Building national space industry: Lessons learned from New Zealand and Singapore.

The rise of private space actors marks the Space 4.0. era. The participation of private actors contributes to the economy, GDP, and technology advancements. Realizing this, States try to accommodate and nurture their space industry, including Indonesia. To do so, learning from State practices is important. New Zealand and Singapore are the perfect examples of new space-driven countries that managed to foster their national space industry rapidly. This paper compares and analyses how the three countries work to enhance their new space from the law and policy perspective and what lessons Indonesia can learn from the other two countries. It is concluded that the three countries have a fairly strong policy or regulatory base to develop space industry. However, Singapore and New Zealand are providing first-hand support like grants to keep space companies thriving. Direct involvement with business-related ministries such as economics or industry is also imperative to ensure the longevity of space projects or funding programs. Their space policies reflect these measures. To foster its national space industry, this paper recommends Indonesia to push its space policy to be more proactive, focused, and coordinated with the relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]