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Wood is biomass made from lignocellulose, the main raw material for pulp production, both species of hardwood and softwood. Utilization of as much wood as possible, including less-known wood species, is widely open because the availability of good quality wood for industry raw materials is increasingly limited. In general, all wood species can be used for paper pulp. But the selection of types of lignocellulosic material with specific properties, such as physical, anatomical and chemical, play an important role in efficiently using wood as raw materials for pulp and paper. This research was carried out to examine wood properties (specific gravity, fiber quality and cellulose content) of four less-known hardwoods from natural tropical rainforest in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia and assessed their potential use for paper pulp. Those hardwood species comprised of cempedak (Artocarpus integer Merr.), jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Hav.), saling-saling (Artocarpus teysmanii Miq.) and simpur (Dillenia serrata Thunb.). The specific gravity determined by the weight of oven dried wood and volume of air dried wood where the wood volume be measured by water immersion method, the fiber dimensions measured through maceration preparations which was made using the Franklin procedure, while TAPPI method used for chemical analysis. In condition to paper pulp raw material, the specific gravity (0.40 – 0.69) is categorized as moderate, the fiber quality is classified as good (class II), and cellulose content (40.12% - 52.47%) is categorized as moderate to high for all those less-known hardwoods. All four less-known hardwoods studied potentially use for paper pulp raw materials. But simpur has the most potential due to long fiber and higher specific gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze Indonesia's strategy in facing the Voluntary Partnership Agreement on Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade (FLEGT-VPA) cooperation agreement between the European Union and Indonesia to improve the export performance of Indonesian wood products to the European Union market. With research, an analysis of the opportunities and challenges that Indonesia intends to face in maintaining the stability of the export activities of Indonesian wood products and improving the quality of these wood products so that they can be accepted based on the standards of the destination country. FLEGT-VPA is a bilateral agreement between the European Union and timber exporting nations to improve forest sector governance and ensure that timber and wood products supplied into the EU are produced in line with partner country laws and regulations. The issue that a developing country like Indonesia wants to experience in an effort to improve the quality of wood products according to the standards of the destination country is a large number of illegal logging, illegal timber sales and others. This study focuses on the pulp and paper industry and uses qualitative analysis research methods and analyzes the data collection techniques from various sources. The increase in the export performance of Indonesian pulp, paper and, paperboard to the European Union from 2016 after the ratification of the FLEGT-VPA shows that the quality of Indonesian products is promising to spread in the European Union market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper making industry is looking for new main raw material based on its physical, chemical and morphological characteristics. Currently in this industry, bagasse is the most useful raw material in pulp and paper industry. The objective of this study is to determine its suitability for pulping. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tree normally found in Indonesia and Australia. Acacia auriculiformis leaf contains of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The range of lignin content in Acacia auriculiformis is 19%-20%. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents was removed by soda-pulping process using different concentrations as followed; 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. In order to determine the optimum pulping conditions for Acacia auriculiformis craft paper, several tests were conducted such as apparent density, tear test, tensile strength test and moisture absorption. It was found that the Acacia auriculiformis fibre treated with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions gave good tear test of the paper. For apparent density test, the best concentration of NaOH used for treating Acacia auriculiformis pulping is at 15%. From the study, the optimum concentration of NaOH in treating Acacia auriculiformis fibre is at 5% for best result in tensile strength. Hence, from the overall tests, 5% concentration of NaOH is the optimum value. From the findings, Acacia auriculiformis fibre has a potential to be used in paper making and food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of the industrial sector has increased either energy demand or generate a tremendous effect on waste piles. To combat the issue of poor sanitation due to waste accumulation and multiply the energy sources, the government promotes energy diversification, particularly dealing with waste management. This study aims to recycle plastic waste, paper waste and sawdust into solid fuel briquettes while observing their physical and combustion properties. Briquette production is carried out by combining waste of plastics and sawdust with binding agents, such as paper pulp and cassava starch. These materials were mixed with water, being compacted and conventionally dried under the sunlight. Solid briquette was then tested for calorific value, moisture content and volatile matter to ensure the effectiveness of combustion. The results show that the modified composition of plastic and paper with the ratio of 3:1 is physically sturdy with minor cracks, has a greater calorific value of 6801.62 Cal/gr, low moisture content (4.73%) and volatile matter (5.50%). The modified composition of paper: plastic: sawdust with the ratio of 1:1:1 exhibits more sturdy stuff, with a calorific value of 4565.47 Cal/ gr, low moisture content (1.85%) but high volatile matter (34.07%). Waste conversion to solid fuel briquette can be utilized as future green energy alternative in any major cities of Indonesia. A modified mixture of plastic : paper waste is more prone to transmit the heat despite having less capability to ignite, while the mixture of sawdust : paper is more prone to ignite despite having less capability to store and dismiss the heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borassus flabellifer L. becomes one of the palm-based commodities in Indonesia that can grow well in dry areas, especially around the north coast of Java Island. An abundant waste of this plant, in the form of leaf midrib and fruit fiber, has a potential as a source of lignocellulose for the paper industry. In the present study, Kraft paper production was conducted to know the influence of the proportion of leaf midrib and fruit fiber of Borassus flabellifer L., and the concentration of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) adhesives on the sensory and physical quality of Kraft paper. The research method was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The Friedman test was used to determine the sensory quality of Kraft paper. The ANOVA analysis was used to examine the physical quality of Kraft paper. The results showed that the treatment of raw material proportion and PVAc adhesive concentration had significant effect on color, surface texture, yield, and tensile resistance, but insignificant between treatment of Gramatur and tear resistance. The best treatment of sensory tests was Kraft paper with proportion of 50% leaf midrib pulp, 50% fruit fiber pulp, and 7.5% PVAc adhesive concentration. It has a yield value of 72.11%, Gramatur of 162.80 (g/m²), tensile strength of 1.70 (%), and tear resistance of 197.6 (gf). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moodle-based Learning Management Systems have been widely used in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia. In this regard, this study aims to identify and describe the implementation of the Whole Language Approach in improving the ability to write simple scientific papers for students at PGRI Yogyakarta University through the Moodle-based Learning Management System. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative with data in the form of descriptions of the results of research implementation supported by observations, interviews, theoretical studies, and relevant research. The results of this study indicate an increase in the ability to write student scientific papers in the experimental class after using the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS in learning to write. Several aspects that were assessed were structure, systematics, language use, content coherence, and references used. This increase is indicated by the test numbers before and after the use of the Whole Language Approach through the Moodle-based LMS with mean values of 6.5 to 8.8 in the experimental class, and 6.7 to 7.1 in.the control class. This shows that the use of the Whole Language Approach through Moodle-based LMS is proven to improve students' ability to write simple scientific papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper waste production in DKI Jakarta according to data from The Jakarta's Environmental Services reaches an average of 40% of total waste production per month for each municipality (kotamadya). On the other hand, Indonesia's necessity of construction development, notably residential home, is increasing constantly along with the amount of Indonesia's population. This condition stimulates innovation of eco-friendly, inexpensive building material with suitable strength. Since 1990's, papercrete, concrete with waste paper as substitution of fine and/ or coarse aggregate, has been studied. Its use for structural materials has evolved and required supporting research for application on larger structural components. In this research, homogeneity aspect of papercrete from domestic waste (office) is investigated along a certain height of vertical beam. To do so, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) propagation measurement on 5 vertical prismatic beam specimens was conducted. By using direct mode transmission, two transducerswere used through 15 cm of width. Rate of propagation can detect the density of concrete at each level since early age of concrete (2 hour after casting). It describes the distribution of material inside. This homogeneity study is beneficial in evaluating papercrete application in real beam structure in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has targeted to reach 23% of renewable energy share by 2025. In order to meet the target, many researchers have focused on the explorations of renewable energy resources. One of the potential solutions to meet the target is the agricultural wastes, include corn cobs and areca nut fiber. In this study, the calorific value of corn cobs and areca nut fiber are tested. The corn cobs and areca nut fiber are collected from the farmers in Sumatera Utara province of Indonesia. In addition, the Paper waste is also tested. A bomb calorimeter of IKA C6000 is used to measure the energy content of the biomass. The results show that the calorific value of Corn cobs and Areca nut fiber is 5573 Cal/g and 4946 Cal/g, respectively.By using the average yearly production of Corn and Areca nut, these calorific values similar to 4,539 TOE and 4,653 TOE, respectively. If the potency can be used to replace the coal as an alternative fuel, this potency will reduce the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The potency of mitigation GHG by replacing Corncob and Areca nut fiber are 18,306 and 18,491 ton of CO2e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy demand in Indonesia increases continuously, but its availability is thinning out. Therefore, an alternative energy where the source is bountiful but has not been used properly is needed, such as used paper. This used paper is usually produced by office activities, educational institutions, even home activities. The used paper contains very high cellulose since the lignin contained in the raw material has been removed during the pulping process. Cellulose is a polymeric compound consisting of glucose monomers. The hydrolysis of cellulose is able to produce glucose which subsequently can be fermented into bio-ethanol. A study on hydrolysis of used paper to produce glucose as the raw material of bio-ethanol is urgent to conduct. The present work studied the hydrolysis of used paper using acid catalyst (sulfuric acid, chloride acid), which was heated in a microwave equipped with a cooling set up to avoid the evaporation of hydrolysate. The level of glucose in the hydrolysate was affected linearly by the acid concentration, hydrolysis time, and microwave power. Using chloride acid 2N for 7 hours, the hydrolysis produced glucose with a level of 76.542%, and 59.532% for sulfuric acid 3N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in water quality can be shown in physical, chemical and biological indicators. The presence of phytoplankton can be used as a bioindicator to evaluate changes in water quality and fertility in a water. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and biological index of phytoplankton in the Ir.H. Djuanda Reservoir. The method used is a survey. Types of phytoplankton obtained in the results of the study consisted of 6 classes and 36 species. The average abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of the Ir. H. Djuanda ranged from 23809 – 98810 cells/l. The results of the analysis of diversity (H') = 1.78 – 2.53, uniformity index (E) = 0.62 – 0.8 and dominance index (C) = 0.12 – 0.28. These results indicate that the diversity of phytoplankton in the Ir. H. Djuanda has moderate diversity, high uniformity and no dominance. Based on the value of the diversity index, it shows that the reservoir is classified as lightly polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and increasing every year, including in Indonesia. Promethium-149 (149Pm) is one of beta-emitting (Eβ-max of 1.07 MeV and T1/2 of 2.21 days) radiolanthanides that can be used for therapeutic application. Radioisotope of 149Pm can be produced with high specific activity that was suitable for labeling of biomolecule as a targeted radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. Radiochemical separation of 149Pm from irradiated of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) target with 98.4% neodymium-148 (148Nd) isotope enrichment has been carried out based on extraction chromatography method using LN (Eichrom) resin column. The target material was irradiated at Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor. Radiochemical purity the final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope was determined using paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis methods. Radionuclide purity of 149PmCl3 solution was determined using a gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with HP-Ge detector and a multichannel analyzer (MCA). The results show that the optimum condition on separation of 149Pm from irradiated of Nd2O3 target with 98.4% 148Nd isotope enrichment was obtained using 1.5N HNO3 solution at temperature of 80 °C as mobile phase. The yield of 149Pm obtained from the separation was 97.8 ± 2.1%. The final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope has physico-chemical characteristic that meet the requirements for nuclear medicine applications with radiochemical purity and radionuclide purity of 99.7 ± 0.2% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. The solution of 149PmCl3 was clear, with the pH of 1 and stable for 1.5 weeks at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of new cells beyond the normal limits. The process by which cancers invade and spread to the other organs is called metastasis, this condition became the leading cause of death. One of detection methods that are currently used to detect tumors and metastatic tissues is conducted with radiopharmaceutical of [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ([18F] FDG). This method is quite accurate, but is relatively expensive because it needs PET / CT camera that is still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop other imaging methods using SPECT-CT camera that is cheaper and easy to reach especially for developing countries. Labelling 2-deoxy-D-glucose with technetium-99m (99mTc) indirectly using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a co-ligand / bifunctional agent has been carried out. The determination of the optimum conditions for the labelling of 99mTc-DTPA-DG were done by varying the amount of reducing agent (SnCl2.2H2O), ligand (2-deoxy-D-glucose), pH, and incubation time. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was determined by ascending paper chromatography and electrophoresis paper. The results showed that the labelling optimum conditions of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was achieved by the number of ligand 2-deoxy-D-glucose as much as 2 mg, co-ligand DTPA 750 µg, 50 µg SnCl2.2H2O, the reaction takes place at pH 6 with an incubation time of 30 min at room temperature. 99mTc-DTPA-DG has a radiochemical purity of 93.16±1.31% and the electrophoresis results showed that there is a difference between the peaks of 99mTc-DTPA-DG with other impurities including 99mTc-DTPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand of tissue papers is increasing with the population increase. This will definitely increase the need of wood fibers as the main raw material. However, due to the wood shortages, there have been many attempts to use non- wood fibers as substitutes for papermaking. In Indonesia, corn production has gradually increased for the last 5 years, hence it also has an impact on the raising in the amount of corn husk waste. Corn husk has a high cellulose content which suitable to be used as a raw material for tissue papermaking. In this experiment, soda pulping process was conducted to remove out lignin. The resulting tissue paper will be added with additives that have antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mangosteen peel for the purpose of increasing the tensile strength or absorption of water. The aim of this research is to study the effect of depending variables (temperature and NaOH concentration) on chemical composition (cellulose and lignin content), and physical properties including water absorption and tensile strength.The research was started with the initial process of removing the lignin content in the pulp by pretreating delignification using the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) process with several variations in concentration (4–10%), and temperature (60–90°C) for 1.5 hours. To obtain tissue with a good physical condition, it has been influenced by the optimum chemical composition containing high cellulose and low lignin content, high tensile strength and water absorption. The optimum conditions for tissue paper in this study were at 90°C and 4% of NaOH concentration. The next step will be to vary the composition of the additive in order to obtain the effect of physical properties (tensile strength and water absorption). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acacia Mangium and Eucalyptus Pellita had been used as raw material of pulp in Indonesia. In this research 5-year old of the wood were pulped under different active alkali charge varied at 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20% and its effect on pulp yield, pulp viscosity and kappa number was investigated. The cooking was done in a rotating digester Haato 6 chambers and 300 gram of dry mass chips were used, with sulfidity 25%, H-factor 800, temperature 165°C and ratio between chips and liquid was 1: 3,5. The pulp screened yield indicates that decreased from 53,7 to 52,25% for acacia mangium and 53,0 to 50,6% for eucalyptus pellita when active alkali charge increased. Kappa number decreased from 19,0 to 16,8 for acacia mangium and 16,69 to 13,4 for eucalyptus pellita when active alkali charge increased. The viscosity decreased from 818 to 378 ml/g for acacia mangium and 697 to 426,8 ml/g for eucalyptus pellita when active alkali charge increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a proven method for increasing oil production in many oil fields in the world. Huge oil remaining in the reservoir after primary and secondary recovery stage are the main reason for developing EOR methods. Approximately of 49.50 billion barrels oil as a candidate for EOR activities in Indonesia. This present study focuses on the chemical EOR activities involved surfactant and polymer. This research based on pertinent information from various resources such as journal papers, conference papers, and report from the government. Based on this information, this paper explain in detail the progress of each project and it shows the potential oil field employ chemical EOR in the near future. Generally, the EOR activities can be categorized into two phases such as preliminary study phase and field implementation phase. In the preliminary study, the activities simply involve experimental and/or simulation works. Following the preliminary is the field implementation phase which can be categorized into three phases such as field trial, pilot project, and full-scale. In fact, several activities have been conducted by Lemigas (government oil and gas research center), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Institut Pertanian Bogor. These activities focused on laboratory and simulation work. Those institutions have been developing the chemical formula collaborating with oil companies for applying the EOR method in their oil fields. Currently, status of chemical EOR activities include 5 oil fields under pilot project and 12 oil fields under field trial. There are 7 oil fields applying surfactant, 4 oil fields by alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP), 2 oil fields by polymer, 1 oil field by surfactant polymer (SP), and 1 oil field by caustic. According to this information, we will have insight knowledge about the EOR current activities, the main issues, future activities on chemical EOR in Indonesia. Moreover, this study can became the preliminary information for researchers who interested conducting further research and development on the chemical EOR activities in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial revolution 4.0 is concerned with process automation, artificial intelligent, and personalization. This revolution is driven by the very rapid development of digital technology so that the characteristics of this industry are a process that is increasingly efficient and transparent and is very oriented towards customer needs. The main objective of this paper is to describe the current state of the smart gas grid concept that has recently begun to be discussed as Indonesia enters thes industrial era 4.0. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the expected features of a smart gas grid, with first paying attention to existing academic literature related and ongoing worldwide projects. In doing this, this paper also discusses the potential for rethinking the smart grid paradigm from the perspective of the entire energy system, including the integration of electricity and gas networks, and identifies some important key aspects that must be addressed when developing a new smart energy system paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a solution concept to develop an IA framework for Smart Government. Smart Government is an extended model of eGovernment and is an attempt to use developing technology to realise unfulfilled promises from previous modernisation initiatives such as new public management and eGovernment. Since the implementation of Smart Government relying on ICT, an approach to protect any threat to the information and systems and assure the business continuity in the event of an is needed. As a result, information assurance (IA) should be taken into consideration. The basic goal of information assurance is to protect businesses by lowering risks connected with data and information systems and assuring business continuity. However, although there are some studies focused on IA for eGovernment in Indonesia, there is no study so far that has focused on IA for Smart Government in Indonesia. This paper provides an overview of the relationship between Smart Cities, Smart Governance, and Smart Government. Furthermore, because Smart Government is an extended model of eGovernment, this paper also formulates a solution concept to develop an IA framework for eGovernment further to be an IA framework for Smart Government. The solution is, by using the triangulation method, an IA framework for Smart Government can be developed by identifying IA factors for eGovernment, IoT, Big Data, and Open Data. Using the solution concept, the future framework can be used to support IA implementation for Smart Government in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oceans are so vast that it is estimated that humans have only explored 5% of their total surface area. Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface. Unknowingly, the ocean is one of the main sources of support for many humans. Unfortunately, the importance of oceans is often overlooked. Humans are important entities that have a significant impact on the changes that occur in the oceans. Since before 1972, humans have often indirectly dumped garbage, sewage sludge, chemical waste, commercial waste, and radioactive waste into the sea. According to analysis, 80% of worldwide marine pollution is from land-based pollution (Land-primarily based sources pollution/"LBSP"). The plastic waste, nutrients, pesticides, weight, sediment, and steel waste that enter the water glide through LBSP are the result of family activities, industry, tourism, and agriculture. Every year, 8 million tonnes of plastic waste from deep inland areas ends up inside the ocean, on top of the expected 150 million tonnes, that presently circulate marine environments. This paper was conducted through a literature study and in-depth analysis the using qualitative research methods. This paper pursuits to analyse the proper strategy that the Indonesian government can take as a primary contributor to plastic waste inside the global and reduce ocean pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the analysis of studies of pedagogical content knowledge and connected with the culturally responsive teaching on pre-service science teachers. This study used the qualitative research with document analysis. The purpose of this paper tries to explore the culturally responsive teaching in the science classroom particularly for ethnoscience course. The components of pedagogical content knowledge identified in the several existing literatures and there are three main relevant issues were discussed. These issues include (1) pedagogical content knowledge, (2) culturally responsive teaching content knowledge, and (3) culturally responsive pedagogical content knowledge (CRPCK). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main problems faced in the property management industry especially in Indonesia is limited knowledge or even ignorance of the important role of information technology and information systems in supporting and developing their business. Whereas in a world that is currently heading towards the digital industry and the trend of industry 4.0 which is on the rise, IT and IS components are needed. This paper will explain the important role of IT and IS to help understand their use, and how they can help businesses to grow in the property management industry which is increasingly competitive. The research method used in compiling this paper is in the form of observation of problems in the field. The result of this research is an Information Technology Support Model in the use of information technology to support the property management business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the advancement of technology, Indonesia's focus has shifted to the enhancement and simplification of everyday transactions. This is highly common in the widespread use of e-wallets as a payment method for digital transactions involving multiple verification methods, including PIN, Password, Face Recognition and others. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 385 respondents from generation Z in Indonesia who utilized face recognition as a security verification method for digital transactions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the security and efficacy of facial recognition in digital wallet payment verification applications as experienced by users. With the use of the TAM model's analysis, it is proved that all the variables used are significantly related, allowing one to conclude that the safety and efficacy that are possessed are adequate. This paper also supports the growth of trust factors and reasonings for the usage of face recognition in digital transaction self-verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Indonesia's National Guidelines on Green Buildings (Kemen PUPR No,21,2021) called Penilaian Kinerja Bangunan Gedung Hijau (BGH), green buildings are mandatory for new and existing buildings. As environmental concerns grow, the Government uses these ratings to control energy consumption. A government initiative aims to increase demand for environmentally friendly buildings. This paper evaluates BGH's green building rating system for project certification in two Indonesian cities, Jakarta and Padang Paser Utara. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, the largest and one of the most populous urban city in Indonesia. Moreover, the new Indonesia capital city, Nusantara, will be built in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Using the results of this research, recommendations and suggestions can be given related to the design of green buildings both in Jakarta and Penajam Paser Utara. Evaluations will be conducted on simple residential buildings. The results of these studies indicate that designers and architects may have difficulty incorporating this rating systems into their designs. An evaluation of BGH ratings and sustainability analysis can be performed with building information modeling and a conceptual framework is presented toward the end of this paper. A rating system's success depends heavily on discussion among all stakeholders, including architects, engineers, environmentalists, governments, and communities. Indonesian experts in the building sector should take part in and contribute to this project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is based on the problem of microplastics found in water, where plastic packaging is now widely used in food and beverage packaging and raises social concerns about its health effects. The microplastics, small plastic particles with a size of 5 mm or less, found in the body can be toxic, cause hormonal imbalances, heart disease, infertility, and obesity. Research on methods for analyzing microplastics in water is still limited in Indonesia, this study identify and analyze the microplastic content in the drinking water and its saurce in Indonesia using raman spectroscopy method. The analysis of microplastics content was performed on various drinking water samples and their sources. The test included 7 water samples from different brands, water sources and different water bottle industries in Indonesia. Content analysis was performed in three stages, starting with the preparatory stage, the filtration process. The filtration process is performed using filter paper that matches the size of the sample to be inspected. In addition, various particles trapped in the filter paper were analyzed under a microscope to separate the microplastic particles. At last, a raman spectroscopy test was performed to determine the type of microplastics present in the contents of the water sample. Through the analysis and study of the content of various water samples carried out, the analyzed water content found various types of microplastics in the form of fragments, fibers, filaments, and films, most of which were PET (Polyethylene terephthalate). There are also found to be polypropylene and PVC (Polyvinyl chloride). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steel industries account for 6% of the world's CO2 emissions. The number of emissions will continue to increase as the steel industry in Indonesia grows. Generally, steel production uses blast furnaces which can produce large CO2 emissions. The blast furnace process emissions called blast furnace gas (BFG) contain 20.7% mol of CO2. The high CO2 content also causes the calorific value of the gas to be low, so the gas must be purified to increase its calorific value to be used for power generation. In addition, the steel industry also produces steel slag as waste with a high CaO content (45.2%) but with low economic value. To increase its economic value, CaO content can be used to absorb CO2 from BFG to produce Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC). The use of PCC is very broad for various industrial needs, such as a filler in the paper industry which can increase paper brightness. Therefore, the "Precipitated Calcium Carbonate from Blast Furnace Gas and Steel Slag" plant is expected to be a solution to reduce CO2 emissions from the steel industry. BFG and steel slag as raw materials were obtained from PT. Krakatau Posco. The PCC production process consists of three main stages, namely: (1) Pre-Treatment Steel Slag; (2) Carbonation; and (3) Purification. In the pre-treatment stage, the pH-swing method was used to extract CaO with NH4Cl solvent using pH control. The use of NH4Cl solution is advantageous because it can be recycled. This process obtained a solution of CaCl2 and NH4OH, which was then reacted with CO2 from BFG in a bubble column reactor, resulting in a carbonation process. In the reactor, PCC (CaCO3) and several impurities are formed. The PCC solids formed will then be filtered, dried, and reduced in size so that the moisture content and size are under PCC specifications for the paper industry. Besides producing PCC, purified BFG will be recycled and used as fuel for power generation. The plant location is integrated with PT. Krakatau Posco in the industrial area, Cilegon, Banten, West Java, with a production capacity of 12,750 tons/year. From the results of the economic analysis, with the capital expenditure (capex) of about IDR 337 million and operational expenditure (OPEX) of about IDR 89 million: the payback period is about 6.35 years, and the break-even point (BEP) is 32.38%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for renewable energy is highly increasing worldwide to fulfil energy demand as well as reduce the impact of global warming. Indonesia as the most extensive archipelago face real challenge to power its remote areas with green electricity. This paper assesses economically the idea of hybrid power plant of solar and/or biomass to electrify Indonesian remote areas with green electricity. Furthermore, the carbon credit as an additional income of this project is estimated using CDM methodology. The project is proposed in Sakti, Batukandik, and Batumadeg villages in Nusa Penida Island, Bali; the ER are 7460.57, 2587.10, and 9044.84 tCO2e/year, accordingly. The IRR is analyzed under two scenarios: the initial electricity cost of USD 0.15/kWh and the reduced cost of USD 0.10/kWh including carbon credits and biochar sales. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to observe the effect of most tentative variables towards the IRR. Furthermore, determining the feasibility of this project by analyzing the ERR is assessed to be important, whether it is profitable for the community or not. For the ERR analysis, there are two results calculations. The ERR value with the application of carbon credits shows 32.66%. In comparison, the ERR value without the application of carbon credits shows 28.19%. These values are obtained from several parameter calculations in the ERR analysis in this study. It consists of a consumer surplus, which is computed from the benefits obtained by PLN. Then, the producer surplus and job increases are computed from the benefits obtained by the community if this project is executed. This paper result has essential role in contribution to social, economic, and environmental goal for sustainable development and supporting national economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID 19 disease has spread worldwide, disrupting the economy, society, education, and health. It became crucial to understand the transmission curve and identify the best action in combating this highly transmissible epidemic. Epidemiological parameters of the deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model are widely used in explaining the characteristics and behavior of the disease spreading. Disease like COVID-19 is highly influenced by the uncontrolled factors of randomness, hence in this paper, the deterministic susceptible-infected-recovered-death (SIRD) model is extended to the stochastic SIRD (SSIRD) model. SSIRD model takes into consideration the noisy behavior of the process which explains the uncontrolled effects of the COVID-19 outbreak. The epidemiological parameter of the model changes throughout the epidemic due to external factors such as enforcement and public obedience to the control measures as well as the changes in healthcare facilities. These parameters need to be estimated. This paper estimates the epidemiological parameters of the SSIRD model using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method of the Metropolis Hasting algorithm. The COVID-19 data from Malaysia and Indonesia are used and the dynamical behavior of the COVID-19 outbreak in both countries is simulated. The results show the parameter changing due to the uncontrolled factors influencing the trend of the pandemic curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet integrated various kinds of data by collecting and storing all information that can be analyzed to produce what people understand as big data. Big data make an essential contribution to creating new knowledge and intelligent solution for social and business that will empower society. However, data collection and processing are vulnerable to intervening in the privacy of the data subject. More than 100 countries already have their data protection law that is mainly influenced by GDPR. Under an extraterritorial principle, GDPR applies to any data controller and data processor, including those that are not established in the EU. As a promising country in the digital economy, there is a possibility that the GDPR will affect Indonesia's business, including the sanctions. Using normative legal research, this paper analyzes a structure of GDPR requirements that source Indonesia's business shall comply with GDPR. Based on the structure of GDPR, this paper is also finding some existing Indonesia's business has met such requirements as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aurantiochytrium sp. is a marine protist that is highly ecologically relevant in the mangrove environment. This species of microalgae has long been known to produce high concentration of Docohexanoic acid (DHA, omega-3, 22:6n-3). DHA has a beneficial role for maintenance of normal brain function, visual acuity as well as prevention of cardiovascular and neurological diseases in humans. Although Indonesia is known to have the largest mangrove forest in the world, unfortunately, research on the isolation, potential observation and use of Aurantiochytrium microalgae has been still rarely published. Therefore, this research aims to promote the importance of research field using microalgae Aurantiochytrium from Indonesian strain for future biochemical production processes. In this work, the samples of targeting microalgae were isolated from Kulonprogo mangrove, Yogyakarta using the direct plating method. The isolation medium contained 50% (v/v) seawater, 1% (w/v) agar, 0.5% (w/v) glucose, 0.1% (w/v) peptone, and 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, without the addition of streptomycin and penicillin. Morphological characteristics were observed. The observation results confirmed the availability of Aurantiochytrium isolates in prepared medium. Therefore, future isolation of Aurantiochytrium microalgae from other Indonesian mangrove forests can use the direct planting methods presented in this paper. In addition, this paper presented future important applicability of Indonesian Aurantiochytrium strains for uses in strategic industrial sectors, including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and biofuel companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalation of world's population leads to water shortage particularly in developing countries. In order to save fresh water, seawater utilization in concrete production is considered as an alternative option which is really abundant. Furthermore, seawater is assumed easier to be accessed in coastal and marine region hence it can increase the development of coastal and marine infrastructure (CMI). Seawater utilization is normally prohibited in reinforced concrete due to high chloride ion concentration which can stimulate corrosion to embedded steel bar. However, some researchers reported that seawater has potential to be used as mixing water by proper handling and special treatment. This paper presents the literature-based study of the utilization of seawater in reinforced concrete production in Indonesia. The paper presents some electrochemical measurement techniques consist of half-cell potential, polarization resistance, and anodic polarization curve to estimate the corrosion probability in concrete structure. This paper also describes the application of anti-corrosive treatment such as adding mineral admixture, using high quality steel bar, and application of corrosion inhibitor substance. The finding of this study is that anti-corrosive agents have benefits to increase durability and to decrease corrosion behavior in seawater-mixed concrete. However, generally, the effect anti-corrosive agent in concrete focuses in short-term investigation only. In addition, the paper also contributes to knowledge related to seawater utilization in concrete structures with intention of alternative sustainable construction materials by providing a readily available reference for researchers, practitioners, and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the spread of the Covid-19 in.Indonesia is described by the SIRD epidemiological mathematical model. The mathematical model used in this paper is Susceptible, Infected, Recovered, Death (SIRD). The modified extended Kalman filter algorithm is applied to predict the spread of Covid-19 in.the future. We modified the algorithm by generating real data based on the previous estimation results. The real data generated from the generation is used at the correction stage to obtain prediction results in a fairly long period. Simulations were carried out with three types of mobility restrictions, namely mobility 100%, mobility 75%, and mobility 50%. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that mobility restrictions in Indonesia, which starts on September 4, 2020, can reduce the number of infected and death individuals and can increase the number of individuals who recover from Covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, high background radiation has been found in Mamuju District, West Sulawesi Province, particularly in Takandeang Village and Botteng Village. The average and highest individual effective doses received by residents in North Botteng due to terrestrial gamma radiation and radon concentratrion were 10.40 and 18.62 mSv/y, with the highest effective doses occurring in the inhabitants of the Tande-tande hamlet. Regulatory measure for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) has been regulated in the Government Regulation (GR) No. 33 year 2007 on the Ionizing Radiation Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources. GR 33/20, article 51 states that BAPETEN shall intervene in chronic exposure originating from NORM. This paper aims to estimate the risk of high natural radiation to cancer to consider NORM surveillance in the Mamuju district. The writing of this paper was carried out by collecting and reviewing the literature related to radiation protection, naturally occurring radioactive materials, epidemiology, and IAEA safety standards. Two epidemiological research designs may be utilized to determine the risk admitted by the population due to exposure to natural radiation, namely: cohort and case-control. The use of case-control studies is intended to determine public health conditions as soon as possible. A cohort typology study is required after an action is taken to reduce population acceptance (intervention). The purpose of this epidemiology study was to verify the success of the intervention program being implemented. Implementing epidemiological research is primarily determined by the participation of the community in providing information regarding health conditions and life habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses about the imposition of monetary sanctions in law enforcement against corruption in Indonesia. The question of this paper is how to impose monetary sanctions in law enforcement against corruption in Indonesia in optimizing the return of state financial losses. This paper finds that, corruption continues to grow along with the rapid advancement of technology and information, making law enforcement against corruption must be strengthened to eradicate corruption. Political will from the state is needed to thoroughly investigate the high number of corruptions in Indonesia and the rampant corruption that is rooted in various sectors of the country and has occurred for a long time. Using the doctrinal method, this paper emphasizes the current legal conditions, it is hoped that law enforcement officers can put more emphasis on imposing monetary sanctions rather than sanctions for deprivation of liberty such as imprisonment for perpetrators of corruption. Monetary sanctions, included in this category are fines, asset seizure, state indemnity payment, fees and costs, so that they are expected to optimize the recovery of state financial losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to investigate students' condition during the first couple months of pandemic since it hit Indonesia. Since the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has imposed the use of technology in teaching and learning process, and nothing can enforce the use of technology in education as powerful as Covid-19 Pandemic. Schools and universities have been closed and the teaching and learning process must be done remotely through online learning to slow down the spread of the virus. Students must learn from home. Teacher has to adapt to using online learning platform during this pandemic. However, the e-learning process are still far from perfection as it still caused many problems for teachers and students as well; therefore, a suitable and appropriate learning environment needed to be created for improving the existing learning environment that is safe and effective for students and teacher during pandemic. This research aims to gain the basic inputs in designing an appropriate classroom/learning environment specifically for teaching during and, hopefully, after pandemic. An online survey is spread to reach more and wider respondents, because we would like to gain as much as possible data from the Z generation. There are as many as 4841 college students in Gorontalo responded to the survey. The Result of this research shows the students' condition on the first couple of months when the pandemic hit Indonesia, especially the province of Gorontalo, that effected the teaching and learning process in our university. The issues and problems surrounding the implementation of online learning as well as the students' life facing the covid-19 pandemic will be presented in more detail in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (PPKM) during the Covid-19 pandemic reduced activities in the transportation sector. This paper presents the measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentrations during the PPKM in Makassar City, Indonesia. The samples were collected weekly from August to September 2021 from two traffic-heavy roads using Tedlar bags and a vacuum pump and then analyzed using the Non-Dispersive Infrared method (NDIR). Results showed that the average concentrations of CO on the first street in the morning, midday, and afternoon were 826.63±83.34 µg/m3, 685.65±57.43 µg/m3, 861.6±59.79 µg/m3, respectively; and on the second street were 875.46±77.80 µg/m3, 741.80±62.95 µg/m3, 833.04±44.80 µg/m3, respectively. These CO concentrations measured during the PPKM are lower than those measured before the PPKM on the same sites, reported in another paper. The concentrations are also much lower than those of the Air Quality Standard in Makassar, 30,000 µg/m3. This finding implies that similar policies to reduce traffic and pollution, such as car-free-day, should be enacted to improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban planners often have a good vision for the urban environment, but that vision is usually limited to visual aesthetics. The sound-based qualitative perspective of the urban environment, which includes sonic and ecological diversity in urban design, is generally ignored. The soundscape approach can be the most effective system for application in urban planning. This paper aims to apply the soundscape approach to urban planning and explore the impact of sound on the formation of urban open spaces through a case study of the Surakarta City parks Indonesia. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used. The quantitative method was used to measure background noise using a sound level meter and visualize with a surfer mapping software. The qualitative method was used to observe behavior, the physical environment and perception through interviews. In this context, the paper concludes that the concept of the soundscape is a well-established theme in acoustic environments to identify acoustic data that is compared with the human perception of the environment. Human perceptions of the natural environment and elements of natural sounds, as physical factors, can shape human settlements into a better living environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in technology are a double-edged sword in terms of nuclear safety and security. In recent years, the increased use of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has created both opportunities and new threats to nuclear security. UAV intervention has a wide range of applications that could be a threat to nuclear facility, including aerial shooting, the possibility of stealth smuggling of prohibited substances and objects both to and from nuclear facility protected areas, or sabotage with potential damage to critical infrastructure elements, blackouts, and looting. As a result, nuclear facilities that lack effective means of detecting and combating UAV may be vulnerable to the spread of dangerous materials and terrorist sabotage attacks. Considering the various UAV threats, nuclear facilities must take practical measures to protect themselves at the facility level based on the established UAV threat criteria such as early detection and identification, appropriate response and disablement measures. The action taken to ensure that a nuclear facility is prepared to withstand UAV threat include ensuring that regulations exist as a legal basis and that a nuclear facility has a Physical Protection System (PPS) capable of carrying out detect, delay, and response functions. Many international governments have issued warnings to small UAV (drones) owners, urging them to obtain official licenses before flying their photography drones. The use of UAVs in Indonesia is governed by Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 27 of 2021, PM 37 of 2020, PM 63 of 2021, and PM 34 of 2021. The purpose of this paper is to examine the readiness of PPS in Serpong Nuclear Facility, and the result of this paper will be used as a recommendation for developing the PPS and/or the nuclear security regulation in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of green building is believed to be a key factor in achieving sustainable development in the building sector. The Green Building Council Indonesia is responsible for the development and deployment of green buildings in Indonesia, and has released version 1.2 of the Greenship rating tools for evaluating new green buildings. The use of renewable energy sources in green buildings is highly encouraged, with one point awarded for every 0.5% of energy usage covered by renewable energy, up to a maximum of five points. The installation of rooftop PV systems is a popular choice for renewable energy in many governmental green-rated buildings, but it is important to determine the ideal capacity to prevent overpriced installation costs. This paper proposes a method where the focus is on gaining maximum points in renewable energy and minimizing investment costs, rather than maximizing installed capacity. This approach can reduce capacity by up to 68%. Another important consideration is choosing the optimum grid connectivity type, and the paper discusses the options of on-grid or zero export schemes. Zero export scheme is chosen for this case since the capacity of the PV system is much smaller than the grid power connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural practice in upland landscape area throughout Indonesia provide examples of complex socio-ecological systems experiencing rapid socio-economic and environmental transformations in response to sustainable development challenges. There is a close relationship between agriculture productivity, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable landscape management. This paper examines the biodiversity and conservation of food plants for food security toward sustainable development in the uplands of Indonesia. A desk study with descriptive qualitative was implemented in this paper. The data were collected from secondary sources and thus analyzed through understanding and synthesizing the literature. We review the studies between 2007-2022, agriculture commodities were the dominant food plants found in the farmland and home garden in Sumatra, Java, Sumbawa, and Papua, for subsistence and commercial purpose, especially for horticulture commodities. The results showed that there is a challenge today in how to push agricultural systems so as to promote an agroecosystem, and it is clear that sustainable agriculture both promotes and is enhanced by food plant biodiversity. In order to reduce environmental trade-offs and social and institutional tensions, economic expansion and conservation agendas in the upland should be matched. It is expected that protecting food plants in upland areas will promote sustainable growth and ensure community food security. The biodiversity conservation of food plants can be implemented through sustainable landscape management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valuable licensing experience of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled reactors has been accumulated worldwide during the construction of AVR, Peach Bottom, FS Vrain, THTR, HTTR, HTR-10, and HTR-PM. Indonesia has limited licensing experience as one of the new countries in realizing this technology. In addition, the existing regulations and standards available in Indonesia are based more on water-cooled reactors. Considering the experience of these previously HTGR developed countries, Indonesia can learn how to overcome these technical issues, especially from the advancement of HTR-PM construction. This paper aims to discuss the licensing experience of HTGR in Indonesia and the technical issues that can be challenging during the licensing of HTGR in Indonesia. The paper investigates the current regulatory and licensing applied in Indonesia concerning the technical issues areas. The experience of Indonesia during RDE 10MWth licensing will also be discussed, including the previously constructed HTGR highlighted. Furthermore, the licensing gap and recommendations that can benefit future constructed nuclear power plants worldwide, especially in Indonesia, will also be provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research with GeoGebra becomes the primary concern of many researchers nowadays, including in Indonesia. GeoGebra is chosen because of its potential to be used by teachers and teacher educators. Thus, this study begins to systematically review some studies on GeoGebra that has been conducted with college students in Indonesia. This study uses research papers on the largest Indonesian database to collect the data, known as Portal Garuda. This study found 23 research papers on GeoGebra used with college students in Indonesia. The results were analyzed based on five categories; mathematics domains, aims of the studies, methods, subjects, and findings of the studies. Concerning the mathematics contents, this study revealed that calculus becomes the most favorable domain to be investigated. More than half of those studies were conducted with pre-service mathematics teaches, and the aim is to find the effect of GeoGebra based instruction on college students' performance. This study implies that researchers still have some potential to conduct some studies in GeoGebra with college students at University in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investors have an intention to gain profit from every investment they made. A stock is one of the investment tools that could gain high profit. The stock has become one of the popular investment tools in Indonesia. Due to the complicated factors in the stock market, it’s hard to obtain an accurate prediction model to foresee the stock price movement. If investors could foresee the movement of stock price, they will know what decision they made, whether it is to buy, hold or sell. Thus, this paper focused on the application of Fuzzy Kernel Robust C-Means in forecasting the direction of Indonesian stock price movement, specifically, on the consumer goods sector. There are seventeen technical indicators were calculated in this paper by using the historical stock data. The purpose of using Fuzzy Kernel Robust C-Means is it can show the robustness to the outlier. The stocks data that we will be using is from particular companies that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in consumer goods sector. The outcome shows that the best model of the complete experiment with 100 % accuracy given with σ = 0.01 using 90 % training data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To significantly ease the burden on the government in providing fossil fuel subsidies and to reduce CO2 pollution from the transportation sector, the Indonesian government issued a regulation on the acceleration of battery-powered electric vehicle (EV) program for road transportation. To speed up the adoption of this program, aside from encouraging automakers to build new EVs, converting the existing internal combustion engine cars (ICEs) to EVs can be used as an alternative solution. This paper describes the conversion process of a light local-assembled ICE car named Fin Komodo into a battery EV. The conversion included the replacement of Fin Komodo's engine to a 5 kW electric motor and its controller and the installation of a 72V 40 Ah lithium battery pack and its onboard charger. Moreover, a CCS 2 inlet socket and a voltage divider circuit which is based on IEC 61851-1 standard are used so that the converted car's battery can be charged using an AC type 2 plug charging station. The driving test showed that the EV Fin Komodo can run at a maximum speed of around 62 km per hour, while the charging test demonstrated a successful charging process using a public charging station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of soybean production in Indonesia faces various obstacles, where there are only limited productive land for soybean cultivation. Soybeans are generally grown in paddy fields. While Silica (Si) is available in lowland soils compared to non-rice fields because rice plants accumulate Si. The Si element has the function to increase the cell wall lag and the rate hence the low Si impacts the productivity of soybean plants. This paper aims to study the effect of Si concentration on the growth and yield of soybean plants. In this paper, a randomized block design is used as the experimental research methodology. The treatments were to apply silica fertilizer concentration with different application times, namely P1=Liquid Silica 15 mL L−1 with two application times of 15 DAP, 30 DAP; P2=Liquid Silica 15 mL L−1 with three application times 15 DAP, 30 DAP, 45 DAP; P3=Liquid Silica 30 mL L−1 with two application times 15 DAP, 30 DAP; and P4=Liquid Silica 30 mL L−1 with three application times 15 DAP, 30 DAP, 45 DAP. Each treatment was repeated four times. The parameters observed to measure growth response and harvest yield were leaf area, plant dry weight, number of pods, and wet weight of seeds per plant. The analysis of variance at the 5% level shows that the application of silica with different application times affect all experimental parameters. Silica fertilizer concentration of 30 mL L−1 with three applications is the best fertilizer recommendation for soybean growth and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investing in the stock market involves inevitable risk, especially due to the Coronavirus disease (Covid 19) and regional quarantine (lockdown) policies. Experiencing pandemic conditions, some investors might be worried and sold their stocks. Any action would make some loss or miss potential significant gain. Even though time the market is considered a hard and complicated process, understanding the risk can be one way to quantitatively measure the risk. In this paper, the risk is quantified using Monte Carlo simulation by considering Covid 19 outbreak where the expected returns and the highest values were observed. Furthermore, Analyzing Process use data from three different coal mining companies in Indonesia stock exchange. As a result, the three stocks presented which stock was the most, moderate, and least risky. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buton tar sand or commonly known as asbuton is a natural tar sand deposit found in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi. The reserve of asbuton is approximately 179.1 million tons with a hypothetical resource of oil amounting to 10,577,646,000 liters. Asbuton is potentially used as an alternative raw material for non-conventional oil. Non-conventional oil from asbuton could be used as a substitute to the depleted resources of conventional oil in Indonesia. Asbuton non-conventional oil could be prepared by extracted bitumen, a heavy hydrocarbon material in asbuton tar sand, from its mineral. The bitumen then could be further processed to produced non-conventional oil. Various studies have been conducted to extract bitumen with various methods. This paper reviews a bitumen extraction technique using cold and hot water extraction as well as solvent extraction techniques. The solvents used in the solvent extractions are n-hexane, kerosene, ethyl acetate, acetone, and 3-methoxy butyl acetate. The information gathered from this paper will give insight on the choice of suitable solvent and technique in extracting bitumen from asbuton so that the production of non-conventional oil could be realized [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum slag wastes are categorized as hazardous waste so that their disposal in the soil without any treatment can cause serious environmental problems, especially groundwater contamination. This paper aims to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes around aluminum slag waste disposal areas in SumobitoSub district and Kesamben Subdistrict, Jombang Regency. The disposal area that potentially contaminates groundwater is estimated at 31.367 m2 with a volume of 96.470 m3. This study executed a comprehensive literature review of aluminum slag waste characteristics, the environmental impact, groundwater contamination, and management. The methods were monitoring results in 28shallow wells around the disposal area using in situ measurement for parameter pH, temperature TDS, conductivity. Results show that groundwater quality in Bakalan Village, Sebani Village, Talun Kidul Village, Carangrejo Village, Kendalsari Village, and Budug Villageexceed the Indonesian standard for drinking water. This paper attempts to provide a preliminary study for decision-making in groundwater management in the affected area. Further study for the heavy metal parameter in groundwater around the disposal area needs to be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has 83.820 villages spreading in rural areas. Various problems moreover related to rural waste management are topics that need to be discussed. The available data on solid waste characterization, quantification, and rural solid waste management (RSW) is still limited. Therefore, this paper aims to provide typical rural solid waste management (RSWM) based on a study in Kalikuto Village, Central Java, Indonesia. The survey indicates that the generation rate of RSW is 0.55 kg/person/day, with about 71% of RSW generation being dominated by food and garden waste. Meanwhile, plastic, paperboard, and residue (metals, rubber, textiles, glasses, and other materials) constitute 16%, 7%, and 6%, respectively. The RSWM problems mostly are related to limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of environmental awareness, and ineffective regulations. In this paper, some factors that should be considered to improve RSWM include providing integrated waste processing facilities, educating local communities to classify and recycle waste and designing an applicative biological waste treatment such as composting or vermicomposting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location of the Mw 7.5 earthquake on September 28, 2018, was in the Sirenja District of Donggala Regency or about 75 km to the north of Palu City. We present this paper to complete information on disaster data in the northern part, especially for the Sirenja area as an epicenter location. The scope of this research is to present the types of geological hazards, including the area coverage that influenced them. Starting with studying the geological conditions of the Sirenja area, then identifying and mapping the types of hazards that occur. Five types of geological hazards hit the Sirenja area at that time, namely due to surface rupture faults, earthquake shocks, liquefaction effects, tidal flood inundation, and tsunami. Thus, September 28, 2018, is a time that marks the Sirenja area is prone to several geological hazards, and at any time or without knowing when a natural disaster like this will occur again. Based on the results of this study, the local government and the people of Sirenja District are expected to immediately relocate and make a risk reduction strategy or action plan, where the information from this paper can contribute to this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the universities' significant roles in innovation, the entrepreneurial university concept has been taken to many discussions among researchers. Relevant to this knowledge economic era, universities are trying to acquire new knowledge assets by exploring sources of knowledge inside or even outside of the university. Companies, research institutions, experts, and other universities can be a part of many sources available. This paper analyzes the network's characteristics of university-to-university collaboration on patenting. We utilize a concept of graph analytics in form of graph database technology using Neo4J software combining with various analyzing tools. We use 61.490 records of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) registered on the official website Indonesian Sinta (Science and Technology Index). We provide the mechanism to analyzed the network with the various contexts of information by applying centrality, network-level, path-level, and similarity. This paper gives information on how the graph database can help to analyze the data and a glimpse of information on the state of Indonesian patenting universities collaboration network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Built-up area are covering less than one percent but are estimated grow rapidly due to human population and economy activities. The built-up area information is crucial for measuring achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 11 in.making sustainable cities. Supervised machine learning from public satellite imagery, such as Landsat 8 and VIIRS-DNB, is one of method to achieve that information. In this paper, comparison of supervised algorithms is conducted to measure the performance and the ability to classify the built-up class and non built-up. Algorithms used here are Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The research focused on distinguish built-up area in six metropolitan area of Indonesia. Parameter tuning are conducted to get the best model of every algorithm in each area. Using Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) as comparison indicator, XGBoost outperformed other algorithms in five metropolitan areas. Using best model in each area, built-up area classification was conducted in 2014 and mostly built-up area was shown accumulated in center. Then, built-up transformation was measured from 2015 to 2019 and found that Jabodetabek and Kedungsepur experienced the larger built-up area transformation compared the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports an innovative approach in secondary schools in Jakarta that employed ethical dilemma story pedagogy (EDSP) in an integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) project designed to engage chemistry students in ethical values learning. The study investigated how students explored their own values by attempting to resolve ethical dilemmas about environmental problems in an Indonesia context. Ethical dilemmas comprised everyday socio-scientific issues related to chemistry concepts in the high school curriculum, including pros and cons of using artificial fertilizers and disposal of used cooking oil. This qualitative research was conducted in the chemistry classes of two high school teachers. The research employed multiple data collection methods of semi-structured interviews, reflective journals, and classroom observations. The results illustrate students' successful engagement in chemistry learning, critical thinking skills, chemical literacy, ethical values, awareness of environmental problems, and envisioning of education for sustainability. The results also illustrate (i) students' enhanced awareness of their values and their agency in practicing environmental sustainability and (ii) teachers' realization that they can empower students in education for sustainability through ethical dilemma story pedagogy. The study is significant in revealing that education can play an important role in empowering the young generation in education for sustainability through an ethical values approach to their learning. The paper also addresses challenges faced by the researchers in designing chemistry-based ethical dilemma stories, integrating them into a STEAM project, empowering students, and managing time resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science learning media can support science teaching and improve student science proficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the trend of science learning media in Indonesia. The data was obtained through the published papers about media used in science education. The type of published papers taken comes from science education journals in the last 10 years in Indonesia with a rank of S1-S6. The data analysis carried out includes media based on 1) the topic, 2) the material, 3) the integrated learning model, and 4) the type. The results in the first analysis show that many media are developed on the topic of biology and physics. Then the results of the second analysis show that the media has been widely developed on the material of movement systems and light-optic. Furthermore, the results of the third analysis, show that the media is widely integrated with inquiry and problem-based learning models. As for the fourth analysis, the most used type of media is flash based. Many advantages of this flash-based media have been found, therefore for 10 years, this media has been widely developed by researchers. The disadvantage of this media lies on its novelty. Therefore, the researchers should develop new types of science learning media in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Oil and Gas industry, especially onshore operation, access to reach the oil/gas well and other surface production facilities is one of important aspects. The demands for access road in this industry is very high. The technical solution is needed to make the road construction fast and low cost. This paper will conduct a study about the application of Geotextiles Non-Woven to improve soil condition (subgrade) through comparing the pre to the post treatment data. The existing soil is categorized as silty clay with soft consistency based on available visual hand bor report and it is compared to CBR test after the construction finished. Geotextile non-woven specification is also discussed through several laboratory tests. This paper will summarize the process of road construction in Klamono, Papua to obtain illustration how geotextile is applied according to available technical standard which is applied in Indonesia. The standard design will be compared to the real construction which is displayed in as built drawing. Construction method is also mentioned to aim an illustration how the treatment was conducted on site. Finally, it is advised that future research will investigate the comparison of road maintenance between the one use geotextile and not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to model the Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for 34 provinces as panel data in Indonesia. This modeling aims to predict and to see the causes of the CPI movement. This paper contains the formulation, interpretation and inference of the formed GLMM model. The modeling results show that the CPI response variable is assumed to follow the Gamma distribution with a regional random effect better than other models in this paper, this is indicated by the smaller AIC value of 70.2. This study provides a theoretical contribution to dealing with nonnormal distributed data in the CPI as panel data in Indonesia (in this case, we assume that the CPI have Gamma and Lognormal Distributed). In addition, this research is also practically useful for determining the most suitable modeling for CPI data as panel data in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Neural network are commonly used for time series forecasting, especially in financial forecasting, and when external information is useful. The aim of this study is to forecast direct economic losses of Earthquake in Indonesia using NNAR and ARIMA models and selects a model that produces a forecast with a minimum root mean square error (RMSE). The accurate prediction of the direct economic losses of earthquake is critical for allowing policy makers to take a decision to anticipate losses in the future. For the purpose of forecasting accurately, an additional method is used, namely GARCH method for resolving the white noise problem in residual, such as heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and normality. In this paper, two interpolations are applied to expand the original small sample with virtual points. The data of direct economics losses in Indonesia during the period from 1989 to 2021 were collected from EM-DAT (The International Disaster Database). The data partitioned into training and validation periods, such that the last 5 years are the validation period. The software used for ARIMA-GARCH is EViews 10 and NNAR accomplished by forecast package in R software. Based on the analysis, obtained that the result of this study is the neural network autoregression in the training period has an RMSE of 2.412, compared to ARIMA-GARCH 9,197. The neural network autoregression is significantly worse in the validation period. Its RMSE is 24,66 versus ARIMA-GARCH 8,4. According to the RMSE value, we can notice that the ARIMA-GARCH method outperform the NNAR (4,1,20) [4] model for validation period and to forecast the direct economic losses of Earthquake in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The candidate certified reference materials for the determination of trace organochlorine pesticides in the water matrix have been developed by Metrology in Chemistry laboratory-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (MiC-LIPI). Lindane and dieldrin were selected as the target analytes in accordance with the requirement set in the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001 concerning Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control. The development of the candidate certified reference material was the initial study aimed to fulfill the need for matrix certified reference material in Indonesia to monitor the validity of results by testing laboratories as required in ISO/IEC 17025. This paper presents the preparation of the candidate certified reference materials, the homogeneity and stability assessments, and the comparison between the gravimetric values and the reference assigned values obtained from the gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (GC-IDMS) method. The reference assigned values and the associated expanded uncertainties (k=2) for lindane and dieldrin were 25.04 µg/kg±7.48 µg/kg and 12.82 µg/kg±4.71 µg/kg, respectively. The reference assigned values were smaller than the gravimetric values, both for lindane and dieldrin. This paper also presents the application of the candidate certified reference materials as test items in the proficiency testing scheme. Comparison between the reference assigned values and the consensus values from participants' results is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of private space actors marks the Space 4.0. era. The participation of private actors contributes to the economy, GDP, and technology advancements. Realizing this, States try to accommodate and nurture their space industry, including Indonesia. To do so, learning from State practices is important. New Zealand and Singapore are the perfect examples of new space-driven countries that managed to foster their national space industry rapidly. This paper compares and analyses how the three countries work to enhance their new space from the law and policy perspective and what lessons Indonesia can learn from the other two countries. It is concluded that the three countries have a fairly strong policy or regulatory base to develop space industry. However, Singapore and New Zealand are providing first-hand support like grants to keep space companies thriving. Direct involvement with business-related ministries such as economics or industry is also imperative to ensure the longevity of space projects or funding programs. Their space policies reflect these measures. To foster its national space industry, this paper recommends Indonesia to push its space policy to be more proactive, focused, and coordinated with the relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security, safety, and sustainability are concepts that have long been discussed in space governance issues to prevent any damage. However, the challenges of an increasingly congested and complicated space environment make the functional loss and even the space assets themselves bigger and need to be mitigated. The resilience approach was then developed by several countries in response to these challenges. Indonesia also faces the same challenge even though its space assets are still relatively few. Nevertheless, the application of the concept of resilience in its space activities has not yet been elaborated on in its own space policy as well as in the discourse of resilience policy in general. Therefore, this paper discusses the development of the concept of space resilience in the literature and reflects it into policies and practices in Indonesia. The study method used is desk research. In the end, this paper finds that the reinvigoration of Wawasan Nusatara concept as Indonesian geopolitics could be the focal point for introducing space resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper show our preliminary results on solar acitivty effect to the low-latitude Sq field. We analyzed one solar cycle of geomagnetic data observed at Biak station Indonesia during 1992-2004 to show the dependence of Sq field amplitude to solar activity. In this paper, the monthly sunspot number has been used to represent the solar activity. We found that the amplitude of Sq field following the trend of sunspot number. Also, we analyzed the seasonal variation of Sq field and found that the amplitude of Sq field during equinoxes are larger than solstices. This results show that low latitude Sq field are influenced by the solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian construction industry has a very low rate of women involvement. Previous studies have investigated the barriers and challenges of women participation in this industry including gender discrimination, harassments, inflexible working hours and limited opportunities for women. Despite a range of efforts and initiatives to increase the involvement of women, this industry remains a male dominated sector in Indonesia. This paper aims to quantitatively identify the key barriers to female students' career choice in the Indonesian construction industry. It employs a comprehensive literature review, followed by a questionnaire survey distribution. A total of 89 valid responses was obtained and analysed using RII and Factor Analysis. The analysis found that lack of confidence is the top barrier followed by safety issues and inequality in the recruitment process. In addition, this study has also established five clusters of barriers to female students' career choice, namely: male dominance, working environment, stereotyping, nature of the jobs, and gender discrimination. This paper provides a crucial study on career choice by minorities in the construction industry and thus, is an important step to recognize diversity and equality efforts in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia uses the amalgamated mercury process. Most of the respondents from ASGM experienced mercury poisoning. An alternative non-mercury gold processing is cyanidation. In this work, an actual practice cyanidation process of local artisanal gold processing in Wonogiri, Indonesia, was studied. The paper presents the practices of local artisanal gold processing using the cyanide process, their weaknesses in the process, and ways to diminish the problem. The paper also highlighted the self-designed in a continuous mode leaching adsorption pilot plant. Preliminary results showed that leaching in the pilot plant leaching-adsorption process produced better gold content than the ASGM process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal Injection Molding (MIM) is a unique manufacturing technique to fabricate mass production of metal parts with complex designs and hard-to-machined material with a wide variety of materials. MIM technology was applied to fabricate an extensive scope of products from a relatively simple utilization such as consumer products, automotive, to advanced utilization or product such as medical, electronics, military, and aerospace applications. The type of growth product in a certain region depends on the type of main industry. MIM technology is also well known as green manufacturing technology since it is relatively less energy, emission, and waste in the manufacturing process than forging and machining. This technology constantly grows to answer more advanced requirements of the product. In this paper, the development of MIM technology is not only reviewed globally but also regionally, particularly in Indonesia. MIM technology has a great prospect for growth in Indonesia because of the availability of raw material resources and the growth of manufacturing industry capability. Further research and innovation are needed to optimize the potential use of local resources and to boost the competence of the manufacturing industry. This paper should complement the published review of the development of MIM technology, mainly the development and prospect of MIM technology in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging of Electric Vehicles (EV) industry amidst Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) automotive industry has arisen a critical challenge on human resources development. The major shift of automotive component is happening and need a new labor skill for emerging EV automotive industry as well as transitioning ICE automotive industry. Hence, it is essential to delve the impact of labor amidst on going ICE to EV transition on automotive industry in Indonesia. The qualitative method through desk review approach was adopted for the paper work. There are two study objectives for this paper: (1) Current condition of Indonesia EV ecosystem and (2) Pathway of human resources development reflecting the current condition on Indonesia EV ecosystem. It is found that Indonesia EV ecosystem is on the right track based on its policy & regulation and industrial perspective. However, in terms of market response and human resource readiness, the evaluation is still needed. Lack of knowledge and information about EV technology hinder the progress. Therefore, the pathway of human resources development on Indonesia EV ecosystem is proposed on this paper. The pathway provides the mitigation map on upskilling and reskilling for labour in automotive industry in four work levels: engineer, manual technician, non-manual technician, and operator. The strong collaboration between stakeholders is needed to hasten the progress. Also, it is suggested that the blueprint and national roadmap for EV industry Indonesia are need to be formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The net zero emission commitment under Paris Agreement has fostered the clean energy transition agenda. ASEAN becomes the home of untapped renewable energy resources due to its geographic condition. However, the distribution of renewable energy is far from it has expected. It is not only limited extent due to the country spread, but also the high capital investment costs that caused sluggish progression. It is believed that the interconnection grid and integration energy market across region becomes a prominent key to broaden energy access and bolster the growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well. Hence, it is essential to study and analyze the scheme to foster the energy security across border through clean electricity that produced from renewable energy, particularly in ASEAN. The qualitative method through desk review approach was adopted for the paper work. There are two study objectives for this paper: (1) Renewable energy as export commodity in ASEAN which in line with ASEAN Power Grid (APG) agenda and (2) Indonesian future potential as renewable energy exporter. It is found that untapped renewable energy across ASEAN possibly meet the regional electricity demand through interconnected grid and electricity market integration. Such condition also supports the on-going APG project. Electricity trades are regulated through bilateral and multilateral agreement between countries with certain tariff. In this case, a comparison between Indonesia and Singapore about renewables export issue has been analyzed and studied. For attaining the status of renewable energy exporter in the future, it is suggested that Indonesia should deal with policy & regulation certainty (including its harmonization) and renewable energy infrastructure readiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As of March 2022, NuScale has published the 5th revision of all safety analysis reports that have been evaluated by the USNRC in the final safety evaluation report, which states that the NuScale design has met all safety requirements. With this development, NuScale will likely to be the first small modular reactor to receive a design certificate from the USNRC. Meanwhile, a study has explored the prospect of developing NuScale technology in Indonesia, which applies the regulatory system based on large-power light water reactors as also a common practice in many countries. Thus, the problem raised by this paper was how NuScale implemented graded approach to meet all the regulatory requirements? This question is very important considering the possibility of NuScle technology deployement in Indonesia and the fact that international standards for applying a graded approach to a nuclear power plant are not yet available. Hence, This paper aims to examine the application of the graded approach to NuScale technology. The method applied in this study was descriptive, analytical, and qualitative, utilized secondary data from credible international references, and carried out in four steps. The study started with the identification of relevant references and then selected one of them as the main reference while the other can be used for comparison. The level of coverage completeness and detail of instruction were used as the selection criteria of the identified documents The selected main reference was then studied to identify graded approach fields of application. Finally, the study also assesses how NuScale has implemented graded approach in those fields. This study concluded that NEI 18-04 document, as the selected main reference, is a comprehensive and detailed guide, and thus can be used as a reference to implement the graded approach in the three application fields, i.e.: selection of licensing basis events; classification of structures, systems and components; and evaluation of the adequacy of defense-in-depth. Furthermore, NuScale in their licensing document has demonstrated graded approach in the three fields of application with a method that is comparable to those described in the NEI 18-04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bonn Call for Action in 2012 is a joint statement of IAEA and WHO, which intended to foster global coordinated work to address issues arising in radiation protection in medical practices. The statement has been delivering a great impact on the organ dose assessment in practice in Indonesia. One of the statements has encouraged the establishment of organ dose assessment in nuclear medicine therapy that needs to be more developed. In Indonesia, the organ dose statement has been intensively promoted since 2013, when the organ dose assessment for the diagnostic procedure has been initiated, and continued with the radionuclide therapy procedures in 2014 and so on. This paper aimed for reviewing the works that have been done in organ dose assessment for nuclear medicine practices in Indonesia as the impact of the Bonn Call for Actions 2012, and the following stages which need to be performed. To evaluate the works, several published papers related to organ dose assessment have been reviewed and the analysis has been carried out. The result shows that for research purposes, organ dose assessment has been implemented. However, organ dose assessment is a part of optimization for the radiation protection of patients. It would be better if the research on organ dose for the patient in nuclear medicine will be more enhanced in clinical practice, especially when the new radiopharmaceutical will be administered to the patients either in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceutical Industry has been crucial for national health and is one of the most growing industries in Indonesia. However, many problems occurred in this field, especially in drugs distribution routing. This paper conducts a study of drugs distribution routing comparison at one of the largest drug distributor company in Indonesia and has objective to get the best feasible solution for the company’s decision basis of choosing daily distribution routing algorithm. The authors reach the objective by creating two-time scenarios (morning and afternoon) using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to compare three algorithms using a heuristic approach: Sweeping, Nearest Neighbors, and Clark-Wright algorithms. This paper provides a novelty approach in drugs distribution routing problem by combining DES and heuristic approach to compare the VRP algorithm and develop the model using simulation software as a support decision. Based on the results from the model that the authors made, the authors obtained the best alternative as the result of algorithm comparison and discussed it with the expertise to find a robust solution before implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the innovations which has a major impact on education in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 is virtual laboratory. Virtual lab accommodates practical education with all limitations that exist, like tools and materials of practical equipment in schools which isn’t in line with the current technology. Although virtual laboratories have been realized as a supporting tool in learning process, their applications in vocational education have not been extensively explored yet. With the learning characteristics of the vocational which are a fairly large proportion of practical compared to theoretical activities. This paper reviews the latest developments of virtual labs to gain insight into the various virtual laboratories that may relevant to vocational education. This study used a systematic literature review of selected research papers based on relevant keywords of the virtual lab in vocational education. Insights from the papers reviewed subsequently were developed to elaborate on the use of a virtual lab to be applied in vocational education. Practical learning in vocational education with a virtual lab becomes more flexible without limited space and time. In terms of financing, the development of a virtual lab doesn't require a large amount of investment if compared with actual laboratory development. For a long period of implementation, there must be added a basic learning process before used, the user has to get experience-based learning first that emphasizes the role of active experience and student involvement. The virtual lab can be applied to practical learning in vocational education, for example in the field of mechanical engineering it can be applied in learning to maintain fuel systems on the engine, with characteristics in the form of procedural steps. The virtual lab can be applied to facilitate students in the learning process so the learning efficiency can increase significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the industrial revolution 4.0 have succeeded in changing the process of people's social life from being based on human labor to technology centered on automation. These changes occur in all sectors of life, including economic, social, and legal. In this case, the legal and economic sectors have a fairly close relationship. Thus, changes to the two sectors will influence and depend on each other. One example is patents, where high patent ownership will affect national income and economic growth of a country. Indonesia continues to optimize applications for patent registration, such as the implementation of e-filling or online registration since 2019 with the aim of making patent application facilities accessible to all regions of the archipelago. This paper will discuss the state' s efforts in optimizing technology for the patent registration program in Indonesia. The legal research method used is normative legal research through a statutory or statutory approach. In addition, this paper uses secondary legal data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food waste is a severe problem in Indonesia. Based on data from the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition, Indonesia ranks second in food waste per person each year. The FAO data also shows that there are 13 million metric tons of food wasted, equal to the consumption of 11% of Indonesia's population (around 28 million people) each year. One factor in food waste is the food consumer's misinformation of the expired date. Not all food items have a "Best-Before Date," especially for meat sold in traditional markets and some supermarkets. Even if it exists, it could be less accurate because it only follows the Standard Operational Procedure of the supermarket, which is food must be sold within three days. Therefore, our research aims to design a device that can detect meat expiration time using IoT (Internet of Things). This device will be developed using gas sensor MQ137 for detecting the level of NH3 released by meat. Detection results from the sensor will be sent via the internet to Firebase. The data will be processed using polynomial regression to produce a prediction of chicken meat's expiration time. Lastly, prediction time can be easily accessed through an Android application. In this paper, we present our initial works to develop the IoT device for predicting the expiration time of the meat. The paper presents the design and performance evaluation of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth metals are elements (REE) of lanthanides metal which are mostly made use in industrial and medical fields. Smelting process of tin or zircon will produce TENORM (Technologically enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) materials, such as monazite, zircon, and ilmenite. The TENORM minerals will contain rare earth metals. There are many smelting industries of tin or zircon in Indonesia. Therefore, they show a high potency of rare earth metals in this country. BAPETEN Chairman's Regulation (BCR) No. 16 Year 2013 (BCR No. 16/2013) [1], concerning Radiation Safety of Storage of TENORM, allows TENORM producers to take out the metal or non-metal minerals in the TENORM materials after they get a technical recommendation from BAPETEN. This paper aims to provide a consideration concerning the criterion to gain a technical recommendation. This paper organized and reviewed BCR No. 16/2013 and compared it to the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) safety standard. Rare earth minerals are always present together with other elements, including radionuclides from U or Th series. REE minerals from Bangka Island contain monazite and xenotime, radioactive elements like Th which detected at 6–7 % in monazite and less than 2 % in xenotime, respectively. While safety report series of IAEA states that content of rare earth ore consists of 5–6 % REEs and 0.04 % Th oxide (or 4.7 % REEs and 0.035 % Th). The TENORM material utilization as regulated on BCR 16/2013 is the same with conditional clearance terminology for radioactive materials. Trivial dose approach that is a conditional clearance can be considered as a technical recommendation criterion. This is because it does not need radiation protection pre-requisites after getting the technical recommendation. The upper level of trivial individual effective dose is equivalent to 100 µSv per year. The dose assessment should consider the exposure pathways to the non-radiation workers (public), specifically those who get involved in external and internal exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palm oil is an important commodity for Indonesia. Therefore, oil palm cultivation is a supporter of the success of oil palm commodities in producing products. The harvesting process is an activity that must be considered because it affects the production and quality of oil palm fresh fruit bunches. For this reason, the sorting of oil palm fresh fruit bunches is very important. This paper tries to classify the maturity level of oil palm fresh fruit bunches through image management using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) algorithm. LDA algorithm is an approach used to classify data into several classes. The steps taken in this paper are starting with the transformation of the color space from RGB images to L*a*b images, then image segmentation with thresholding and feature extraction with HSV. Image transformation to HSV aims to make it easier to classify image characteristics based on hue and saturation. Furthermore, the LDA algorithm will perform a dispersion matrix analysis in order to obtain optimal projections to enter into spaces to look for patterns that can be separated. This paper finds that the classification of oil palm fresh fruit bunches image processing using the LDA algorithm produces an accuracy rate of 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching is an axiomatic activity for a lecturer. The teaching strategies are prepared before the teaching start. It might be a semester before, or even a year before the teaching activity. This will be challenging for EFL lecturer who teach in a vocational higher education that prepares the students with full skills to work in the field (having a real-world skill). Today, a challenge disrupting well-planned teaching strategies is the sudden Corona Virus or Covid-19 pandemic. This virus forces the world activities online to keep distance and stop the spread of the virus, including Indonesia. Luckily, the application of strategies is quite flexible, the lecturer could change it and adjust to the current changing situation [1]. Also, the lecturer usually has a backup plan or plan B to prepare for the unexpected challenges that emerge suddenly in the process of teaching and learning. Thus, this paper attempted to find interesting strategies that lecturers choose to achieve the goals of the vocational higher education, in some classes with field-skill practice goals in a vocational higher education. Specifically, this paper attempted in the English Department, Politeknik Negeri Padang, during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current climate change is the impact of natural damage caused by human greed, resulting in natural disasters in various regions in Indonesia. Indonesia is a country that is given enormous natural potential by God, which requires humanity to always maintain the potential that God has given. In planting the love of nature to children, of course, the role of the family is needed which is the first education for children in making a generation that loves the environment. In addition, the role of the community is also needed in supporting the process of forming environmental ethics so that the formation of a generation that loves the environment runs optimally. This paper aims to look at the role of families and communities in instilling environmental education in the modern era and also to improve the quality and role of families and communities in dealing with climate change. The writing method uses a literature research study with descriptive analysis. The conclusion of this paper is that environmental education which has been built on families and society is the main foundation in building character and environmental ethics in present and future generations. Planting the character of love and care for the environment can be done with the following strategies: Moral Knowing, Moral Acting, Moral Loving and Feeling, Moral Modeling and Repentance. The role of family and society in shaping environmental education in the modern era includes cognitive, affective and psychomotor including: 1). Provide knowledge and understanding; 2). Cultivate and increase awareness: 3). Shaping behavior: 4). Equip with skills: and 5). Participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic load has rapidly risen and this trend continuously grow due to increase demand in freight transports. Heavy vehicles (e.g., articulated trucks) have become prevalent in Indonesia for transporting domestic road freights. Ageing road infastructures (e.g., bridges) subject to increasing demand from heavy traffic load could considerably affect the existing road infrastructures may fail to satisfy specified structural requirements. Further, dynamic effects and excessive deformation induced by heavy traffic load may cause an accelerated rate of bridge structural deterioration and finally resulting in the reduced bridge residual service life. Consequently, many of these bridges are required major improvement, even reconstruction of bridge structures decisions in the future. As such there is a need to monitor bridge structures over time to ensure that they have the sufficient capacity to resist the intended design loads. This paper presents and discusses a real-time structural monitoring of bridge which can be used for assessing bridge structural health by measuring its dynamic response (e.g., frequency) using accelerometer-based sensors. The methodology for transformation of the measured accelerations to relative displacements and natural frequency was also described. The existing condition of a highway bridge located in Aceh Indonesia has been investigated using accelerometer sensor to estimate the bridge dynamic responses. The results of study show that vibration measurement using accelerometer sensor can capture the bridge dynamic responses which contribute to further assessment of possible failures of the structure and ultimately the prediction of service life of bridgesand assessment of bridge structures require an innovative technique which could potentially be used for rapid damage identification and provide reliable information. This paper presents a review on bridge dynamic monitoring using accelerometer and microwave radar interferometry (IBIS-S) for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of bridges. In particular, this study reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the measurement used in the recent studies. This review could provide preliminary information for researchers in the selection of the appropriate approaches related to the bridge dynamic monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal and child health are part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Globally, the world is pushing to reduce maternal mortality to below 70 per 100,000 live births and to reduce infant and under-five years old children mortality rate to 12 per 1000 live births by 2030. However, maternal and child mortality rates in Indonesia remain quite high. Indonesia National Survey data show maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still quite high at 305 per 100,000 population and the child mortality rate is 24 per 1,000 live births. In order to reduce maternal and child mortality rate, Indonesian government implements various policy interventions including by pushing local governments to create policy innovation in maternal and child health. SANPIISAN (Love and Care for Mothers and Children) is an initiative from Health Office of Kota Semarang to create an integrated system to carry out preventive measures to reduce maternal and child mortality rate in Kota Semarang. Given the success of SANPIISAN, this paper examines the mechanisms that sustain the innovation. In order to answer the question, the paper utilizes diffusion of innovation theory to analyse the diffusion and momentum processes of ideas within a specific social system. Methodology of the research is qualitative research and data are derived from interviews with main policy actors in SANPIISAN program (N=10). We argue that the success of SANPIISAN is supported by strong network among innovation adopters. The research contributes to the growing discussion in local policy innovation to support the achievement of SDGs. We conclude that SANPIISAN has proven to be one of the strategic and effective efforts that has significant leverage for the prevention of maternal and child mortality rates in Kota Semarang. Moreover, the program has been acknowledged as one of good practices in local government initiatives to reduce maternal and child mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since study from home policy was introduced as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, academic activities in Indonesia have transformed into electronic learning. However, there is a limited study examining the factors confirming the application of electronic learning by the lecturer during the COVID-19 crisis. To fill the research gaps, this paper scrutinizes the factors that confirmed electronic learning in a time of COVID-19 pandemic using the unified theory of adoption and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Specifically, we inspect confirmatory factor analysis of five dimensions of UTAUT, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and adoption of electronic learning. The research performed a survey method using an online questionnaire. Data in this study were collected from a permanent lecturer in Universitas Andalas, Indonesia. Data were processed using structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 330 respondents participated in this survey. Our findings show that all constructs and items of electronic learning adoption are valid and reliable. From the results, the current study contributes theoretically and practically further elaborated in the light of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of integrated waste management is an important factor to support target of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) to be an educopolis campus. Therefore, study of waste generation and characterization are needed as basis data for selecting technology, designing the waste treatment capacity, and appropriate strategies approach. Valid data also will keep the system running in sustained conditions in the future. The research is a survey research, which focus in capturing the daily activities and amount of waste in temporary disposal (Transfer Depo) in UGM. Transfer Depo shows the amount of the waste from the collection point of bins from UGM. Pre-study was conducted to determine measurement area and method. The results of pre-study were: the location has total number of 10 units in UGM area; calculation and characterization measurement are using a census; wastes are categorized to four types (Organic, Plastic, Paper, and Other Waste). Calculation and characterization referred to amount of the waste and to composition of the waste. Standard of waste calculation employed was an SNI 19-3964-1994 method. Quantitative and qualitative description analysis were performed for data analysis. The study results show that the order of the amount of waste from the largest one is Biology Transfer Depo, Transfer Depo Gedung Pusat and Transfer Depo Teknik. The average of the waste generation in UGM is 2895 kg/day. The composition of Organic, Paper, Plastic, and Other Waste are 67, 8, 7, and 18%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study objective is to produce flipbook on integral topic for 11th grade student that are valid and practical. Based on this paper, hopefully teacher can know how to develop flipbook especially in integral topic. The type of the research is design research with development model used is Plomp model that consisting of two phases: (1) preliminary research, (2) prototyping phase. The subjects of this study were 11th grade students at Sekolah Menengah Atas Pembangunan Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang. The research instruments were interview guides, observation sheets, validity sheets, student practicality sheets, and teacher practicality sheets. This research has produced a very valid and very practical flipbook. Teachers and students gave a good response to this flipbook because it helps them in the learning process. Students said that learning to use flipbooks was more interesting and very useful in today's learning situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian government has taken several policies to break the chain of transmission of the COVID-19 virus infection since the spread of this virus variant was first discovered in March 2020 in Indonesia. One of them is to require everyone to get vaccinated. This national vaccination program has been started since early January 2021 until now and expected to be one of the solutions to control the spread of coronavirus in Indonesia. This paper presents robust k-means to show the cluster of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia after the implementation of the vaccine policy for Indonesian citizens. The k-means algorithm is an unsupervised machine learning method. This method is well known in clustering. This is a partition clustering algorithm which is widely used in practice but in general, this method is sensitive to the presence of outliers. The variables considered in this study are the number of deaths, the number of recovered patients and the number of patients. Experimental comparisons are made with the basic k-means and robust k-means algorithm. It seems that for data on May, 2021, the cluster with k=3 in the robust case will provide closer risk levels of the provinces in Indonesia with their risk in reality, namely provinces with high, mid and low-level risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review found that only a few studies in Indonesia have been applied to modeling peatlands fire occurrences. In our previous studies, various machine learning classification approaches are applied to predict forest fire occurrence in the peatlands area. Our previous empirical study found that the datasets of fire hotspot areas, especially for data from the South Kalimantan area, need to be more balanced. In this paper, we consider ADAptive SYNthetic (ADASYN) method for the sampling approach to balance the datasets. We found that by balancing the data, the performance of the classification method can improve about 2-4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the biggest challenge faced by researchers, especially in public health system. Since the virus spread and mutates quickly, strategies are needed so that the public health system doesn't collapse due to overcapacity. Modeling and forecasting accurately the COVID-19 daily new cases is very important to understand and help carry out risk management for the outbreak control. To obtain the estimation of the Indonesian daily cases of COVID-19 based on daily confirmed cases, we present a comparative study between three deep learning methods in this paper: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). The data used is daily confirmed cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021. The result is Conv-LSTM model produces better performance than other methods. Here we also provide 7 day out-of-sample forecast for daily cases from September 1st to September 7th, 2021 using each model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines our efforts in foresight technology, utilizing the TASDA framework, with a specific focus on the utilization of scenario planning. Scenario planning is a valuable tool for aiding management in comprehending potential future scenarios and making well-informed decisions. In this context, we are applying it to the development of research topics concerning Indonesia's maritime industry. This research aims to enhance stakeholders' understanding of issues related to the growth of maritime research topics in Indonesia, encompassing aspects such as tourism, oceanography, fisheries, infrastructure, energy, and mineral resources. Moreover, the study investigates changes in the strategic environment, including socio-political and economic factors that influence the progression of maritime research in Indonesia. We employ scenario planning analysis to chart the strategic environment and its ramifications on maritime research topics in Indonesia. This includes an examination of both global and national trends. We formulate driving and uncertainty factors within the framework of scenario planning analysis, which are then crafted into strategic environmental scenarios. The outcome of this scenario planning exercise yields four distinct scenarios. This methodology is well-suited for establishing the trajectory of national development aimed at constructing a research-driven maritime industry by 2045. However, achieving these objectives necessitates substantial advancements in science and technology, as delineated in current national policies, rather than adhering to conventional, business-as-usual approaches. To further refine the roadmap for the national maritime research industry, strategic planning and technology road mapping become imperative to optimize progress towards technological confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the studies of peatlands fire occurrences in Indonesia are less studied before. In our previous study, the prediction of the peatlands fire occurrence was modeled using various machine learning classification approaches. It is found that using South Kalimantan Province data, in the empirical study we previously found that the datasets are unbalanced, i.e., the occurrence and the nonoccurrence of fire hotspots areas. In the study presented in this paper, to improve the classification performance, we consider Adaptive Neighbor Synthetic Majority Oversampling Technique (ANS-SMOTE) approach to balance the data. Using the considered empirical data, we found that this method did not always gives improvement in the classification results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, most coal mining systems are carried out using the open pit mining method. This method is considered cheaper and easier to apply in the field but has an impact on the creation of ex-coal mining pits (void). Recent regulation states that every mining company is obliged to carry out reclamation including environment management efforts for mining pits. However, not all mining business actors have complied with this effort, especially companies that do not have official permits. This ex-coal mining pit existence in the new capital city of Indonesia (IKN) delineation area become a crucial issue to be managed appropriately and wisely. The IKN Nusantara is the future capital city of Indonesia designed as a smart forest city, where 75% of the total area is maintained as a green space. This paper describes the management effort than can be carried out in ex-coal mining pit (void) within new capital city (IKN) Nusantara. All of the environmental management efforts for ex-coal mining pit (void) need to be aligned with detailed urban spatial plans in the future. There are several alternative efforts to utilize void that can be carried out, for example, as a source of clean water and raw materials, tourist destinations, sports areas, wildlife wetland habitats that are connected to the surrounding forest, landfills, agricultural reservoirs, and also water sources for forest fire mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic requires professional teachers to use digital technology, but some students experience obstacles in technology so that it has an impact on their low critical thinking abilities. This paper aims to analyze mathematical critical thinking abilities between students who carry out learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo and conventionally assisted by WhatsApp based on prior knowledge of mathematics. The research method used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was selected through a homogeneity test from 4 parallel classes of one junior high school in Bandung Indonesia, two classes were selected, namely class VIII A as the experimental class and VIII D as the control class. The instrument uses an initial mathematical ability test and critical thinking abilities. Data analysis uses: Two-way ANOVA test. Findings: There is a difference in the improvement of mathematical critical thinking abilities between experimental class and control class students. There are differences in the achievement of mathematical critical thinking abilities based on prior knowledge of mathematics in the smart, medium and weak categories. Learning models eliciting activities assisted by Edmodo can facilitate the process of construction, interaction and reflection so as to improve students' critical thinking abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various limitation on the direct use of essential oil has stimulate encapsulation technology studies in the recent year. The study aimed to analyze the scope of essential oil encapsulation through a bibliometric analysis. This paper used Scopus database to collecting data about the subjects. VOSviewer was used for network visualization and map constructing. Started from 1988, a total of 1336 publications were collected for analysis. Over the last ten years, the number of articles published has increased significantly. Iran, China, and Brazil are most productive countries, while Indonesia published 26 articles in this topics. Based on VOSviewer visualization, the most influential topics are related to essential oil encapsulation method. However, overlay map showed new emerged author keywords related to the application of essential oil encapsulation for food packaging and microemulsion novel technique by pickering emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the growth of MOOCs documents Worldwide and in Indonesia. This research method adopts the five-stage method: determine search keyword, initial research, refinement of search results, compile preliminary data statistic and data analysis. The initial search results using the MOOCs keyword getting 5,729 documents from scopus databased spread throughout the world, while the MOOCs keyword is limited in Indonesia only getting 56 documents, the data is specified based on the type of journal article document and obtained 2000 documents spread throughout the world and 27 documents in Indonesia, then journal article data was analyzed to determine the growth of MOOCs research every year, countries with the most MOOCs research, publishers who published the most MOOCs research and articles with the highest citations, then the data was also visualized into VOSViewer to analyze the keywords used, namely the keywords that were most frequently used, newly researched keywords, keyword cluster division and who are the prolific authors who write MOOC topics. From the results of this study it can be concluded that most of the MOOCs research is in the United States, while Indonesia occupies the 24th position out of 104 countries Worldwide, this shows that research on MOOCs in Indonesia is still very small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims for the Indonesian government to pass the Omnibus Law which contained various kinds of legislation. Including the environment which is also regulated in the Omnibus Law. On the one hand, this regulation provides hope for Indonesia's economic growth. However, on the other hand, this regulation has the potential to damage the environment and is not in line with the Indonesian Government's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which in it weakens instruments for environmental protection and management. The weakening of environmental instruments has the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions through high carbon activities and investment in fossil energy. Therefore, this paper will critically analyze how the weakening of environmental instruments in the Omnibus Law and the Revision of the Mining Law hampers the fulfillment of Indonesia's greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in the era of restoring national economic stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the national industry towards a better industry has a qualitative descriptive category using primary data to analyze the development of industrial waste treatment in Indonesia. This paper discusses the development of the national industry on the results of research showing that to realize industrial processing, a strong foundation is needed, and the transformation of the Indonesian economy in the field of industrial waste treatment through the use of natural resources that provide added value, preparation of additional costs to replace the use of other materials. The industrial structure needed by Indonesia is an industry with strong links with various industrial factories that are more environmentally friendly to the action of minimizing waste in Indonesia and the world. The industrial waste can be in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Most of them have been processed before being disposed of. However, there are types of waste that are not managed properly, namely plastic waste that is not optimally processed. This can disrupt the environment, such as marine ecosystems. The reason people dispose of plastic waste directly is that the process of handling plastic waste is difficult and takes a long time. With such things, reduced costs in saving natural resources, and the substitution of more environmentally friendly production materials in industrial waste recycling to build a sustainable business and improve company performance when waste is no longer a problem, which can cause difficulties in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to determine the effect of industrial zones on road network performance. The research location is located in the North Malang industrial area which is in the center of Malang City, Indonesia. The first step is to study the existing conditions of industrial land use. The existing condition of the industrial area includes: type of industry, operational status and area of industrial companies. Furthermore, this study examines the characteristics of trips in the industrial area including trips of workers and goods of industrial companies. Analysis of road network performance using the CUBE tool. Evaluation of the influence of industrial areas on road performance is carried out by analyzing existing conditions and simulating conditions without industry. Based on the study of the existing characteristics of the industrial area, 43 industrial companies are still operating with the most influential type of industry is tobacco processing with a total building area of 21.65 Ha. The industrial zone accounts for 8594 worker and goods trips every day. 98% of industrial workers use motorcycles as a means of transportation. 55% of goods trips use light vehicles such as pick-ups / box cars and 40% use heavy vehicles. Based on the results of the analysis in conditions without industry, 7 road sections have a VCR>0.75 which indicates that the condition of the road traversed by industrial activities is in poor condition and requires handling. Various handling scenarios can be developed for further research including scenarios for relocating industrial areas involving ring roads and toll roads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global crisis brought on by COVID-19 is unparalleled. Tourism is one of the many industries that have been made public by the recent COVID-19 epidemic. Indonesia itself was affected by the impact that caused a decrease in both foreign and domestic tourists. Smart tourism through the metaverse concept is one of the proposed solutions to deal with this problem, considering that metaverse has been booming lately, so it can attract the attention of tourists who cannot come directly to the tourist attractions. This paper aims to provide new insights regarding how to improve the Indonesian economy through tourism, so people realize the importance of the metaverse in the future. Moreover, we believe that the future of this metaverse will be very bright because the advantages of technology used in the metaverse are very beneficial for users (Blockchain, Crypto, Non-Fungible Token). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the influence between the business environment and operating strategies on its operational performance. Alignment between the business environment and operating strategy helps to understand how operating capabilities is requiredto achieve goals, particularly its operational performance. In this paper, 96 respondents are the owner and manager of Indonesia's manufacturing industry. Path analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to investigate the relationship between variables. The hypothesis testing results show that the business environment has a positive and significant influence on operation strategy. In contrast, the operating strategy has a positive and significant impact on the company's operational performance. Moreover, the business environment has a negative and insignificant effect on the operational performance of the company. Finally, it is found that the business environment has a positive and significant impact on the company's operating performance through the operation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various sectors in Indonesia. One sector that has a significant impact is the tourism industry, especially amusement parks and theme parks. Not much can be expected to attract visitors during a pandemic with just a regular touring video, even though the amusement park maintenance must still exist. This paper aims to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based Dino Park application with Unity and the SCRUM development method. This AR application was created aiming to increase user interest and experience to come to this place, such as virtual touring with AR features, providing a tourist sensation with 3D visuals because it can be moved according to the user's wishes and it is as if they have a virtual guide with information in the form of audio contained in each dinosaur fossil. The results of this study are Based on the results of the user acceptance test, an average of 83% user satisfaction levels with details (85% stated that the application is interactive to use, 83% stated the display is very attractive, 81% of the Dino Park application is very useful for people in in the field of theme park tourism, and 84% state they were satisfied with this application compared to similar applications in terms of features and appearance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As well known, Padang is a city with a high risk for earthquake motion. Due to its functionality, Reinforced Concrete (RC) shophouse buildings are commonly constructed in this city. The strong 2009 West Sumatra earthquake resulted in several buildings being damaged, collapsing, including the RC shophouse buildings, and causing fatalities. Almost thirteen years after the earthquake, many of these types of buildings have been constructed. Unfortunately, based on field investigation and analytical studies using pushover analysis have shown that the seismic performance of the existing buildings has not enough to anticipate the damage to the structure caused by the future earthquake. Most of them fall to Damage Control (DC) and Life Safety (LS) levels, indicating that the structure of these RC buildings may damage during a strong earthquake. In this paper, a seismic safe typical structural components of shophouse construction is proposed following the current building code in Indonesia. Evaluating the seismic performance using the ATC-40 standard shows that the proposed these components RC structure is categorized to the Immediate Occupancy (IO) level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in smartphone users as well as sales in Indonesia coupled with the smartphone's short life cycle has raised serious concerns for sustainability. Circular economy has recently becomes one of the important studies which addresses the limitation of natural resources as well as the landfills. Refurbishment and direct reuse are part of circular economy approaches; however, the existence of new low-end smartphones has started to erode the customers' interest in the reuse smartphones. This paper studies the hierarchy of reuse options in smartphones selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to identify the decision hierarchy. The AHP results show that both worker and student-alumni groups prioritize their choice on new low-end smartphones. On the other hand, refurbished and secondhand smartphones are part of circular economy activities, where the life of the end-of-use smartphones are extended rather than discarded. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to improve customer behavior to support circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advancements in digital technology have resulted in a new industrial revolution phenomenon known as Industry 4.0. This revolution introduces modern technologies that enable the connectivity of all components within industries. This paper reviews the current status and progress in Indonesia heading to Industry 4.0. The Indonesia' government has been launched 'Making Indonesia 4.0's' roadmap in 2018 including the five priority industrial sectors namely food and beverages, chemicals, textile, automotive, and electronics and ten national priorities. Indonesia which is currently only in the stage of entering the industrial era 4.0 with few of challenges and opportunities by following the roadmap of "Making Indonesia 4.0". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education is very important because its roles in enhancing the human resources and public welfare quality in Indonesia. One of the methods to upgrade education system is a development of Freedom Curricula with project-based learning concept. Freedom Curricula is a new flexible curricula policy option in the part of Freedom to Learn Program which is initiated by Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology since 2021 to mitigate learning loss from COVID-19 pandemic. In Freedom Curricula, schools can develop their own curricula and course materials, depending on their own consideration. The Freedom Curricula can be implemented in several or all subjects in the school. This paper describes the conceptualization of a Freedom Curricula and its implementation plan in several industrial chemistry subjects (Industrial Chemical Processes, Chemical Engineering Operations, and Industrial Chemical Process Equipment) with project-based learning concept for vocational high school level. The designed Freedom Curricula consists of teaching syllabus, teaching module, laboratory practical module, and project-based learning module, and the implementation plan. The advantage of this Freedom Curricula implementation is the application of integrated learning, especially in practical learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is the largest energy source in the world. However, coal combustion is also the largest source of CO2 emission that is the main cause of global warming. Indonesia consumed 1 million terajoule of energy from coal in 2020. There are no energy sources that consumed more than coal except light petroleum products. Coal combustion to produce energy emitted SOX, NOX, COX, and fly ashes to the environment and also cause corrosion and clogging to industrial equipment. Sulfur content in the coal produces SOX, meanwhile mineral content becomes fly ashes. Therefore, sulfur and mineral content should be reduced before combustion. Chemical leaching is the way to demineralize and desulfurize coal. Numerous researchers have studied the process to produce ultra clean coal (UCC) that limited the mineral content and sulfur content to less than 1 wt.% so it can decrease the adverse effects when it is used as an energy resource in combustion. Various processes such as acid leaching, alkali leaching, peroxide leaching or even acid-alkali leaching have been studied by several researchers. These methods are considered high-cost in regards to the high price of chemicals despite their technical feasibility to produce UCC. Therefore, it is important to conduct economic analysis of the processes. This paper presents techno-economic analysis to compare several leaching processes in order to study their technical and economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or known as caustic soda is a type of caustic metallic base that is available in liquid or solid form. Many industries highly require caustic soda as the main raw material or supporting materials such as the paper and pulp industry, soap and detergent industry, oil and gas industry, alumina processing, etc. National demand for sodium hydroxide reaches 987 million tons in the last year. To encourage increased production of caustic soda to support the chemical industry in Indonesia, a techno-economic analysis is required for the production of caustic soda to fulfill the supply. Therefore, in this study, the design of the NaOH plant process will be studied according to the product specifications and its economic analysis. The design of the caustic soda plant process has been developed based on membrane technology with a capacity of 100000 tons of product per year using SNI industrial salt raw materials. The product specification from this plant is 50% NaOH solution and HClO solution as byproduct. With this capacity, the estimated investment for the caustic soda plant is around US$ 44.45 million and its operational cost is around US$ 67.93 million per year. Using the current price of raw materials and products, the net present value (NPV) is US$ 206.58 million, the internal rate of return (IRR) is 40.75%, and its payout time (POT) is 4 years and 7 months. Based on these parameters, the design of the developed caustic soda plant was technically and economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]