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Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University Chemistry is the property of Peking University, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College is the property of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the promulgation and guidance of Implementation Plan for National Vocational Education Reform, more and more vocational colleges have responded to the call of "great national craftsmen entering campus", by hiring masters of intangible cultural heritage skills as part-time teachers, setting up master studios, and improving the inheritance mechanism of teachers instructing apprentices. Taking the teaching of Bonsai Skills, an intangible cultural heritage course launched by Yangzhou Polytechnic College as an example, this paper explores the integration of the Guo Xingfu teaching method in the military field into the whole practical teaching process, in order to promote this teaching method to be widely implemented in vocational education courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College is the property of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper constructs a practical teaching system of dust production simulation analysis in coal mining face with independent intellectual property rights. The system can enable students to fully and intuitively feel the coal cutting or drilling dust production process in the coal mining face, guide them to carry out the whole process of "Cutting/drilling parameter regulation-dust production characteristic monitoring-data statistical analysis", and quantitatively analyze the influence of cutting or drilling parameters on dust production characteristics (concentration, dispersion, etc.). It is of great significance to improve students' thinking and practical ability, cultivate their innovative thinking, deepen their understanding of dust disaster and dust generation mechanism in the process of coal mining and excavation, stimulate their interest in scientific research, and put forward cutting/drilling dust reduction, optimize dust engineering control measures and individual dust prevention technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secretary (16742354) is the property of Secretary Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Medical Education Technology is the property of China Medical Education Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve students' practical ability, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the traditional practice teaching model of information management specialty, investigates the practical ability training needs of graduates' feedback, makes a rational analysis of the process of practical ability training, and puts forward the idea of practical teaching reform based on time chain and task chain. After three years of exploration and practice, a chain practice teaching model based on tutorial system and research group, short term practical teaching and step-by-step practical tasks as the carrier, problem research as the main line and practical ability improvement as the goal is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By taking the manufacturing practice project of solar photovoltaic power generation device as an example, this paper introduces and discusses the construction background, construction content and evaluation scheme design in detail. By introducing electronic programming and intelligent control elements into the traditional photovoltaic device manufacturing practice project, the cross integration of multi-disciplinary and multi-technical processes is realized. According to the characteristics of students' specialty background difference in general education course selection, the minimum guarantee is provided in each practice link of the course to ensure that each student can complete all practical links. At the same time, a multi-dimensional and gradient evaluation system has been established to encourage collaborative innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By taking the implementation of the extracurricular training plan in informatization construction of practical teaching as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation of the organization of extracurricular practical activities in Chinese universities, constructs the content system of the extracurricular training plan in the university, probes into the construction of informatization management system for extracurricular training plans. realizes the goal of the efficient and standardized scientific management on the whole network and strongly supports the scientific and precise cultivation of college students' independent practical ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems of the horizontal unified training of the same grade, the vertical step-by-step training mode of different grades and the great difference between the students' individualized needs, which are common in the practical teaching of computer majors in colleges and universities, this paper puts forward that the practical teaching link should be reformed into the diversified training mode of "Diversifying across grades according to the students' needs". The students are divided into three directions such as the scientific research, innovative entrepreneurship and applied skills according to their needs, and immerse them into different practical teaching environments according to different training objectives, which provides a reference scheme for the training of computer major talents in colleges and universities under the background of new engineering construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from a series of national policies, this paper expounds upon the background and significance of the construction of the virtual simulation practice teaching platform system of "Art-technology combination, virtual and real integration", and analyses the construction framework from three virtual simulation experimental platforms such as the environmental design, digital art design and product design and process. Practice shows that the establishment of the virtual simulation practice teaching system of "Art-technology combination, virtual and real integration" is conducive to the improvement of innovative practical ability of students majoring in design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault detection is an important link in oil and gas exploration. In this paper, a fault detection experiment based on attribute analysis is designed. The basic principle and experimental links of the experiment are introduced, and the seismic data volume is analysed and processed. Through the experiment, the students have deepened their understanding of theoretical knowledge, exercised their ability to deal with practical problems, stimulated their interest in theoretical learning, and significantly improved the quality of teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secretary (16742354) is the property of Secretary Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid development of network and information, the demand gap of information security talents is increasing. Training center construction is very important for information security talents training in colleges and universities. Combined with the construction practice of Guangdong Justice Police Vocational College judicial information security professional training center, according to the training goal of professional talents, starting from the necessity of building a training center jointly from school and enterprise, this paper puts forward the overall design scheme of the judicial information security training center. The school and enterprise cooperate and construct the practical teaching system, perfect the operating mode of the training center. The achievements of the construction of the training center are summarized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical teaching is an essential way to improve the quality ol teaching, but traditional teaching concept has weakened the importance ol praetical teaching in higher education. Taking the quality curriculum “Human Resource Management” ol Shihezi University as an example,this paper studies the praetical teaching system. First of all, it deeply analyzes the prominent problems existing in praetical teaching. Secondly, the paper proposes to eneourage students to actively participate in the learning and skills improvement as the purpose. Thirdly , according to the systematism and operability, the paper builds the “1 + 2 + 1 ” practical teaching system based on social practice, online teaching platform (problem-oriented and task-oriented) and experiment module. Finally, this paper makes the teaching reflection combined with the operation ol the teaching system, and provides security measures for the smooth implementation ol the practical teaching system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of “China manufacturing 2025”, the demand of manufacturing for the talent of 3D printing technology is very large. From the point of view of vocational education, this paper analyzes the existing problems of the application of 3D printing technology in practical teaching. Then the paper proposes integrating 3D printing technology into the traditional manufacturing professional practice teaching, which will let students learn 3D printing technology in vocational skills training processes. This could make students master the application of 3D printing technology and know how to solve practical problems in production. The product development and mold design practical teaching based on 3D printing technology is taken as an example. Practice proves that this practical teaching combines with enterprise post, and it plays an active role on cultivating 3D printing technology application-oriented talents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzed the current situation of the practical teaching provided by Engineering Training Center in Shanghai Jiao Tong University and other universities. Aiming at the common phenomenon that the current practical teaching is less innovative as well as the fact that the current practical teaching is only designed for a certain specific skill, this paper proposed a new practical teaching model called "Smart Nest" model, which is characterized with social attributes and is an improved version of the previous "Honeycomb" model. By analyzing the characteristics and describing the six steps of this teaching model in detail, it was shown that this model can facilitate the implementation of the "Outstanding Engineers Program". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the status quo of engineering management professionals in newly-built undergraduate colleges. For the purpose of training for applied talents in the construction of new engineering, it explores approaches to practical teaching reform, including the construction of a practical teaching system for new engineering, attaching importance to cultivating students' BIM technical ability, enhancing the practical teaching level of the teaching team, strengthening students ' innovation and entrepreneurship education, consolidating the on-campus training center and expanding the construction of off-campus training bases. So the practical teaching ability and employment competitiveness of engineering management students can be improved. In this way, we can realize the idea of training talents for new engineering and serve the development of regional economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the present situation of the construction of the virtual simulation experiment teaching center of network security, this paper presented the architecture design and advantage of the virtual simulation experiment teaching platform with cloud fusion, proposed experiment teaching system of four molds and six processes based on multiple dimensions, layering, progression education wisdom. It explores abstract form, technique structure, visualization of structure, and process of technological frame and design discipline of experiment task by the virtual simulation experiment scene of network security. It has the significance of creativity, spreading and promotion to break through the traditional experiment mode of network security, strengthen the students ' ability of solving complex network security problems. It also explores education mode of outcomes-based education(OBE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of modern industry puts forward higher and higher re quire me nts to engine e rs ' comprehensive practical ability. Engineering training is indispensable in training qualified talents. In order to improve the quality of the engineering training courses and foster the students ' ability of engineering practice, this paper considers the innovative consciousness, and the teamwork spirit. It summarizes achievements of Engineering Training center of Jilin University in the practice of teaching reform, and points out problems in engineering training of the engineering students. This paper puts forward some measures and suggestions from changing concept, talent reserves, constructing cascade engineering training system, reforming teaching methods and other aspects that for the reform of the practice teaching. It promotes the development of teaching quality of engineering training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weld training is an effective mean for improving students' further understanding of that theoretical knowledge of weld specialty and familiarizing themselves with the traditional manufacturing and processing methods. But it is easy for students to have problems in safety and health, cost and quality, on-site specification in the welding training process. In order to reduce the occurrence of the above problems as students taking part in welding practice, by analyzing the connotation of 8S field management, combining with the specific situation and existing problems of welding practice field in authors' engineering training center, this paper probes into the corresponding improvement methods from the aspects of 8S field management requirements. In order to realize the standardization, institutionalization and standardization of welding practice teaching, we make students form good professional qualities and habits. These measures reduce the occurrence of various problems in the welding practical training process, and improve the teaching effect of welding practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the transition period of China’s economic and social development with innovation driven development, talent cultivation based on innovation and entrepreneurship capability has become an important part of college education. Tourism management is a comprehensive and applied discipline with many advantages in innovation and entrepreneurship education. In this paper, a practical teaching system for tourism management is systematically constructed, including the basic level focusing on experimental practice courses. The promotion level focuses on school-enterprise cooperation and professional internship, the comprehensive level includes entrepreneurship courses, innovation and entrepreneurship competition and graduation thesis, and the support level is based on the school-level entrepreneurial platform and alumni program. Finally, a project-oriented practical teaching model is discussed. From the framework to the content, the practical teaching system and project-oriented practical teaching model both are based on the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship to achieve the goal of training talents for innovation and entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aimed at the present issues on teachers’ teaching quality evaluation behavior deviation widespread among domestic institutions and universities, based on the present teaching quality evaluation index, from three aspects about the historical role and teaching orientation, policy environment and conditions of the hardware and, the index system and evaluation conclusion, this paper analyzes the reasons for teachers’ experiment and training teaching quality evaluation behavior deviation. And a reform program is proposed. It contains that at present stage colleges and universities should strengthen the recognition of the equal status of experimental training and classroom teaching, increase the support for experimental training and adhere to the combination of quantitative and qualitative way to build a scientific and reasonable experiment and training teaching quality evaluation system reforms. Combined with the reform practice, the guiding ideology, implementation method, evaluation index and specific requirements of the reform plan are discussed in detail. This research could provide a reference function on experiment and practice teaching quality construction practice for science and engineering majors in domestic colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practice teaching is the main way to cultivate students’ practical innovation ability, so it plays an important role in training high-tech talents with engineering literacy. The practice teaching mode and implementation process have important impacts on the effect of practice teaching. In view of the problems existing in the practice teaching of traditional engineering specialty, this paper explores the practice teaching of electronic packaging technology specialty, introduces the education idea of OBE into the practice teaching, studies the practice teaching resources and mode, establishes the process platform based on the enterprise production line, and adopts the opening practice teaching, constructs a modular, progressive, pluralistic and innovative practice teaching mode with the deep participation of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The training of practical and applied talents in engineering management major is a new teaching concept for both teachers and students. This paper analyzes the problems in the teaching system of engineering management major.Taking China University of Petroleum as an example, it combines the training plan of " outstanding engineers" with the ability-oriented education idea, and innovates the traditional teaching idea of engineering management major from two aspects. On the one hand, we will optimize the traditional engineering management professional knowledge system based on construction as a knowledge system oriented to " planning-design-construction-operation"; on the other hand, we will shift the graduates’ professional positions from the former construction engineers to the consultant engineers, supervision engineers, cost engineers, builders and other life-cycle practitioners. Job change has significantly improved the comprehensive professional ability of engineering management students. Practice shows that the training mode has achieved remarkable results in training practical talents of engineering management major, and has achieved good teaching results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of higher vocational education, innovating practical teaching system, constructing the new model of practical teaching on a social demand-oriented, ability-based, and promoting student personality development is imminent. Based on the analysis of the necessity of creating cross-professional multi-post comprehensive training platform under modern enterprise management VR environment, this paper establishes such a platform, including manufacturing enterprises simulation countermeasures system, industrial and commercial bureau window business simulation system, tax bureau window business simulation system, bank window business simulation system, accounting firm business simulation system, bidding center business simulation system, international freight forwarding company business simulation system, logistics company business simulation system and consulting network system. It has cross-professional synthesis, a high degree of simulation, dynamic confrontation and innovative features. The establishment of the comprehensive training platform has made innovative exploration for the higher vocational education and teaching, promoted higher vocational education teaching practical reform, and promoted vocational education to further adhere to the school direction of the market, service development, and promoting the employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Practice teaching is a key link to realize the talents training goal of higher education, but how to integrate and optimize the practice teaching resource configuration, improve the efficiency of the use of practice teaching resources and input-output efficiency has always been a common problem in institutions of higher learning. "Big chemical engineering" in Practice Teaching Center, Wuhan Institute of Technology, is taken as an example, the engineering professional practice and innovation cultivation system is taken as an analytical base, this paper deals with the features of training, experiment, practice, and innovation, and deeply analyzes the current situation and existing problems in resource allocation of engineering practical teaching, and gives suggestions to optimize the distribution of practice teaching resources, build a scientific and reasonable practical teaching of input-output efficiency evaluation system. These may provide the reference for engineering professional diversified integration, reasonable configuration, the efficient use of all kinds of practice and teaching resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical teaching is an important part of higher education in China, so the effects of practical teaching directly affect the quality of higher education especially in the process of engineering education accreditation. Based on the perspective of thinking, the paper introduces the computational thinking, engineering thinking and design thinking into the practical teaching system for major of computer,and constructs a new practical teaching system with aim of cultivation of computational thinking as the base, the cultivation of engineering thinking as the core and the design thinking as the goal. The teaching system cultivates the ability of building practical models using computer knowledge,and design algorithm for solving practical problems based on computational thinking. The teaching system can train the ability of students to solve practical engineering problems based on engineering thinking; The teaching system can also cultivate the ability of innovation by design thinking. Teaching practice shown that the practice teaching system integrating into multiple thinking has a positive effect on cultivating students’ thinking way,and improves students’ ability to solve problems and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on engineering education reform requirements and contemporary college students' characteristics, the paper analyzes the feasible path of practical teaching reform. In order to resolve the contradiction between highly demanding of civil aviation professional practice and condition limits of security factors, the information technology and virtual simulation technology are used to establish the practical teaching system based on the student-centered idea. Practical teaching reform with civil aviation characteristics not only improves the quality of talent cultivation, but also widely promotes teaching achievements and provides valuably practical exploration to civil aviation development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]