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In this study, three types of recycled waste paper fibers were used to manufacture cement composites reinforced with recycled cellulosic fibers. Waste cellulosic fibers in quantity of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% were added to cement mixtures. Physical properties such as density, water capillarity, water absorbability and thermal conductivity of fiber cement composites were studied after 28 days of hardening. However, durability of composites was tested after their water storage up to 90 days. Final results of tested properties of fiber cement composites were compared with cement reference sample without cellulosic fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the laboratory result on compaction characteristic for soft soil subgrade which was stabilized by using waste paper sludge ash (WPSA). The soft soil sample was collected from Banting Selangor, Malaysia named as Banting soft soil and classified as slightly sandy Clay with intermediate plasticity. Additive of WPSA is a finely waste product produced from the incinerated waste paper. In ASTM C618, this WPSA samples are categorized as Type-C fly ash due to the high free lime (CaO) content (>20%) and possesses some cementitious and pozzolanic, resulting in the self-cementing characteristics. Therefore no entire activators such as lime are required. Objectives of this study are to determine the dry density and moisture content of Banting soft soil stabilized by WPSA through the different energy and method of compaction and to determine the Atterberg limit properties of Banting soft soil stabilized using WPSA. Several percentage of WPSA (4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) was used to stabilize the soft soil. Meanwhile the compactions methods are used in this study are standard proctor test and modified proctor test. The Atterberg limit properties testing involved the liquid limit testing, and plastic limit testing. The result showed the plasticity indexes of soft soil stabilized with series percentage (4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) of WPSA were reduced parallel to the increment of liquid limit and plastic limit result. Meanwhile, the compaction result for stabilized soft soil showed an increment dry density value followed by decrement of moisture content for modified compaction and standard compaction. However, 4% WPSA were giving the best of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density stabilized soft soil from modified compaction. From this experimental study, it shows that WPSA has a significant and effective to improve the geotechnical properties of soft soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of new cells beyond the normal limits. The process by which cancers invade and spread to the other organs is called metastasis, this condition became the leading cause of death. One of detection methods that are currently used to detect tumors and metastatic tissues is conducted with radiopharmaceutical of [18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose ([18F] FDG). This method is quite accurate, but is relatively expensive because it needs PET / CT camera that is still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop other imaging methods using SPECT-CT camera that is cheaper and easy to reach especially for developing countries. Labelling 2-deoxy-D-glucose with technetium-99m (99mTc) indirectly using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as a co-ligand / bifunctional agent has been carried out. The determination of the optimum conditions for the labelling of 99mTc-DTPA-DG were done by varying the amount of reducing agent (SnCl2.2H2O), ligand (2-deoxy-D-glucose), pH, and incubation time. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was determined by ascending paper chromatography and electrophoresis paper. The results showed that the labelling optimum conditions of 99mTc-DTPA-DG was achieved by the number of ligand 2-deoxy-D-glucose as much as 2 mg, co-ligand DTPA 750 µg, 50 µg SnCl2.2H2O, the reaction takes place at pH 6 with an incubation time of 30 min at room temperature. 99mTc-DTPA-DG has a radiochemical purity of 93.16±1.31% and the electrophoresis results showed that there is a difference between the peaks of 99mTc-DTPA-DG with other impurities including 99mTc-DTPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and increasing every year, including in Indonesia. Promethium-149 (149Pm) is one of beta-emitting (Eβ-max of 1.07 MeV and T1/2 of 2.21 days) radiolanthanides that can be used for therapeutic application. Radioisotope of 149Pm can be produced with high specific activity that was suitable for labeling of biomolecule as a targeted radiopharmaceutical for cancer therapy. Radiochemical separation of 149Pm from irradiated of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) target with 98.4% neodymium-148 (148Nd) isotope enrichment has been carried out based on extraction chromatography method using LN (Eichrom) resin column. The target material was irradiated at Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor. Radiochemical purity the final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope was determined using paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis methods. Radionuclide purity of 149PmCl3 solution was determined using a gamma-ray spectrometer equipped with HP-Ge detector and a multichannel analyzer (MCA). The results show that the optimum condition on separation of 149Pm from irradiated of Nd2O3 target with 98.4% 148Nd isotope enrichment was obtained using 1.5N HNO3 solution at temperature of 80 °C as mobile phase. The yield of 149Pm obtained from the separation was 97.8 ± 2.1%. The final product of 149PmCl3 radioisotope has physico-chemical characteristic that meet the requirements for nuclear medicine applications with radiochemical purity and radionuclide purity of 99.7 ± 0.2% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. The solution of 149PmCl3 was clear, with the pH of 1 and stable for 1.5 weeks at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent technology has been introduced into the paper industry that makes possible to produce paper materials by replacing the cellulose fibres by a mineral powder, achieving a more environmentally friendly product compared with conventional paper. The purpose of this work is to determine the possibilities of an air-coupled ultrasonic technique to study this kind of new materials in order to develop an ultrasonic system useful for quality control for this industry. In particular, air-coupled ultrasonic spectroscopy is specially well suited to this kind of materials because of the fact that no coupling liquid and no direct contact with the sample is employed. A through transmission technique is employed and Fourier analysis is performed to obtain both magnitude and phase spectra of the transmission coefficient. Properties in the thickness direction as well as in the paper plane are investigated. Different paper grades (from 120 to 400 g/m2) provided by Terraskin have been studied. Very high attenuation coeficientes and very low propagation velocities (and hence elastic constant) are obtained, this can be explained by considering the large porosity of this material (about 50%) and the microstrucutre: solid grains in contact with a variable amount of polymeric resin partially filling the pore space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing development and improvement of low-power wireless communication technologies enable many new applications to emerge on an Internet of Things (IoT). One of the main areas of healthcare research including new IoT programs to enhance both quality and access to healthcare and smart services; in this paper, we present the IoT hybrid health care monitoring system that integrates Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless networks technologies into a single platform that provides patient location, status, and tracking. Despite the great potential of such technologies to increase quality and experience and lower the cost of health care. The paper aims to address the complexities of RFID implementation in healthcare on patient safety through a literature review. Our primary findings indicate that the major obstacles to adoption are high adoption costs, protection and privacy-related concerns, and human security threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene is one atom thick two dimensional material with unusual mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. Graphene, on larger scale is produced through reduction of graphene oxide which in turn is synthesized by chemical oxidation of graphite. Generally large area graphene oxide paper can be easily fabricated by solution filtration process, spin casting method and Langmuir-Blodgett assembly. In present study graphene oxide was synthesized by modified Hummers method. Free standing graphene oxide paper (GOP) was developed by simple drying of graphene oxide suspended in water followed by reduction by thermal treatment to synthesize free standing conducting graphene paper (Thermally Reduced Graphene Paper, TRGP). Thermal reduction was carried out for 30, 60, 90 and 120min and samples referred as TRGP_30, TRGP_60, TRGP_90 and TRGP_120 respectively. XRD results show decrease in inter layer spacing (d002) from 0.87 nm to ∼0.35 nm after reduction of GO paper. This shows gradual removal of oxygen functionalities and adsorbed water during reduction. Meanwhile the size of sp2 domains of graphene also decrease as studied by Raman spectroscopy. SEM results also show change in morphology of thermally reduced graphene paper. The electrical conductivity of reduced graphene paper increases from 2.8 × 10-2 S/m for as such graphene oxide paper to 1.3 × 102 S/m for graphene paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the digital transformation of media collections in the library. Research that illustrates how processing collection over media, obstacles faced by the Library Service of the Province of South Sumatra. The study used a qualitative descriptive method with the aim of getting a more detailed description of the processing of collections over media. Data collection techniques in the study were carried out by observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with the head of the library, the head of conservation, the media transfer section, and librarians. The results of the study showed that the processing of media transfer collections consisted of three stages after the media transfer. The main obstacle in processing the transfer of media is the lack of human resources that are competent in the field of media transfer besides that, inadequate facilities due to lack of available budget. Digitizing the library may help library and the users to step toward the sustainable future, because digital libraries are the future. Digital technologies consistently help to reduce paper and energy waste and decrease the overall habit of students in copying pages from the printed books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As mankind leads into a new age of modernization, security issues and measures have become exceedingly important. Considering an educational institute or workplace, keeping one's belongings safely with a minimal interface is the need of the hour. The traditional lock and key method of keeping personal items safe is clumsy and inconvenient. The recent developments in technology have provided innovative solutions to this problem. Gone are the days of the troublesome key and lock. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), along with Internet-of-Things (IoT), is a secure, user-friendly and efficient method to safeguard things. This combination comes with advantages such as high security, simplicity, cost-effectiveness and 'misplace-proof' methodology. This paper proposes a Smart RFID-IoT based Locker system. The locker works on RFID authentication technology, which is unique to every identity card of the user. It is also enabled with Wi-Fi connectivity to facilitate continual status monitoring, user login-logoff data storage, and unauthorized access surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In various fields of computer science the word meaning has been explored. In various fields such as Smart Environment, Distributed Computing and Contextual Consciousness, context conscious devices are in popularity. Context Aware System is the new path towards the technology in Mobile Computing. This is a portable computing component where mobile apps can detect spatial data (e.g. User Place, Period of Day, nearby people, locations and user activities). Now in the era of Mobile Computing, recently we have seen the new developments in Apple iPhone-5 and Samsung Galaxy Note where they have application of Context aware System but it is not that what we call a "Killer App". Context conscious System is an old field but a rich field of research. In this paper, the difficulties and possible solutions are discussed which can serve as guidance to the developer or a researcher hoping to make an efficient Context Aware System a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis of C-Dots from waste paper has been successfully created. A total of 5 grams of waste paper is mixed with 40 mL aquades, 30 mL H2SO4 and 50 mL NaOH 2 M. A precursor solution is prepared by adding urea in 20 ml of material. Synthesis of C-Dots done by heating the precursor hydrothermally using a furnace with three conditions, namely with 1-4 grams of urea, 20-50 minutes of synthesis time, and 150-300°C of temperature. In a variation of urea and time, the temperature is controlled at 300°C. In a variation of the time and temperature, urea is controlled at 3 grams. In a variation of the urea and temperature, time is controlled for 30 minutes. The maximum absorption C-Dots generated on the various of amount urea, temperature, and synthesis time in the range of 360-600 nm. The width of the absorbance area was increased by adding 1-3 grams of urea and were decreased when urea is added 4 grams or more. The absorbance peaks of C-dots decreases with increasing temperature synthesis. Meanwhile, an increasing of synthesis time does not affect to the width of the absorbance spectra. It precisely causes decreasing of peaks of the absorbance spectra. The functional groups present on the surfaces of C-dots can be identified by the presence of specific peaks in their FTIR spectra, i.e. N-H, C=C, C-N, and C-C at various urea, N-H, C=O, C=C and C-O at temperature and synthesis time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is facing serious challenges in dealing enormous quantities of waste paper sludge produced in the country every year. This enormous quantity causing major economic problems and environmental problems over the paper and board industry. In order to confront with the economic problems associated with waste disposal costs, which make up almost half of the cost of wastewater treatment, there is a need to provide a viable solution to the reuse of waste and by reducing the use of natural resources. Hence, a comparative analysis of the experimental results novel properties of fresh and hardened concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) with different substitution of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) as a partial substitute for cement is presented in the paper. Recycled aggregates is made by crushing the waste concrete cube laboratory tests. Recycled aggregate is made by crushing the concrete waste at laboratory. Utilize of WPSA and RCA is estimated to produce significant gains in strength performance (determine the strength characteristics of concrete structures) and properties of workability and water absorption for each series of mixed. Therefore, the application of those testing method were measured the quality of concrete, so that they can perform satisfactorily as structural element. The findings demonstrated that the WPSA and RCA seems to contribute to the favourable concrete compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Test is a significant part of the teaching process. It demonstrates the final outcome of school teaching through teachers' teaching level and students' scores. The analysis of test paper is a complex operation that has the characteristics of non-linear relation in the length of the paper, time duration and the degree of difficulty. It is therefore difficult to optimize the coefficient of influence factors under different conditions in order to get text papers with clearly higher reliability with general methods [1]. With data mining techniques like Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), we can model the test paper analysis and optimize the coefficient of impact factors for higher reliability. It's easy to find that the combination of SVR and GA can get an effective advance in reliability from the test results. The optimal coefficient of influence factors optimization has a practicability in actual application, and the whole optimizing operation can offer model basis for test paper analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present an application of two Computational Intelligence Algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm and Differential Evolution (DE) for finding and optimal solution to two optimization problems that occur in a paper industry. The first problem deals with the economic optimization of a hypothetical but realistic Kraft pulping process and in the second problem we have considered the optimization of Boiler load allocation problem. Both the problems form an integral part of paper making process. The simulation results show the efficiency and time effectiveness of DE and PSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paper soap is currently in great demand by the public because it is easy to carry everywhere. In the process, solid soap is printed as thin as paper. This paper soap will dissolve and produce foam when exposed to water. This study aims to synthesize the paper soap product against the effect of variations in the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA serves as an adhesive and forms a thin layer (film). The raw material for making soap is virgin coconut oil and NaOH as a basic soap. Basic soap is mixed with glycerin, ethylene glycol, silicone oil, olive oil, aloe vera, and perfume. After that, the mixture was added with polyvinyl alcohol with various concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent solution. The processed soap material is then poured into a flat mold with a thickness of 0.5 mm and 1 mm. The paper soap produced was tested for water content, free fatty acids, pH and antibacterial activity test. The test results showed that the best paper soap was obtained when using a 5 percent PVA solution. The results are in accordance with the requirements of SNI 3532:2016 solid soap with a moisture content of 12%, free fatty acids 1.5%, pH 9.6 and the value of inhibition diameter on the antibacterial activity test 18.7 mm, the value stability of foam of 94% with a thickness of 0.5 mm soap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drape is a fabric's ability to deform when suspended under its weight in specified conditions of known size using a Drape Meter. The Drape Coefficient % (DC%) is calculated by taking the weight of paper cut out based on the shadow of the fabric. A fabric property is very important in relating to the behavior of drapes and these factors were determined by earlier researchers in developing a tool to measure drape. The Cusiks's Drape Meter was the first equipment that used the principle of shadow in reflecting the drape behavior and later on calculating the DC%. The principle introduced by Cusick has been used by a lot of researchers to determine DC% more accurately using computer captured images. In recent years, a lot of research has moved forward using software to calculate the DC% by incorporating the values of fabric properties to create an image for the drape. A lot of work on comparing the values of DC% using conventional and simulated/virtual methods was published. The usage of particular software can predict the DC% before the actual production of fabrics. Prediction can be made based on physical properties needed on particular fabrics to be produced and thus saving a lot of time and giving more choices in fabrics selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational thinking is a way of thinking for problem solving and is one of the basic skills of the 21st century that is very important to be applied in science learning as an effort to prepare for disruption in the industrial era 4.0 and society 5.0. This study aims to find a new method that has proven its effectiveness to apply problem solving skills. The Research and Development (R and D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation and Evaluation) was carried out to develop a Problem Project Based Learning (PPjBL) model with a Computational Thinking (CT) approach based on CoSpaces-Edu Paper Cube Augmented Reality. This research has produced a product in the form of a Problem Project Based Learning (PPjBL) model with a Computational Thinking (CT) approach based on CoSpaces-Edu Paper Cube Augmented Reality which has been validated by experts on very feasible and effective criteria to be applied as a science learning design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the possibility of removing residual optical brighteners in paper, caused by the migration of OBAs from commercially available papers through water during an instance of water damage. From the standpoint of conservation treatment, this OBA removal experiment was conducted in the hope of providing a treatment method for the removal of OBAs as a reference point for the conservation community. This study presents an example case of removing offset OBAs, and the results of the removal experiment are discussed in order to explore the feasibility of the proposed treatment method. The results demonstrated that the removal of offset OBAs using a compatible conservation treatment is feasible. A combination of daylight bleaching with alkaline water and aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is recommended, and the time of exposure to sunlight should be shortened as much as possible if performed on a bright, sunny day. However, performing such treatment on the actual cultural artefact will require careful assessment with regards to necessity and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematics and its Scientific Applications (ICMSA 2022). The conference took place on March 3-4, 2022, at the Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The conference was organized by the Department of Mathematics and was held online via the Zoom platform. The aim of the conference was to provide a platform for mathematicians and engineers to present new models in their respective fields. Around 200 research papers were received and 68 were selected for possible publication in the Scopus Indexed AIP proceedings. The editors of the AIP Conference Proceedings accepted the selected papers for publication. The preface expresses gratitude to the contributors, the conference organizers, and the advisory and technical committee members for their support and guidance. [Extracted from the article]

Lateral light scattering simulations of printed dots are analyzed using general radiative transfer theory. We investigated the appearance of a printed paper in relation to the medium parameters like thickness of the paper sample, its optical properties, and the asymmetry factor. It was found that the appearance of a print greatly depends on these factors making it either brighter or darker. A thicker substrate with higher single scattering albedo backed with an absorbing surface makes the dots brighter due to increased number of scattering events. Additionally, it is shown that the optical effects of print also depend on illuminating and viewing angles along with the depth of ink penetration. A larger single scattering angle implies less intensity and the dots appear much blurred due to the shadowing effect prominent when viewed from sides. A fully penetrated dot of the same extinction coefficient as a partial penetrated one is darker due to increased absorption. These results can be used in applications dealing with lateral light scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, the technological progress in the field of wood polymer nanocomposites have played a significant role. It has been successfully overcome many disadvantages of wood product such as poor dimensional stability, poor mechanical strength, susceptibility and poor thermal stability. Due to the modification of softwood, we are able to find the substitution of costliest hardwood. In the addition of vinyl monomer and thermosetting resin with different cross linking reagents, we can easily develop the properties of wood. Due to its low cost and multi functionality softwood have a broad application in different fields of wood polymer nanotechnologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immediate methanol energy unit (DMFC) is the substitution of lithium-particle batteries in practically every one of the convenient electronic devices, in which current DMFCs work at double the force thickness of current lithium-particle batteries with moment refuel capability. It's realized that, the DMFC will give higher force densities, just if the center of this power module – the polymer electrolyte layer (PEM) – were more impervious to the fuel (methanol). In this way, the plan and improvement of Nafion® (the most ordinarily utilized PEM in energy components) substitutes that show high proton's conductivity and little methanol porousness (high selectivity) is a functioning space of examination. Polymer mixes are a humble and worthwhile strategy to advance layers that conjoin the ideal vehicle properties. Until now, there is fractional exploration in the space of PEM mixes, and besides, various uncertain inquiries. In this investigation, the properties of mix organization, science, and handling on polymer morphology and thereafter the vehicle properties and selectivity were analyzed. A significant impact in this investigation is correlation arrangement of cast films to warm squeezed layers. The last target is to coordinate with both the layers to furnish immiscible mixes with low selectivity, while likewise with the writing review tempered arrangement cast layers improved miscibility and thusly selectivity. The result with this examination is to discover the DMFC Execution of a strengthened arrangement cast mix layer of Nafion®/poly (vinyl liquor) (PVA) (with just 5 wt% PVA) was 33% higher than Nafion® (the business standard) at a high methanol fuel fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the performances of cationic starch (CS) and sodium carboxymethyl celluloses (CMC-Na) as dry strength additives (DSA). The CS and CMC-Na were incorporated with to pulp slurry in different dosages (0.5%-2.0%) during stock preparation. The basic weight of 80 g/m2 was made for each treatment. The results showed that the utilization of CMC-Na had better mechanical properties compared to the CS for all treatments. In general, apparent density and mechanical properties were significantly affected by the addition of DSA. However, through the observation of the experiment, the enhancing effect of CMC-Na on mechanical properties of wastepaper was much higher than using CS except for tear strength. The FESEM imaging results can also help prove the best DSA used in wastepaper production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in water quality can be shown in physical, chemical and biological indicators. The presence of phytoplankton can be used as a bioindicator to evaluate changes in water quality and fertility in a water. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance and biological index of phytoplankton in the Ir.H. Djuanda Reservoir. The method used is a survey. Types of phytoplankton obtained in the results of the study consisted of 6 classes and 36 species. The average abundance of phytoplankton in the waters of the Ir. H. Djuanda ranged from 23809 – 98810 cells/l. The results of the analysis of diversity (H') = 1.78 – 2.53, uniformity index (E) = 0.62 – 0.8 and dominance index (C) = 0.12 – 0.28. These results indicate that the diversity of phytoplankton in the Ir. H. Djuanda has moderate diversity, high uniformity and no dominance. Based on the value of the diversity index, it shows that the reservoir is classified as lightly polluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block chain is one of the burning research topics which is fully decentralized digital procedure for data exchange in a secure and protective way. There are other names of the same technology in published literature like Distributed Ledger Technology etc. One of its very popular applications is bitcoin. In this paper mainly the comprehensive overview of healthcare in Block chain Technology has been discussed in details which secure the important medical data in the field of health care. It also accelerates the up gradation of medical record management, information claim procedure and bio medical research. In this paper, at first we have drawn attention on fundamental concepts of Block Chain and elaborated some relevant works which used Blockchain as the main technology for ensuring security. We have mainly focused on the papers published in past three to four years so that we can understand the research progress in this field. At the last, we have filtered those papers to find out the work progress in the field of health care only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 21st century people are habituated with using all kind of smart devices. Many researchers have been done in last decade to make the human life more comfortable and convenient. Smart devices play a vital role to ensure the comfort to our daily life and simultaneously it makes the system more energy efficient and accurate. In this paper the smart IoT based washing machine source of the supply comprises with three different segments: 1. Conventional power source, 2. Solar power, 3. Battery back-up that's why the prototype is named as Tribrid. The washing machine can consume electrical power for all the time whenever it requires. So, this prototype can easily solve the problem of interruption in power supply. Now, to make the motor more energy efficient brushless dc motor (BLDC) is used instead of using the conventional motor, this reduces the power consumption of the device when it is connected to the supply main. Application of Internet of Thing (IoT) makes the device smart. That means this prototype can be controlled or monitor from the remote location. The prototype is light in weight so it is portable too; this helps the consumer to move the device from any end of the house to anywhere. It is expected that this prototype will helps to reduce both the water and electrical energy consumption easily and the smartness will add some extra comfort to the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of technology, online data is increasing enormously in various forms be it images, videos, texts, sound, etc. Now with increasing data, there arises the issue of storage and that's the time when Bigdata and its tools come into the picture. To analyze the big data and process it with the available traditional methods, becomes an extremely strenuous task. And to overcome this drawback, there are various big data tools and techniques available. Some of the techniques that are used to analyze big data are the techniques of data mining such as clustering, classification, division, and prediction. The tools that are used in analyzing the big data are MongoDB, NoSQL, HPCC, Apache Storm, Spark, Apache Hadoop, also these tools are used in handling big data. In this paper, analysis of big data tools and techniques has been done with different examples and instances. To understand the tools better, their summaries along with examples are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encryption techniques are important on the Internet. The challenges of color-coding are still hot topics. Many papers were published to develop encryption algorithms to prevent security attacks. Cryptography is the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext. It is classified into two types: symmetric encryption, which uses the same key for encryption and decryption processes; and asymmetric encryption, which uses private and public keys. Text to image color coding needs to encrypt text data into colors. Researchers proposed different techniques to implement this approach to safeguard text data against attacks. This work compares various types of text to image encryption and decryption techniques based on the RGB and CMYK color values and provides a comparison between them using various parameters such as application, program language, type of image, number of keys used, image dimension used, encryption and decryption processing time, advantage and disadvantage, image size used, evaluation measures, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bitcoin in the last decade, has become increasingly popular as a form of electronic currency. This paper aims to review the status and visual map position of research in the internationally Bitcoin studies indexed Scopus that used a bibliometric positioning overview. The research was carried out using bibliometric techniques. Data analysis as well as visualization utilizing VOS Viewer program and the Scopus function for analyze search results. In this review, the details collected applied to 3,281 documents issued from 2011 through 2019. The study reveals that Bouri, E. and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Studies were the most active individual scientists and affiliated institutions in Bitcoin studies. In bitcoin studies, the Computer Science and Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes In Artificial Intelligence And Lecture Notes In Bioinformatics were the most areas of study and dissemination sources. There were one worldwide group maps with collaborative researchers. In order to identify the body of knowledge created from eight years of publication, this study constructed a convergence axis grouping comprising of bitcoin studies: Bitcoin, E-Finance, Blockchain, Privacy, Cybercrime, Computation, and Systems, abbreviated as the theme BFBPCCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and economical method has been used to grow macroscopically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper for device application. Synthesized paper has been characterized by different experimental techniques namely SEM, TEM, Raman and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. Besides these, temperature dependent electrical studies of rGO paper have also been carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fourier Transform Raman and infrared spectra of cheque paper document have been recorded and analyzed. The wavenumbers corresponding to normal modes of vibration of cellulose were calculated at HF/6-31G(d) level for comparison with the cheque paper sample. The appearance of a carbonyl stretching band at 1654 cm-1 clearly shows that the cheque paper is subjected to ageing. The broadening of O[Single_Bond]H stretching wavenumber confirms the presence of inter and intra molecular O[Single_Bond]H...O Hydrogen bonds. Also the presence of Kaolin and Rosin are unambiguously identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Conference on Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle (ICSGEV2023) was held in April 2023 in hybrid mode, organized by the Department of EEE at Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science in collaboration with the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK and the University of Leeds, UK. The conference featured various sessions, keynote speeches, and paper presentations on topics related to smart grid and electric vehicle technologies. Over 137 papers were received, with 110 accepted for presentation and publication in the AIP conference proceedings. The conference aimed to foster collaboration and innovation in the fields of smart grid and electric vehicles to address energy and transportation challenges. [Extracted from the article]

One method is to cover sliding components with materials that have low friction and wear characteristics. Surface functionalization is a fast-growing field emerging subject, owing to the need for surface modification being less expensive than designing and manufacturing a whole new material, and allowing the retention of some characteristics of the initial material, such as mechanical properties. Coatings are used as an alternative in the machining process to extend tool life, improve product surface quality, and speed up production. Multilayer coatings are particularly appealing among coating design concepts because they provide for more flexibility in tailoring surface qualities. For tribological performance improvement, the ability to regulate residual stress, hardness to elasticity modulus ratio, and substrate adherence, for example, by stacking coating layers, is advantageous. In this context, multilayer coatings have sparked a surge of interest as a feasible option for minimizing friction and wear. This paper looked at the properties of multilayer coating systems for tribological applications. The purpose of this work is to investigate the performance of coated tools in the machining process. Multilayer coating, nano-coating materials, and cutting tool are some of the terms used in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many environmental damages are caused by humans, one of which is environmental damage due to waste. Waste is the residue of daily human activities. Almost all human activities produce waste, be it activities in residential areas, offices, and even activities on campus. Hasanuddin University is one of the campuses with various faculty buildings and offices that carry out various types of activities and produce various types of waste. The Faculty of Pharmacy is a faculty with a new building at Hasanuddin University. Waste management carried out by the faculty includes packaging, collection, and transportation. In contrast, waste processing is carried out, including composter, selling paper waste to waste banks, and burning dry leaf waste. To carry out good, organized, and proper waste management based on SNI 19-2454-2002, good operational waste management is needed. From the results of research and calculation of waste generation carried out under SNI-19-3964-1994, the largest composition of waste produced by the Pharmacy Faculty Building is plastic waste by 31% then followed by organic waste by 26%. The waste generation generated is 0.026 kg/person/day or 0.777 l/person/day. The waste management plan at the Faculty of Pharmacy Building is sorting, containerization, temporary collection, and transportation. For waste processing that is carried out is a composter, a plastic chopping machine, and a pyrolysis machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet has revolutionized the system of retail shopping. People now get all the products under one roof without even visiting the store. Everything has become a one-touch process. Customers place their orders over online platform and receive the products within 7 to 8 days. Though the door delivery of goods is very useful for modern consumers, it has given rise to some serious environmental challenges due to the excessive usage of plastics. To pack the products ordered online needs a whole leap of plastic wrap, bubble sheet, thermocol sheet and the list of packaging waste is endless. Products like corrugated bubble sheet, green wrap, indented kraft paper can be focused on as eco-friendly alternatives for this ecological damage. Though there is room for sustainable modules in the fashion industry, there must be companies and people willing to take up the new ideals. Here an attempt is made to develop a cushioning material from fabric and compare its properties with bubble wrap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cases where the country's economy is preparing for complete digitalization, the agro-industrial complex asks for a significant "reset", considering the existing threats and opportunities. This implies the diversification of academic papers with an emphasis on digital technologies, specialist training capable of working in agriculture and the processing industry on modern equipment using specialized software. The authors highlight and analyze the main trends, the focus on which will speed up the transformation of research, innovation and educational processes. The above is also true for the national projects and programs "Science and Universities", "Digital Economy", "Staff for the Digital Economy", and the departmental project "Digital Agriculture". The urgency of conducted studies and conclusions drawn by the authors is due to the following: modern agrarian science is a fusion of fundamental and applied academic and innovative research to enter the global agenda and respond to existing challenges. Therefore, agrarian science should be provided with experts in various fields who are able to formulate and solve urgent problems to meet the global trends in the agricultural development. It is impossible to make predictions regarding the digitalization efficiency of agriculture without this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulp and paper making industry is looking for new main raw material based on its physical, chemical and morphological characteristics. Currently in this industry, bagasse is the most useful raw material in pulp and paper industry. The objective of this study is to determine its suitability for pulping. Acacia auriculiformis is a fast-growing tree normally found in Indonesia and Australia. Acacia auriculiformis leaf contains of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The range of lignin content in Acacia auriculiformis is 19%-20%. The hemi-cellulose and lignin contents was removed by soda-pulping process using different concentrations as followed; 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. In order to determine the optimum pulping conditions for Acacia auriculiformis craft paper, several tests were conducted such as apparent density, tear test, tensile strength test and moisture absorption. It was found that the Acacia auriculiformis fibre treated with 3% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions gave good tear test of the paper. For apparent density test, the best concentration of NaOH used for treating Acacia auriculiformis pulping is at 15%. From the study, the optimum concentration of NaOH in treating Acacia auriculiformis fibre is at 5% for best result in tensile strength. Hence, from the overall tests, 5% concentration of NaOH is the optimum value. From the findings, Acacia auriculiformis fibre has a potential to be used in paper making and food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioethanol seems very potential to be an alternative energy substituting the fossil-based energy due to its renewable sources. Any sources containing carbohydrate (poly or mono) may be fermented into ethanol (bioethanol). This study aims to investigate the optimum conditions in the fermentation of used paper HVS hydrolysate to yield ethanol. The used paper HVS hydrolysate, produced from the hydrolysis of used paper HVS, was initially treated with a so-called detoxification stage to remove compounds hindering the fermentation process. The detoxification stage employed adsorptive separation with the aid of carbon (charcoal) activated with KOH and K2CO3 solution. The fermentation varied the types of microbes or yeast (i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus oligosporus) and its concentration. Within the ranges of studied parameters, the optimum conditions to yield highest level of ethanol (0.436%) were activated carbon with KOH, yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and concentration of 3 g yeast/70 mL hydrolysate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of packing materials is an important factor to prolong the shelf life of food products, especially for perishable foods or produces. This research was conducted to determine the effect of packing materials (papers and plastics) on fresh Brazilian spinach leaves quality such as moisture content, water activity and total color difference (ΔΕ). The samples were stored at ambient temperature (25 °C) for 16 days. The moisture content and water activity of the samples were measure by moisture analyzer and water activity meter, respectively. The total color difference (ΔΕ) was calculated based on L*, a* and b* parameters. Generally, based on overall results, the packing materials significantly affected the quality of fresh Brazilian spinach leaves throughout 16 days of storage period. The results asserted that the paper materials are not suitable to use to pack fresh Brazilian spinach leaves for long period. It is also not recommended to use any paper material to pack fresh produce, especially perishable vegetables and fruits, in protecting their quality. The use of HDPE and PP plastics is recommended to prolong the shelf life of the fresh Brazilian spinach leaves. However, it has a limitation in controlling the changes of leaves color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper soap is an innovation in making soap. The form of paper soap is unique like thin sheets paper. The addition of natural compounds such as virgin coconut oil (VCO) and whey kefir in soap making could improve the quality of paper soap as herbal product. This research aims to determine the optimum formulation of herbal paper soap in three whey kefir mass composition 8%, 18% and 23%. The paper soap makes using a hot process with additional glycerin as a plasticizer. The characterization of herbal paper soap is using parameters tested of pH value, stability of foam, unsaponified fat, organoleptic test, and water content. The characteristic of paper soap has a thickness of 1 mm, smells good, and slightly yellowish. The best herbal paper soap is obtained for a composition of 8% with water content, unsaponified fat, pH, and foam stability 28%, 0.39%, 8 and 83% respectively. Therefore, the herbal paper soap with whey kefir of 8% has complied SNI no. 3532-2016 standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heritage tourism is important from both cultural and socioeconomic standpoints. Despite the ubiquity of the Internet, some heritage sites are, for some reason, yet to take full advantage of it. Kampung Wisata Kauman in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is one of those sites lacking in exposure and recognition, partly due to semi-traditional management in the past. This paper discusses the digital transformation in heritage tourism management of Kampung Wisata Kauman in Yogyakarta. The study starts with the problem identification as part of requirements analysis conducted with surveys, observations, and interviews, before making use of a prototyping approach with some iterations in developing a web-based tourism information system to be run by Sakawisata, the site administrator of Kampung Wisata Kauman. The resulting digital transformation is reflected in the transition in their business process that is now integrated through the system instead of recorded manually in the past. The results from functionality test through black-box approach confirmed that this system works well to streamline the process of making and managing reservations for tour packages along with all relevant actions such as payment, reschedule, cancelation, and reviews. The usability test also revealed that this system is perceived as easy to use by its users regardless of their roles in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychrophilic microorganisms, also known as cold-adapted microorganism are well distributed in the environments, can easily be differentiated from mesophiles due to their ability to grow in the low temperature. At the lower temperature, these microbes have slow metabolic rate and have high catalytic efficiency in comparison with the mesophilic counterparts. The enzymes released from those cold-loving microbes are known as cold-adapted enzymes or psychrozymes, a great player in the field of biotechnology and commercial applications. Psychrophiles have wax esters which plays key role in membrane fluidity and the cis trans polymerization in their enzymes helps in controlling protein folding rates in the low temperature and keep them active. They also contain cold shock domain, antifreeze protein. In this review we have provided most recent information on the psychrophilic microbes and their adaptive mechanisms. These cold loving microbes produce various types of cold-adapted enzymes applicable in the industrial sectors. These types of cold loving enzymes are often used in many commercial fields‟ viz. pharmacy, paper pulp, cosmetics, animal feed, detergent, textile etc. These also play a valuable role in molecular biology and in bioremediation. This article also gives an insight to the successful utilization of psychrophilic enzymes in the industrial as well as in biotechnological field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more advanced technologies are applied to improve the therapy quality with the unceasingof the technical progress. Bio-printing has become one of the most microfabrication methods which could be used in the fields of craniofacial transplantation, crown and tooth repair, prosthetic devices, medical equipment, organ printing, bold tissue engineering scaffold and so on. However, most of the existing bio-ink materials could have the disadvantages of poor conductivity. To solve this problem, several ways of optimizing and improving the bio-ink formula will be proposed, including electric field assisted bioprinting of cell-loaded GelMA microspheres, nano-clay-assisted 3D printing of complex bio hydrogel scaffolds, biological 3D printing with fiber microspheres, using new materials such as MC/Gelma with high shape integrity and applying HGSM in bioprinting to improve the overall properties of the product. And in this paper, GelMA ink is used as the basic material for subsequent research so that the problem of how to construct highly bioactive tissue structure to realize printing structure functionalization can be solved to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging technology for efficient use of spectrum resources, to make it more energy-efficient there is a need for energy harvest cognitive radio networks (EH-CRN). In EH-CRN energy harvest uses ambient energy sources, but the random nature of sources makes the implementation of EH-CRN more difficult. Extensive research is conducted in the past few years to address the issues in the implementation of EH-CRNs. This paper reviews the previous and recent improvements in EH-CRNs and systematically presents the merits and demerits of each. Finally, this review paper is presented to help new researchers and to make them familiar with the concepts of EH- CRNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the inclination toward eating out has become a prime choice everywhere. It is the result of working parents, micro family, and disposable income. People are looking for a good time to spend and relax. Resulting in many new hotels and restaurant are coming up day by day. In this competitive environment, restaurants are suffering from low business and find it difficult to survive in the market. Restaurant management is not able to identify the drawback of its products, services, and is thriving for new strategy and development. Therefore, this paper aims to find out various customer satisfaction practices existing in the catering industry and its effect on customer satisfaction and retention. This is a review paper using secondary data analysis based on various published journals, articles collected from various leading journals in the field of hospitality and tourism. The findings of the paper are factors such as food quality and authenticity, personal touch, physical ambiance, and value for money,staff behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood fiber derived cellulose has been mainly used as the raw material in the papermaking. However, currently the paper production capacity is greater than the availability of wood. To overcome this problem, there have been many attempts to use non-wood fibers as substitutes for papermaking such as the fibrous materials derived from agriculture wastes. In this research, the paper was made from sugarcane bagasse which was previously delignified using soda process. The research was conducted by varying NaOH concentrations of 8-16%, delignification temperatures of 60-100°C and times of 30-150 min. The aim of the research was to study the effect of delignification process on physical properties of sugarcane baggase soda pulping. The results showed the increase in tensile strengths as the NaOH concentrations increased. Tensile strength was increasing up to optimum temperature and time and then decreased. The water uptake results showed the opposite tendencies with those of tensile strength. The optimum condition was achieved at the NaOH concentration of 10 %, delignification temperature of 80°C, and time of 90 min. Tensile strength and water uptake achieved at this optimum condition were 27.42 N/mm2 and 240 g/m2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-line measurement of material properties is a goal of many manufactures for production improvement and quality control. In the paper industry, the elastic stiffness of the paper web needs to be accurately measured and controlled online. Currently, contact ultrasonic methods are employed to measure the elastic constants of paper offline. Piezoelectric transducers are placed in contact with the paper surface to generate and detect plate wave modes, known as Lamb wave modes, in the paper in both the machine and cross directions. Laser ultrasonics offers a new approach to making elastic wave measurements that does not require contacting the paper web. A pulsed laser generates ultrasound in the paper by delivering a high intensity short impulse to the paper through thermoelastic expansion. An optical interferometer is used to demodulate the small phase modulation that the elastic wave produces on a continuous probe laser beam. Difficulty in applying this approach to online measurements of rapidly moving paper webs arises from the appearance of large speckle noise due to translation and flutter of the paper surface. This report describes work at the INEEL using a Fabry-Perot interferometer approach to characterize and overcome these problems. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the electret effect on the filtering and separation properties of polymer nonwoven fabrics obtained by the Spanbond method with a density of 17 and 20 g / m², as well as in the combination of polymer nonwoven fabric and paper filter. It was revealed that the presence of an energy barrier caused by the presence of an electret charge leads to a decrease in the rate of filtration through polymer cloths. The purity of the resulting filtrate when using electret cloths is 20-22% higher compared to the original polypropylene webs. The use of two-layer filter materials allows increasing the separation capacity by 35-40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the relatively inexpensive alternative energy sources in terms of production and relatively environment friendly was the development of bioethanol from urban wastes that contain many lignocellulose such as paper waste. This study characterizes the composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in blank HVS paper, inked HVS and newspaper. The results showed the predominate cellulose (49-60 %) while the lignin concentration was very low due to the removal of colors (lignin) in the manufacturing process. The experiments continued with synthesis of bioethanol through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process. A combination of enzymes (Cellulase + Cellobiase) in 1:1 weight ratio and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for hydrolysis and fermentation in the SSF process. Paper waste from newspapers, inked HVS, and empty HVS papers were used as raw materials. The initial pH of SSF in the column was at pH 5. Variation of enzyme concentration was carried at 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 g. The SSF process was carried out at incubation time of 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The ink affected the concentration of bioethanol produced. In this study, the best bioethanol content was produced by inked HVS and Newspapers at 0.5 grams of enzyme with a concentration of 1531 and 1111 ppm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, the effects of cake thickness and time on the efficiency of brown stock washer of the paper mill are studied by using mathematical model of pulp washing for the species of sodium and lignin ions. The mechanism of the diffusion- dispersion washing of the bed of the pulp fibers is mathematically modeled by the basic material balance and adsorption isotherm is used to describe the equilibrium between the concentration of the solute in the liquor and concentration of the solute on the fibers. To study the parametric effect, numerical solutions of the axial domain of the system governed by partial differential equations (transport and isotherm equations) for different boundary conditions are obtained by the “pdepe” solver in MATLAB source code. The effects of both the parameters are shown by three dimensional graphical representation as well as concentration profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]