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The article explores the optimal selection of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for radar phased array applications, examining trade-offs between dynamic range, sample rate, and direct current (DC) power consumption. It analyzes radio frequency (RF) to ADC cascade modeling to optimize system performance, explores the impact of varying RF and digital channel summation, and proposes system figures of merit for assessing performance normalized for DC power considerations.

The article discusses the use of radio frequency (RF)-to-analog-to-digital converter (ADC) cascade modeling for radar phased array applications. Topics discussed include the impact of RF and digital channel summation on dynamic range (linearity and noise) and DC power consumption, the Schreier and Walden ADC figures of merit, and the modeling of the RF front-end (RFFE), RF channel summation and ADC.

The article discusses the basics and advancements of X-band radar technology, highlighting its superior target resolution, smaller antenna size, and significant growth in the global radar industry. Topics discussed include the operational characteristics of X-band radar, key components and functions in radar system design, and the integration of individual discrete components to enhance system performance and ease of design.

The article offers information on the military radar segment which includes radar technology used for applications like monitoring aircraft and missiles, managing air-to-air missiles and guns along with detecting potential threats such as hypersonic missiles and drones. Topics discussed include factor that is driving the military radar market, threat and opportunity of high altitude platform systems (HAPS), and advantages of evolving radar systems.

The article discusses how the integration of field-programmable gate arrays (FGPAs) into software-designed radios (SDRs) enables key performance benefits across electronic warfare (EW), radar and MilCom applications. Topics discussed include description of FPGAs, reason for using FPGAs in an SDRs, and benefits of FPGAs in SDRs for radar applications.

The article focuses on phase noise in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar and satellite communication systems, demonstrating its impact on system performance metrics like error vector magnitude (EVM) and providing insights into the influence of phase noise on subcarrier constellations. It discusses the integrity of OFDM signals in aerospace, defense, and communication applications, providing calculations and empirical data to evaluate clock sources' performance.

The article discusses the history of the radar system which was started to be conceptualized at the end of the 19th-century. Topics include the first real radar detection by German physicist Christian Hülsmeyer through the equipment called Telemobiloscope, the significant progress in radar techniques during the World War II such as for military applications, and an overview of the continuing evolution of radar from the rotating dish to the active phased array with digital beamforming.

The article outlines a method for enabling the spectral characterization for scientific and industrial applications. This approach results in a low noise floor with very low noise contribution from the measurement setup focusing the regulatory bodies like the FCC in the U.S. and CEPT in Europe and regulatory foundation to enable new innovative applications like 6G communications and industrial radio determination.

The article discusses review of the microwave marketplace at European Microwave Week (EuMW). It mentions Electromagnetics group at NPL focuses on providing accurate and repeatable measurements of electromagnetic parameters traceable to the SI system; and also mentions Teledyne Defence & Space, specializes in adaptive filters and microwave front-ends for sea, land, air and space.

Coexistence grows as radar and satellite systems use the same or nearby frequency bands with 5G, creating the need to assess coexistence and mitigate potential interference as new 5G networks are deployed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Software-Defined Imaging Radar Aids the Awareness of Intelligent Systems.

The article offers information on how short range radar sensors enable several vehicle in-cabin sensing applications, namely driver monitoring systems and occupancy monitoring systems. Topics include the radio detection and ranging (radar) works via electromagnetic radiation where a high frequency waveform travels through space, and the interacts with an object and returns has been signal back to its source.

The article focuses on Phase noise is rapidly becoming the most critical factor addressed in sophisticated radar and communication systems. It commonly used as a measure of frequency stability within an oscillator; and mentions that it is a secondary effect directly related to the topology and construction of the oscillator.

The article focuses on the radar systems have had short pulse widths, narrow instantaneous bandwidths and relatively small duty cycles. It mentions that mature gallium arsenide (GaAs) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technologies can support the bandwidth and the higher frequency bands; and also mentions with the higher power density, matching circuit combining structures are simpler and lower loss vs. GaAs HEMT.

The article evaluates a 140 GHz FMCW radar transceiver from imec, an international research and development and innovation hub.

S-Band active aperture phased array radars require multiple power amplifiers (PA) producing sufficient RF output power with high power-added efficiency (PAE). GaN technology is now the preferred choice for many of these applications. This article describes the design, realization and evaluation of a PA for S-Band radar using a GaN power transistor from Qorvo. The QPD1020 has hybrid input matching, i.e., a GaN transistor with an internal passive input matching network fabricated on a cost-effective GaAs process. It offers the cost advantages and flexibility of a discrete transistor with many of the space and development time savings of a MMIC solution. The input of the device is internally matched to 50 Q across 2.7 to 3.5 GHz. As most S-Band radars will only use a portion of this band, the PA output match may be optimized for either output power or PAE across the intended operating band. PAs have been designed to optimize performance across 2.7 to 3.1 or 3.1 to 3.5 GHz by changing only the component values of the RF matching networks. This approach shortens development time compared to a discrete power bar solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on radar technology and microwave equipment such as Exceed Microwave's WZ-Series bandpass filters, MiniRF's MRFX9703 transformer, and RLC Electronics' multiplexers.

The article focuses on the use of radar technology, which has evolved into a relatively simple solution which penetrates industrial and consumer market segments, in consumer electronics and industrial applications. Topics about the application of 4D sensing as well as the advancements in silicon and packaging technology are presented.

The article reports on technologies used to provide real-time, ultra-wideband, radio frequency (RF) signal recording in a small, rugged package optimized for size, weight and power (SWaP). Ultra-wideband RF signal recorders allow to capture large swaths of the RF spectrum for wide bandwidth radar systems and improved Signals intelligence (SIGINT) capabilities.

The article talks risks associated with drone technology with an emergence of commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) along with drone detection and counter measures. The topic include information on GUARDION, an effective solution developed by Logistik GmbH, Diehl Defence GmbH & Co. KG, and Rohde & Schwarz for detecting and countering drones.

The article discusses the use of the 24 gigahertz (GHz) industrial, scientific and medical band radar for adoption of commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Topics mentioned include its application without regulation for avoidance of automatic collision and radio altimeters, capability of the radar in detecting objects to ensure safe operation of drone, and the aspects for UAV manufacturers to consider in proving that their solutions are capable technically of operating autonomously.

The article discusses the Raytheon Technologies business for the hardware, production and sustainment contract for fullrate production of the AN/SPY-6(V) family of radars.

The article discusses the design of modularized radar test system. Topics presented include a brief overview of how radar systems are tested on aspects including its ability to detect targets in complex environment and generate signal with low noise and possesses excellent harmonic and spurious performance, and offers information Giraffe 4A AESA radar.

Recent breakthroughs in radar technology combined with the demand for compact, affordable and high precision radar for military and commercial applications, has led to a renaissance in the methods and use of radar. Many of the upcoming sectors of technology growth, namely autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and various commercial/civilian applications, rely upon solid-state radar and new methods of fabrication and programming. This resurgence is a byproduct of escalating advancements in radar, stealth and jamming technologies for defense that is driving conventional radar solutions into obsolescence.1 A wide accessibility to sophisticated digital-signal processing (DSP), agile RF transceivers and cutting-edge anzenna techniques is fueling this accelerating change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on advancement in radars with use of digital beamforming. Topic discussed include the difference between analog and digital beamforming including weight of analog-to-digital data, presents the image of a block diagram showing analog and digital beamforming functions, and presents a common receiver architectures of a radar.

The article discusses evolution of radar to Next-Generation by using tile arrays. Topics discussed include active electronically scanned array as the clear successor to radar systems, U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and developer of radio semiconductor components MACOM Technology Solutions working together on the Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits program, and optimization of tile array architecture by MACOM and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Metamaterial antennas have progressed considerably in the last few years. Kymeta demonstrated transmission to satellites and back using 20 and 30 GHz antennas about the size of a laptop, which use metamaterial resonators for phase shifting. Echoclyne and Xerox PARC have developed metamaterial arrays for radar. The Army Research Laboratory funded the development of a metamaterial 250 to 505 MHz antenna with a λ/20 thickness. Complementing this, a conventional tightly coupled dipole antenna (TCDA) has been developed which provides a 20:1 bandwidth with a λ/40 thickness. Target cloaking has been demonstrated at microwaves using metamaterials. Stealthing, by absorption using a thin flexible and stretchable metamaterial sheet, has been shown to provide 6 dE absorption over an 8 to 10 GHz band, with greater absorption over a narrower range. Metamaterial has been used in cell phones to provide antennas that are 5× smaller (1/10th λ) having 700 MHz to 2.7 GHz bandwidth. It has also provided isolation equivalent to 1 m separation in antennas with 2.5 cm separation and is used for phased array wide angle impedance matching (WAIM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the compound semiconductor, GaN or Gallium nitride and its application for the Space Fence Radar system. GaN uses III/V group elements which enables higher power density and reliability for radio frequency (RF) operation. The Space Fence Radar uses GaN high power amplifiers (HPA) to produce high sensitivity in detecting small objects at reduced number of transmit elements and lower cost.

The article reports on the contract awarded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to BAE Systems; FAST Labs research and development unit to develop the COmpact Front-end Filters at the EIEment-level (COFFEE) program.

The article discusses BAE Systems' FAST Labs research and development organization a 17.5 million contract for the Generating RF with Photonic Oscillators for Low Noise (GRYPHON) program.

The article focuses on the 2019 International Microwave Week which was held on June 7, 2010 at Boston, Massachusetts consisting of topics like 5G network, microwave and radar technology.

The article reports that Raytheon Intelligence & Space's (RI&S's) preproduction APG-79(V)4 radar system was successfully flown on a U.S. Marine Corps F/A-18 Hornet earlier this year at the Naval Air Weapons Station in China Lake, California. It mentions that APG-79(V)4 is an APG-79 radar derivative that employs the first airborne GaN-AESA fire-control radar to help pilots detect and track enemy aircraft from greater distances with greater accuracy of cooling requirements of legacy aircraft.

The article discusses an alternative simulation method or the scenario framework simulation (SFS) technique that would cause the elimination of interference, thus encapsulate the performance of the modern radar system. Topics discussed include the advantages of the SFS technique in mobile radar measurements, the function of SFS, and measurements that must be performed to accurately account for clutter or other forms of interference.

High-power transmit/receive (T/R) switches for use in multi-channel ice-penetrating imaging radars are capable of sustaining peak power levels exceeding 1000 W. They are based on a balanced topology and built using quadrature hybrids and actively biased PIN diodes. Insertion loss is lower than 1.3 dB from 100 to 350 MHz and lower than 1.6 dB from 150 to 600 MHz. Isolation in transmit mode is higher than 85 dB across both bands with turn-on and turn-off times shorter than 1300 ns and 200 ns, respectively. Both designs were successfully used in multichannel radars for measurements in the Arctic and Antarctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 2016 Electronic Design Innovation Conference (EDI CON) China, China Electrotechnical Society's Electromagnetic Technology Conference & Exhibition (EMC) China, and the China Radar Industry Association conference on April 19-21, 2016. Topics discussed include silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor technology, wireless communication, and fire control radar.

The article discusses the matched filter system that can be improved with the modern systems by matching the matched filter. The concept is to precisely measure a particular dispersive surface acoustic wave (SAW) compressor using a high resolution VNA and generate an expanded pulse that is matched to that particular SAW device, rather than manufacturing custom compensation networks for each SAW compressor. Information on the advantage of the strategy is discussed.

This article updates previous papers discussing significant developments, trends and breakthroughs in radar, phased arrays and the underlying technologies that enable them.1-8 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article evaluates the Demorad 24 GHz Radar for non-contact industrial sensors from Analog Devices Inc.

The article focuses on the radar systems which are used in variety of commercial, industrial and defense applications. Topics discussed include research and development (R&D) regarding testing of radar systems, radar target generators which apply time delay, Doppler frequency, and attenuation to a radar signal, and Fiber Optic Delay Lines (FODL). Also mentioned are air traffic control (ATC), missile tracking, and quantization.

The article discusses the growing demand for microwave power amplifiers (PA) brought by an increasing number of applications from commercial cellular systems to military radars that depend on amplified high-frequency signals. It outlines the copper surface roughness of a high-frequency circuit material as well as the PA designers' concern of circuit material insertion loss. The critical component of thermal management for achieving high reliability in any microwave PA is also tackled.

The article focuses on the advancement of radio frequency (RF) connectors for embedded computing systems. Topics incclude the use of RF technology for high speed communications systems, the evolution of active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar systems, and the open architecture of Virtual Exchange Program (VXP).

The article offers information regarding the Co-existence Tests for S-Band Radar and long-term evolution (LTE) network and the potential issues concerning S-Band radar systems and LTE networks from mobile devices and radar operating. Topics discussed include the operation of LTE in time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD), presence of LTE signals in the radar receiver causing interference to radar system, and estimating the disturbance of radar caused by bandwidths.

The article discusses the Modular Platform Approach for ultra-wide bandwidths (UWB) radar system design along with its verification challenges. Topics discussed include the technology used by radar systems ranging from ultra- wide bandwidths (UWB) to phased arrays, technologies used by radar scientists to improve the low probability of intercept (LPI) properties of radar, and ability of UWB radar technology to increase track resolution of radar systems.

The article discusses the importance of phase noise a critical factor in sophisticated radar and communication systems and serves a key parameter in defining target acquisition in radars and spectral integrity in communication systems. Topics include the use of phase noise as a measure of the frequency stability of an oscillator, the impact of phase noise to the performance of many microwave systems and the relation of Doppler effect to the velocity of the object being imaged in radar systems.

The article discusses the challenges in research and development of digital and radio frequency (RF) microwave technologies. It addresses the design process, system integration and testing of radar systems as well as the software tools used in the design process. It mentions the active and passive radar systems and their capabilities.

The article focuses on the innovation to application and the move to commercialisation of automotive radar. It offers the background for the development of the radar, in which automatic cruise control (ACC) system base on millimetre-wave radar has been the center of radar study and development. It mentions that the aspect of radar, from long range radar (LRR) through medium range radar (MRR) to short range radar (SRR), has demonstrated that it has the capability to lessen road accidents.

The article presents the Autonomous Radar Sensor Enables Smart Motion Sensing from Infineon Technologies AG.

The article looks at the AULOS passive covert radar (PCR) system being developed by SELEX Sistemi Integrati in concert with the Italian Ministry of Defense as of January 2013. It explains that PCRs are designed to detect and track down targets with the help of radio frequency (RF) signals emitted by Frequency Modulation (FM), Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB), and Digital Video Broadcast-Television (DVT-B) stations, and adds that they can be utilized in a wide variety of surveillance applications.

This article proposes a new form of three-dimensional (3D) structure that can be easily constructed at a low cost. The proposed structure creates a set by combining a component attached layer-board using a frame-board as a spacer. Another element of the proposed structure stacks these sets to realize a tile structure similar to how a container house is built. Each set is connected through vertical interconnections by a solderless-method, using fuzz buttons. A tile structure active Transmit/Receive module is created, based on the proposed structure and is applied to an, active phased array radar, operating in the 18 GHz frequency range. The fabricated module and its test results confirm that the proposed structure is cost efficient and easy to realize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses military applications for Active Electronically Steered Array (AESA) X-Band radars, such as for combat aircraft, Surface to Air Missile radar, and Early Warning radar. The history of Electronically Steered Arrays (ESAs) is discussed, as well as military radar manufacturing in the U.S., Europe, and Russia. Defense technology companies such as Northrop-Grumman, Phazotron, and Tikhomirov are discussed.