showed weaker ability of adhesion (48% ± 6% vs. 87% ± 11%, P<0.05), proliferation (0.36 ± 0.04 vs. 0.60 ± 0.05, P<0.05) and migration (10.3 ± 2.7 vs. 23.4 ± 4.8, P<0.05)., Conclusion: P-cadherin positive oral gingival epithelial cells showed some similar but different biological characteristics, compared with juctional epithelial cells, which suggested that during the process of transforming oral gingival epithelial cells into juctional epithelial cells, complex gene and protein changes were involved instead of simply cellular migration.

A series of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]isoindolone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChE). Furthermore, their effects on memory impairment of mice induced by scopolamine were investigated with step-through test. The results suggested that most of the target compounds exhibited potential inhibition on AChE with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compounds I1 (IC50 value of 0.086 μmol · L(-1)) and I2 (IC50 value of 0.080 μmol · L(-1)) showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activity, which are equipotent to donepezil (IC50 value of 0.094 μmol · L(-1)). Moreover, compounds I1-I4 could improve the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice.

Objective: To reconstitute the in vitro catalytic activity of the individual dehydratase or cyclase domain of bifunctional bovicin HJ50 synthase BovM, and lay a foundation for the further investigation of catalytic mechanism of class II lantibiotic synthase LanM., Method: The truncated proteins of BovM containing the N-terminal dehydratase domain or C-terminal cyclase domain were expressed in E. coli and purified. Substrate BovA, the precursor of bovicin HJ50, was incubated with these truncated BovM proteins in in vitro reaction system. The antimicrobial activity assay and MALDI-TOF MS analysis were used to monitor the dehydratase or cyclase activity of these truncated proteins. Meanwhile, the synergistic activities of both truncated proteins were tested in vivo and in vitro., Results: The N- and C-terminal domains of BovM possessed dehydration and cyclization activity respectively. However, no synergistic activity was detected between these two functional domains., Conclusion: The individual functional domains of BovM could execute their corresponding functions independently, but the intactness of BovM was important for its full modification activity.

Polydatin is a monocrystaline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae) with biological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative and nephroprotective effects. Increasing number of studies have demonstrated the protective effect of polydatin on renal ischemia reperfusion injury. However, the possible mechanisms of this protection are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polydatin on ischemia-reperfusion induced expression of toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in rat renal tubular epithelia cells (NRK-52E), and analyze the mechanism of polydatin on TLR4 signal pathway. The cultured NRK-52E cells were incubated in three gas incubators for a period of 6 h at hypoxia and 24h at reoxygenation to simulate the ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro. TLR4 mRNA level was analyzed by real-time-PCR, and the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-κB by Western blotting, while TNF-α and IL-1β proteins expressions were detected by ELISA. Polydatin downregulated I/R induced mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4, and decreased the protein expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β. The TLR4 blocker partially antagonized the effect of I/R on NF-κB signaling, and such inhibitory effect was markedly enhanced by polydatin. In the present study, polydatin protects NRK-52E cells from I/R injury possibly by relieving the inflammatory response through regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

A series of novel 4-substituted-3-nitrobenzamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and element analysis. Anti-tumor activities against HCT-116, MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines in vitro were evaluated by SRB assay. The results indicated most of the target compounds exhibited potent anti-tumor activity. Compound 4a showed the most potent inhibitory activities against three cancer cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.904-2.111 micromol x L(-1). Compounds 4g, 41-4n exhibited more potent inhibitory activities against MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.008-3.586 micromol x L(-1) and 1.993-3.778 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed preliminarily.

Objective: To investigate effects of total paeony glucosides (TPGs) on the expressions of Toll receptors (TLR4) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in the brain tissue of D-galactose-induced aging rats. METHODS; Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, the high dose TPG group, the middle dose TPG group, and the low dose TPG group, 10 in each group. Equal volume of normal saline was subcutaneously injected to rats in the blank control group, while 10% D-galactose was subcutaneously injected to rats in the rest groups at 0.125 mL/g, once a day for 8 successive weeks to induce the aging rat model. TPG was administered at 300 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 75 mg/kg to rats in the high, middle, and low dose TPG groups while injecting D-galactose from the 5th week of model preparation, once daily for 4 successive weeks. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to rats in the blank control group and the model group, once daily. The capability for learning and memory was detected using Morris water. The mRNA expressions of TLR4 and IL-33 in the brain tissue were detected using ELISA., Results: Compared with the blank control group, the capability for learning and memory decreased in the model group with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the capability for learning and memory was obviously improved in all the medicated groups in a dose-dependent manner, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, mRNA expressions of TLR4 and IL-33 in the brain tissue obviously increased after medication in the model group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of TLR4 and IL-33 in the brain tissue obviously decreased after medication in all the medicated groups in a dose-dependent manner, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: TPGs improved D-galactose induced aging rats' capability for learning and memory through regulating changes of TLR4 and IL-33 expressions.

Based on the related published papers, and by using Geographic Information System (ArcGIS 9.3), this paper analyzed the species composition and geographical distribution of threatened fishes in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. There were 83 threatened species living in the Province, belonging to 5 orders, 13 families, and 47 genera. Cypriniformes was absolutely dominant, with 64 species, followed by Siluriformes, with 16 species. Cyprinidae fishes had 51 species, accounting for 79.7% of Cypriniformes. The most species of Cyprinid fishes were of Barbinae (14 species), Cyprininae (10 species), and Cultrinae (10 species). The threatened fishes could be divided into two zoogeographical regions, i. e., Tibetan Plateau region and Oriental region, and their species composition and geographical distribution were resulted from the historical evolution adapted to the related environments. Whatever in rivers and in lakes, the Cyprinid fishes were both absolutely dominant, occupying 36.1% and 31.3% of the total, respectively. The Cyprinid fishes in rivers were mostly of endangered species, while those in lakes were mostly of vulnerable species. The factors affecting the threatened fishes in the Province were discussed from the two aspects of geodynamic evolution and present situation.

Objective: The gene of ice nucleation protein (INP), an outer membrane of Pseudomonas syringae was tested to display foreign proteins on the surface of Lactococcus lactis., Methods: Plasmids pHZ101 and pHZ102 were constructed using gfp (Green Fluorescence Protein) as the reporter gene and N-terminal and NC-terminal of inp as the anchoring units. Plasmids pHZ101 and pHZ102 were subsequently transformed into Escherichia coli JM109 and Lactococcus lactis MG1363., Results: Fluorescence microscope shows that green fluorescence was observed in both recombinant E. coli and L. lactis strains. Western blot indicated that GFP was expressed in both recombinant E. coli and L. lactis strains. INPN-GFP was mostly trapped in cytoplastic fraction while INPNC-GFP was mainly targeted on the cell membrane of L. lactis., Conclusion: The results suggest a new way to construct cell surface display system of lactic acid bacteria by using ice nucleation protein.

Batch experiments involving soil-aqueous systems were conducted to determine sorption of Triton X-100 onto natural loess as a function of equilibrium time, Triton X-100 concentration, ionic strength, and pH value. The results showed that the equilibration time for sorption of Triton X-100 onto loess was about 30 min. The sorption kinetics of Triton X-100 fitted well to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the corresponding parameters Q(e), k1, and r2 were 3.041 mg x g(-1), 0.102 min(-1), and 0.9934, respectively. Sorption isotherm was found to be distinctly nonlinear. The Sips model provided the best fitting to the experimental data among the four isothermal models tested. Q(max) and r2 of Sips model were 3.202 mg x g(-1) and 0.998 7, respectively. It was found that the ionic strength and the pH of the solution had a significant influence on the sorption of Triton X-100 onto loess. The amount of Triton X-100 sorbed onto the loess increased significantly with increasing concentration of NaCl. Sorption of Triton X-100 onto loess was influenced greatly by pH, the amount of Triton X-100 sorbed decreased as the pH increased.

The resonance Rayleigh scattering spectral detection system was designed based on the 2, 9, 16, 23-tetracarboxylate-phthalocyanine zinc and protein system. In the system, excitation light source is 405 nm wide band gap semiconductor lasers, and monochromator is 475 nm narrow-band band-pass filter, and the detector is low-noise and high-gain photoelectric amplifier based on blue-ray enhanced photodiode. Experiment shows that, the solution's strong absorption wavelength is near 420 nm. Under the action of incentive light, resonance Rayleigh scattering is generated at the resonant wavelength, and the scattering intensity is proportional to the protein content. The system uses 2, 9, 16, 23-tetracarboxylate as the spectrum probe to determine the concentration of serum proteins by resonance Rayleigh scattering method. Its linear detection range is 10 - 50 mg.mL-1, and its detection limit is 0. 001 mg.mL-1. The newly developed device for detecting concentration of the serum protein has the advantages of small size, low cost, low power consumption, and being easy to use.

To assess the genetic diversity and relationship of the Tibetan yak breeds. The genetic diversity and phylogenies of a total of 480 individual from 11 Tibetan yak groups were analyzed using PCR and multiplex gel electrophoresis of silver staining technology with eight pairs of microsatellite markers.The result showed that these markers were highly polymorphic loci with rich genetic diversity in the Tibetan yak populations.The average polymorphic information content (PIC) in 11 groups of yak were higher than 0.5. The highest HEL13 was 0.8496, and the lowest TGLA57 was 0.7349. Among them, the PICof Dingqing yak was minimum (0.7505), indicating that the group is relatively pure.Sangri Yak had the highest PIC value (0.7949) indicating greater genetic variationwithinthe groups. Among the 11 groups examined, the order of heterozygosity size wasSangri(0.8193)>Jiangda(0.8190)>Sangsang(0.8157)>Baqing(0.8150)>Kangbu(0.8123)> Jiali(0.8087)>Gongbujiangda(0.8054)>Sibu(0.8041)>Leiwuqi(0.8033)>Pali(0.8031)>Dingqing(0.7831). The groups from eastern Tibet had grater genetic diversity than those from Western Tibet, which indicate that Tibet may be one of the cradles of the yak.According to the genetic distance, the cluster relationship constructed with UPGMA and NJ methods showed that 11 yak groups in Tibet could be divided into three forms. In summary,Tibet yak has abundant genetic diversity and the selected microsatellite markers can be used to evaluategenetic diversity of Tibetan yak.

Studies on genetic diversity, as the core of population genetics, reveal genetic variations of the yak (Bos grunniens). Since the 1970s, the morphological, chromosomal, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as DNA sequence polymorphisms, in yak have been extensively investigated. Following the rapid development of molecular genetics and DNA sequencing technology, the molecular genetic diversity of yak has become a focus in recent studies. In this paper, the research progress on the molecular genetic diversity of yak was reviewed based on the information and knowledge on mtDNA sequences and nucleus molecular markers, as well as candidate genes, obtained over the last 15 years. The future perspectives of relevant research topics were discussed to shed more light on depth understanding of the population genomics of the yak.

Objective: Elucidating the correlation between the secondary structure of the leader peptide of lantibiotic bovicin HJ50 and its modification and processing., Methods: The variants with mutated leader peptide were synthesized by semi-in vitro biosynthesis, and their modification pattern were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. At the same time, the effect of leader peptide mutants on processing the modified propeptide was examined by HPLC and antimicrobial activity., Results: We constructed 6 mutants (F-16A, V-15E, E-14L, E-8P, L-7D, L-4K) involved in forming secondary structure of the bovicin HJ50 leader peptide. F-16A, V-15E, L-4K showed very little effect on modification and processing whereas E-14L and E-8P caused changes in modification. In addition, we found that L-7D strongly affected the processing., Conclusion: The conserved helix structure in the leader peptide of bovicin HJ50 was closely related to the activity of BovM and BovT150, and the presence of secondary structure was very important to modification and processing of bovicin HJ50.

The in situ 120 days experiment was conducted to investigate effects of rainfall on nitrogen and phosphorus loss from courtyard composting with four kinds of coverage, involving no coverage, rice straw, thin film and soil, and their risks of nonpoint source pollution were discussed. The results showed that, with decomposing of the manure and increasing of runoff, the concentration of total nitrogen (TN), ammoniac nitrogen (NH4(+)-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3(-)-N), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) from courtyard composting decreased. Especially, the concentration variation of TN, NH4(+)-N, NO3(-)-N with time fit for I kinetic equation, while TP and DP fit for linear equation. The concentration order of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff observed as follows: no coverage > coverage by rice straw > coverage by soil > coverage by thin film. As a result, the coverage by thin film could be used as a recommended mode to decrease the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff resulting from its low risks for nonpoint source pollution.

The chemical-enhanced washing of Cu2+ or/and phenanthrene (PHE) single or combined contaminated loess soil in Gansu Province was investigated with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) or/and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) by the batch equilibrium experiments. The experimental results showed that EDTA or/and SDS could remove efficiently Cu2+ and/or PHE in single-contaminated or combined contaminated loess soils. The Cu2+ removal was significantly promoted by coexisting PHE with low concentration of EDTA (EDTA < 0.1 mol/L), however, the removal was slightly hindered with high concentration of EDTA (EDTA > 0.1 mol/L). As for the PHE removal by EDTA, it was founded that coexisting Cu2+ could enhance the PHE removal in the investigated ranges of the concentrations of EDTA. When concentration of EDTA was 0.01 mol/L, the removal of combined PHE was 20.94% higher than that of single PHE. The experimental results of the removal of contaminations by SDS showed that coexisting Cu2+ could suppress slightly the removal of PHE at a concentration of less than 4 000 mg/L SDS, but could assist the removal of PHE in 5 000 mg/L or higher SDS concentration. On the contrary, the influence of coexisting PHE for the removal of Cu2+ by SDS was that it facilitated Cu2+ extraction by low concentrations of SDS, however, it inhibited the removal of Cu2+ at high concentrations of SDS. The removal efficiencies of PHE and Cu2+ were improved greatly as using combined EDTA-SDS. Beside, there are some differences in the removal efficiency of the oth contaminants with the different sequence of EDTA and SDS added in the washing solution. In EDTA washing followed by SDS, SDS washing followed by EDTA and mixture of SDS-EDTA washing concurrently, the removal of Cu2+ is 91.40%, 95.10% and 96.50%, respectively, which is 28.46%, 32.16%, 33.56% higher than that of combined, 62.94%, by single EDTA. For PHE, the removal is 68.30%, 85.40%, 84.95%, respectively, which is 16.14%, 33.24%, 32. 79% higher than that of combined PHE, 52.16%, by single SDS. Thus, SDS washing followed by EDTA or mixture of SDS-EDTA washing concurrently is considered as the optimal washing sequence for PHE and Cu2+ removal.

Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize the property of nisin through altering its specific amino acid by site-directed mutagenesis method., Methods: On the basis of M21K nisinZ, a former reported nisinZ mutant that exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, the 29th amino acid of it was mutated from serine to lysine. The mutant M21K/S29K nisZ gene was cloned into vector pMG36e and the recombinant plasmid was introduced into Lacotococcus lactis NZ9800. The resulting M21K/S29K nisinZ was then isolated and purified, and its antibacterial activity, antibacterial spectrum and stability were analyzed and compared to those of M21K nisinZ and nisinZ., Results: Compared with wild-type nisinZ and M21K nisinZ, the M21K/S29K nisinZ displayed reduced antimicrobial activity, but showed significantly increased stabilities to heat and pH stress. Moreover, M21K/S29K nisinZ also exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria as M21K nisinZ did., Conclusion: By changing the 29th amino acid of nisin, we can optimize the property of nisin, especially its stability to heat and pH stress.

Objective: Our aim was to enhance nisin production by overexpression of nisin immunity gene nisI in nisin-producing strains., Methods: Nisin immunity gene nisI with a strong promoter P59 was cloned into vector pHJ201 and introduced into Lacotococcus lactis NZ9800, resulting in a recombinant strain L. lactis NZ9800/pHMI. Then the differences between the recombinant strain and the control strain L. lactis NZ9800/pHJ201 were analyzed in several aspects, including their growth curves, nisin resistance level and antibacterial activity against indicator strain Microccus flavus NCIB 8166., Results: The overexpression of nisI had no significant difference in growth rate between recombinant strain and contrast strain. However, it promoted recombinant strain tolerance 25% higer nisin resistance level and stronger antibacterial activity against M. flavus NCIB 8166, which was increased by 32% and 25% when fermented for 6 and 8 hours, respectively., Conclusion: These results indicated that overexpression of nisI gene in the nisin producing strain can effectively enhance nisin resistence level and thus improve nisin production.

Nisin, a lantibiotic produced by some species of Lactococcus lactis, has broad antibacterial spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria species, especially those with close phylogenetic relationship to the nisin producing strain. The broad use of nisin did not lead to widespread resistance. However, some non-nisin producing bacteria could develop certain mechanisms of resistance against nisin when growing under laboratory or nature selection pressure. Nisin resistance mainly involved two strategies, namely, the non-specific physiological isolation mechanism (by the change of cell wall or membrane structure and composition) and the specific protease-mediated mechanism. This review introduced the advances in the study of nisin resistance mechanism.

Objective: To study the effect of the submarine training on the antioxidant ability of the submarine men., Methods: 50 sea-training submarine men, 50 land-training submarine men and 50 resting submarine men were randomly selected from some submarine troops. The blood routine, the total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the levels of IFN-gamma in blood plasma, the hemolytic degree of RBC, the proliferation of peripheral-blood lymphocyte (PPL) of them were detected in each group., Results: The T-AOC of the sea-training submarine men, the land-training submarine men and the resting submarine men significantly increased by turns [(15.38 +/- 3.11), (18.81 +/- 2.45), (20.93 +/- 2.95) U/ml], but MDA and the hemolytic degree of RBC significantly decreased by turns [(2.56 +/- 0.70), (2.12 +/- 0.53),(1.77 +/- 0.56) nmol/ml and 25.72% +/- 1.67%, 21.45% +/- 1.02%, 18.28% +/- 1.37%] (P < 0.05). Compared with the land-training submarine men and the resting submarine men, IFN-gamma [(31.89 +/- 3.52) pg/ml] and the proliferation of PPL of the sea-training submarine men were significantly lower, whereas the red blood count (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) were significantly higher (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Submarine training, especially sea training, may decrease the antioxidant ability.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of measurement of II degree furcation involvements in molars of dry mandibles by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)., Methods: Twenty molars with II degree furcation involvements in dry mandibles were examined directly and measured by CBCT. Eight parameters were selected to describe the exact appearance of each II degree furcation involvements, including vertical defect dimensions, horizontal defect dimensions and furcation entrance dimensions. The results were compared with the corresponding data obtained by probing and periapical radiograph., Results: All furcation involvements could be correctly classified by CBCT. For 5 of 8 parameters, no significant difference was found between the data obtained by CBCT and probing measurements (P>0.05). The distances from furcation entrance to alveolar crest, to bottom of bone pocket, and to the deepest site of horizontal bone defect measured by CBCT were less than those probed directly (P<0.05), but the differences were less than 0.5 mm (0.21, 0.24, 0.35 mm, respectively). The localization of furcation entrance may cause the differences. Two out of 20 furcation involvements could not be detected on periapical radiographs, and only 2 of 8 parameters could be measured on periapical radiographs., Conclusion: CBCT could provide precise and detailed 3D images of II degree furcation involvements in vitro.