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A single crystal CVD diamond detector with graphitic wire electrodes running beneath the diamond surface has been fabricated. This detector design is novel in that there is no surface metallisation present within the active region, and so the detector is a uniquely transmissive X-ray beam diagnostic instrument. This detector is designed to simultaneously measure the position, profile, and flux of an incident beam. It has applications in beam position and profile monitoring, and active beam feedback and stabilisation. To achieve this, a short-pulse laser, focused to micron-sizes using adaptive optics, can be used to graphitise arbitrary wire paths within bulk diamond. Presented in this paper is a transmissive X-ray pixel detector design with a 50-micrometre pixel pitch created using this technique. This pixel detector is produced by fabricating two separate arrays of parallel wires running under the surface of a diamond plate. The two arrays run perpendicular to each other, and parallel to the diamond surface. They are separated within the material by a depth of 100 microns. The parallel wires within each array are separated by 50-microns, and this is what determines the pixel pitch. Each of the crossing points between two wires from each array acts as a pixel. The signal from each pixel may be read out by measuring the signal current from each wire in one array whilst applying a bias voltage alternately to each wire in the other, perpendicular array. Alternatively, it is proposed to modulate the bias applied to each wire at a different frequency, from which the 2-dimensional beam profile may also be measured using a lock-in technique. This paper will provide an overview of the fabrication techniques for this first prototype detector, and provide a discussion of signal readout methods that will be used. An outline of the planned experimental tests is given.A single crystal CVD diamond detector with graphitic wire electrodes running beneath the diamond surface has been fabricated. This detector design is novel in that there is no surface metallisation present within the active region, and so the detector is a uniquely transmissive X-ray beam diagnostic instrument. This detector is designed to simultaneously measure the position, profile, and flux of an incident beam. It has applications in beam position and profile monitoring, and active beam feedback and stabilisation. To achieve this, a short-pulse laser, focused to micron-sizes using adaptive optics, can be used to graphitise arbitrary wire paths within bulk diamond. Presented in this paper is a transmissive X-ray pixel detector design with a 50-micrometre pixel pitch created using this technique. This pixel detector is produced by fabricating two separate arrays of parallel wires running under the surface of a diamond plate. The two arrays run perpendicular to each other, and parallel to the diamond surf...

We proposed the design of a respiration system based on laser reflection for an infant incubator that is able to continuously operate. The device consists of a laser diode (λ=650 nm; P=5 mW), a paper reflector, photodiode array as a detector, comparator, microcontroller Arduino UNO R3, and LCD. Also, there is a buzzer for anticipating emergency situations such as apnea. It utilizes the reflection of laser light on paper reflector attached to an infant simulator. Next, the reflection will be received by photodiode array and comparator which connects to the Arduino UNO R3. Then, the result was displayed on an LCD. From the experiment results, it was indicated that the system could measure respiratory rate from 10 up to 70 breaths per minute with an error of 2.357%.

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) constitutes an important issue in the building sector. The growth of mold is one of the factors that contribute to this phenomenon. Excessive humidity of the indoor air and increasing moisture of building envelopes frequently lead to the appearance of mold. The substances emitted by the fungi include Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Detection of VOCs in the indoor air can be performed using a number of methods, such as chromatography or gas sensor arrays. The latter produce electric signals which then are subjected to analysis by means of statistical methods of interpretation. The presented paper describes the application of unsupervised statistical classifying model (fuzzy clustering) for the assessment of the signals generated by gas sensors array, used in the investigation of the indoor air from different types of buildings. A Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) sensors array was proposed for evaluating the mold threat in buildings. The sensor readouts pertaining to the air sampled from inside the buildings in varying degree of mold-contamination, compared with clean and synthetic air, were interpreted and presented.Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) constitutes an important issue in the building sector. The growth of mold is one of the factors that contribute to this phenomenon. Excessive humidity of the indoor air and increasing moisture of building envelopes frequently lead to the appearance of mold. The substances emitted by the fungi include Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Detection of VOCs in the indoor air can be performed using a number of methods, such as chromatography or gas sensor arrays. The latter produce electric signals which then are subjected to analysis by means of statistical methods of interpretation. The presented paper describes the application of unsupervised statistical classifying model (fuzzy clustering) for the assessment of the signals generated by gas sensors array, used in the investigation of the indoor air from different types of buildings. A Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) sensors array was proposed for evaluating the mold threat in buildings. The sensor readouts pertaining to the air s...

Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. Furthermore, it can also be used use as a gate switch. We proposed hybrid optical switch architecture (HOSA) for data center network in our recent work which is based on fast and slow optical switches. We considered micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) for slow optical switches and SOAs for fast optical switches. We considered network layer performance of HOSA in that work. In this paper, we focus on the evaluation of physical layer performance of optical switches. As MEMS technology is very much mature and it is widely used in the backbone optical network, so we focus only on the SOAs. This paper presents the characterization of SOAs to evaluate the performance in the physical layer. The main theme of this paper is to find out the best configuration of SOAs which can be considered to design an appropriate architecture of fast optical switch based on SOAs. We used VPITransmissionMaker simulation framework to evaluate the performance of SOAs. The results show that the combination of 10mA for bias and 200mA for amplitude is the best configuration of SOAs that can be considered to design a fast optical switch based on SOAs.

Fouling refers to the oozy substance accumulated on the surface. Fouling problems of plate heat exchangers are common and widely distributed in the field of energy and chemical industry. The accumulation of fouling deposition leads to many operational and safety problems of plate heat exchanger, such as increased flow resistance, decreased heat transfer performance, induced local corrosion under fouling layer and shortened heat exchanger operation life. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the daily operation monitoring and fouling cleaning for plate heat exchanger. This paper reviews the current research development of plate heat exchanger fouling problem at home and abroad, as well as the common techniques and methods for fouling inhibition and mitigation from the perspective of fouling inhibition. Besides, the current existing problems of fouling inhibition technology are also summarized. This review can provide a reference for the research on the development of plate heat exchanger fouling inhibition technology.Fouling refers to the oozy substance accumulated on the surface. Fouling problems of plate heat exchangers are common and widely distributed in the field of energy and chemical industry. The accumulation of fouling deposition leads to many operational and safety problems of plate heat exchanger, such as increased flow resistance, decreased heat transfer performance, induced local corrosion under fouling layer and shortened heat exchanger operation life. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the daily operation monitoring and fouling cleaning for plate heat exchanger. This paper reviews the current research development of plate heat exchanger fouling problem at home and abroad, as well as the common techniques and methods for fouling inhibition and mitigation from the perspective of fouling inhibition. Besides, the current existing problems of fouling inhibition technology are also summarized. This review can provide a reference for the research on the development of plate heat exchanger fouling inhibit...

The pension is one of the pillars of social protection, so preserving the financial stability of the pension funds is a challenge to the future. In this paper, we propose a dynamic optimization model for the pension fund management. Applying this dynamic model targets to improving current techniques used by pension funds in Morocco in management and reform. The simulation results via the interior point algorithm for our dynamic optimization model provides the determination of contribution rates, replacement rates and optimal reserves of the Moroccan pension fund.The pension is one of the pillars of social protection, so preserving the financial stability of the pension funds is a challenge to the future. In this paper, we propose a dynamic optimization model for the pension fund management. Applying this dynamic model targets to improving current techniques used by pension funds in Morocco in management and reform. The simulation results via the interior point algorithm for our dynamic optimization model provides the determination of contribution rates, replacement rates and optimal reserves of the Moroccan pension fund.

Acquiring efficient, economic and accurate methods for identifying the material properties of heterogeneous materials have been one of themajor objectives in the mechanical engineering community, thus, inverse methods may be considered as contributing to a very promising way of achieving the objective. This paper is concerned with an inverse method for identifying the material properties of a kenaf reinforced compositetest model. Aninitial finite element model of the composite test model is developed and normal modes analysis is carried out to calculate the modal parameters of the initial finite element model. The inverse method which is developed fromMSC Nastran SOL200 is used to update iteratively the material properties of the initial finite element model based on the comparison between the calculated modal parameters and those observed experimentally from experimental modal analysis (EMA). The objective is to acquire the most appropriate set of material properties that provide well match between the finite element model and the test model. It was found that the identified material properties are well matched with that of previous published papers in terms of the reduction in total errors, which are discussed in this paper.

The local mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites strongly depend on the local fiber orientation which is created during preforming. To date, investigations on fiber orientation effects focus on the analysis of the overall structure and on a qualitative description of local effects because it is still difficult to quantify local draping effects. This paper presents a tooling concept which allows influencing the preforming of the fabric and thus an approach to quantify local draping effects. Based on the optical inspection system Atos, the size of different draping effects are measured and classified for NCF-reinforced CFRP composites.The local mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composites strongly depend on the local fiber orientation which is created during preforming. To date, investigations on fiber orientation effects focus on the analysis of the overall structure and on a qualitative description of local effects because it is still difficult to quantify local draping effects. This paper presents a tooling concept which allows influencing the preforming of the fabric and thus an approach to quantify local draping effects. Based on the optical inspection system Atos, the size of different draping effects are measured and classified for NCF-reinforced CFRP composites.

The paper outlines energy management concepts using PV panels for a grid. The necessity of considering energy management as a crucial innovation in load supplying to permit a more powerful penetration of renewable energy usage with the help of solar energy at a building and metropolis level. It also significantly points out the energy savings by the consumer and helps in reduction of CO2 emissions in the process [1-2] The driving factors to enhance the current power distribution are presented, and the benefits concerning grids are underlined. In the paper, energy management analysis is assessed by taking into account all the electrical value and the demand-side management. [3] In the paper, the evaluations of ecological benefits are reported, and a cost benefit analysis of the energy management system is performed. The need of energy management in distribution systems is necessary because it helps us determine the exact energy consumed by the load as well as different sectors of the load. It also gives us perspective on how much energy is needed and the sources it can be obtained from. The study being done in this paper is at a residential society in Chennai, Tamil Nadu comprising 2 buildings of 40 flats each equipped with standard lights, fans, air conditioners and heaters.

The wheel profile of a rail vehicle is one of the key elements on which its ride dynamics depend. Even small changes in the wheel tread geometry resulting from its gradual wearing can significantly affect not only passenger comfort, but also result in a change in vehicle behavior when running on a straight track, and when running through a track curve, there is a significant change in the forces acting in the wheel-rail contact. The aim of the authors is to clarify the causes of wear by using simulation analysis of a vehicle ride and subsequent processing of the results in their own software, allowing to plot various parameters of the wheel-rail contact in relation to their location on the wheel profile. The value of the presented parameters is also interpreted in relation to the radius of the curve of the track where they occurred. The paper describes software designed by the authors as a tool for research of causes of wear, presents used algorithms and mathematical-analytical apparatus.The wheel profile of a rail vehicle is one of the key elements on which its ride dynamics depend. Even small changes in the wheel tread geometry resulting from its gradual wearing can significantly affect not only passenger comfort, but also result in a change in vehicle behavior when running on a straight track, and when running through a track curve, there is a significant change in the forces acting in the wheel-rail contact. The aim of the authors is to clarify the causes of wear by using simulation analysis of a vehicle ride and subsequent processing of the results in their own software, allowing to plot various parameters of the wheel-rail contact in relation to their location on the wheel profile. The value of the presented parameters is also interpreted in relation to the radius of the curve of the track where they occurred. The paper describes software designed by the authors as a tool for research of causes of wear, presents used algorithms and mathematical-analytical apparatus.

Dynamic analysis of circular vertical ground supported liquid storage tank is one of the complicated problem in the earthquake engineering. The paper deals with the dynamic analysis of fluid effect on the circular tank with considering of constant wall height and constant fluid filling height by variable tank width. The analytical model of the tank with liquid used in Eurocode 8 was used for parametric study.Dynamic analysis of circular vertical ground supported liquid storage tank is one of the complicated problem in the earthquake engineering. The paper deals with the dynamic analysis of fluid effect on the circular tank with considering of constant wall height and constant fluid filling height by variable tank width. The analytical model of the tank with liquid used in Eurocode 8 was used for parametric study.

BATAN was proposing to design an experimental power reactor (RDE) that designed based on the technology of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor. A carbon dust was found as particle impurities in a helium gas which use as a primary cooling system of the reactor. The carbon dust had a substantial effect on the safety operation of the RDE, thus a helium purification system (HPS) was needed to purify the helium to ensure the performance and safety of the reactor. The intake pipe of the HPS was proposed to be located at the bottom of the steam generator. In this paper, the effect of the helium purification system intake pipe of the experimental power reactor on the pressure drop of steam generator was evaluated with computational fluid dynamics method. The pressure drops in the steam generator with and without HPS intake pipe was compared. Also, a boundary condition of targeted mass flowrate was applied to check the pressure drop needed for the targeted mass flowrate. The pressure drop required for the HPS intake pipe to get 5% of the cooling gas mass flow rate is 7.73 kPa.BATAN was proposing to design an experimental power reactor (RDE) that designed based on the technology of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor. A carbon dust was found as particle impurities in a helium gas which use as a primary cooling system of the reactor. The carbon dust had a substantial effect on the safety operation of the RDE, thus a helium purification system (HPS) was needed to purify the helium to ensure the performance and safety of the reactor. The intake pipe of the HPS was proposed to be located at the bottom of the steam generator. In this paper, the effect of the helium purification system intake pipe of the experimental power reactor on the pressure drop of steam generator was evaluated with computational fluid dynamics method. The pressure drops in the steam generator with and without HPS intake pipe was compared. Also, a boundary condition of targeted mass flowrate was applied to check the pressure drop needed for the targeted mass flowrate. The pressure drop required for the HPS inta...

In any engineering analysis or investigation, a complex system is first visualized as a physical model. Then the mathematical model of the same is developed, and then the further analysis is carried out. By this we get good knowledge of the behavior of the system at lesser costs. This paper presents a similar technique adopted for the study of vibration characteristics of SMA Hybrid Composite Beam (SHCB) with one end fixed. Free vibration study is undertaken on a SHCB which is constructed by reinforcing SMA wires in a matrix of epoxy resin along with glass fibers. Homogenization for the determination of effective properties of the composite is carried out based on rule of mixtures. Analytical calculations are done to estimate the static deflections and free vibration frequencies of the SHCB. Static FEA and free vibration analysis are conducted using ANSYS workbench. FEA results are substantiated with the theoretical values.In any engineering analysis or investigation, a complex system is first visualized as a physical model. Then the mathematical model of the same is developed, and then the further analysis is carried out. By this we get good knowledge of the behavior of the system at lesser costs. This paper presents a similar technique adopted for the study of vibration characteristics of SMA Hybrid Composite Beam (SHCB) with one end fixed. Free vibration study is undertaken on a SHCB which is constructed by reinforcing SMA wires in a matrix of epoxy resin along with glass fibers. Homogenization for the determination of effective properties of the composite is carried out based on rule of mixtures. Analytical calculations are done to estimate the static deflections and free vibration frequencies of the SHCB. Static FEA and free vibration analysis are conducted using ANSYS workbench. FEA results are substantiated with the theoretical values.

The paper aims to numerically reflect mineral-asphalt mixture structure by a standard FEM software. Laboratory test results are presented due to bending tests of circular notched elements. The result scatter is relatively high. An attempt was made to form a random aggregate distribution in order to obtain various results corresponding to laboratory tests. The material structure calibration, its homogenization and finite element dimensioning are the issues decisive for the objective mixture description. The representative volume element (RVE) is investigated here, while it does not precisely reflect the material structure it displays relevant global material parameters. The simulation procedure applied here makes it possible to introduce the name of Monte Carlo simulation-based constitutive model.The paper aims to numerically reflect mineral-asphalt mixture structure by a standard FEM software. Laboratory test results are presented due to bending tests of circular notched elements. The result scatter is relatively high. An attempt was made to form a random aggregate distribution in order to obtain various results corresponding to laboratory tests. The material structure calibration, its homogenization and finite element dimensioning are the issues decisive for the objective mixture description. The representative volume element (RVE) is investigated here, while it does not precisely reflect the material structure it displays relevant global material parameters. The simulation procedure applied here makes it possible to introduce the name of Monte Carlo simulation-based constitutive model.

Migration presents challenges and opportunities for both origin and destination communities. It should be emphasized that much of the migration discourse has only focused on the origin more than the destination. Hence, the dramatic changes in the flow of migrants across international borders, as well as accelerating internal movements of rural migrants in the direction of the cities are practically reshaping our world. It is a truism that agriculture and human advancement are keys to addressing the fundamental causes of migration. According to (FAO, 2018), over half of the populace in the least developed countries will still live in rural areas in the year 20150. Three-quarters of the extreme poor base their livelihoods on agriculture or other rural activities. In the African continent, Eleven million young people will enter the labor market every year for the next ten years. Thus, agriculture can be categorized as the backbone of human subsistence and its stanchion for human existence surpasses any other area of endeavor. It provides employment to individuals and business support to organizations. However, despite its importance, there has been a continuous reduction in the number of people directly involved in agriculture, especially in developing countries. In Nigeria for example, the attraction to the city which is the ‘Pull factor”, white-collared jobs, price instability, income instability, herdsmen/farmer crisis, general insecurity, government intervention among others have reduced the number of people participating directly in agriculture. Economic issues such as deficit in trade, uncertain availability of food, generation of income, poverty reduction and creation of employment could be catered by the government by enacting pro-agricultural laws and providing incentives in various forms which includes provisions agricultural technology, tax reliefs, easy access to loans, security of lives and livestock, infrastructural development, irrigation trenches in desert areas, supply of fertilizers, control of usage of insecticides. Nigeria should come up with effective, pragmatic and workable agricultural plan and policy to harness the massive possibility of agricultural commercialization to fulfil the internal consumption demands and also for the purpose of export. There is also the need to process raw materials into finished products. For many smallholder farmers and herders, moving away from rural areas is an attractive opportunity to diversify livelihoods, escape slow-outbreak events which include climate change and degeneration of the environment, seek improved social services, and reunite with family members. This paper will interrogate instances of policies in receiving countries that empower the displaced and capitalize on opportunities that can arise from a global population shift. This research paper assesses the relationship between migration, human development, and agriculture and also raises and answers question on how we can enhance the development potential of migration in order to achieve zero hunger. Therefore, this paper concludes with the prospects and limitations of commercialization of agriculture and provides suggestions of ways for advancement using Nigeria as an example. It also seeks to suggest ways to make agriculture more vibrant and robust, which if attained, will reduce reliance on oil and gas as the predominantly sources of revenue generation.

Pattern analysis has been shown to have higher reliability for melanoma and nevus classification. The ABCD method, which is common to be used as a melanoma diagnosis method, has been shown to have inappropriate weighting for each parameter. In addition, pattern analysis has been shown to have a higher success for diagnosing melanoma. In this paper, we choose the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) as a texture parameter to represent the pattern of melanoma. We also choose Deep Neural Network (DNN) to retrieve information from the data set. DNN has the capability of analyzing data with a high level of abstraction. Therefore, we choose DNN as a method to classify melanoma and nevus. We use the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) archive database as our training and validation data. We use 773 nevi with 870 melanoma images as training data and separate 200 Nevus and 200 Melanoma images as validation data. We achieve 81.75% diagnostic accuracy, 75.5% sensitivity, and 88% specificityPattern analysis has been shown to have higher reliability for melanoma and nevus classification. The ABCD method, which is common to be used as a melanoma diagnosis method, has been shown to have inappropriate weighting for each parameter. In addition, pattern analysis has been shown to have a higher success for diagnosing melanoma. In this paper, we choose the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) as a texture parameter to represent the pattern of melanoma. We also choose Deep Neural Network (DNN) to retrieve information from the data set. DNN has the capability of analyzing data with a high level of abstraction. Therefore, we choose DNN as a method to classify melanoma and nevus. We use the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) archive database as our training and validation data. We use 773 nevi with 870 melanoma images as training data and separate 200 Nevus and 200 Melanoma images as validation data. We achieve 81.75% diagnostic accuracy, 75.5% sensitivity, and 88% specificity

The magnificent increase in the performance of integrated circuits is made possible by semiconductor Physics. Due to very large-scale integration, scaling has approached its fundamental limits, which is the biggest challenge for the semiconductor industry. Therefore, in the recent years researchers across the globe are focusing on emerging field of spintronics. In this thrust area of spintronics research, spin field effect transistor (s-FET) is an extensively studied device. In literature, researchers have studied and optimized two main types of spin field effect transistors namely Ballistic and Non-Ballistic spin-field effect transistors. This research paper has presented the recent developments in the field of Ballistic and Non-Ballistic spin-field effect transistors. This paper has briefly explained the approach to design, development and fabrication of s-FET by taking a case study. Firstly, the spin field effect transistor was proposed by Datta–Das, which has proved to be the milestone in the area of spintronic technology. Mainly, spin transistor is prepared using a ballistic semiconductor, sandwiched between ferromagnetic metallic source and drain contacts.The magnificent increase in the performance of integrated circuits is made possible by semiconductor Physics. Due to very large-scale integration, scaling has approached its fundamental limits, which is the biggest challenge for the semiconductor industry. Therefore, in the recent years researchers across the globe are focusing on emerging field of spintronics. In this thrust area of spintronics research, spin field effect transistor (s-FET) is an extensively studied device. In literature, researchers have studied and optimized two main types of spin field effect transistors namely Ballistic and Non-Ballistic spin-field effect transistors. This research paper has presented the recent developments in the field of Ballistic and Non-Ballistic spin-field effect transistors. This paper has briefly explained the approach to design, development and fabrication of s-FET by taking a case study. Firstly, the spin field effect transistor was proposed by Datta–Das, which has proved to be the milestone in the area of ...

This paper presents an experiment on the dove tail profiled steel concrete composite shear wall (DSCW) under axial compression. Four DSCWs specimens were designed and constructed in order to test and obtain the deformation behavior, failure modes, bearing capacity, stiffness changes, etc. The results indicate that the failure process of all 4 specimens is initialed from steel sheets local buckling to the final concrete crushing. The steel and concrete can work consistently because the dove-tail-shaped ribs of the sheets have a good anchoring effect on the concrete. Based on the experiment result and analysis, a simplified formula for DSCWs was suggested to calculate the axial compressive strength with consideration of the influence of local buckling of steel sheets.This paper presents an experiment on the dove tail profiled steel concrete composite shear wall (DSCW) under axial compression. Four DSCWs specimens were designed and constructed in order to test and obtain the deformation behavior, failure modes, bearing capacity, stiffness changes, etc. The results indicate that the failure process of all 4 specimens is initialed from steel sheets local buckling to the final concrete crushing. The steel and concrete can work consistently because the dove-tail-shaped ribs of the sheets have a good anchoring effect on the concrete. Based on the experiment result and analysis, a simplified formula for DSCWs was suggested to calculate the axial compressive strength with consideration of the influence of local buckling of steel sheets.

Currently the application of Industry 4.0 is being promoted in Indonesia, among others, in systems in industry, medical, transportation, agriculture, and public services. This has encouraged the implementation of The Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The implementation of IoT in the industry there is no price problem, but in the low profit sectors the use of the industry standard IoT system is a problem. Therefore, this paper will provide the results of the study on the use of Low-Cost IoT. The most important parameter of an IoT system is the performance of sending data from the device to the server and reversing from the server to the user. IoT devices use the NodeMCU ESP8266 module on the Ubidots platform for free. Based on the design that has been carried out, the delivery time performance of IoT to Server devices for fiber optic media and 4G cellular operators is 1-2 milliseconds and 2-7 milliseconds respectively. This value according to the standard is still very good even though using unpaid services.Currently the application of Industry 4.0 is being promoted in Indonesia, among others, in systems in industry, medical, transportation, agriculture, and public services. This has encouraged the implementation of The Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The implementation of IoT in the industry there is no price problem, but in the low profit sectors the use of the industry standard IoT system is a problem. Therefore, this paper will provide the results of the study on the use of Low-Cost IoT. The most important parameter of an IoT system is the performance of sending data from the device to the server and reversing from the server to the user. IoT devices use the NodeMCU ESP8266 module on the Ubidots platform for free. Based on the design that has been carried out, the delivery time performance of IoT to Server devices for fiber optic media and 4G cellular operators is 1-2 milliseconds and 2-7 milliseconds respectively. This value according to the standard is still very good even though using unpaid serv...

In honour to Jiři Kunovský, the paper will try to overview his work and his beloved simulation software. The Taylor–Kunovsky Simulation Language (TKSL) is software based on computations where Taylor series are used, to solve various problems by systems of equations. It deals with problems described by non-stiff and even stiff differential equations or systems of linear equations or nonlinear equations in a comparable or faster time than other known softwares. The implemented method is based on variable–step variable–order scheme. The paper will provide test problem and comparison to MATLAB software.

Solar flat plate collectors are the most vital parts of a solar heating system. The collector plate absorbs the energy from the sun and transforms this radiation into heat and then transmit this heat into a fluid, it can either water or air. This research paper proposes a new technology to enhance the performance of the solar flat plate collector. A trapezoidal solar reflector is connected with the flat plate collector to enhance the amount of sunlight which hits the collector plate surface. The trapezoidal reflector concentrates both the direct and diffused radiation of the sun towards the flat plate collector. To maximize the concentration of incident radiation the trapezoidal reflector was permitted to change its inclination with the direction of sunlight. A prototype of a solar water heating system with trapezoidal reflector was constructed and achieved the improvement of collector plate efficiency by around 12%-13%. Thus the current solar heating system has the best thermal performance compared to the existing systems.Solar flat plate collectors are the most vital parts of a solar heating system. The collector plate absorbs the energy from the sun and transforms this radiation into heat and then transmit this heat into a fluid, it can either water or air. This research paper proposes a new technology to enhance the performance of the solar flat plate collector. A trapezoidal solar reflector is connected with the flat plate collector to enhance the amount of sunlight which hits the collector plate surface. The trapezoidal reflector concentrates both the direct and diffused radiation of the sun towards the flat plate collector. To maximize the concentration of incident radiation the trapezoidal reflector was permitted to change its inclination with the direction of sunlight. A prototype of a solar water heating system with trapezoidal reflector was constructed and achieved the improvement of collector plate efficiency by around 12%-13%. Thus the current solar heating system has the best thermal performance compared to th...

The spile-soil interaction has a great influence on the seismic response of bridges. In this paper, a three-span continuous box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs is taken as an example. The finite element model of a continuous girder bridge with corrugated steel webs has been established by Midas Civil considering spile-soil interaction. The influence of spile-soil interaction on the seismic response of corrugated steel web continuous girder bridges has been analyzed and summarized by comparing the seismic response of structures with spile-soil interactions and that without considering spile-soil interactions, providing reference for seismic design of similar bridge types.The spile-soil interaction has a great influence on the seismic response of bridges. In this paper, a three-span continuous box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs is taken as an example. The finite element model of a continuous girder bridge with corrugated steel webs has been established by Midas Civil considering spile-soil interaction. The influence of spile-soil interaction on the seismic response of corrugated steel web continuous girder bridges has been analyzed and summarized by comparing the seismic response of structures with spile-soil interactions and that without considering spile-soil interactions, providing reference for seismic design of similar bridge types.

A method to create mammography phantoms with radiopaque ink and an inkjet printer was developed. A mammography image was printed on several sheets of bond paper, modulated by a calibration function, creating a phantom image that can emulate the original object in a clinical image. The radiopaque ink on paper was stable, at least, over a month. The representation of the mammography image was visually equivalent, and the limitations of the method come from noise, alignment difficulties, and dynamic range compression.

Since the real structure is not perfect, the geometric imperfections are present. In this case, the bifurcation buckling load overestimates the buckling load. This problem is particularly interesting in experimental studies, because the amplitude of imperfection and its mode can differ for each sample. In this paper, a methodology for determination of the lowest buckling load of a thin-walled plate structure with imperfection using a load–axial shortening plot was presented. The proposed approach can be applied, when the post-buckling path is stable, only. It was shown that the load corresponding to an alternation in rigidity of the real structure on the load-axial shortening plot determines the buckling load with high accuracy. The P-w2 method and the inflection point method were applied, as well, to verify the obtained results. First, numerical calculations were performed by the finite element method and Koiter's method using Byskov-Hutchinson's formulation. The imperfections were defined explicitly. Other parameters of the system, such as boundary conditions, loads, geometrical dimensions were free from inaccuracies. A plate model of the thin-walled structure was applied. An eigenvalue buckling problem of perfect structures was solved to determine bifurcation loads and their eigenmodes. Then nonlinear problem of buckling was solved by Koiter's perturbation method for one mode approach or the finite element method employing Newton-Rawson's method. The load - axial shortening plots were made to analyse an influence of the imperfection amplitude on an approximate value of the lowest buckling load. The uncoupled local buckling was considered. Detailed computations were conducted for short Z-column made of general carbon-epoxy laminate under uniform compression. The Z-column was simply supported on both ends. Finally, the numerical results were verified in experimental tests using Aramis system. A static compression test was performed on a universal testing machine. Tests were performed at a constant velocity of the cross-bar equal to 2 mm/min. The compressive load was less than 150% of the bifurcation load. A very good agreement between the results attained with both the methods for solving the nonlinear problem was obtained.Since the real structure is not perfect, the geometric imperfections are present. In this case, the bifurcation buckling load overestimates the buckling load. This problem is particularly interesting in experimental studies, because the amplitude of imperfection and its mode can differ for each sample. In this paper, a methodology for determination of the lowest buckling load of a thin-walled plate structure with imperfection using a load–axial shortening plot was presented. The proposed approach can be applied, when the post-buckling path is stable, only. It was shown that the load corresponding to an alternation in rigidity of the real structure on the load-axial shortening plot determines the buckling load with high accuracy. The P-w2 method and the inflection point method were applied, as well, to verify the obtained results. First, numerical calculations were performed by the finite element method and Koiter's method using Byskov-Hutchinson's formulation. The imperfections were defined explicitly. Ot...

The cards that can be used for a combination of services are known as smart cards. Smart cards are being used widely in various sectors mainly in health and educational sectors. Some of the banks have started issuing these smart cards in combination with other agencies. This paper proposes an interoperable smart card system that provides students with a campus identification card along with a debit card cum Automated Teller Machine card which can be used by the students as their student identity card, library card, cards for fee payment or bill payment cards at various food courts or shopping malls This paper also discuss about the satisfaction rate among the students and fields of improvement.

The Vertical handover delay is a key performance index for making a decision about vertical handover (VHO) from the LTE network to the target IEEE 802.22 network with an existing IP-address. The application of the IEEE 802.22 standard for wireless regional area network (WRAN) is actual in low population density areas, or in emergencies, or when using of other standards are impossible. The IEEE 802.22 standard is the first standard of cognitive radio, which has the status of international standard. The IEEE 802.22 standard uses so-called «white spaces» in the television (TV) frequency spectrum from 410 MHz to 862 MHz. The paper compares two switching procedures for vertical handover: with the saving of the IP-address and without saving. We used a multistage queueing system with background traffic for the analysis.The Vertical handover delay is a key performance index for making a decision about vertical handover (VHO) from the LTE network to the target IEEE 802.22 network with an existing IP-address. The application of the IEEE 802.22 standard for wireless regional area network (WRAN) is actual in low population density areas, or in emergencies, or when using of other standards are impossible. The IEEE 802.22 standard is the first standard of cognitive radio, which has the status of international standard. The IEEE 802.22 standard uses so-called «white spaces» in the television (TV) frequency spectrum from 410 MHz to 862 MHz. The paper compares two switching procedures for vertical handover: with the saving of the IP-address and without saving. We used a multistage queueing system with background traffic for the analysis.

The use of fossil fuels has great impact on environment and energy security problems. Besides, the rising cost of fuel oil compelled the industry to search for alternative fuels, and biomass in general and rice husks in particular are considered a suitable candidate. Bio energy has significant potential contribution for sustainable energy systems, especially when converted to modern energy carriers such as electricity, gaseous or liquid fuels. Rice is cultivated in more than 75 countries in the world. The rice husk is the outer cover of the rice and on average it accounts for 20% of the paddy produced, on weight basis. The worldwide annual husk is about 80 million tons with an annual energy potential of 1.2∼109 GJ corresponding to a heating value of 15 MJ/kg. Maximum rice husk produced by milling process of rice mills in Bangladesh usually burned in the mill boilers to produce process heat for parboiling of paddy rice and excess husk are sold to the market as fuel for cooking purposes and a considerable portion is misused. Therefore, syngas from rice husk can be produced as an auspicious source of energy. It can be used to generate heat and power like natural gas, synthesize other chemicals and liquid fuels, or produce H2. One of the promising approaches for syngas production from biomass is downdraft fixed bed gasification among the several approaches till developed. Optimization of operating conditions (combustion zone temperature, reaction zone temperature, intake air temperature, humidity of intake air and air flow rate) can give a satisfactory result for the quality syngas production. In this paper rice husk was used as potential biomass feed stocks. The moisture content of the feed material is less than 10% on weight basis and consumption rate of rice husk is 3.62 kg/h. Temperature inside the reaction zone (970∼994) K, primary air flow rate 2.7 m3/h, humidity of outside air (45∼50%) and exit temperature of the producer gas (140∼160)°C were measured. This paper gives an optimistic operating condition for quality syngas production.

At present, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the traditional Internet technology is no longer applicable to the current new Internet technology. At present, Internet technology is gradually found in the direction of Internet of Things technology, and gradually appears in people’s production and life. In this paper, the architecture of the current Internet of Things technology is analyzed and discussed, and its key technologies are gradually analyzed. At the same time, this paper also analyses and discusses the problems existing in the current power communication system, and puts forward the application of the current Internet of Things technology in many aspects, such as automation, emergency communication and so on. At the same time, this paper also hopes to promote the vigorous development of smart grid construction in China through the research and discussion of this topic. In addition, this paper mainly from a professional point of view as a starting point, to explore the functional ...

Spherical Tokamak (ST) path to Fusion has been proposed [1] and experiments on STs demonstrated feasibility of this approach. Advances in High Temperature Superconductor technology [2] allows significant increase in the toroidal field (TF) which was found to improve confinement in STs. The combination of the high normalised plasma pressure, β, which has been achieved in STs [3], and high TF that can be produced by HTS TF magnets, opens a path to lower-volume fusion reactors, in accordance with the fusion power scaling proportional to β2Bt4V. Modular approach then becomes an alternative to high power, GW-scale Fusion reactors [4,5]. Feasibility of low-power compact ST reactor module and physics and engineering challenges of the accelerated, ST path to Fusion Power are discussed in this paper, on example of the first our prototype on this route, high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40.Spherical Tokamak (ST) path to Fusion has been proposed [1] and experiments on STs demonstrated feasibility of this approach. Advances in High Temperature Superconductor technology [2] allows significant increase in the toroidal field (TF) which was found to improve confinement in STs. The combination of the high normalised plasma pressure, β, which has been achieved in STs [3], and high TF that can be produced by HTS TF magnets, opens a path to lower-volume fusion reactors, in accordance with the fusion power scaling proportional to β2Bt4V. Modular approach then becomes an alternative to high power, GW-scale Fusion reactors [4,5]. Feasibility of low-power compact ST reactor module and physics and engineering challenges of the accelerated, ST path to Fusion Power are discussed in this paper, on example of the first our prototype on this route, high-field compact spherical tokamak ST40.

The stent implants nowadays are wide used technique in the treatment of the cardiovascular diseases due to their long-term life cycle. This life time depends on the type of the deployment, material properties, loading conditions, design and patient anatomy. Present paper presents a study of the fatigue of a new stent design. The geometry is proposed by the firma ISMA EOOD, Sofia, Bulgaria. Stents from medical stainless steel Grade 316L have been exerted to simulation of their fatigue by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Comparison between stents with different struts width is performed. In this work we pursue the aim to reveal the mechanical properties and fatique behavior of a stent with a new original design, using time dependant study. The stress conditions during crimping and inflation of the stent are simulated to obtain the parameters of the virtually implanted graft. Additionally, new conditions are introduced, which imitate the influence of the heart pulse wave. An attempt to predict the failure time has been undertaken taking into account the geometrical design and loading conditions. Goodman analysis has been performed and Safety factor estimated.The stent implants nowadays are wide used technique in the treatment of the cardiovascular diseases due to their long-term life cycle. This life time depends on the type of the deployment, material properties, loading conditions, design and patient anatomy. Present paper presents a study of the fatigue of a new stent design. The geometry is proposed by the firma ISMA EOOD, Sofia, Bulgaria. Stents from medical stainless steel Grade 316L have been exerted to simulation of their fatigue by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Comparison between stents with different struts width is performed. In this work we pursue the aim to reveal the mechanical properties and fatique behavior of a stent with a new original design, using time dependant study. The stress conditions during crimping and inflation of the stent are simulated to obtain the parameters of the virtually implanted graft. Additionally, new conditions are introduced, which imitate the influence of the heart pulse wave. An attempt to predict the failure ...

The paper presents the results of computer modelling using FEA and experimental researches of the influence of technological parameters of burnishing rolling process on resistance to fatigue wear of shafts. For solution of elaborate equation of motion the explicit method was used. This allows to carries out the time analysis of the displacements, strains and stresses state’s in workpieces. In addition, the numerical analyses for the fatigue wear component after burnishing for low frequency loads were carried out. The results of the numerical analysis were experimentally verified by researching the surface layer after burnishing. In addition the shafts on fatigue wear were tested.The paper presents the results of computer modelling using FEA and experimental researches of the influence of technological parameters of burnishing rolling process on resistance to fatigue wear of shafts. For solution of elaborate equation of motion the explicit method was used. This allows to carries out the time analysis of the displacements, strains and stresses state’s in workpieces. In addition, the numerical analyses for the fatigue wear component after burnishing for low frequency loads were carried out. The results of the numerical analysis were experimentally verified by researching the surface layer after burnishing. In addition the shafts on fatigue wear were tested.

Crude oil consumption is about 201.90 MMT in India for 2017-18. It is found that about 3/4th of crude oil is been utilized in transportation section, this has resulted in manufacturers globally to reduce the oil consumption without any sacrifice in performance of vehicles. Biodiesel, LPG, CNG and electric vehicles are some alternative methods used to reduce oil consumption. Many research work has been carried out globally by blending of Ethanol into Diesel or Hydrogen into Diesel are carried out by many researchers, but this has not been implemented commercially. Renewable and oxygenated fuel, ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel which aides in complete combustion of fuel in compression ignition engines (CI Engines). In this paper, engine performance has been studied with the addition Ethanol and Hydrogen. The investigation has been carried out on a single cylinder compression ignition engine (CI Engine) developing a maximum power of 3.7kw at 1500 rpm. Experimental analysis has been carried out for Crude Diesel (baseline fuel) and ratios of Diesel-Ethanol blends for various loading condition. Form the experimental investigations the following performance parameters has been recorded: brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, brake power and exhaust gas temperature. The results showed that the performance parameters were marginally inferior to the crude Diesel test results. From the investigation the reading clearly shows that for two fuel blending without much compromise Crude Diesel and Ethanol can be blended up to a ratio of 25% Ethanol 75% Diesel. Experimental investigations for Diesel-Hydrogen has been carried out with 6.9 liters per hour of constant hydrogen addition. This mixture had the most optimum performance characteristics. For three fuel combination i.e., Bio-Diesel (Ethanol & Diesel) and Hydrogen, Hydrogen was supplied at a constant rate of 6.9 liters per hour. From the investigations it has been found that E15-D85-H has the better performance characteristics.Crude oil consumption is about 201.90 MMT in India for 2017-18. It is found that about 3/4th of crude oil is been utilized in transportation section, this has resulted in manufacturers globally to reduce the oil consumption without any sacrifice in performance of vehicles. Biodiesel, LPG, CNG and electric vehicles are some alternative methods used to reduce oil consumption. Many research work has been carried out globally by blending of Ethanol into Diesel or Hydrogen into Diesel are carried out by many researchers, but this has not been implemented commercially. Renewable and oxygenated fuel, ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel which aides in complete combustion of fuel in compression ignition engines (CI Engines). In this paper, engine performance has been studied with the addition Ethanol and Hydrogen. The investigation has been carried out on a single cylinder compression ignition engine (CI Engine) developing a maximum power of 3.7kw at 1500 rpm. Experimental analysis has been carried out for C...

Electricity generated from renewable energy sources is becoming widespread due to the adverse environmental effects and increasing costs associated with the use of conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, hydel and nuclear. Electricity generated from readily available renewable energy sources like solar and wind are great alternatives and have the potential of satisfying the energy requirements to a great extent. However, solar and wind energy used independently are not entirely reliable due to their unstable nature and intermittent availability. The use of solar and wind energy together as a hybrid energy system has been found to be more efficient and economically viable. The objective of this paper is to carry out a feasibility study of standalone solar-wind hybrid energy system in Guwahati. Solar irradiation and wind speed of various locations of the city has been collected for the work. A standalone hybrid energy system comprising of solar panels, wind turbines and battery bank supplying an assumed load is used for this study. Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) technique is employed to find the optimal number of solar panels, wind turbines and batteries keeping load fulfillment and economical constraints in mind. The study concludes by identifying the hot spots in the city where solar wind hybrid energy systems are feasible.Electricity generated from renewable energy sources is becoming widespread due to the adverse environmental effects and increasing costs associated with the use of conventional energy sources like fossil fuels, hydel and nuclear. Electricity generated from readily available renewable energy sources like solar and wind are great alternatives and have the potential of satisfying the energy requirements to a great extent. However, solar and wind energy used independently are not entirely reliable due to their unstable nature and intermittent availability. The use of solar and wind energy together as a hybrid energy system has been found to be more efficient and economically viable. The objective of this paper is to carry out a feasibility study of standalone solar-wind hybrid energy system in Guwahati. Solar irradiation and wind speed of various locations of the city has been collected for the work. A standalone hybrid energy system comprising of solar panels, wind turbines and battery bank supplying an assu...

This paper presents the design, modeling and fabrication of the prototype of Hydro-Magneto-Electric- Regenerative Shock Absorber (HMERSA) with two electric generators in series for vehicle suspension. The designed HMERSA converts reciprocating linear motion of vehicle suspension into unidirectional fluid flow which turn the two electric generators in series and generate electricity. The HMERSA was modeled and simulated to study the damping force characteristic, the performance, and the generated power. Further, the prototype of HMERSA was manufactured and implemented in the vehicle suspension. The vehicle was tested on a bumping road. The vehicle body acceleration was measured as well as the generated voltage and current. The results are analyzed and discussed in this paper.

The aim of this paper is the seismic vulnerability assessment of different types of low-rise towers. These buildings are typical of the Calabrian region, and have various purposes. The most common are watchtowers located along the coasts, and had a defensive role. In other cases, the low-rise towers are ruins of religious complexes located in strategic and historical areas. In particular, in this paper two structures will be investigated: the castle of “San Fili” in Stignano (RC) and the ruins of the ancient church of St Francis of Assisi in Amantea (CS). The result of this preliminary study was the creation of a simplified geometric model used for the definition of the numerical model with the FE code Abaqus CAE. In order to obtain the natural frequency of these structures, two modal shapes analysis are carried out. The last step was the execution of non-linear static analysis in order to evaluate the seismic response.

Geological hazards such as landslides, debris flows and collapses are potential hazards affecting the safety of nearby roads and people. Land and Resources Bureau and other relevant departments to undertake the responsibility of prevention and control of geological disasters, an important body, how to deal with the characteristics of sudden geological disasters in the region, according to pre-established emergency measures quickly and accurately survey, is an important issue to be solved. Based on the analysis of the types and effects of typical geological disasters, this paper studies the relevant methods of identifying typical geological disasters through artificial neural networks, and proposes and designs intelligent geological survey methods and systems based on deep learning to provide relevant departments such as Land and Resources Bureau Related Mountain Geological Survey and Information Support.Geological hazards such as landslides, debris flows and collapses are potential hazards affecting the safety of nearby roads and people. Land and Resources Bureau and other relevant departments to undertake the responsibility of prevention and control of geological disasters, an important body, how to deal with the characteristics of sudden geological disasters in the region, according to pre-established emergency measures quickly and accurately survey, is an important issue to be solved. Based on the analysis of the types and effects of typical geological disasters, this paper studies the relevant methods of identifying typical geological disasters through artificial neural networks, and proposes and designs intelligent geological survey methods and systems based on deep learning to provide relevant departments such as Land and Resources Bureau Related Mountain Geological Survey and Information Support.

Based on the review on the available literature sources, this paper comprehensively discusses the identified studies which have been done in the context of e-commerce adoption. Seventy-three (73) papers have been extracted from Elsevier’s Scopus database. Those papers were analyzed based on the distribution of publication, the scope demography, the research approach and research method and the adapted theory or conceptual framework. The result of the study found that publications in e-commerce research rose to peak year in 2015. Most of the e-commerce adoption studies were carried out in Southeast Asia (26%) and determining factors of e-commerce adoption was the most popular theme across region. Despite of its popularity, the findings were inconclusive in terms of specific determinants that significantly contributed towards e-commerce adoption. However, it is found that variables from the organizational context and external environment context significantly contributed towards e-commerce adoption. Most of the studies preferred quantitative approach (71.2%), especially in employing questionnaire methods. The result of the theory analysis reveals that the most frequently used conceptual framework was TOE framework, while many studies (24.7%) did not take into account of specific conceptual framework. Only a few researchers (11%) had used self-developed conceptual framework rather than existing framework. In term of scope, majority of the studies focused on the factors that encourage e-commerce adoption. Such limited scope of studies efforts could only provide a partial understanding of the diffusion process. Future research shall go further to investigate the post-adoption stages of e-commerce. The limitation of single database and keywords might fail to give more extensive retrieved number of articles in the study.

The coastal areas of Java, especially Semarang and Demak, are tidal flooding-prone areas. In fact, tidal flooding decreases the quality of life in coastal areas due to the capacity of seawater in destroying the building, houses, and environment. One innovation is introduced in this paper, which is the premixed mortar additive to repair masonry walls of house in tidal-prone areas. Principally, some measures should be done to address the problems caused by tidal flooding. In this research, masonry walls were improved by applying premixed mortar additive. The results were investigated after its long term performance, for more than one year, by using non destructive Rebound Hammer Test. This research was conducted by experimental activity. There were two masonry walls that had been repaired about a year ago. Some old masonry and concrete bricks of the walls had been substituted by new concrete bricks made of polymer-modified mortar with Moringa oleifera and Gracilaria Sp. and then covered by premixed mortar additive. Those masonry walls were built in Sriwulan village, Sayung and Pucang Gading— as the control site. Non destructive Rebound Hammer Test was applied on the masonry walls aged 12, 13, and 14 months. Each masonry wall was tested by 5 (five) zones (A, B, C, D, and E). Ten shoots were applied on each zone. The findings revealed: 1) In dry area, Pucang Gading site, there is a consistent performance of compressive strength masonry wall aged 12, 13, and 14 months, 2) In tidal flooding-prone area, Sayung site, there is fluctuative performance of compressive strength masonry wall aged 12, 13, and 14 months, 3) Compressive strength of masonry walls aged 14 months in Pucang Gading site is generally fluctuative, particularly at zone A to E (39.4 MPa to 44 MPa), while in Sayung site, compressive strength of zone A to E indicates declining values (44.3 MPa to 40.8 MPa), 4) At age 14 months, the compressive strength of zone B and E in Sayung site is lower than that in Pucang Gading site, due to tidal flooding, and 5) Slight distinction of compressive strength in Pucang Gading and Sayung site may be provided by premixed mortar additive that covers the walls.The coastal areas of Java, especially Semarang and Demak, are tidal flooding-prone areas. In fact, tidal flooding decreases the quality of life in coastal areas due to the capacity of seawater in destroying the building, houses, and environment. One innovation is introduced in this paper, which is the premixed mortar additive to repair masonry walls of house in tidal-prone areas. Principally, some measures should be done to address the problems caused by tidal flooding. In this research, masonry walls were improved by applying premixed mortar additive. The results were investigated after its long term performance, for more than one year, by using non destructive Rebound Hammer Test. This research was conducted by experimental activity. There were two masonry walls that had been repaired about a year ago. Some old masonry and concrete bricks of the walls had been substituted by new concrete bricks made of polymer-modified mortar with Moringa oleifera and Gracilaria Sp. and then covered by premixed mortar a...

The paper deals with suitability of use of the explicit and implicit method in heavily nonlinear seismic analysis and also deals with comparison of response of the Drucker-Prager plastic material model and the modified Mazars damage material model to strong seismic loading. Considering typical time of duration of earthquakes from several seconds to approximately twenty seconds, it would seem that use of the implicit method is definitely more suitable. The shape of accelerograms, however, requires quite short time steps. For the explicit method, on the other hand, very short time steps are required in order to obtain a stable solution. Both methods must be compared with respect to a heavily nonlinear response, typical for seismicity. Massive yielding or damage of the material structure is achieved. Behaviour of both models under the seismic loading is fundamentally different and the paper discusses the differences. Conclusions of the paper are made on the basis of detailed numerical study and may be very useful for practice.

This paper provides a method for determining the rotational temperature of a molecular ensemble subject to a pump pulse. To implement it, we measure the rotational energy by using the molecular wave function, take the rotational energy as the thermal energy, and extract the rotational temperature. This method is able to follow the dynamics of rotational temperature, calculate the temperature increase during the interaction with the pump pulse, and predict the cause. An accurate rotational temperature ensures better information about molecular ensembles.This paper provides a method for determining the rotational temperature of a molecular ensemble subject to a pump pulse. To implement it, we measure the rotational energy by using the molecular wave function, take the rotational energy as the thermal energy, and extract the rotational temperature. This method is able to follow the dynamics of rotational temperature, calculate the temperature increase during the interaction with the pump pulse, and predict the cause. An accurate rotational temperature ensures better information about molecular ensembles.

This paper investigates the reduction of the parasitic absorption in solar cells with poly-silicon based passivating contacts. We analyze the transparency of poly-Si films fabricated at various deposition temperatures. We observe different surface morphologies by scanning electron microscopy and model their spectroscopic ellipsometry reflection data. Based on the measured optical parameters (n and k) we perform ray tracing simulations for quantifying the expected increase of short-circuit current density of a cell. Our study shows that the poly-Si deposition at 530 °C leads to an increase of the photo-generated current density by up to 0.76 mA/cm² when compared to poly-Si films deposited at 610 °C.This paper investigates the reduction of the parasitic absorption in solar cells with poly-silicon based passivating contacts. We analyze the transparency of poly-Si films fabricated at various deposition temperatures. We observe different surface morphologies by scanning electron microscopy and model their spectroscopic ellipsometry reflection data. Based on the measured optical parameters (n and k) we perform ray tracing simulations for quantifying the expected increase of short-circuit current density of a cell. Our study shows that the poly-Si deposition at 530 °C leads to an increase of the photo-generated current density by up to 0.76 mA/cm² when compared to poly-Si films deposited at 610 °C.

Modern technologies make it possible to fulfill many projects in the field of space exploration. One such project is the colonization of Mars and providing favorable conditions for living on it. Authors propose principles of functioning of the spacecraft with a solar sail, intended to create a thermal and light spot in a predetermined area of the Martian surface. This additional illumination can maintain and support certain climatic conditions on a small area where a Mars base could be located. This paper investigate the possibility of the spacecraft continuously reflect the sunlight off the solar sail on the small area of the Mars surface. The mathematical motion model in such condition of the solar sail’s orientation is considered and used for motion simulation session. Moreover, the analysis of this motion is performed. Thus, were obtained parameters of the synchronic non-Keplerian orbit and spacecraft construction. In addition, were given recommendations for further applying satellites to reflect the sunlight on a planet’s surface.Modern technologies make it possible to fulfill many projects in the field of space exploration. One such project is the colonization of Mars and providing favorable conditions for living on it. Authors propose principles of functioning of the spacecraft with a solar sail, intended to create a thermal and light spot in a predetermined area of the Martian surface. This additional illumination can maintain and support certain climatic conditions on a small area where a Mars base could be located. This paper investigate the possibility of the spacecraft continuously reflect the sunlight off the solar sail on the small area of the Mars surface. The mathematical motion model in such condition of the solar sail’s orientation is considered and used for motion simulation session. Moreover, the analysis of this motion is performed. Thus, were obtained parameters of the synchronic non-Keplerian orbit and spacecraft construction. In addition, were given recommendations for further applying satellites to reflect the ...

Nowadays polymers are commonly used in various applications, which make it difficult to avoid its usage even though it causes environmental problems. Natural fibers are best alternate to overcome the polymer based environmental issues. Natural fibers play an important role in developing high performing fully newline biodegradable green composites which will be a key material to solve environmental problems in future. In this paper deals the properties analysis of banana fiber is combined with epoxy resin in order to create a natural composite, which has special characteristics for aerospace applications. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of failure modes and strength of natural composite using experimental and numerical methods. The test specimen of natural composite has been fabricated as per ASTM standard, which undergoes tensile and compression tests using Tinius Olsen UTM in order to determine mechanical and physical properties. The reference model has been designed by CATIA, and then numerical simulation has been carried out by Ansys Workbench 16.2 for the given boundary conditions.Nowadays polymers are commonly used in various applications, which make it difficult to avoid its usage even though it causes environmental problems. Natural fibers are best alternate to overcome the polymer based environmental issues. Natural fibers play an important role in developing high performing fully newline biodegradable green composites which will be a key material to solve environmental problems in future. In this paper deals the properties analysis of banana fiber is combined with epoxy resin in order to create a natural composite, which has special characteristics for aerospace applications. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of failure modes and strength of natural composite using experimental and numerical methods. The test specimen of natural composite has been fabricated as per ASTM standard, which undergoes tensile and compression tests using Tinius Olsen UTM in order to determine mechanical and physical properties. The reference model has been designed by ...

With the continuous development of the economy, the scale of city is expanding and the population is growing rapidly. As an effective measure to solve the traffic problems in large cities, rail transit has been planned and constructed in many major cities in China. In light of the limited resources of urban space and the huge demand for subway construction funds, the comprehensive development of land along urban rail transit can effectively promote its sustainable development. The necessity of comprehensive land development along the urban rail transit is explained in this paper, and then the problems in the comprehensive land development along the urban rail transit are analyzed. The prominent case of the development model of Beijing New Everbrite is selected to for analysis. Finally, the development strategy of the land along the urban rail transit is proposed.With the continuous development of the economy, the scale of city is expanding and the population is growing rapidly. As an effective measure to solve the traffic problems in large cities, rail transit has been planned and constructed in many major cities in China. In light of the limited resources of urban space and the huge demand for subway construction funds, the comprehensive development of land along urban rail transit can effectively promote its sustainable development. The necessity of comprehensive land development along the urban rail transit is explained in this paper, and then the problems in the comprehensive land development along the urban rail transit are analyzed. The prominent case of the development model of Beijing New Everbrite is selected to for analysis. Finally, the development strategy of the land along the urban rail transit is proposed.

This paper uses optical whispering galley modes (WGM) cavities to construct a new electrical sensing interface between prosthetic limb and the brain. The sensing element will detect the action potential signal in the neural membrane and the prosthetic limb will be actuated accordingly. The element is a WGM dielectric polymeric cavity. WGM based optical cavities can achieve very high values of sensitivity and quality factor; thus, any minute perturbations in the morphology of the cavity can be captured and measured. The action potential signal will produce an applied external electric field on the dielectric cavity causing it to deform due to the electrostriction effect. The resulting deformation will cause WGM shifts in the transmission spectrum of the cavity. Thus, the action potential or the applied electric field can be measured using these shifts. In this paper the action potential signal will be simulated through the use of a function generator and two metal electrodes. The sensing element will be si...

The scope of the study is to determine and rank the factors with an influence over the ability to absorb rural development funds under the 2007-2013 National Rural Development Program, with research being located in the county of Timis, in western Romania. The studied sample consisted in 122 subjects, mostly beneficiaries of rural development projects. Subsequent to the statistical analysis obtained by filling in some “face-to-face” questionnaires, the respondents’ opinions on the factors causing malfunctions during the process of application for funding have been identified. The highest frequency was contemplated in relation to ”The long period of time lapsed from submission of the proposal and up to the approval of the funding proposal”, followed by “Cumbrous obtaining of the papers and documents necessary for compiling the project proposal”. Among the factors with the most influence over the awarding and implementation of such projects, the respondents have most frequently pointed to ”The imposed bureaucracy” and ” Cumbrous obtaining of the papers and documents necessary for compiling the project proposal”.

To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provided to highlight the effectiveness and sustainability of proposed cryptosystem and to prove that the cryptosystem is secure for usage.To enhance the security in optical image encryption system and to protect it from the attackers, this paper proposes new digital spiral phase mask based on Fresnel Transform. In this cryptosystem the Spiral Phase Mask (SPM) used is a hybrid of Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) and Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) which makes the key strong and enhances the security. The different keys used for encryption and decryption purposed make the system much more secure. Proposed scheme uses various structured phase mask which increases the key space also it increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for the attackers to exactly find the key to recover the original image. We have also used different keys for encryption and decryption purpose to make the system much more secure. The strength of the proposed cryptosystem has been analyzed by simulating on MATLAB 7.9.0(R2008a). Mean Square Errors (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) are calculated for the proposed algorithm. The experimental results are provid...

The deterministic prediction of wind power, the probability prediction and the prediction of wind power ramp events are introduced in this paper. Deterministic prediction includes the prediction of statistical learning based on histor ical data and the prediction of physical models based on NWP data. Due to the great impact of wind power ramp events on the power system, this paper also introduces the prediction of wind power ramp events. At last, the evaluation indicators of all kinds of prediction are given. The prediction of wind power can be a good solution to the adverse effects of wind power on the power system due to the abrupt, intermittent and undulation of wind power.

This paper presents a computational method to extract optimum rectangular Regions of Interest (RoI) in images with an associated saliency map. Although saliency maps provide an individual relevance measure for each pixel, to find the sub-image (i.e., rectangular region) that contains the set of the most relevant pixels requires an optimisation procedure to define the boundaries of the best RoI. This is achieved by the method devised in the paper, by following an approach based on balancing the amount of relevant information that is included and excluded from the RoI. The results show that such method is capable of finding the most relevant rectangular RoI and thus to extract the optimum sub-images according to the relevance measure given by a generic saliency map. Since the method is not tied to any particular type of images, it finds application in quite different fields, such as salient object extraction and processing in industry and surveillance, image compression using attention modelling, biomedical imaging, etc.

Particle receivers achieve significantly higher temperatures than state of the art molten salt solar towers. The centrifugal particle receiver is a direct absorption receiver with a simple control of the residence time of the particles in the receiver. The paper describes the cold testing including mechanics of the particle film and first hot testing using a 100 kWel infrared heater.Particle receivers achieve significantly higher temperatures than state of the art molten salt solar towers. The centrifugal particle receiver is a direct absorption receiver with a simple control of the residence time of the particles in the receiver. The paper describes the cold testing including mechanics of the particle film and first hot testing using a 100 kWel infrared heater.