Seawater-mixed concrete in Indonesia and anti-corrosive materials: A review.

The escalation of world's population leads to water shortage particularly in developing countries. In order to save fresh water, seawater utilization in concrete production is considered as an alternative option which is really abundant. Furthermore, seawater is assumed easier to be accessed in coastal and marine region hence it can increase the development of coastal and marine infrastructure (CMI). Seawater utilization is normally prohibited in reinforced concrete due to high chloride ion concentration which can stimulate corrosion to embedded steel bar. However, some researchers reported that seawater has potential to be used as mixing water by proper handling and special treatment. This paper presents the literature-based study of the utilization of seawater in reinforced concrete production in Indonesia. The paper presents some electrochemical measurement techniques consist of half-cell potential, polarization resistance, and anodic polarization curve to estimate the corrosion probability in concrete structure. This paper also describes the application of anti-corrosive treatment such as adding mineral admixture, using high quality steel bar, and application of corrosion inhibitor substance. The finding of this study is that anti-corrosive agents have benefits to increase durability and to decrease corrosion behavior in seawater-mixed concrete. However, generally, the effect anti-corrosive agent in concrete focuses in short-term investigation only. In addition, the paper also contributes to knowledge related to seawater utilization in concrete structures with intention of alternative sustainable construction materials by providing a readily available reference for researchers, practitioners, and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]